Vaisala RVP900 User manual

M211322EN-J
User Guide
RVP900 Digital Receiver and Signal Processor
RVP900

PUBLISHED BY
Vaisala Oyj
Street address: Vanha Nurmijärventie 21, FI-01670 Vantaa, Finland
Mailing address: P.O. Box 26, FI-00421 Helsinki, Finland
Phone: [phone]
Visit our Internet pages at www.vaisala.com.
© Vaisala 2017
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to you.

Table of Contents
1. About This Document.................................................................................... 13
1.1 Version Information........................................................................................... 13
1.2 Related Documents........................................................................................... 13
1.3 Documentation Conventions............................................................................14
1.4 Trademarks......................................................................................................... 14
2. Product Overview............................................................................................ 15
2.1 RVP900 Product Architecture..........................................................................15
2.2 Regulatory Compliances................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 WEEE Compliance.......................................................................................16
2.2.2 RoHS Compliance........................................................................................16
2.3 Safety...................................................................................................................18
2.3.1 ESD Protection.............................................................................................19
2.4 Product Nomenclature...................................................................................... 19
3. Functional Description.................................................................................. 21
3.1 RVP901 IF Digital Receiver................................................................................21
3.1.1 RVP901 IFDR Data Capture and Timing...................................................22
3.1.2 RVP901 IFDR IF to I and Q Processing..................................................... 23
3.1.3 Digital Receiver Function...........................................................................23
3.1.4 Digital Transmitter Function......................................................................29
3.1.5 Magnetron Receiver Example.................................................................... 31
3.1.6 Klystron or TWT Receiver and Transmit RF Example............................ 35
3.2 RVP902 Signal Processing Computer............................................................ 36
3.2.1 LAN Connection for Data Transfer or Parallel Processing..................... 37
3.2.2 Open Hardware and Software Design......................................................37
3.2.3 RVP902 Socket Interface...........................................................................37
3.2.4 RVP902 Socket Protocol........................................................................... 38
3.2.5 Public API....................................................................................................40
3.3 RVP900 Weather Signal Processing..............................................................40
3.3.1 Burst Pulse Analysis for Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase..................42
3.3.2 Time (Azimuth) Averaging........................................................................43
3.3.3 TAG Angle Samples of Azimuth and Elevation.......................................43
3.3.4 Range Averaging and Clutter Microsuppression....................................44
3.3.5 Moment Extraction.....................................................................................44
3.3.6 Threshold Processing.................................................................................44
3.3.7 Speckle Filter.............................................................................................. 44
3.3.8 Velocity Unfolding......................................................................................45
3.3.9 Autocorrelations.........................................................................................45
3.3.10 Output Data.................................................................................................47
3.4 Radar Control Functions.................................................................................. 48
3.5 Configuration and Monitoring.........................................................................49
3.6 Digital AFC (DAFC).......................................................................................... 50
3.7 Expansion Panels..............................................................................................50
3.8 Utilities and Applications.................................................................................50
3.9 Network Architecture........................................................................................ 51
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4. RVP Hardware.................................................................................................. 53
4.1 Hardware System Overview.............................................................................53
4.2 RVP901 IFDR Hardware....................................................................................54
4.2.1 Upgrading IF Receiver with RVP901 IFDR...............................................55
4.2.2 RVP901 IFDR Power, Size, and Mounting Considerations..................... 56
4.2.3 RVP901 IFDR I/O Connectors....................................................................57
4.2.4 RVP901 Miscellaneous Discrete and Analog I/O Connectors............... 60
4.2.5 RVP901 IFDR Status Indicators..................................................................61
4.2.6 RVP901 IFDR Inputs................................................................................... 62
4.2.7 Defining RVP901 IFDR Input A/D Saturation Levels.............................. 62
4.2.8 Configuring the RVP901 IFDR Clock Subsystem.................................... 63
4.2.9 Configuring External Pre-Trigger Input................................................... 66
4.2.10 IF Bandwidth and Dynamic Range...........................................................67
4.2.11 Configuring IF Gain Based on System Performance..............................69
4.2.12 Configuring IF Gain Based on System Noise Figure................................71
