Ahlborn ALMEMO 500 User manual

- 1 –
Produktpräsentationsbild
www.ahlborn.com
ALMEMO®500
Supplementary
Instruction Manual
V7 technology
English
V1.1
15.11.2021
RTA6 Relay/Trigger/Analog Slide-in Module

- 2 –
1 Overall Illustration of the RTA6
Inverse LEDs
Active LEDs
ALMEMO®port sockets
WATCHDOG-LED
ON-LED
Coding switch

- 3 –
2 Table of Contents
1Overall Illustration of the RTA6 ............................................................... 2
2Table of Contents...................................................................................... 3
3Explanation of Symbols........................................................................... 4
4Product ...................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Function of the Relay/Trigger/Analog Slide-in Module ......................... 5
4.2 Requirements for the Use of the RTA6 Slide-in Module....................... 6
4.3 Connections for Relay, Trigger, andAnalog outputs ............................ 6
4.3.1 Relays........................................................................................... 7
4.3.2 Trigger inputs................................................................................ 8
4.3.3 Analog outputs.............................................................................. 8
5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module .................................................... 9
5.1 Connection of the Peripherals to the ALMEMO® Clamping Connector 9
5.2 Set the RTA6 Slide-in Module Address............................................... 10
5.3 Insert the RTA6 Slide-in Module into the Housing of the Data Logger10
5.4 Plug in the ALMEMO®Clamping Connector........................................11
5.5 Set the Port Assignment ......................................................................11
5.5.1 Open Port Settings......................................................................11
5.5.2 Set the Relay Port Assignment................................................... 12
5.5.3 Set the Trigger Port Assignment................................................. 15
5.5.4 Set the Analog Output Port Assignment..................................... 16
5.6 Enable or disable the Watchdog Function.......................................... 20
5.7 Remove RTA6 Slide-in Module from the Housing of the Data Logger21
6Technical Data......................................................................................... 22
7Declaration of Conformity...................................................................... 23
8Keyword Index ........................................................................................ 24

- 4 –
3 Explanation of Symbols
Safety note
!
Requirement
→
Request
Notice
➢
Result
3
Reference to the legend of the overall illustration of the
RTA6 (page 2)
Back
Text displayed within a software

- 5 –
4 Product
4.1 Function of the Relay/Trigger/Analog Slide-in Module
The relay/trigger/analog slide-in module ES 500 RTA6 is a universal trigger output
interface for the data logger ALMEMO®500, featuring up to
10 input /output interfaces (standard 4 solid-state relays (normally open contact)
and 2 trigger inputs, optionally featuring further relays and/or analog outputs.
On request: up to 10 solid-state relays or 10 galvanically isolated analog outputs).
Options
Option
Description
Article number
2 additional relays
(normally open (NO)
contact)
Per normally open (NO)
contact pair
OA500SH2
2 additional normally
closed (NC) contacts
(result in 2 change over (CO)
contacts in combination with
the normally open (NO)
contacts)
OA500OH2
2 analog outputs
(common ground)
Galvanically isolated, 10 V or
20 mA (programmable)
OA500R02
Possible combinations:
-2 x OA500SH2 (+ 4 relays)
-1 x OA500SH2 (+ 2 relays) + 1 x OA500R02 (+ 2 analog outputs)
-2 x OA500R02 (+ 4 analog outputs)
Port addresses
All 10 input / output interfaces of every module can be individually selected as
ports P0 to P9. The ports can be set via the ALMEMO®500 app or in Transparent
Mode via the data logger interface.
Power supply
The power for the RTA6 slide-in module will be supplied by the ALMEMO®500
data logger.

4Product
- 6 –
4.2 Requirements for the Use of the RTA6 Slide-in Module
The RTA 6 slide-in module can be used starting with software version
1.2.4 of the CPU card.
The measuring circuit boards must feature the revision number R3 or
higher. The revision number of the measuring circuit boards will be
displayed in the status display in the menu 3) Firmware (on the
running data logger press the right navigation key until the menu 3)
Firmware will be displayed. The revision number is listed behind the
measuring circuit board number (e.g.G00 R3)).
To be able to adjust the settings of the RTA6 slide-in module with the
ALMEMO®500 app, the software version of the app needs to be
V1.5.9 or higher.
4.3 Connections for Relay, Trigger, and Analog outputs
By default, the ports P0/1 and P2/3 are equipped with 4 solid-state relays normally
open (NO) contact (optionally change over (CO) contact) and port P8/9 is
equipped with 2 trigger inputs. The ports P4/5 and P6/7 can optionally be equipped
with analog outputs or with further solid-state relays.
ES 500-RTA6
1 2 3 3 2
1
x y
1 2 3 3 2 1
x y
1 2 3 3 2
1
x y
1 2 3 3 2 1
x y
1 2 3 3 2
1
x y
T9
TR-
TR+
U+
P8/9 Trigger inputs
P6/7 optional analog outputs
P6/7 optional analog outputs
A4
A5
+
-
U or I
-
+
U or I
R0
R1
R2
R3
P0/1 Relay normally closed
(NC) contact optional
P2/3 Relay normally closed (NC)
contact optional
T8
TR-
TR+
U+
A7
U or I
-
+
U or I
A6
+
-

