Allen-Bradley 857 User manual

857 Protection System
For Feeder and Motor Protection
Bulletin 857, Series A
User Manual

Solid-state equipment has operational characteristics differing from those of electro-
mechanical equipment. Safety Guidelines for the Application, Installation and
Maintenance of Solid-State Controls (Publication SGI-1.1 available from your local
Rockwell Automation sales office or online at http://literature.rockwellautomation.com)
describes some important differences between solid-state equipment and hard-wired
electromechanical devices. Because of this difference, and also because of the wide variety of
uses for solid-state equipment, all persons responsible for applying this equipment must
satisfy themselves that each intended application of this equipment is acceptable.
In no event will Rockwell Automation, Inc. be responsible or liable for any indirect or
consequential damages resulting from the use or application of this equipment.
The examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes.
Because of the many variables and requirements associated with any particular installation,
Rockwell Automation, Inc. cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use, based on
the examples and diagrams.
No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation, Inc. with respect to use of
information, circuits, equipment, or software described in this manual.
Reproduction of the contents of this manual, in whole or in part, without written
permission of Rockwell Automation, Inc. is prohibited.
Throughout this manual, when necessary we use notes to make you aware of safety
considerations.
WARNINGWARNING
Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can
cause an explosion in a hazardous environment, which may lead
to personal injury or death, property damage, or economic loss.
IMPORTANTIMPORTANT
Identifies information that is critical for successful application
and understanding of the product.
ATTENTIONATTENTION
Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can
lead to personal injury or death, property damage, or economic
loss. Attentions help you identify a hazard, avoid a hazard, and
recognize the consequences.
SHOCK HAZ ARDSHOCK HAZ ARD
Labels may be on or inside the equipment (for example, drive or
motor) to alert people that dangerous voltage may be present.
BURN HAZARDBURN HAZARD
Labels may be on or inside the equipment (for example, drive or
motor) to alert people that surfaces may reach dangerous
temperatures.
Important User
Information

Table of Contents
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 1 Overview Introduction ............................................................................. 1-1
Main Relay Features ................................................................1-1
User Interface ...........................................................................1-4
Operating Safety ..................................................................... 1-4
Chapter 2 Relay Front Panel ....................................................................2-1
Display ............................................................................. 2-1
Menu Navigation and Pointers ......................................... 2-3
Keypad ............................................................................. 2-3
Operation Indicators ......................................................... 2-4
Resetting Latched Indicators and Output Relays ............. 2-5
Adjusting Display Contrast .............................................. 2-5
Local Panel Options ................................................................ 2-5
Navigating in Menus ........................................................ 2-5
Main Menu ....................................................................... 2-7
Menu Structure of Protection Functions .......................... 2-9
Setting Groups ................................................................ 2-12
Fault Logs ....................................................................... 2-13
Operating Levels ............................................................ 2-14
Opening Access .............................................................. 2-15
Password Handling ......................................................... 2-15
Operating Measures .............................................................. 2-16
Control Functions ........................................................... 2-16
Measured Data ............................................................... 2-17
Reading Event Register .................................................. 2-20
Forced Control (Force) ................................................... 2-20
Configuration and Parameter Setting .................................... 2-21
Parameter Setting ........................................................... 2-22
Setting Range Limits ...................................................... 2-23
Disturbance Recorder Menu DR .................................... 2-24
Configuring Digital Inputs DI ........................................ 2-25
Configuring Digital Outputs DO .................................... 2-25
Protection Menu Prot ..................................................... 2-25
Configuration Menu CONF ........................................... 2-26
Protocol Menu Bus ......................................................... 2-29
Single Line Diagram Editing .......................................... 2-33
SetPoints PC Software .......................................................... 2-34
Local Panel User
Interface