4.2.13 Choosing Intermediate Frequency........................................................... 72
4.3 Installing RVP902 Main Chassis.......................................................................73
4.3.1 Powering-up RVP902.................................................................................73
4.4 Installing DAFC.................................................................................................. 74
4.4.1 Example: Hookup to a CTI MVSR-xxx STALO..........................................77
4.4.2 Example: MITEQ MFS-05.00– 05.30–100K–10MP STALO..................... 79
4.4.3 Using the Legacy IFD Coax Uplink...........................................................80
5. TTY Non-volatile Setups.............................................................................. 87
5.1 Using the TTY Setup Menu...............................................................................87
5.1.1 Factory, Saved, and Current Settings.......................................................88
5.1.2 Vand Vz – View Card and System Status............................................... 89
5.1.3 Vp – View Processing and Threshold Values............................................91
5.1.4 @ - Displaying and Changing Current Major Mode................................92
5.2 Managing Settings with MMenus....................................................................92
5.2.1 Mb — Burst Pulse and AFC........................................................................ 93
5.2.2 Mc — Top-level Configuration................................................................. 102
5.2.3 Mf — Clutter Filters.................................................................................. 104
5.2.4 Mp — Processing Options........................................................................ 107
5.2.5 Mt — General Trigger Setups....................................................................113
5.2.6 Mt<n> — Triggers for Pulsewidth n.........................................................116
5.2.7 Mz — Transmissions and Modulations.................................................... 126
5.2.8 M+ Debug Options.....................................................................................127
6. Plot-assisted Setups.....................................................................................129
6.1 Plot-assisted Setup Overview........................................................................129
6.2 Plot Command Conventions.......................................................................... 129
6.3 Configuring RVP900 Digital Front End........................................................130
6.4 P+ — Plot Test Pattern..................................................................................... 131
6.5 Pb — Plot Burst Pulse Timing.........................................................................132
6.5.1 Interpreting the Burst Timing Plot.......................................................... 132
6.5.2 Pb Subcommands.....................................................................................134
6.5.3 TTY Information Lines In Pb.................................................................... 135
6.5.4 Adjusting Burst Pulse Timing.................................................................. 136
6.6 Ps — Plot Burst Spectra and AFC..................................................................137
6.6.1 Interpreting Burst Spectra Plots..............................................................137
6.6.2 Ps Subcommands.................................................................................... 140
6.6.3 TTY Information Lines Within Ps............................................................142
6.6.4 Computing Filter Loss..............................................................................144
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6.6.5 Adjusting Plot Burst Spectra and AFC................................................... 147
6.6.6 Using AFC Test Mode.................................................................................151
6.6.7 Plotting Example for Pulse Width Definition, Waveform,
and Filters...................................................................................................152
6.6.8 Plotting Example for Range Resolution Ambiguity............................. 154
6.7 Pr — Plot Receiver Waveforms..................................................................... 155
6.7.1 Interpreting Receiver Waveform Plots................................................... 155
6.7.2 Available Subcommands In Pr................................................................158
6.7.3 TTY Information Lines In Pr.................................................................... 159
6.8 Pa — Plot Tx Waveform Ambiguity.............................................................. 160
6.8.1 Interpreting Ambiguity Plots.................................................................. 160
6.8.2 Available Subcommands In Pa................................................................162
6.8.3 TTY Information Lines In Ps....................................................................164
6.8.4 Bench Testing Compressed Waveforms.................................................165
7. Processing Algorithms................................................................................169
7.1 RVP Algorithm Overview............................................................................... 169
7.1.1 Measured Quantities.................................................................................170
7.1.2 IF Signal Conversion Process.................................................................... 171
7.2 IF Signal Processing.........................................................................................172
7.2.1 FIR (Matched) Filter.................................................................................. 172
7.2.2 RVP900 Receiver Modes..........................................................................174
7.2.3 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)......................................................176
7.2.4 Burst Pulse Tracking..................................................................................177
7.2.5 Interference Filter......................................................................................178
7.2.6 Large-Signal Linearization........................................................................ 181
7.2.7 Amplitude Correction for Tx Power Fluctuations..................................182
7.3 Time Series Signal Processing........................................................................183