4Product
- 7 –
4.3.1Relays
The output relays can directly be addressed via the data logger in case of an alarm
or via interface commands. The function of every relay can be configured
arbitrarily. The assignment of the limit value to the relay is programmable in the
sensor via the data logger.
By default, a short acoustic alarm will sound whenever a relay is activated. Using
inversion, the relay control can be set in such ways that the relays will normally pull
in and in case of alarm or power failure the relays will drop out.
In the following cases it is suggested to add a mains voltage /change over (CO)
contact relay (e.g. Phoenix PLC-RSC-24DC/21, 250V 6A):
-In case the current or voltage load is higher than 50 V, 0.5 A,
-For isolation purposes of the voltage side,
-For implementation purposes of an alarm in case of failure of the control
side (see image below)

4Product
- 8 –
4.3.2Trigger inputs
The trigger inputs P8 and P9 can be addressed via an optocoupler with a voltage
level of 4 V to 30 V. In case potential-free switching contacts are used, the
optocouplers must be wired-up according to the supply U+ and U- (see image
below). The trigger functions (starting or stopping a measurement) can be edge-
triggered or level-triggered . (see chapter 5.5.3 Set the Trigger Port Assignment).
4.3.3Analog outputs
Optionally a slide-in module can also be equipped with galvanically isolated analog
outputs that can feature the following signals:
Option
Output signal
Increase
OA 500-R02
0.000 V to +10.000 V
0.5 mV/digit
0.000 mA to20.000 mA
1 µA/digit
The output value normally corresponds to the measured value of a selectable
monitoring station. Alternatively it is possible that the analog value is preset as
control parameter via the interface (see chapter 5.5.4 Set the Analog Output Port
Assignment). The output signal can in any case be programmed as standard
output 0-10 V, 0-20 mA, 4-20 mA from arbitrary measuring range sections (see
chapter 5.5.4 Set the Analog Output Port Assignment).

- 9 –
5 How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
In case the RTA6 slide-in module was delivered together with the data
logger, the address of the RTA slide-in module is already preset and the
RTA slide-in module is plugged into a RTA appropriate slide-in location.
In case the RTA6 sot was delivered separately from the data logger
(e.g. because it was reordered), the address of the RTA slide-in module
must be set (see chapter 5.2 Set the RTA6 Slide-in module Address)
before the RTA6 slide-in module can be plugged into the data logger.
5.1 Connection of the Peripherals to the ALMEMO®
Clamping Connector
You can plug in ALMEMO®clamping connectors to the ALMEMO®sockets of the
RTA6-slide-in module, where previously the relay, trigger, or analog signals were
connected.
Never connect voltages higher than 50 V to a relay port.
Never connect voltages higher than 30 V to a trigger port.
Voltage and current outputs are mere output ports. Do not connect
any external voltage sources to these ports.
The relay, trigger, or analog signals must be connected to the provided ALMEMO®
clamping connector according to the following diagram:
Clamps
Port 0/1 relay
Port 2/3 relay
Port 4/5
analog
(opt)
Port 6/7
analog
(opt)
Port 8/9
trigger
y1
R1 NC contact
(optionally)
R3 NC contact
(optionally)
U+
y2
R1 Common
R3 Common
AO5 +
AO7 +
TR9+
y3
R1 NO contact
R3 NO contact
AO5 -
AO7 -
TR9 -
x3
R0 NO contact
R2 NO contact
AO4 -
AO6 -
TR8 -
x2
R0 Common
R2 Common
AO4 +
AO6 +
TR8+
x1
R0 NC contact
(optionally)
R2 NC contact
(optionally)
U -
NO=Normally Open, NC=Normally Closed

