Westinghouse 5026 User manual

~
~i ~.
CROSS COMPOUND
STEAM DRIVEN
AIR COMPRESSORS
'i.'
INSTRUCTION PAMPHLET
No. 5026
~
JUNE, 1940
~
(SUPERSEDING ISSUE OF NOYEMBEl<. 1937)
t:;
COPYRIGHT. 1940 BY THE
WESTINGHOUSE
AIR' BRAKE COMPANY
PIITSBURGH, PA.. U. S. A.
om=. 1f®

.-
~
CONTENTS
"
TITLE PAGE
Cross Compound Air Compressors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8112" Cross Air 7
Description 9
Old and New Standard Air Compressors ....... , . 15
3
10112" Cross Compound Air Compressor. . . . . . . . .. 17
Operation of Cross Compound Air Compressors. . .. 18
Type "G" Air Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
No. 54 Air
............................ 26
General Data 30
Installation and Operating Instructions ...... , . . .. 33
Type "F-I-A" Lubrieator ...................... 43
Repair and Road Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55
Test of Steam End ............ ............ 59
Disorders . . ........ ,......................... 62
Maintenance .................................. 65
Cleaning the Type "Gil Air Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70

~ \./'~'
,
Fig. 1. Front View of the 8Y2u Cross Compound Air Compressor
with "F-I-A" Lubricator and Type "G" Air Filter
4
~
Cross Compound Air Compressors
NOTE-The reference numbers shown herein are for con-
venience only and are not to be used when ordering repair parts.
See Part Catalog giving piece numbers. etc.
It is generally recognized that the duty imposed upon
the locomotive air compressor has very largely increased
from year to year,
but the extent of this increase is more
fully appreciated when the following factors are con-
sidered:-
(a) The development of locomotives of great
weight and tractive power and
in consequence longer
trains
of heavy, large capacity cars.
The large brake cylinders and reservoirs
required for the heavier cars, the longer brake pipe
due to the longer trains hauled, and the greater num-
ber
of flexible connections and fittings where leakage
may occur, combine to demand normally a larger
volume of compressed air than ever before.
(c) The growing use
of many pneumatically
operated auxiliary appliances, such as water scoops,
automatic ash pans, engine reversing appliances,
Pullman water raising system, bell ringers, etc.,
which
take their supply from the air compressor.
(d) The necessity
of avoiding delays at termi-
nals where traffic tends to congest, by a prompt
charging
of long trains. Present day service con-
ditions demand a compressor of ample capacity to
secure maximum brake efficiency.
5

l
(
Fig. 2. Rear View of the 8%/1 Cross Compound Air Compressor
with "F-I-A" Lubricator •
6
SJ;2"
CROSS COMPOUND
AIR COMPRESSORS
The Westinghouse 8%" Cross Compound Compressor
was developed for the specific purpose of combining
maximum capacity and highest efficiency,
by compouna-
ing both the steam supplied and the air compressed to
the extent
that, while this compressor has a capacity
over three times greater
than the well known 9%" single
stage compre3sor, the steam consumption per 100
fpet of air compressed is
but one-third.
The
8%" compressor is supplied in two sizes. The
8%"-150, ordinarily used in steam road service, has a
normal displacement of 150 cubic feet when operating on
200 pounds steam pressure. The
8%"-120 was designed
to operate on a lower steam pressure, and has a normal
displacement of 120 cubic feet when operating on 160
pounds steam pressure.
While the cross compound air compressor was orig-
inally designed to operate on saturated steam
at a
maximum of 200 pounds pressure, the introduction of
superheat steam and higher pressures was later respon-
sible for modifications providing operation on steam
pressures up to
275 pounds.
The present recommended
standard 8%"-150-D air
compressor is suitable for use with both
saturated and
superheat steam up to
300 pounds pressure.
A Special air compressor, known as the
8%"-150-S,
is available for steam pressures up to 400 pounds
pressure.
7

1
!kcl;(ll'l A-A i:A!SfUed
Sectron DD
Rekef Vahe
Fig. 3. Sectional View of Compressor Showing the Present
Standard Piston Type Reversing Valve
Description
As in the case of the standard Westinghouse Single
Stage Air Compressors, the steam cylinders are placed
vertically above the air cylinders and connected by a
common center piece, see exterior views, Figs. 1
and 2.
The sectional assembly view, Fig. 3, serves to illus-
trate the simplicity of this design and emphasize the
the cross compound compressor
is a serial
arrangement of two standard single stage compressors,
actuated by the same controlling mechanism,
and
moving uniformly in opposite directions. This
illustration also the few moving parts employed,
which comprise
(a), the high pressure steam and low
pressure air pistons, connected by a Nickel-Chrome steel
piston rod drilled for the reversing valve rod which oper-
ates the reversing valve,
and which in turn actuates the
main
piHton valve controlling the admission of steam to
and the exhaust from both the high and low pressure
steam cylinders; and
(b), the low pressure steam and
high pressure air pistons connected by a solid Nickel-
Chrome steel piston rod having
no mechanical connection
with the valve gear.
The drain cock
63 is intended to draw off any con-
densation in the steam passage and should always
be
opened when the compressor is first started. The drain
cocks 64, connected to both steam cylinders, are for
the
same purpose and should also be opened for a short time
before the compressor is started
so that any condensation
of steam in the cvlinder
may be removed.
9