7.3.1 Time Series and Doppler Power Spectrum Example............................184
7.3.2 Frequency Domain Processing- Doppler Power Spectrum................. 185
7.3.3 Autocorrelation for Moment Estimations...............................................187
7.3.4 Ray Synchronization on Angle Boundaries........................................... 189
7.3.5 Clutter Filtering Approaches................................................................... 189
7.4 Autocorrelation R(n) Processing...................................................................199
7.4.1 Point Clutter Remover..............................................................................199
7.4.2 Range Averaging and Clutter Microsuppression.................................200
7.4.3 Reflectivity............................................................................................... 200
7.4.4 Velocity..................................................................................................... 203
7.4.5 Spectrum Width Algorithms..................................................................204
7.4.6 Signal Quality Index (SQI threshold).....................................................205
7.4.7 Clutter Correction (CCOR threshold).................................................... 205
7.4.8 Weather Signal Power (SIG Threshold)................................................ 206
7.4.9 (Signal+Noise) to Noise Ratio (LOG Threshold).................................. 207
7.5 Thresholding................................................................................................... 207
7.5.1 Threshold Qualifiers.................................................................................207
7.5.2 Adjusting Threshold Qualifiers...............................................................209
7.5.3 Speckle Filter Processing.........................................................................210
7.6 Reflectivity Calibration................................................................................... 214
7.6.1 Plot Method for Calibration of Io.............................................................214
7.6.2 Single-Point Direct Method for Calibration of Io..................................217
7.6.3 Treatment of Losses in Calibration..........................................................218
7.6.4 Determining dBZo.....................................................................................219
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7.7 Dual PRT Processing Mode........................................................................... 220
7.7.1 DPRT-1 Mode.............................................................................................. 221
7.7.2 DPRT-2 Mode............................................................................................ 222
7.8 Dual PRF Velocity Unfolding......................................................................... 222
7.9 Random Phase Second Trip Processing...................................................... 226
7.9.1 Random Phase Second Trip Processing Algorithm..............................227
7.9.2 Tuning for Optimal Performance............................................................229
7.10 Signal Generator Algorithm Testing..............................................................231
7.10.1 Linear Ramp of Velocity with Range...................................................... 231
7.10.2 Verifying PHIDP and KDP........................................................................232
7.10.3 Verifying RHOH, RHOV, and RHOHV..................................................... 232
8. Host Computer Commands......................................................................235
8.1 Host Computer Command Overview........................................................... 235
8.1.1 Setting-up Data Acquisition and Processing........................................235
8.1.2 First-in-first-out (FIFO) buer............................................................... 236
8.2 No-Operation (NOP).......................................................................................237
8.3 Load Range Mask (LRMSK)........................................................................... 237
8.4 Setup Operating Parameters (SOPRM)........................................................ 239
8.5 Interface Input/Output Test (IOTEST)....................................................... 250
8.6 Interface Output Test (OTEST)...................................................................... 251
8.7 Sample Noise Level (SNOISE)......................................................................252
8.8 Initiate Processing (PROC)............................................................................ 255
8.9 Load Clutter Filter Flags (LFILT)................................................................268
8.10 Get Processor Parameters (GPARM)..............................................................271
8.11 Load Simulated Time Series Data (LSIMUL)..............................................289
8.12 Reset (RESET)................................................................................................ 292
8.13 Define Trigger Generator Waveforms (TRIGWF)....................................... 293
8.14 Define Pulse Width Control and PRT Limits (PWINFO).............................294
8.15 Set Pulse Width and PRF (SETPWF)............................................................296
8.16 Load Antenna Synchronization Table (LSYNC)..........................................297
8.17 Set or Clear User LED (SLED)...................................................................... 300
8.18 TTY Operation (TTYOP)................................................................................300
8.19 Load Custom Range Normalization (LDRNV).............................................303
8.20 Read Back Internal Tables and Parameters (RBACK)................................304
8.21 Pass Auxiliary Arguments to Opcodes (XARGS)....................................... 306
8.22 Load Clutter Filter Specifications (LFSPECS)............................................307
8.23 Configure Ray Header Words (CFGHDR).................................................... 308
8.24 Configure Interference Filter (CFGINTF).................................................... 310
8.25 Set AFC level (SETAFC).................................................................................. 311
8.26 Set Trigger Timing Slew (SETSLEW).............................................................312
8.27 Hunt for Burst Pulse (BPHUNT)......................................................................312