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 10 –
5.2 Set the RTA6 Slide-in Module Address
→In case the RTA6 slide-in module is plugged into the data logger, remove the
RTA6 slide-in module from the data logger housing, see chapter 5.7
Remove RTA6 Slide-in module from the Housing of the Data Logger.
→Turn the coding switch until the slit of the small wheel of the coding switch
points to the desired number.
The addresses of the individual RTA slide-in modules must be coded
in ascending order from 00 to 03. The first RTA slide-in module must
have the RTA slide-in module address 00.
Several RTA6 slide-in modules must not have the same RTA slide-in
module address.
In the ALMEMO®500 app, the RTA slide-in module will be named A0
to A3, depending on the RTA slide-in module address 00 to 03.
5.3 Insert the RTA6 Slide-in Module into the Housing of
the Data Logger
!The data logger must be switched off.
!The data logger must be disconnected from the power supply.
For the RTA6 slide-in module use the slide-in location next to the
slide-in location of the CPU card and the measuring circuit boards
(from the left to the right). If you want to use several RTA6 slide-in
modules, insert the RTA6 slide-in modules (RTA6 slide-in module
address ascending from left to right) into the slide-in locations of the
data logger.
3. Insert the RTA6 slide-in module into the data logger housing.
4. Fasten the knurled screws of the RTA6 slide-in module.
➢The ON-LED lights as soon as the data logger is switched on.
Example:
RTA slide-in module
address 01

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 11 –
5.4 Plug in the ALMEMO®Clamping Connector
!The data logger must be switched off.
1. Connect the peripherical devices to the ALMEMO®clamping connector (see
chapter 5.1 Connection of the Peripherals to the ALMEMO® clamping
connector).
2. Plug in the ALMEMO®clamping connector into the ALMEMO®sockets on
the RTA6 slide-in module. In doing so pay attention to the port allocation of
your RTA6 slide-in module and connect the ALMEMO® clamping connector
to the ALMEMO®socket with the appropriate port (relay/trigger/analog
output).
3. Switch on the data logger (see Instruction Manual ALMEMO® 500).
5.5 Set the Port Assignment
If you want to set the port assignment via the interface and not via
the ALMEMO®500 app, see supplementary Instruction Manual
ALMEMO®500 Transparent-Mode.
5.5.1Open Port Settings
1. In the Home screen of the app, tap on the button .
2. Tap on the arrow >in the line Device list.
3. Tap on the arrow >in the line of a measuring circuit board.
4. Tap on the arrow >in the line Output module.
5. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the RTA6 slide-in module , in which you
want to change the setting of a port.
6. Tap on the arrow >in the line Port list.
7. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the port you want to set.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 12 –
5.5.2Set the Relay Port Assignment
Relays close/open in case a limit value has been under-, respectively
overshoot at a specific measuring channel
By using the function Assigned, sourcing channel the relay can be
opened or closed as a limit value action of a measuring channel.
→In the measuring channel, in which the limit value action shall be the closing
respectively opening of the relay, set a maximum limit value and/or a
minimum limit value (see Instruction Manual ALMEMO®500).
→In the same measuring channel in the limit value action relay Max
respectively relay Min set the port address of the relay.
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Assigned, sourcing channel.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay will be displayed.
➢In case the maximum limit value has been overshot and/or the minimum
limit value has been undershot in the selected measuring channel the relay
will be closed and the Active LED of the port will light. In case of a sensor
break in the selected measuring channel, the relay will be closed as well and
the Active LED of the port will light.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
Relays close/open in case of a sensor break of a specific sensor
By using the function Assigned, sourcing channel the relay can be
closed or opened in case of a sensor break, even though no limit
values have been set in the sourcing channels.
→In the measuring channel of the sensor, whose sensor break shall be
indicated by closing respectively opening the relay, in the limit value action
relay Max or relay Min you need to set the port address of the relay.
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant .

