Alstom iSTAT M212 User manual

M2x2
(M212, M232)
Manual
iSTAT M2x2
Standard Measurement Centre
Publication Reference: M2x2/EN/M/F
M2x2 /EN/M/F © 2014. ALSTOM, the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM. The other names mentioned,
registered or not, are the property of their respective companies. The technical and other data contained in this document is provided for information only. Neither
ALSTOM, its officers or employees accept responsibility for, or should be taken as making any representation or warranty (whether express or implied), as to the
accuracy or completeness of such data or the achievement of any projected performance criteria where these are indicated. ALSTOM reserves the right to revise or
change this data at any time without further notice.
GRID

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iSTAT M2x2 Page 1
1. SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
1.1 Health and Safety
The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure
that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition.
It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with
the contents of the Safety Section.
1.2 Explanation of symbols and labels
The meaning of symbols and labels may be used on the equipment or in the product
documentation, is given below.
Caution: refer to product documentation Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective/safety *earth terminal Functional *earth terminal
Note: This symbol may also be used
for a protective/safety earth terminal if
that terminal is part of a terminal block
or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
*NOTE: The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the
direct equivalent of the North American term ground.

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2. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING
Equipment connections
Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment
should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product
documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the
equipment.
Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a
hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.
If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all
personnel to avoid electrical shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to
ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To ensure that
wires are correctly terminated the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be
used.
Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or
the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment.
Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard.
The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5mm2, unless otherwise stated in the
technical data section of the product documentation.
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
Voltage rating, frequency and polarity
VT ratio and phase sequence
CT circuit rating and integrity of connections;
Protective fuse rating;
Integrity of earth connection (where applicable)
Supply voltage

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3. EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS
The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits.
3.1 Current transformer circuits
Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high level voltage produced may be
lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
3.2 Insulation and dielectric strength testing
Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end of
each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge
capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
3.3 Opening Enclosure
There are no customer replaceable PCB cards or components within the enclosure, so the
enclosure should not be opened.
4. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL
Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across
the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards,
after completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any
dc supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external
terminals prior to decommissioning.
Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is
avoided. The product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any
products containing batteries should have them removed before
disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular
regulations within the country of operation, may apply to the disposal
of lithium batteries.

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5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
5.1 Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 6A,
Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the
product documentation.
Insulation class: IEC 61010-1 : 2002 Class II
EN 61010-1 : 2002 Class II
Insulation Category
(Over voltage):
IEC 61010-1 : 2002
Category II (600V), III (300V)
EN 61010-1 : 2002
Category II (600V), III (300V)
Environment: IEC 61010-1 : 2002
Pollution degree 2 (600V), 3
(300V)
EN 61010-1 : 2002
Pollution degree 2 (600V), 3 (300V)
Compliance is demonstrated by
reference to generic safety
standards.
Product Safety:
72/23/EEC & 2006/95/EC
EN 61010-1 : 2002
Compliance with the European
Commission Low Voltage
Directive.
Compliance is demonstrated by
reference to generic safety
standards.

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CONTENT
1. 1SAFETY SECTION
1.1 1Health and Safety
1.2 1Explanation of symbols and labels
2. 2INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING
3. 3EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS
3.1 3Current transformer circuits
3.2 3Insulation and dielectric strength testing
3.3 3Opening Enclosure
4. 3DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL
5. 4TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
5.1 4Protective fuse rating
6. 9INTRODUCTION
6.1 9General
6.2 10Family
6.3 10Measurements
6.4 10Hardware features
6.5 11Communication and inputs/outputs
6.6 11User features
6.7 12Applications
7. 13SYSTEM MODES
7.1 13Connection mode
7.1.1 13Valid measurements
7.2 15Power mode
7.3 15Operating energy quadrants
8. 17INSTRUMENTATION
8.1 17Measurements
8.2 17Glossary
8.3 19Supported Measurements