8.28 Configure Phase Modulation (CFGPHZ)....................................................... 313
8.29 Set User IQ Bits (UIQBITS)...........................................................................314
8.30 Set Individual Thresholds (THRESH).............................................................315
8.31 Set Task Identification Information (TASKID).............................................317
8.32 Define PRF Pie Slices (PRFSECT)................................................................. 319
8.33 Configure Target Simulator (TARGSIM).......................................................321
8.34 Set Burst Pulse Processing Options (BPOPTS).......................................... 323
8.35 Custom User Opcode (USRINTR and USRCONT)...................................... 323
8.36 Load Melting Layer Specification (MLSPEC).............................................. 324
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9. Technical Data............................................................................................... 329
9.1 Signal Processing............................................................................................329
9.2 RVP900 Processing Algorithms................................................................... 329
9.3 RVP900 Input and Output Summary.......................................................... 330
9.4 RVP901 IFDR Specifications...........................................................................331
9.5 RVP901 Digital Waveform Synthesis............................................................333
9.6 RVP902 Signal Processing Computer Specifications................................ 334
9.7 RVP902 Safety Compliance.......................................................................... 335
9.8 RVP900 Spare Parts...................................................................................... 336
9.9 Physical and Environmental Characteristics............................................... 336
9.10 Type Plate........................................................................................................ 337
Appendix A: Installation and Test Procedures........................................... 339
A.1 Installation and Test Procedure Overview...................................................339
A.2 Test Checklist..................................................................................................340
A.3 Installation Check............................................................................................ 341
A.4 Power Up Check............................................................................................. 342
A.5 Terminal Setup Check.................................................................................... 343
A.5.1 Checking Terminal Setup........................................................................344
A.6 Checking Internal Status with Setup VCommand.....................................344
A.7 Checking Board Configuration with Setup Mc Command........................ 345
A.8 Checking Processing Options with Setup Mp Command.......................... 346
A.9 Checking Clutter Filters with Setup Mf Command.................................... 347
A.10 Checking General Trigger Setup with Setup Mt Command......................347
A.11 Initial Setup of Information for Each Pulse Width......................................349
A.12 Checking Burst Pulse and AFC with Setup Mb Command........................ 350
A.13 Checking Debug Options with the M+ Command....................................... 351
A.14 Checking Transmitter Phase Control with Setup Mz Command...............352
A.15 Ascope Test..................................................................................................... 353
A.16 Burst Pulse Alignment................................................................................... 354
A.17 Bandwidth Filter Adjustment........................................................................355
A.18 Digital AFC (DAFC) Alignment (Optional)..................................................356
A.19 MFC Functional Test and Tuning (Optional)................................................358
A.20 AFC Functional Test (Optional).................................................................... 359
A.21 Checking Input IF Signal Level..................................................................... 360
A.22 Checking Calibration and Dynamic Range..................................................362
A.23 Checking Receiver Bandwidth......................................................................363
A.24 Checking Receiver Phase Noise....................................................................365
A.25 Hardcopy and Backup of Final Setups.........................................................366
A.26 RVP901 TxDAC Stand-alone Bench Test......................................................367
Appendix B: RVP901 IFDR Technical Drawings.........................................369
Appendix C: RVP900 Developer Notes......................................................... 371
C.1 Customizing RVP Software.............................................................................371
C.2 RVP Code Organization.................................................................................. 371
C.2.1 RVP Software Maintenance Model......................................................... 373
C.2.2 Building A Customised RDA Tree........................................................... 374
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C.3 Debugging and Profiling Your Code.............................................................374
C.3.1 Monitoring Opcode/Data Activity: -exposeIO..................................374
C.3.2 Showing Live Acquired Pulse Information: -showAQ......................... 375
C.3.3 Showing Coherent Processing Intervals: -showCPIs........................376
C.3.4 Showing RealTime Callback Timers: -showRTCtrl.......................... 377
C.3.5 Using ddd on Main and Proc Code..................................................... 379
C.3.6 Finding Memory Leaks with valgrind...............................................380
C.3.7 Profiling with gprof................................................................................ 381
C.4 Creating New Major Modes from Old Ones.................................................382
C.4.1 Function Pointers for Customization.....................................................383
C.5 Real-Time Control of RVP..............................................................................384
C.5.1 Using Programmable Callback Timers.................................................. 384