10
CROSS COMPOUND AIR COMPRESSORS
•
-----A
i- PIPE FOR DRAIN PIPE
$ECTION TAKEN AT
B·SB.B
FRONT OF
COMPRESSOR
Fig. 4. Views of Center Piece, Showing Drainage and Location
of Oil Hole for High Pressure Air Cylinder
""
DESCRIP'fION 11
Fig. 4 shows partial sectional views of the center
piece of the compressor, illustrating the provision made
for draining
off from the center piece the water which
drips from the stuffing boxes. The water which thus
accumulates
is drained through passages a' and c' to b'
and them~e through the drain pipe connection on the
lower flange to some convenient point, as between the
engine frame.
Fig. 4 also shows the present location
of oil hole for
the high pressure air cylinder. Whereas the oil hole was
formerly located ncar the discharge passage from the
pressure cylinder, an oil hole is now located at a
point where
the oil will feed directly into the inlet pas-
sages to the high pressure air cylinder. The center
is tapped for %-inch pipe on both the front and
back
of the rear wall, thus permitting of attaching the
oil pipe
at either the front or the back. Our standard
practice, however, is to connect the oil pipe
at the front
for the sake
of accessibility, with the back opening
plugged. Interchangeability is not affected in any way
since the old connection
is still
The arrangement of holes, as illustrated, enables the
oil passage in the center piece to
be cleaned out merely
by removing the plug
at the top of the angular hole a
and introducing into it a straight inflexible rod.
Plates 1 and
2, are diagrammatic views in which the
piston valve and reversing valve are turned
90
horizontally from their aetual position in order to make
the operation more easily understood, and all ports and
passages are connected in the simplest possible manner,
without regard to the actual construction
of the com-
pressor.

12
•
eHOSS COMPOUND AIIt COMPHF:SROHH
I' I.";'
Fig. S. Outline of Compressor with Sectional Assembly Views IIf
the Standard Design Main Valve and Housing
~
DESCRIPTION
13
Referring to Plate 1, steam inlet passage a, communi-
cating with cavity K and the two chambers A and A',
conveys the steam from the source of supply to the
operating valves, of which there are two, namely: the
reversing valve 22,
and the piston valve 25. The piston
valve
is a multiple piston device, consisting of a large
piston
at one end, with four smaller intermediate pistons
of uniform size, which will
be referred to hereinafter
as numbers
1, 2, 3, and 4, numbering from the small
piston end of the piston valve.
It is evident, that with five pistons working in a
cylinder,
we have, including the ends, six separate
chambers.
In this particular construction, five of these
chambers have permanent connections as follows:
The first chamber, E, behind the outer end of the
first small piston, to the atmosphere.
The.second chamber
A, between the first and second
pistons, to passage
a.
The third chamber F, between the No.2 and No.3
intermediate pistons, to the lower end of the low pres-
sure steam cylinder (passage
f).
The fourth chamber D, between the No.3 and No.4
intermediate pistons, to the upper end of the low pres-
sure steam cylinder (passage
d).
The fifth chamber A' between the fourth intermediate
and the inner side of large piston, to steam inlet passage
a.
The reversing valve 22 moving vertically, controls
the admission and exhaust of steam from cavity N, be-
hind the outer end of the large piston of the piston valve,
causing it to operate horizontally, the intermediate pis-
tons moving as follows:

15
14 CROSS COMPOUND AIR CuMPRESSORS
Intermediate piston No, 4 crosses a connecting
with passage
c, controlling the flow of steam to the upper
end of the high pressure steam cylinder, and also the ex-
haust into the upper end of the
low pressure steam cyl-
inder,
Intermediate piston No, 3 crosses a port connecting
with passage
e, controlling the exhaust of steam from
either end of the
low pressure steam
Intermediate piston No, 2 crosses a port connecting
with passage
g, causing steam to be admitted to the lower
end of the high pressure steam cylinder or exhausting
steam from this cylinder into the lower end of the low
pressure steam
The recent addition of four grooves to the inner end
of the large main valve bushing
107 (Fig, 5) serves to
prevent possibility of vibration of the main valve when
the compressor
is operating under a very restricted
throttle, Under this condition should the reversing valye
fail to supply
and maintain steam pressure on the outer
of
the large piston equal to that on the inner side,
these by-pass grooves serve
to equalize the pressure on
the large piston before the by-pass grooves in the small
piston cylinder balance the pressures
at that end, The
large piston is thus brought into full balance regardless
of the condition of the reversing valve and related parts,
thereby preventing rebound of the main valve and
vibration,
The piston reversing valve is a multiple
device (similar to the main valve) consisting of four
pistons of the same size except the upper piston which
is slightly smaller (see Fig.
3). A port z through the
piston valve equalizes the pressures
at each end and the
DESCRIPTION
difference in size of the end pistons is such as to com-
pensate for
the weight of the reversing valve and rod so
that these parts are always in balance,
Chamber B between
the two upper pistons is
in communication with the exhaust port e, Chamber K,
between the two lower. pistons is
at all times connected
to the steam inlet passage a, The reversing valve cap
serves as a bush for the upper piston and permits re-
moval of
the reversing valve,
Relief valves
155 (section B-B) and 156, Fig. 3,
which are constructed as shown by the small section
at
the foot of Fig. 3, are for the purpose of preventing ex-
cessive pressure development in the low pressure air
cylinder, due to leakage
past the high pressure or inter-
mediate discharge valves which might otherwise interfere
with normal operation of the compressor.
Old and New Standard Air Compressors
The preceding description applies to the two new
standard
81/2" air compressors which are intended for
use with steam pressures up
to 300 and up to 400 pounds
as already stated. The principal difference between the
present standard and the former standard compressor
steam pressures up to 275 pounds)
is that the new
compressors employ materials suitable for the
steam pressures and temperatures,
and new type top
heads. A piston type reversing valve performs the same
function as the slide valve
type but is subject to less
friction, resulting in less strain
on the reversing valve
rod
and insuring better performance. The main valve
in the new top head is of one piece construction and the
small end piston is
the same size as the intermediate

~
• ~
DESCRIPTION
17
pistons. The use of a bushed cover for the large piston
end, and a flat cover for the small piston end makes
it
possible to apply the main valve without danger of
breaking the rings since all rings can be observed.
The diagrammatic views, Plates 1 and 2, represent
the new
standard compressors but the slide valve revers-
ing valve is shown
by small supplementary views, and
the section
of this pamphlet under "Operation" applies
equally to both the old and the new standard com-
pressors.
lOY2" CROSS COMPOUND AIR COMPRESSOR
The use of compressed air in the industrial field
has been
so widely extended that the 10%" cross com-
pound compressor was developed for this particular
service, where ordinarily, steam is not available
at the
high pressure used in railway braking service, and the
air pressures used are not
so high.
The' 10%" compressor operates on the relatively
Imy
steam pressure of 100 pounds, with a normal displace-
ment of 150 cubic feet
of air at 80 pounds pressure. The
air cylinders are not water jacketed and no intercooler is
required.
In all essential details this compressor follows
the same general design as
that of the 8%" compressor
previously described.
General
data covering the principal dimen::;ions,
weight, etc.,
of the 10%" compressor is given on page 32.
General Instruetions for the installation and care of
10%" compressors in industrial service are eovered by
Fig. 6. Sectional Assembly View of the Old Standard 8%" Air
Compressor with Slide Valve Type Reversing Valve Descriptive Leaflet No. 2341.

OPERATION of C. C. Air Compressors
See Diagrammatic Views, Plates 1 and Z
When the high pressure steam piston 7 has nearly
completed its up stroke, the reversing valve plate
18
comes in contact with the shoulde.r on the reversing rod
21, forcing this rod
to its uppermost position, carrying
with it reversing valve 22, the movement of which, in
turn, not only blanks passage tn, thereby cutting off
means of exhausting steam from chamber N on the face
of
the large piston, but also opens passage n, filling this
with live steam from steam inlet passage
a.
The pressure thus exerted on the face of the large piston
added to the pressure on
the inner side of the small
1, is now greater than the pressure exerted against
the inner side of the large piston, and the piston valve
moves toward the left, or in the direction of chamber
E.
The small end piston cylinder bush is provided with
elongated grooves. These grooves have been considered
for the sake of simplicity as combined into one groove, p.
As the piston valve moves toward the left and uncovers
these grooves, live steam from chamber A by-passes to
chamber E back of the small end piston.
At the instant
these grooves are cut
off by the further movement of the
piston, port a leading to the exhaust is also blanked
which enables the small piston to. compress the steam
in chamber E, thus providing a high cushioning pressure.
This movement of
the main valve piston admits steam,
through passage
c, to the upper end of the high pressure
steam cylinder, starting the high pressure steam piston
18
OPERA'rTON
HI
on its downward stroke. All parts have now assumed the
position shown
in Plate l.
A direct communication is now established where-
by live steam
is supplied through passage a, chamber A',
and passage c to the upper end of the high pressure steam
cylinder, downward the high pressure steam pis-
ton 7 and low pressure air piston
9, which are rigidly
connected by a piston rod. The movement of the
valve to left, as described above, has
g to passage f through chamber F, thus permitting
steam in the lower end of the high pressure steam cyl-
inder to into the lower end of the
low pressure
steam cylinder under piston
8. The latter cylinder being
of materially larger volume
than the former, it will be
seen
that the steam is thereby made to do its work ex-
pansively
in the low pressure steam cylinder. At the
same
time-
(a) the low pressure air piston 9 is compressing
air
in the lower end of the low pressure air cylinder
and forcing same through the intermediate valves
40 and passage ttt into the lower end of the high
pressure air cylinder under piston
10, and-
(b) air at atmospheric pressure is being drawn
into the upper end of the
low pressure cylinder,
through the air strainer, upper inlet opening, and
past inlet valve
37.
It will be observed that the steam exhausted into the
lower end of the low pressure steam cylinder and
the
low pressure air forced into the lower end of the
pressure
air
sides of their pIstons.
results in an
on the lower
The force thus exerted
,.,