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8.3.1 20Voltage
8.3.2 20Current
8.3.3 20Frequency
8.3.4 20Harmonics (THD)
8.3.5 20Power
8.3.6 20Power factor
8.3.7 21Energy
8.3.8 21Maximum demands (MDs)
8.3.9 21Thermal Average demands
9. 22HARDWARE
9.1 22Connections
9.2 22Communications
9.3 23Inputs and Outputs
9.3.1 23Energy Pulse Outputs
9.3.2 23Tariff (inputs)
9.3.3 24Alarm outputs
9.4 24Auxiliary Supply
10. 25USER INTERFACE MENU STRUCTURE
10.1 25Menu introduction
10.2 27Measurement Navigation
10.3 29Settings Navigation
10.4 31Resets Navigation
10.5 31Info Navigation
10.6 32Installation Navigation
10.7 32Default settings
11. 33HARDWARE FUNCTIONS
11.1 33Installation Wizard
11.2 36Demo Cycling
12. 38SETTINGS
12.1 38Setting Navigation
12.2 38General Navigation
12.3 40LCD Navigation
12.4 41Security Navigation
12.5 42Energy Navigation
12.6 43Inputs and Outputs
13. 45COMMUNICATIONS
13.1 45Communications ports
13.2 45QDSP Setting and Monitoring Software
13.3 45MODBUS

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14. 46TECHNICAL DATA
15. 50WIRING DIAGRAMS AND CASE DIMENSIONS
16. 54RELATED DOCUMENTS
17. 55APPENDIX A: MODBUS PROTOCOL
17.1 55Modbus communication protocol
17.2 55Register Map for Actual Measurements
17.3 57Register table for IEEE 754 Measurements
17.4 60Register table for the normalized actual measurements
17.5 62100% values calculations for normalized measurements
17.6 63Register table for the basic settings
17.7 64Data types decoding
18. 66APPENDIX B: CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS
18.1 66Definitions of symbols
18.2 66Equations

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6. INTRODUCTION
6.1 General
The iSTAT M2x2 is an easy to use standard measurement centre family aimed particularly
at the medium voltage and industrial market segments throughout the world.
The M2x2 measurement centre family integrates a number of measurements and metering
functions in the same unit for power system management. The use of numerical technology
achieves high accuracy over a wide dynamic measuring range for instantaneous and
integrated power system parameters. The M2x2 offers:
A cost-effective solution for Medium Voltage and Industrial markets
Modbus protocol for integrating into energy management and control systems.
Setup and wrong connection wizards, demonstration screens and user customised
display making the M2x2 family user friendly.
Multi-lingual menu (English, German, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian etc.)
CE certification
The M2x2 uses a software package called QDSP, it is suggested that the QDSP software is
used when possible as it provides a simple interface for communicating with the product. A
separate QDSP manual is available.
QDSP Standard is used for setting and monitoring all of the iSTAT devices with
communications, i400, i4Mx, i500, M2x1, M2x2 and M2x3.
QDSP also offers additional features such as upgrading from a secure web site for
both the QDSP and the measurement centres.
KEY MESSAGES
The iSTAT M2x2 family is easy to set and test. In the substation world, more
settings increase the chance of misapplication, and the potential for incorrect settings
and inaccurate measurements. The iSTAT M2x2 minimises the chance of an incorrect
setting by using a setup wizard to help the operator configure the device.
The iSTAT M2x2 is an economical choice for measurements.
The iSTAT M2x2 offers easy fitting, by using embedded current transformers and a
wrong connection warning for the current circuits. It uses a standard 96mm DIN case.
M2x2 allows connection to MODBUS based systems that are widely used by industrial
and utility customers worldwide.
iSTAT – THE standard measurement platform
Multiple advanced configuration features fitted as standard.
Comprehensive choice of features for measurement applications.
Flexible programmable software (QDSP) for straight forward product configuration.
Complete and informative documentation, QDSP also includes help information.
Simple to fit, simple to set, simple to connect
Standard 96mm DIN
Set up Wizard to aid configuration
Wrong connection warning
Demonstration displays
User defined customised displays
Advanced technology