C.5.2 Standard Trigger and Antenna Event Example....................................385
C.6 Using the Intel IPP Library.............................................................................386
Appendix D: Time Series Recording...............................................................389
D.1 Time Series Overview.................................................................................... 389
D.2 TS Record and Playback Software Architecture.........................................389
D.3 Using RVP TimeSeries API..............................................................................391
D.3.1 Reader and Writer Clients........................................................................391
D.3.2 Attach and Detach Details...................................................................... 392
D.3.3 Extracting Pulses with Sequence Numbers..........................................392
D.3.4 Using Memory Bandwidth Eectively...................................................392
D.4 Installing and Configuring TS Recording.....................................................393
D.4.1 Required Software for TS Recording.....................................................393
D.4.2 Configuring UDP Ports for TS Recording..............................................393
D.4.3 Configuring Automatic Startup of tsimport and tsexport..................394
D.4.4 Configuring Network Buering for tsimport........................................394
D.4.5 Running tsimport and tsexport from the Command Line...................395
D.5 TS Switch Utility..............................................................................................395
D.6 TS Archive Utility............................................................................................ 396
D.7 Software Application Examples.................................................................. 400
D.7.1 RVP900 in Normal Real-Time Operation...............................................401
D.7.2 TS Recording on a Local RVP900......................................................... 402
D.7.3 TS Recording on Separate Archive Host...............................................402
D.7.4 TS Playback on a Local RVP900........................................................... 404
D.7.5 TS Playback from a Separate Archive Host to an RVP900................ 405
D.7.6 TS Archive Recording Quick Guide....................................................... 406
D.7.7 TS Archive Playback Quick Guide......................................................... 406
D.8 Ascope Playback Features............................................................................406
D.8.1 Archive on Local RVP900...................................................................... 408
D.8.2 Archive on Separate Archive Host.........................................................408
D.9 TS Playback Using IRIS..................................................................................408
D.10 TS View Utility................................................................................................ 409
D.10.1 Starting tsview.......................................................................................... 410
D.10.2 Starting tsview Sample Session..............................................................410
D.10.3 Tsview Command Line Options................................................................411
D.11 TS Record Data Format.................................................................................. 413
Appendix E: Serial Status Formats.................................................................. 417
Appendix F: Softplane.conf............................................................................... 423
F.1 Configuring the softplane.conf File.................................................... 423
F.2 Softplane.conf Organization and Syntax............................................423
F.3 Testing, Backup, and Calibration.................................................................. 427
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Appendix G: RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel....................................................... 429
G.1 ASR9-WSP with RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel Overview..............................429
G.2 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel Regulatory Compliances.................................429
G.3 Power Conditions for Use - RCP903 ASR9-WSP.......................................430
G.4 ASR9 WSP with RVP900 Panel Architecture.............................................. 431
G.4.1 RVP901-WSP Signal Processor Customized for ASR9 WSP.............. 434
G.4.2 RVP902-WSP Processor Customized for ASR9 WSP......................... 435
G.4.3 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Custom Panel........................................................435
G.5 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel Physical Interfaces........................................... 436
G.5.1 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel Dimensions.................................................436
G.5.2 ASR9-WSP Connector Locations...........................................................438
G.5.3 RCP903 Shelf........................................................................................... 438
G.6 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Electrical Interfaces....................................................439
G.6.1 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Interconnect Cabling........................................... 439
G.6.2 RVP901-WSP to ASR9 Radar.................................................................440
G.6.3 RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel Interfaces.....................................................441
G.6.4 ASR9-WSP Panel Indicators and Switches...........................................442
G.6.5 J1 - ASR9 Interface WSP #1 ................................................................... 442
G.6.6 J2 ASR9 Interface WSP #2 ....................................................................444
G.6.7 J3 and J4 RS-232 Interfaces to RVP902-WSP Processor...................445
G.6.8 J5 - Ethernet Interface............................................................................ 445
G.6.9 J6 - RVP901-WSP Misc IO A to RCP903 ASR9-WSP Panel................446
G.6.10 J7 - Power Interface (DC) ...................................................................... 447
G.7 ASR9 RIM Software API................................................................................ 448