:;!f)
CROSS COMPOUND AIR COMPRESSORS
and high pressure air pistons. The upward movement
causes the high pressure air
10 to compress the
air in the upper end
of the high pressure air cylinder to
its final pressure, and to discharge
it through passage v,
discharge valve 41, and through passage tv into the
main reservoir. Steam is exhausted from the upper end of
the
low pressure steam cylinder through passage d,
chamber D and'passage e to the atmosphere.
After the low pressure steam piston 8 has completed
its upward stroke, as explained, the lower end of the
pressure air cylinder,
is of course, filled with air
compressed from the lower end of the low pressure air
and the lower end of the low pressure steam
is filled with steam exhausted from the lower
end of the high pressure steam cylinder. However,
just
as the low pressure steam piston 8 has completed its
upward stroke, steam
is by-passed through three by-pass
grooves x from the lower to the upper side of this piston,
thereby preventing an accumulation
of back pressure
in the lower end
of the high pressure steam cylinder.
At this stage of the cycle, also, the upper end of the
low pressure air cylinder is filled with air at atmospheric
pressure and the upper end of the high pressure steam
is filled with live steam; but just before the
pressure steam piston 7 completes its downward
valve plate 18 engages the button end of the
reversing valve rod, moving
it downward and carrying
the reversing valve to its extreme lower positioll, thereby
closing passage n, cutting off the supply of live steam to
chamber N, and connecting passage
tn, cavity Band
passage b, thereby exhausting steam from chamber N
on the faee of the large main valve piston. Since the
OPEHATION
21
pressure against the inner side of the large piston IS
now greater than the pressure exerted against the inner
side of the small piston
1, the piston valve moves to the
or in the direction
of chamber N, and all parts are
in the position shown in Plate 2.
Live steam is now supplied from passage a, through
chamber A, and passage g, to the lower end of the high
pressure steam cylinder, forcing upward the high pres-
sure steam piston 7 which, as already explained, carries
with
it the low pressure air piston 9. At this time also,
steam
is exhausted from the upper end of the high pres-
sure steam cylinder, through passage
c, chamber D and
passage
d, into the upper end of the low pressure steam
At the same time--
the low pressure air piston 9 is compressing
the air in the upper end of
the low pressure air cylin-
der and forcing same past the intermediate valves
39 and through passage u into the upper end of the
high pressure air cylinder,
and-
(b) air at atmospheric pressure is drawn into
the lower end of the low pressure air cylinder,
through the air strainer, lower inlet opening, past the
lower inlet valve 38 and through ports s
Again it will be ob:served that the steam in the low
pressure steam cylinder and air in the
air cylinder act simultaneously
pistons, steam being exhausted from the upper end
of
the high pressure steam cylinder through passage c,
chamber D and passage d, to the upper end of the low
pressure steam cylinder, in which
it acts expansively on
the
low pressure steam piston. At the same time steam
is exhausted from the lower end of the low pressure
"

~2
CI{OSS COMI'OUl'<() .~m COMPRESSORS
steam cylinder, through passage /, chamber F and pas-
sage
e, to the atmosphere. The downward movement of
the low pressure steam piston causes the high pressure
air piston to compress the air in the lower end of the
high pressure air cylinder, to its final pressure, for'cing
same through passage
v' past discharge valve 42, and
through passage w' into the main reservoir.
When the pistons have moved as explained, the. low
pressure steam piston 8 has completed its downward
stroke; the upper
~nd of the high pressure air cylinder
is filled with air compressed from the upper end of the
low pressure air cylinder; and
the upper end of the low
pressure steam cylinder is filled with steam exhausted
from the upper end of the high pressure steam cylinder.
However,
just before the low pressure steam piston has
completed its downward stroke, steam is by-passed
through the three by-pass grooves x' from the upper to
the lower side of the low pressure steam piston, thereby
preventing an.accumulation of back pressure in the upper
end of the- high pressure steam cylinder.
At this stage of
the cycle also, the high pressure steam piston 7 has
completed its upward stroke; the lower end of the low
pressure air cylinder is filled with air
at atmospheric
pressure; and the lower end of the high pressure steam
cylinder is filled with live steam. Here again the com-
pressor is reversed, by means of the reversing valve plate
attached to the high pressure steam piston coming in
contact with the shoulder of the reversing valve rod,
which in turn, actuates the reversing valve, and the cycle
of operation already described is repeated.
The function of the relief valves as shown above inlet
valve 37 and under intermediate discharge valve 40,
23
OPERATION
Plates 1 and 2, is'to relieve the pressure acting on the low
pressure air piston, should
it exceed the normal amount
due to back leakage
past the intermediate discharge
valves.
In the event of the development of excessive
pressure, valve
158 is unseated against the force of spring
161, which opens a passage between the air cylinder and
the exhaust
port in the relief valve body. Spring 161 i,.s
adjusted to a slightly higher pressure than that normally
developed in
the low pressure air cylinder, and the relief
valve will thus prevent the accumulation of pressure
which might interfere with normal operation of the com-
pressor.
-,
Lower Intermediate
Valve Cage with
Upper Inlet Valve Chamber Cap
Relief Valve
with Relief Valve
Fig. 7. Sectional Views of the Relief Valves