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High sampling rate of 128 samples per cycle
A frequency family of 16 2/3Hz, 45/65Hz or 400Hz
Economical
Universal Power for all site situations
Common case size permits retrofitting without major re-engineering of the panel.
6.2 Family
The iSTAT M2x2 family provides:
M212 class 0.5 non-communicating Power and class 1 Energy Meter. The M212
includes energy measurement in all four quadrants and is fitted with pulsed energy
contact outputs and optional tariff inputs.
M232 class 0.5 communicating Measurement Centre. The M232 adds serial
communications and alarms (optional output) to the M212.
Software:
QDSP Standard for setting and monitoring software
6.3 Measurements
The M2X2 family is therefore ideally suited to applications where continuous monitoring of a
single or three-phase system is required:
M212: local indication for ac switchboard power measurements, energy metering into
a remote energy management system using pulsed outputs.
M232: local and remote indication for ac switchboard power measurements, energy
metering into a remote energy management system via pulsed outputs or
communications.
TABLE 7-1 has a summary of the measurements available. The M2x2 can be user
configured for either single or three phase connection.
TABLE 7-1 : MEASUREMENTS M212 M232
V, I, P, Q, S, PF, PA, F, 
Energy kWh class 1 
Maximum demand 
THD 
6.4 Hardware features
The M2X2family has a number of hardware features that are designed to make the
installation, commissioning and use of the meters as simple as possible, see TABLE 7-2.
It has a large 128 x 64 pixel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that can display information in a
number of different font sizes and is backlit for use in conditions with a low light level. The
menu is driven locally by a 5 key function pad on the front of the meter and the M2x2 family
has the ability to customise the display functions to enable to user to retrieve information as
quickly as possible.
The M2x2 has LED indicators defining energy flow and active alarms (M232 only).
The M2x2 has a Universal auxiliary supply and an auto ranging current and voltage (option)
measurement inputs so that it can be used in most site conditions without the need to specify
this information at the order stage.

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TABLE 7-2 : HARDWARE M212 M232
Large backlit LCD 128 x 64 
LED alarm indication 
5 key menu 
Autorange Volts and Current
inputs (Volts optional) 
Universal Power supply AC/DC 
4 Energy counters 
6.5 Communication and inputs/outputs
The M232 is fitted as standard with RS232, RS485 or USB communications supporting
Modbus RTU.
The M2x2 has two rear hardware modules; module 1 is always fitted with pulse contact
outputs which on the M232 can also be used as alarm outputs if pulses are not required.
Tariff inputs on module 2 are available as an option.
TABLE 7-3 :
COMMUNICATIONS and I/O M212 M232
RS232, RS485 or USB 
Modbus RTU 
2 energy contacts 
2 tariff inputs (optional) 
2 alarm contacts (using energy
contacts) 
6.6 User features
The M2X2 family has a wide range of user features that are designed to make the
installation and commissioning simple. These features are summarised in TABLE 7-4 below.
The Setup Wizard takes the user through the basic settings required to set up the M2x2. The
benefit of the wizard is that it leads the commissioning engineer through all the basic settings
required to install the M2x2 correctly.
The M2x2 will monitor the voltage and current polarity and when it detects that an input has
been incorrectly connected it will display a warning symbol on the display. This is useful
when direction is important, such as in energy applications, to ensure that the values
calculated are correct.
The M2x2 provides many different measurements that the operator can scroll through and
read on the display. If the operator only wants to see a small number of measurements, they
can configure the display to show up to 3 customised screens. The refresh time is
programmable to enable the operator time to interpret the information on the display.

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TABLE 7-4 : USER FEATURES M212 M232
Set up Wizard 
Wrong connection warning 
3 Custom screens 
Demonstration screens 
6.7 Applications
The M2x2 family can be used in a wide range of different applications depending on the
model, the applications are summarised in TABLE 7-5 below.
TABLE 7-5 : APPLICATION M212 M232
Power measurements 
Energy Metering 
Programmable alarms 
PC software 
Power Measurements: All the M2x2 family provide a wide range of instantaneous
measurement values; Voltage, current, Power, phase angle, power factor and frequency.
These are available locally on all the M2x2 family and remotely on the M232.
Energy and sub Metering: With 4 quadrant energy measurement, the M2x2 can be used in
sub metering applications where information is passed to an energy management system to
monitor the performance of the ac power system. The M2x2 can use a combination of
pulsed energy contacts, tariff inputs and communications to integrate with and provide this
data to the control system.