ii Table of Contents
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 3 Protection Functions Maximum Number of Protection Stages ................................ 3-1
Protection Functions ............................................................... 3-1
General Features of Protection Stages .................................... 3-2
Setting Groups .................................................................. 3-2
Forcing Start or Trip Condition for Testing ..................... 3-2
Forcing Start or Trip Condition for Testing Purposes ...... 3-2
Start and Trip Signals ....................................................... 3-3
Output Matrix ................................................................... 3-3
Blocking ........................................................................... 3-3
Retardation Time .............................................................. 3-3
Reset Time (Release Time) .............................................. 3-4
Hysteresis or Dead Band .................................................. 3-5
Function Dependencies ........................................................... 3-5
Application Modes ........................................................... 3-5
Current Protection Function Dependencies ...................... 3-6
Overcurrent Stage I> (50/51) .................................................. 3-6
Three Independent Stages ................................................ 3-6
Inverse Operation Time .................................................... 3-6
Inverse Time Limitation ................................................... 3-7
Cold Load and Inrush Current Handling .......................... 3-7
Setting Groups .................................................................. 3-7
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ..................... 3-9
Directional Overcurrent Protection Idir> (67) ........................ 3-10
Four Independent Stages ................................................ 3-12
Inverse Operation Time .................................................. 3-12
Inverse Time Limitation ................................................. 3-12
Cold Load and Inrush Current Handling ........................ 3-12
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-12
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-15
Broken Line Protection I2/I1> (46R) ..................................... 3-15
Current Unbalance Protection I2> (46) ................................. 3-16
Inverse Delay ................................................................. 3-17
More Stages (Definite Time Delay only) ....................... 3-17
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-17
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-19
Incorrect Phase Sequence Protection I2>> (47) .................... 3-19
Stall Protection Ist> (48) ....................................................... 3-19
Frequent Start Protection N> (66) ........................................ 3-21
Undercurrent Protection I< (37) ........................................... 3-23
Directional Earth Fault Protection Idir> (67N) ...................... 3-23
Polarization .................................................................... 3-24
Modes for Different Network Types .............................. 3-24
Input Signal Selection .................................................... 3-25
Intermittent Earth Fault Detection .................................. 3-25
Two Independent Stages ................................................ 3-25
Inverse Operation Time .................................................. 3-26
Inverse Time Limitation ................................................. 3-26
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-26
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-29

Table of Contents iii
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Earth Fault Protection I0> (50N/51N) ................................... 3-30
Input Signal Selection .................................................... 3-31
Intermittent Earth Fault Detection .................................. 3-31
Four or Six Independent Undirectional Earth Fault
Overcurrent Stages ................................................... 3-31
Inverse Operation Time (I0> stage only) ........................ 3-32
Inverse Time Limitation ................................................. 3-32
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-32
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-35
Intermittent Transient Earth Fault Protection Iot> (67NT) .... 3-35
Direction Algorithm ....................................................... 3-36
I
0Pick-up Sensitivity ...................................................... 3-36
Co-ordination with U0> back-up Protection ................... 3-36
Co-ordination with Normal Directional Earth Fault
Protection based on Fundamental Frequency Signals ... 3-36
Auto Reclosing ............................................................... 3-37
Intermittent Time ........................................................... 3-37
Operation Time Setting and Actual Operation Time ..... 3-37
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-38
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-39
Capacitor Bank Unbalance Protection .................................. 3-40
Compensation Method ................................................... 3-41
Compensation and Location ........................................... 3-41
Zero Sequence Voltage Protection U0> (59N) ...................... 3-44
Measuring the Residual Voltage .................................... 3-44
Two Independent Stages ................................................ 3-44
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-44
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-45
Thermal Overload Protection T> (49) .................................. 3-46
Thermal Model ............................................................... 3-46
Time Constant for Cooling Situation ............................. 3-47
Heat Capacitance, Service Factor and Ambient Temp. ... 3-47
Example of a Behavior in the Thermal Model ............... 3-48
Initial Temperature Rise After Restart ........................... 3-48
Alarm Function .............................................................. 3-48
Overvoltage Protection U> (59) ........................................... 3-50
Three Independent Stages .............................................. 3-51
Configurable Release Delay ........................................... 3-51
Configurable Hysteresis ................................................. 3-51
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-51
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-52
Undervoltage Protection U< (27) ......................................... 3-53
Blocking during VT Fuse Failure ................................... 3-53
Self Blocking at Very Low Voltage ............................... 3-53
Three Independent Stages .............................................. 3-54
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-54
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-55
Reverse Power and Underpower Protection P< (32) ............ 3-56