..,
Fig .. 8. Photographic Views of the Filter Unit and the
Complete Type "G" Air Filter
Fig. 9. Sectional Assembly View of the Type "G"
Air Filter
TYPE "G" AIR FILTER
The Type "0" Air Filter is of the "cartridge type"
which permits removal of the filter unit without the
necessity
of dismounting or disconnecting from the air
compressor. Fig.
8, illustrates the filter unit and the
exterior of the air filter, while Fig. 9
is a seetional as-
sembly view showing the construction.
The inlet opening
is formed in the under side of the
cover 2 as
an annular ring around the casing 11. As the
air enters tht'l opening,
it passes upward and inward to
the inside of
the casing where it strikes a baffle and is
directed downward before passing through the filter unit
into the discharge opening. Some of the heavier
of dirt are carried downward and
deJXlsited at the bottom
of the casing cavity.
The cover is centrally threaded for the pipe connec-
tion to the air compressor, and
is also provided with two
mounting lugs tapped for % inch studs for mounting
purposes. The casing
is of pressed steel and is attached
to the cover by means of tie bolt
3, washer 12 and nut 10.
The casing houses the filter unit and acts as a dirt cham-
ber. In the bottom are several small holes to permit
drainage of moisture from this chamber. To dismantle
the air filter for cleaning or replacing the filter unit,
it
is necessary to remove the cotter and nut from the end
of the tie bolt to release the casing, and then a second
cotter and
nut from the tie bolt to the spring
retainer assembly
and the filter unit.
filter unit comprises a corrugated and radial wire
mesh assembly, covered with a layer of thick felt so con-
25

26
CROSS COMPOUND All-{ COMPRESSOHS
structed that the actual filtration area is many times till'
inlet or outlet passage areas. This unit is also provided
with large washers on each end to seal on shoulders
surrounding the outlet passage on
the upper end and
with the eage on
the lower end.
No. 54 AIR STRAINER
As will be seen from Figs.
10 and 11, this is a very largr-
double cylindrical strainer
(overall dimensions approxi-
mately 1O"xI4") with an in-
of
outer strainer of coarse gal-
vanized wire mesh, the in-
tervening space being well
packed with curled hair. A
galvanized iron shell encir-
cles the
stminer proper, pre-
venting dirt, oil
and water
from directly against
the strainer and thereby re-
the possibility of
trouble from clogging.
The
strainer may be quickly and
conveniently t a
ken apart,
without disturbing any pipe '
connections, by removing the
nuts from the four studs. Fig.
10. Sectional View of
the No. 54 Air Strainer
AIR STRAINER
27
In order to facilitate cleaning of the strainer be-
tween "shoppings" of
the locomotive, some roads use a
"blow-back" arrangement, as illustrated in Fig.
12. This
consists of a pipe connected to
the main rp"prV()l
not to the discharge pipe), in
placed a
%," cut-out cock having a warning port
from the outer end of the key into the cored passage
so that a small amount of air will discharge when the
cock is open and thereby help to guard against it being
left open.
The cock is placed near the point at which
this connection
to the main reservoir supply is made
so as
to reduce the liability of delay in case of pipe
breakage beyond the cock. A tee is substituted for
the
ell at the strainer, and the
an ell to the tee opening
upward so
that the blast of air will be downward into
the strainer.
To use the blow-back merely requires
opening the %" cock for a
few seconds at any time when
main reservoir pressure is
at maximum and the com-
pressor is
shut off.
Fig. ll. Disassembled View of the No. 54 Air Strainer
l