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 13 –
9. Tap on assigned, sourcing channel.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay will be displayed.
➢In case of a sensor break in the selected measuring channel, the relay will
be closed and the Active LED of the port will light.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
Relays close/open in case of alarm within the data logger
By using the functionGroup alarm the relay will be closed
respectively opened when an alarm is active within the data logger
(e.g. limit value overshot, limit value undershot, or sensor break).
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Group alarm.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay will be displayed.
➢In case a limit value has been overshot, a limit value has been undershot, or
the sensor broke, the relay will be closed and the Active LED of the port
lights.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
Relays close/open in case of limit value overshot in the data logger
By using the function Group alarm Max the relay will be closed in
case the limit value Max of an arbitrary measuring channel is being
overshot in the data logger.
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Group alarm Max.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay is being displayed.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 14 –
➢In case the limit value Max is being overshot, the relay will be closed and the
Active LED of the port lights.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
Relays close/open in case of limit value undershot in the data logger
By using the functionGroup alarm Min the relay will be closed in
case the limit value Min of an arbitrary measuring channel is being
undershot in the data logger.
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Group alarm Min.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay is being displayed.
➢In case the limit value Min is being undershot, the relay will be closed and
the Active LED of the port lights.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
Open/close the relay manually
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Controlled.
➢Under this setting, the status of the relay is independent of the measuring
channels and measured values of the data logger.
10. Tap on the field next to Relay ,
-to check the box in case the relay shall close.
-to uncheck the box in case the relay shall open.
➢In case the box next to Relay is checked, the Active LED of the port lights.
➢In the line Contact the current status of the relay will be displayed.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 15 –
11. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
In case you want to close or open the relays manually, the Watchdog
function needs to be disabled.
Open/close relay via signal of the device interface
By using the functionControlled the relay will be closed whenever
the relay is being controlled via the device interface. The
closing/opening is then independent from the measuring channels
and the measured values of the data logger.
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Controlled.
➢In the line Contact the status of the relay will be displayed.
➢When the relay port is enabled via the device interface, the Active LED of
the port will light.
10. If you wish that the relay shall normally pull in and in case of alarm and
power failure the relay shall drop out, tick the checkbox next to Inversion.
The Inverse LED of the port will light when the port is inverted.
➢The control of the relay via the interface is only possible in Transparent
Mode (see Supplementary Instruction Manual ALMEMO®500 Transparent
Mode).
To monitor the control of the device interface, see chapter 5.6 Enable
or disable the Watchdog Function.
5.5.3Set the Trigger Port Assignment
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on the function you want to trigger via the trigger cable.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 16 –
By using the function Start-Stop the measurement will be started
respectively stopped as soon as a signal has been transmitted via
the trigger input to the data logger.
By using the function Start-St. level triggered the measurement will
be started as long as a signal is transmitted via the trigger input to
the data logger. The measurement will be stopped as soon as the
signal is no longer transmitted via the trigger input to the data logger.
Start execution of a macro with trigger signal
1. Tick the checkbox next to Macro execution.
2. Tap on the field next to Variant.
3. Tap on the macro you want to execute with the trigger signal.
4. Tap on the arrow >in the line Macros.
5. Tap on the field next to the macro you want to set.
6. Enter the ALMEMO®commands (in the format intended for that purpose)
that shall be carried out when the macro is executed (see Instruction Manual
2020 chapter 6.6.5 Macros).
7. Tap next to the field.
➢The macro will be executed as soon as a trigger signal is received by the
data logger via the port.
5.5.4Set the Analog Output Port Assignment
Transmit measured values of one specific measuring channel to the analog
output
1. In the home screen of the app tap on the button .
2. Tap on the arrow >in the line Device list.
3. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the measuring circuit board to which the
ALMEMO®sensor is connected, to which the measuring channel belongs
whose measured values are transmitted to the analog output.
4. Tap on the arrow >in the line Output module.
5. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the RTA6 slide-in module, in which you
want to establish the analog output.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 17 –
6. Tap on the arrow >in the line Port list.
7. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the port you want to set.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Assigned, sourcing channel.
10. Tap on the field next to Analog output assigned to this measuring circuit
board.
11. Tap on YES.
➢The lines Analog output and Channel will be displayed.
12. Tap on the field next to Channel.
13. Tap on the measuring channel whose measured values you want to transmit
to the analog output.
14. Tap on the field next to Type.
15. Tap on the type 0…10 Vor on the type 0…20 mA.
The type indicates to which current range respectively voltage range
the measured values of the measuring circuit boards should be
scaled when being transmitted.
➢In the line analog output the currently transmitted value is displayed.
In case no analog start and no analog end have been set in the
selected sourcing channel, for type 0 to 10 V 0.5 mV per digit will be
transmitted (e.g. for a measured value -20.4 °C, -0.102 V will be
transmitted). For type 0 to 20 mA, 1 μA per digit will be transmitted
(e.g. for a measured value 30.2 °C, 0.302 mA will be transmitted).
In case the measured values shall be scaled to 4 to 20 mA instead of
0 to 20 mA and transmitted that way, you need to make the
appropriate settings within the measuring channel, whose measured
values shall be transmitted.
Which measuring range shall be scaled to the selected power range
respectively voltage range and then be transmitted, can be set in the
measuring channel using the values Analog Start and Analog End as
will be explained in the following steps.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 18 –
16. Tap on Back until you reach the home screen.
17. In the home screen of the app, tap on the button .
18. Tap on the arrow >in the line Device list.
19. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the measuring circuit board, to which the
ALMEMO®sensor is connected to which the measuring channel belongs
whose measured values are transmitted to the analog output.
20. Tap on the arrow >in the line Sensor overview.
21. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the sensor, to which the measuring channel
belongs whose measured values shall be transmitted to the analog output
22. Tap on the arrow >in the line Sensor channels.
23. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the measuring channel, whose measured
values shall be transmitted as analog signal.
24. Tap on the arrow >in the line analog output.
25. Untick the checkbox in the line Locking 6.
➢The fields next to Analog Start and Analog End can be edited .
Analog start and analog end indicate the range of the measured
values that shall be scaled and transmitted as an analog signal to the
analog output. In case only a section of the measured range shall be
transmitted (e.g. -30.0 to 120.0 °C scale in 0-20 mA), the scope of
the area must at least amount to 100 digits (e.g. -30.0 to -20.0 °C
scale in 0-20 mA).
27. Tap on the field next to Analog start.
28. Enter the lowest value that shall be scaled and transmitted to the analog
output.
29. Tap on the field next to Analog end.
30. Enter the highest value that shall be scaled and transmitted to the analog
output.
31. In case you want to transmit the measured values in mA and the measured
values shall be scaled to 4 to 20 mA instead of 0 to 20 mA and transmitted