Appendix H: TDWR Customizations...............................................................453
H.1 TDWR Technical Drawings............................................................................ 453
H.2 TDWR Custom Back Panel............................................................................ 456
H.3 Softplane.conf File: RVP900 TDWR Panel Example..................................459
Appendix I: References and Credits...............................................................465
Glossary.......................................................................................................................467
Index............................................................................................................................. 472
Hardware Limited Warranty............................................................................... 479
Technical Support................................................................................................... 479
Recycling.................................................................................................................... 479
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List of Figures
Figure 1 RVP901 IFDR.......................................................................................................21
Figure 2 IF to I/Q Processing Steps..............................................................................22
Figure 3 Calibration Plot for RVP901........................................................................... 25
Figure 4 Digital IF Band Pass Design Tool.................................................................. 27
Figure 5 Burst Pulse Alignment Tool............................................................................28
Figure 6 Received Signal Spectrum Analysis Tool...................................................29
Figure 7 Analog vs Digital Receiver for Magnetron Systems.................................31
Figure 8 Basic Magnetron System................................................................................ 33
Figure 9 Dual Polarization Magnetron System..........................................................34
Figure 10 Analog versus Digital Receiver for Klystron Systems.............................35
Figure 11 Klystron System with Digital Tx....................................................................36
Figure 12 I/QProcessing for Weather Moment Extraction..................................... 41
Figure 13 Burst Pulse Analysis for Amplitude/Frequency/Phase......................... 42
Figure 14 Reset IP Address...............................................................................................49
Figure 15 Network Architecture...................................................................................... 52
Figure 16 RVP900 System Concept...............................................................................54
Figure 17 RVP901 IFDR......................................................................................................54
Figure 18 Calibration Plot for a Stand-Alone 16-Bit IFDR........................................ 68
Figure 19 Trade-o Between Dynamic Range and Sensitivity.............................. 69
Figure 20 DAFC Module..................................................................................................... 74
Figure 21 DAFC Assembly Diagram............................................................................... 75
Figure 22 Recommended Receiving Circuit for the Coax Uplink............................81
Figure 23 Timing Diagram of the IFD Coax Uplink......................................................81
Figure 24 Test Pattern Display........................................................................................132
Figure 25 Successful Capture of the Transmit Burst................................................ 133
Figure 26 Example of a Filter With Excellent DC Rejection................................... 138
Figure 27 Example of a Filter With a Poorly Matched Filter.................................. 139
Figure 28 Example of a Poorly Matched Filter...........................................................148
Figure 29 Example of a Filter With Poor DC Rejection........................................... 150
Figure 30 Example of Combined IF Sample and LOG Plot.....................................156
Figure 31 Example of a Noisy High Resolution Pr Spectrum.................................157
Figure 32 Ambiguity Diagram of a Compressed Tx Pulse....................................... 161
Figure 33 Frequency, Phase and Amplitude of a Compressed Tx Pulse.............162
Figure 34 IFDR Sampling of Optimized Compressed Tx Waveform....................166
Figure 35 Ideal and Actual Linear -FM Spectrum Displayed in Ps Plot............... 167
Figure 36 RVP 900Processing Flow Diagram............................................................ 172
Figure 37 Linearization of Saturated Signals Above +8 dBm................................ 182
Figure 38 Time Series and Doppler Power Spectrum Example............................ 185
Figure 39 Typical Form of Time Series Window........................................................186
Figure 40 Impulse Response of Typical Window.......................................................187
Figure 41 Fixed Width Clutter Filter Examples...........................................................191
Figure 42 Variable Width Clutter Filter........................................................................ 192
Figure 43 GMAP Algorithm Steps................................................................................. 194
Figure 44 GMAP Example................................................................................................199
Figure 45 1D Speckle Filtering Algorithm.....................................................................211
Figure 46 2D 3x3 Filtering Concept Examples...........................................................213
Figure 47 Model Intensity Curve - Power at Antenna Feed (2dB per
Major Division)................................................................................................. 215
Figure 48 Overview of Losses that Aect LOG Calibration.................................... 218
Figure 49 Dual PRF Concepts........................................................................................ 224
Figure 50 Example of Dual PRF Trigger Waveforms...............................................226
Figure 51 Random Phase Processing Algorithm......................................................228
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