tt~fSt: ~g
~o~~ ~t>
~~~~ ,~~--r:~:::-~.:.::-\
!~~~ <as: :
~~ffig fib :
~~~~ 58 :
~=~! ~. I
~~8~ :;~
g~05 5~
5~j§ ~~
qx~~ x:~
ag~rz 8~
a: \I) « ... V)
~~:t;S ~
z
'<
:>
~
~
~
~
l::
Ii:
' ..
28
"
.;3
.....
::0
o
'ell
C
·s
~
D
...
.a
.,
"l:I
..
e
"
8
o
.,
c
o
" Iii ., C
::0 .-
C e
-w
'Cl""
"",
8 .
" 0
1!'Z
f
...
..
:::.=
<>
..
.0
~
~
'ell
C
.~
..c
[Jj
N
....
'ell
ii:
Valve
Cage
Seat Seat
Air Valves, Seats and Cages
Replacements with Westinghouse valves, cages and seats are
easily accomplished. Cages and seats are cut from special
grades of steel, each piece made to exact dimensions and the
threads, seats, etc., individually checked to insure correct valve
lift.
Air valves are forged from a special grade of steel bars
and then oil tempered to produce 'a uniform structure. They
are individually checked for correct alignment of seat and
wings. The seats are spherically ground so that when
valve is applied to a compressor, it immediately
line
bearing fit without any wearing in.
29
,.,

8Yz" Compressors-General Data
8%"-150 8%"-120
Diameter of High Pressure Steam Cyl. 8% in. 8% in.
Diameter of Low Pressure Steam Cyl. 14% in.
14 in.
Diameter of High Pressure Air Cyl.. 9 in. 8y.; in.
Diameter of Low Pressure Air Cyl.... 14% in.
13Ys
in.
Length of Stroke.................... 12
in.
12
in.
Steam Admission Pipe............... 1 Y4
in.
114"
in.
Steam Exhaust Pipe................. 1% in.
l1h
in.
Air Admission Pipe.................. 2 in. 2 in.
Air Delivery
Pipe.................... 1% in. 1% in.
*Designed for
Steam Pressure of .... 200
lbs. 160 lbs.
Working an Air Pressure of .. 140
lbs.
140
lbs.
Normal Speed, single strokes per minute,
under above conditions ........... 131 131
Displacement, cubic feet per minute,
under above conditions ........... 150 120
Overall Dimensions: Height. . . . ... 54U in. 54y.;
in.
(Approximate) Width. . . . . . .. 37
in.
37 in.
Depth........ 18~i
in.
18Ys
in.
Approximate Net Weight. ........... 1475
Ibs. 1475 lbs.
Average Weight, boxed for shipment.1700 lbs. 1700
lbs.
~,
Lift for Air Valves.................. tt',z in. 3r!' in.
·NOTE-All 8¥.{' air compressors are designed to operate at.
approximately 131 single strokes per minute with saturated stearn
pressure of 200 pounds for the 8'h"-150 and 160 pounds for the
8'h"-120 compressor. For higher boiler stearn pressures, or where
stearn and air conditions are such as to cause excessive speed of
the compressor, It is recommended that a choke fitting be installed
in the stearn inlet connection. The proper size choke will be speci-
fied upon application to our nearest district office.
Maximum allowable stearn pressures are:-275 pounds for the
former standard 81 h"-150 and 8'h"-120 compressor$, 300 pounds for
the 8'h"-150-D and 8'h"-120-D compressors, and 400 pounds for the
8'h"-150-9 compressor.
30
"
SIZE OF GOVERNOR, STEAM
VALVE AND PIPING FOR TWO COMPRESSOR
LOCOMOTIVE INSTALLATION
8%"-150 and 8%,'-120
Governor lY2 in.
Steam Valve ...................... . 1% in.
Steam Admission Pipe
Main ................... . 1% in.
Branch .................. . 1
y.; in.
Steam Exhaust Pipe
Main Pipe ................... . 2% in.
Branch Pipe .................. . 1% in.
Air Admission Pipe See Fig.
13
Air Delivery
Main
Pipe .................... . 2 lll.
Branch Pipe .................. . 1% in.
10%"
Compressor
Governor 1% in.
Steam Valve ................................. . 1% in.
Steam Admission Pipe
Main Pipe ............................... . 1%
In.
Branch Pipe ............................. . 1% in.
Steam
Exhaust Pipe
Main ....................... . 3 in.
Branch .................... " . " 2% in.
Air Admission Pipe
2" pipe
to strainers, or 2%" if
of pipe to
strainer exceeds 5 feet.
Air Delivery Pipe
Main Pipe
.......................... . 2 in.
Branch Pipe ............................. . 1% in.
NOTE-Compressor Plants for Industrial servIce are illustrated
by Installation Diagrams in Instruction Leaflet No. 2341.
31