iv Table of Contents
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Overfrequency and Underfrequency Protection f>, f<
(81H/81L) .................................................................... 3-57
Protection Mode for f>< and f><>< Stages ................... 3-57
Undervoltage Self Blocking of Underfrequency Stages .. 3-57
Initial Self Blocking of Underfrequency Stages ............. 3-57
Four Independent Frequency Stages .............................. 3-57
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-57
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-59
Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) Protection df/dt (81R) ..3-59
Frequency Behavior During Load Switching ................. 3-59
Description of ROCOF Implementation ........................ 3-60
ROCOF and Frequency Over and Under Stages ............ 3-60
Definite Operation Time Characteristics ........................ 3-60
Inverse Operation Time Characteristics ......................... 3-61
Synchrocheck Protection (25) ............................................... 3-63
Circuit-breaker Failure Protection CBFP (50BF) ................. 3-70
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-70
Programmable Stages (99) .................................................... 3-71
Eight Independent Stages ............................................... 3-73
Setting Groups ................................................................ 3-73
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-73
Arc Fault Protection (50ARC/50NARC) (optional) ............. 3-74
Three Stages for Arc Faults ............................................ 3-74
Light Channel Selection ................................................. 3-74
Binary Input ................................................................... 3-75
Binary Output ................................................................. 3-75
Delayed Light Indication Signal .................................... 3-75
Pick-up Scaling .............................................................. 3-75
Recorded Values of the Latest Eight Faults ................... 3-77
Inverse Time Operation ........................................................ 3-77
Stage Specific Inverse Delay .......................................... 3-77
Operation Modes ............................................................ 3-77
Local Panel Graph .......................................................... 3-78
Inverse Time Setting Error Signal .................................. 3-78
Limitation ....................................................................... 3-78
Standard Inverse Delays IEC, IEEE, IEEE2, RI ............ 3-80
IEC Inverse Time Operation .................................... 3-80
IEEE/ANSI Inverse Time Operation ....................... 3-83
IEEE2 Inverse Time Operation ............................... 3-86
RI and RXIDG type Inverse Time Operation .......... 3-88
Free Parametrisation using IEC, IEEE and IEEE2
Equations ................................................................. 3-90
Programmable Inverse Time Curves .............................. 3-91
Inverse Time Setting Error Signal .................................. 3-91
Limitations ..................................................................... 3-91
Chapter 3 Protection Functions
(cont.)

Table of Contents v
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 4 Supporting Functions Event Log ................................................................................4-1
Event Enabling/Masking .................................................. 4-1
Event Buffer Overflow ..................................................... 4-2
Disturbance Recorder ............................................................. 4-2
Triggering the Recorder ................................................... 4-2
Reading Recordings ......................................................... 4-2
Number of Channels ........................................................ 4-3
Cold Load Pick-up and Inrush Current Detection .................. 4-5
Cold Load Pick-up ........................................................... 4-5
Application for Cold Load Detection ............................... 4-5
Inrush Current Detection .................................................. 4-5
Application for Inrush Current Detection ........................ 4-5
Voltage Sags and Swells ......................................................... 4-7
Voltage Interruptions .............................................................. 4-8
Current Transformer Supervision ......................................... 4-10
Voltage Transformer Supervision ......................................... 4-11
Circuit Breaker Condition Monitoring ................................. 4-12
Breaker Curve and its Approximation ........................... 4-12
Setting Alarm Points ...................................................... 4-13
Clearing “Operations Left” Counters ............................. 4-14
Operation Counters to Monitor the Wearing .................. 4-14
Logarithmic Interpolation .............................................. 4-14
Example of the Logarithmic Interpolation ..................... 4-15
Example of Operation Counter Decrementing ............... 4-15
Energy Pulse Outputs ........................................................... 4-17
Scaling Examples ........................................................... 4-18
System Clock and Synchronization .......................................4-20
Adapting Auto Adjust .................................................... 4-20
Time Drift Correction Without External Sync ............... 4-20
Synchronization with DI ................................................ 4-22
Synchronization Correction ............................................ 4-22
Sync Source .................................................................... 4-22
Deviation ........................................................................ 4-22
Auto-Lag/Lead ............................................................... 4-23
Running Hour Counter ......................................................... 4-23
Timers ................................................................................... 4-24
Combined Overcurrent Status ............................................... 4-25
Self-Supervision ................................................................... 4-27
Diagnostics ..................................................................... 4-27
Earth-Fault Location ............................................................. 4-29
Algorithm Functions ...................................................... 4-29