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 19 –
that way, you need to untick the checkbox next to Locking 1 and tick the
checkbox next to Analog output 4-20 instead of 0-20 mA.
In case the checkbox in the line analog output 4-20 instead of 0-20 is
ticked and the type 0 to 10 is set in the analog output, the selected
measuring range will be transmitted between analog start and analog
end, scaled to 2 to 10.
➢The measured value of the selected measuring channel will be transmitted
with the desired scaling to the analog output.
In case of a sensor break in the measuring channel, 0 V respectively
0 mA will be transmitted on the analog output.
In case of over range in the measuring channel, the maximum analog
output value will be transmitted (10 V or 20 mA).
Transmit manually set analog values to the analog output
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Controlled.
10. Tap on the field next to Analog output.
11. Enter the analog value that shall be transmitted on the analog output.
12. Tap next to the field.
➢The entered analog values will be transmitted on the analog output of the
selected port. In this setting, the analog value is independent from the
measuring channels and the measured values of the data logger.
If you want to transmit manually set analog values to the analog
output, the Watchdog function must be disabled. (see chapter 5.6
Enable or disable the Watchdog Function).
Transmit analog values that are preset by the interface to the analog output
→Follow the steps 1 to 7 in chapter 5.5.1 Open Port Settings.
8. Tap on the field next to Variant.
9. Tap on Controlled.

5How to use the RTA6 Slide-in Module
- 20 –
➢The control of the analog output via the interface is only possible in the
Transparent Mode (see Supplementary Instruction Manual ALMEMO®500
Transparent Mode).
5.6 Enable or disable the Watchdog Function
If the Watchdog function is enabled, all relays will drop out and all
analog outputs will transmit 0 V respectively 0 mA in case the control
of the data logger or the control of controlled relays or analog outputs
via the interface fails for one minute.
The Watchdog can be enabled for every RTA6-Einschub individually.
Enable the Watchdog function
1. In the Home screen of the app, tap on the button .
2. Tap on device list.
3. Tap on the arrow >in the line of a measuring circuit board.
4. Tap on the arrow >in the line output module.
5. Tap on the arrow >in the line of the RTA6 slide-in module, in which you
want to enable the Watchdog function.
6. Tick the checkbox next to Watchdog.
➢The Watchdog function is enabled.
➢In the line Watchdog Status “OK “will be displayed as long as the control
actions via interface or via measuring circuit board can be received at least
once per minute.
➢All relays will drop out and all analog outputs will transmit 0 V respectively
0 mA in case the control of the data logger or the control of controlled relays
and / or analog outputs via the interface fails for one minute.
➢In the line Watchdog Status ERROR will be displayed and the Watchdog
LED of the RTA6 slide-in module will light in case the control of the data
logger of the control of controlled relays via the interface fails for one minute.
The Watchdog Status ERROR will be displayed until the function has been
disabled and been enabled again (if required).