lOYz" Compressors-General Data
Diameter of High Pressure Steam Cylinder ..... .
Diameter of Low Pressure Steam Cylinder ..... .
Diameter of High Pressure Air Cylinder ....... .
Diameter of Low Pressure Air Cylinder ........ .
Length of Stroke ............................. .
Steam Admission Pipe ......................... .
Steam Exhaust Pipe .......................... .
Air Admission Pipe ........................... .
Air Delivery Pipe ............................. .
Designed for Steam Pressure of ............... .
Working against an Air Pressure of .... , ...... ,.
Normal Speed single strokes per minut~, under
above conditions .......................... .
Displacement, cubic feet per minute, under above
conditions ......................... ' ... , .. .
Overall Dimensions: Height ................ .
(Approximate) Width .............. ',.
Depth ................ .
Approximate Net Weight. ................. , ... .
Average Weight, boxed for shipment. .......... .
Lift of Air Valves: Intermediate .............. .
Suction .. ' ............ .
Discharge .......... , ..
32
10%
16%
9%
14%
12
1%
2%
2%
1%
100
80
131
150
55%
42
'21
1825
2075
%
:fu
in
in.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
in.
m.
in.
lbs.
lbs.
in.
m.
m.
lbs.
lbs.
in.
m.
in.
~
INSTALLATION AND OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
PIPING. All pipes should be hammered to loosen the
scale and dirt, have fins removed, and be thoroughly
blown out with steam before erecting; bends should be
used wherever possible instead
of ells, and all sags
avoided. A suitable compound to make a
tight joint
should be applied on the male threaded portion only, and
never in the socket. Do not use red or white lead.
Figs.
13 and 14 show the recommended arrangement
and sizes of piping for one
8%" compressor and also
for a two
8V2" compressor installation. The size of the
steam supply pipe may be reduced one size when a choke
fitting in the steam inlet
is required to limit the com-
pressor speed, as explained by notes under the installa-
tion diagrams. This applies to the branch pipes only in
a two compressor installation. (The
lOV2" compressor
being essentially an industrial compressor, the instal-
lation diagrams are not included with this pamphlet).
*In a single compressor installation the governor
should be located in the steam supply pipe between the
lubricator connection
and the compressor in order to in-
sure its receiving the necessary lubrication. The lubri-
cator connection consists of a tee, the side outlet
of
which connects to the lubricator. In a two-compressor
installation the governor should be located in the main
steam supply pipe between the lubricator fitting
and the
steam branch pipe leading to each compressor.
• NOTE-\\'here the "F-l-A" Mechanically Operated Lubricator
is used, these instructions do not apply. See section of this pamph-
let covering the "F-l-A" Lubricator,
33

•
H CROSS COMPOUND AIR COMPRESSORS
The suction filter or strainer should be installed
vertically, as shown in the various illustrations, and
bolted under
the running board at some protected point
where the cleanest and driest air
is available-never
where a probable steam leak may saturate the air at the
intake. Only one suction strainer is required per com-
pressor and this
may be connected to the two inlet open-
ings
by piping or by means of a Single Air Inlet Fitting.
STARTING AND RUNNING. The drain cocks ar2
placed
at the lowest points of the steam passages, as
shown, for the purpose of draining condensed steam when
the compressor is stopped and when
starting it. They
should always be left open when the compressor is to
stand idle for any length of time. These drain cocks are
provided with suitable union fittings,
so that drain pipes
may be connected if desired.
In starting the compressor, always run it slowly until
it becomes warm, permitting the condensed steam tAl
escape through the drain cocks and the exhaust, until
there
is sufficient pressure in the main reservoir (25 to
30 pounds) to provide
an air cushion. Then close drain
cocks and open the steam (throttle) valve sufficiently to
run the compressor
at the proper speed, according to cir-
cumstances. Racing or running
at excessive speeds
should
not be allowed. The compressor governor auto-
matically controls the
starting and stopping of the com-
pressor.
To STOP THE COMPRESSOR. 0) Close the feed and
steam valves on the sight-feed lubricator, if the com-
pressor has a separate one, or the feed, if supplied
from·
the locomotive lubricator; (2) then close the steam
(throttle) valve; (3) and open all the drain cocks on the
~
35
I:-iSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
compressor. Keep the steam valve closed and the drain
cocks open when the compressor is
not working. The
main reservoir drain cocks should also be left open when
the compressor is stopped for
any length of time. The
compressor should always be stopped while the locomo-
tive
is over the ash pit. If permitted to run, ashes and
dust will be drawn into the air cylinder and injure it,
besides clogging up the air strainer.
LUBRICATION. On account of the high temperatures
developed
by air compression, the variation between
maximum and minimum delivered air pressures, and the
necessity of preventing oil from passing into the system,
one of the vital problems
in efficient compressor oper-
ation
is to provide a simple means for supplying lubrica-
tion to the air compressor in proper
quantity and at·
regular intervals. Non-automatic methods may be em-
ployed
and satisfactory results obtained as long as care
and attention are exercised to provide
just enough lubri-
cation to keep the compressor in a properly lubricated
condition,
but experience has shown that this is very
difficult to obtain.
The ideal method is obviously that
which involves feeding the proper amount of lubricating
oil during each cycle of the pistons and causing this feed-
ing of oil to cease when the compressor stops operating.
These
"automatic" requirements are fully satisfied by
the Type (IF-J-A'' Mechanically Operated Lubricator,
with which the only manual operation necessary is that
of filling with oil at the required intervals.
See section beginning on page
43 for description,
operation, etc., of the "F-I-A" Lubricator.
While the Type
"F -I-A" Lubricator is regularly sup-
plied with cross compound air compressors, many com-