vi Table of Contents
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 5 Measurement Functions Measurement Accuracy ...........................................................5-1
RMS Values ............................................................................ 5-2
RMS Currents ................................................................... 5-2
RMS Voltages .................................................................. 5-2
Harmonics and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ................. 5-3
Demand Values ....................................................................... 5-3
Minimum and Maximum Values ............................................ 5-4
Maximum Values of the last 31 days and 12 months ............. 5-5
Voltage Measurement Mode ................................................... 5-5
Power Calculation ................................................................... 5-6
Device Connected to Line-to-Line Voltages .................... 5-6
Device Connected to Line-to-Neutral Voltages ............... 5-7
Direction of Power and Current .............................................. 5-8
Symmetric Components .......................................................... 5-9
Primary, Secondary and Per Unit Scaling ............................ 5-12
Current Scaling ............................................................... 5-12
Per Unit [pu] Scaling ...................................................... 5-13
Voltage Scaling ..................................................................... 5-15
Per Unit [pu] Scaling of Line-to-Line Voltages ............. 5-16
Chapter 6 Control Functions Output Relays ..........................................................................6-1
Digital Inputs .......................................................................... 6-2
Virtual Inputs and Outputs ...................................................... 6-4
Output Matrix ......................................................................... 6-5
Blocking Matrix ...................................................................... 6-6
Controllable Objects ............................................................... 6-6
Object States ..................................................................... 6-7
Basic Settings for Controllable Objects ........................... 6-7
Output Signals of Controllable Objects ........................... 6-7
Settings for Read-only Objects ........................................ 6-8
Controlling with DI .......................................................... 6-8
Local/Remote Selection ................................................... 6-8
Auto-Reclose Function (79) ................................................... 6-9
Manual Closing .............................................................. 6-10
Manual Opening ............................................................. 6-10
Reclaim Time Setting ..................................................... 6-10
Support for 2 Circuit Breakers ....................................... 6-11
Blocking of AR Shots .................................................... 6-11
Starting AR Sequence .................................................... 6-11
Starting Sequence at Shot 2-5 & Skipping of AR Shots .... 6-11
Critical AR Request ....................................................... 6-12
Shot Active Matrix Signal .............................................. 6-12
AR Running Matrix Signal ............................................ 6-12
Final Trip Matrix Signals ............................................... 6-12
DI to Block AR Setting .................................................. 6-12
AR Info for Mimic Display Setting ................................ 6-12
Logic Functions .................................................................... 6-16