Air filter
Radiating Pipe between Reservolr$On ~ET" Equip-
ment. Other equipments Main Reservoir connection at
Brake Val'le.
If'' Steam Valve
loo.ne On Engineer's side of Stea"m Turret. with
handle in convenient position for operation. Use
edension handle if necessary to
b'icing same close to handle.
accomplish this,
The three t:ont'lee~lol"lli Qr mls Tee and at least one foot
of the Steam Pipe ad)i.1C~nt to Tee must lie horizontally.
The horizontal branches from Tee to the Compressors should
be equal in length. thiS 1& necessary
distribution to the Comoreasol'S.
~;
x:('
I
"G" Air Filter
of the studs to either the COmpressor Or other
substantial support so as to relieve the Intake
Pipe of all unnecessary vibration and wear.
Use Independent D!scharge Pipes of standard size and
length and connect to Main Reservoir through a "y" Fitting
and a short 2 inch extra strong pipe nipple.
2"'
..... Pipe Air Discharge
C. Air Compressors
Pipe E.haust
Fig. 13. Installation Diagram of Twoiir/2" Cross Compound Air Compressors
NOTE-When a choke fitting in the'steam inrlt is required to limit compressor speed to the
normal rate, it is satisfactory to usllVl inch pipe for the steam supply branch lines
instead of 1)4 inch pipe as indicated ()u the diagram,

..
..
.c
~
,
'O! :i:
Q !II ~
JNSTALLATION AND OP(';l{A'rING INSTRUCTIONS ;:!.
L': 'tI
o •
..
~ >
. e
~
~ a
~
pressors in service are equipped with the Type "B-3"
c
11"'0
o Ef
~
..cOl
c
" ..
.'
'"
c32~
... ~
Automatic Air Cylinder Oil
~ '5
"
~
.c
- ,.
c .,
o >
... >
.c .. ~
e
~
~
~
:8 ~~-IN
- 0 . :0 ..,
-.5
The construction and operation of the automatic oil
~
$ .. ~N
" ~
....
~a:
~ an IV
g
~ ~ a ~
...
... c cup are very simple, as will be evident from the sectional
c c "
~
o
W' Q. cu u..
c.;.::
: Ie
U
o~g" .,
If)
:;
Fig. 15. There is an oil chamber a which is
~ :l:
~ ~.~
E
c5
: ~ § :c
'"
......
~
c-
u ." " .,0.
~ ~
.. E
0.
~
-" ..
filled from the top when the cap nut 5 is removed. The
..
~~= ~ '" 0.
<.:J
.. 0 e ... ::I
~ ~
i ';:..-iN i c
0.. '5 a
cU.N~ ~ B ~
0.
.. '"
cap
nut is provided with a vent hole f so located that
",a
~
!l '0 4) Lr..
U
5 «
O~O:~
e e
c "
0. ; ~: ~
.. c ..
when the seal between the cap and body is broken the
._. Q iU
.:!
"'
0
ic
lQ. J:. "5 fj
~
" " u N g
~ ~
< -~
air pressure is vented to the atmosphere, thereby per-
~
L ..
~o
."
.., '5'"
CXl ,"!:: ...
c .-..c
mitting the filling operation to be performed while the
:= - ...
o 0 ..
0. ... 0 compressor
is running. The stem portion 3 of the
e ..,-
o Ill ..
2 has a central passage b communicating
at the bottom
,a.
eo
U with the pipe connection leading
to the air cylinder, and
'" ".0.
~ ~..c e
at the top with chamber a through the cavity in the
... '" ..
U .~,5 ~
cap nut. This passage has its top outlet on the side
so
~ t;...-4.!
,« _ ..,
.... ' c:
as to permit chamber a to be filled without possibility of
Q,}
C/C) ..... rI'l ~
::I..c pouring oil directly into the passage, which would defeat
- e ...
Q : B =
... c the very purpose of the lubricator.
(I) C""C
.. 0 ..
..c ......
.., ~ ~
c~·-
,-·z~
C 'CIl ... -
.g '3:;
..! ~.- ~
s ~.~.9-
.,..>: 0.
i .c
.= £t..=
~ .. g ~
'" ..
...
'"
c
E fti ~
"1"
. ..
_
,-
: 4i g
..... COl';:;'!:
Iii g.
.:c
IV
.,.;, 1! e;.
'00 E
: ~ ~
ii: ~ go
Wi ~ ; ;3
, I
-~ g ~ ~
>ll
\l 0. ¢I J:
\l _ C 0
E-<
.~,~"!: '; o
~ ~ ~ E Z
c c c u
(;) 0 '" e>
.! ~ .c ~
::; ._ g \0'1
Fig. 15. Exterior and Sectional Views of the Type B·3
.3 ~ .~ .r
Automatic Oil Cup
:~~