Table of Contents vii
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 7 Communications Communication Ports ..............................................................7-1
Local Port ........................................................................ 7-1
Remote Port X9 ................................................................ 7-3
Extension Port .................................................................. 7-5
Optional 61850 Interface .................................................. 7-5
Communication Protocols ...................................................... 7-6
PC Communication .......................................................... 7-6
Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU........................................ 7-6
Probibus DP ..................................................................... 7-7
SPA-Bus ........................................................................... 7-9
IEC 60870-5-103 .............................................................. 7-9
DNP 3.0 .......................................................................... 7-11
IEC 60870-5-101 .............................................................7-12
TCP/IP ............................................................................ 7-14
External I/O (Modbus RTU master) ............................... 7-14
IEC 61850 ...................................................................... 7-14
DeviceNet ....................................................................... 7-14
Chapter 8 Applications Substation Feeder Protection .................................................. 8-1
Industrial Feeder Protection .................................................... 8-2
Parallel Line Protection .......................................................... 8-2
Ring Network Protection ........................................................ 8-4
Trip Circuit Supervision ......................................................... 8-4
Internal Parallel Digital Inputs ......................................... 8-4
Trip Circuit Supervision with One Digital Input .............. 8-5
Trip Circuit Supervision with Two Digital Inputs ........... 8-7
Chapter 9 Connections Rear Panel View ......................................................................9-1
Auxiliary Voltage ................................................................... 9-5
Serial Communication Connection .................................. 9-5
Pin Assignments of Communication Options .................. 9-7
Front Panel Connector .................................................... 9-10
Optional Two-Channel Arc Protection Card ........................ 9-11
Optional Digital I/O Card (DI19/DI20) ................................ 9-11
Block Diagrams .................................................................... 9-12
Block Diagrams of Option Modules ..................................... 9-13
Optional Arc Protection ................................................. 9-13
Connection Examples ........................................................... 9-14

viii Table of Contents
857-UM001A-EN-P – July 2009
Chapter 10 Technical Data Connections .......................................................................... 10-1
Measuring Circuitry ....................................................... 10-1
Auxiliary Voltage ........................................................... 10-1
Digital Inputs .................................................................. 10-2
Trip Contacts .................................................................. 10-2
Alarm Contacts ............................................................... 10-2
Local Serial Communication Port .................................. 10-3
Remote Control Connection ........................................... 10-3
Arc Protection Interface (Option) .................................. 10-3
Tests and Environmental Conditions .................................... 10-4
Disturbance Tests ........................................................... 10-4
Test Voltages .................................................................. 10-4
Mechanical Tests ............................................................ 10-4
Environmental Conditions .............................................. 10-4
Casing ............................................................................. 10-5
Package .......................................................................... 10-5
Protection Stages .................................................................. 10-5
Non-Directional Current Protection ............................... 10-5
Overcurrent Stage I> (50/51) ................................... 10-5
Overcurrent Stage I>> and I>>> (50/51) ................. 10-6
Stall Protection Stage (48) ....................................... 10-6
Thermal Overload Stage T> (49) ............................. 10-7
Unbalance Stage I2> (46) ......................................... 10-7
Incorrect Phase Sequence I2>> (47) ......................... 10-7
Undercurrent Protection Stage I< (37) .................... 10-7
Unbalance/broken Connector Protection I2/I1> (46R) 10-8
Earth Fault Stage I0> (50N/51N) ............................. 10-8
Earth Fault Stage I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>> (50N/51N) .. 10-9
Circuit-breaker Failure Protection ........................... 10-9
Directional Current Protection ..................................... 10-10
Directional Overcurrent Stages Idir> and Idir>> (67) . 10-10
Directional Overcurrent Stages Idir>>> and
Idir>>>> (67) ...................................................... 10-11
Directional Earth Fault Stages I0ϕ>, I0ϕ>> (67N) ... 10-12
Frequent Start Protection .............................................. 10-12
Frequent Start Protection N> (66) ......................... 10-12
Voltage Protection ........................................................ 10-13
Overvoltage Stages U>, U>> and U>>> (59) ........ 10-13
Undervoltage Stages U<, U<< and U<<< (27) ...... 10-13
Zero Sequence Voltage Stages U0> and U0>> (59N) .. 10-14
Frequency Protection ................................................... 10-14
Overfrequency and Underfrequency Protection .... 10-14
Underfrequency Stages f< and f<< ........................ 10-15
Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) Stage ..... 10-15