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7. SYSTEM MODES
7.1 Connection mode
The connection mode of the M2x2 is menu-configurable. The following options are available:
1b - single phase connection,
3b - three-phase, three-wire connection with balanced load,
4b - three-phase, four-wire connection with balanced load,
3u - three-phase, three-wire connection with unbalanced load
4u - three-phase, four-wire connection with unbalanced load.
7.1.1 Valid measurements
The following tables list the valid measurements for each connection type.
Key: – measured , −calculated, × −not supported
Connection
TABLE 8-1 : BASIC
MEASUREMENTS Parameter Unit 1b 3b 3u 4b 4u
Voltage U1U1 V
× × 
Voltage U2U2 V × × ×

Voltage U3U3 V × × ×

Average voltage U~UV × × ×

Current I1I1 A

Current I2I2 A ×

Current I3I3 A ×

Current InIn A ×

Total current It I A

Average current Ia Iavg A ×

Active power P1P1 W
× × 
Active power P2P2 W × × ×

Active power P3P3 W × × ×

Total active power PtP W

Reactive power Q1Q1 var
× × 
Reactive power Q2Q2 var × × ×

Reactive power Q3Q3 var × × ×

Phase
Total reactive power QtQ var


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Connection TypeTABLE 8-2 : BASIC
MEASUREMENTS Parameter Unit 1b 3b 3u 4b 4u
Apparent power S1S1 VA
× × 
Apparent power S2S2 VA × × ×

Apparent power S3S3 VA × × ×

Total apparent power StS VA

Power factor PF1PF1/ePF1
× × 
Power factor PF2PF2/ePF2 × × ×

Power factor PF3PF3/ePF3 × × ×

Total power factor PF~PF/ePF

Power angle 11 ° × × 
Power angle 22 ° × × × 
Power angle 33 ° × × × 
Total power angle ~° 
THD of phase voltage Uf1 U1% %THD × × 
THD of phase voltage Uf2 U2% %THD × × ×

THD of phase voltage Uf3 U3% %THD × × ×

THD of phase current I1I1% %THD 
THD of phase current I2I2% %THD ×

Phase
THD of phase current I3I3% %THD ×

Phase-to-phase voltage U12 U12 V ×

Phase-to-phase voltage U23 U23 V ×

Phase-to-phase voltage U31 U31 V ×

Average phase-to-phase
voltage (Uff) UV ×

Phase-to-phase angle 12 12 ° × × × 
Phase-to-phase angle 23 23 ° × × × 
Phase-to-phase angle 31 31 ° × × × 
THD of phase-to-phase
voltage THDU12
U12% %THD × 
THD of phase-to-phase
voltage THDU23 U23% %THD × 
Phase-to-phase
THD of phase-to-phase
voltage THDU31 U31% %THD × 
Counters 1−4 E1, E2,
E3, E4
Wh
Vah
varh

Energy
Active tariff Atar 

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Connection TypeTABLE 8-2 : BASIC Parameter Unit
MEASUREMENTS 1b 3b 3u 4b 4u
MD current I1I1 A

MD current I2I2 A ×

MD current I3I3 A ×

MD active power P (positive) P+ W 
MD active power P (negative) P−W

MD reactive power Q−L Q var

MD reactive power Q−C Q var

Max. values MD
MD apparent power S S VA 
Key –measured, −calculated, × −not supported
NOTE: For 3b and 3u connection mode, only phase−to−phase voltages are
measured. Because of that, factor 3 is applied to calculation of
quality considering nominal phase voltage.
For 4u connection mode measurements support is same as for 1b.
7.2 Power mode
The power mode is used for the signing of power measurements. The user cannot set the
M2x2 power mode. It is defined as follows:
When displaying active power, a positive sign indicates export power
(a consumer) whilst a negative sign indicates import power (a generator).
When displaying reactive power, a coil symbol indicates an inductive load
(a consumer) whilst a capacitor symbol indicates a capacitive load
(a generator).
7.3 Operating energy quadrants
The operating energy quadrants are used to determine which types of energy are added to
the energy counters. The user may modify the operating energy quadrants via the remote
communications interface or by using the front menu and buttons.

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S
S
S
S
P
P
P
P
Q
Q
Q
Q
Quad
r
a
nt
2
Quad
r
a
nt
1
Quad
r
a
nt
3
Quad
r
a
nt
4
Impor
t
Q
Impor
p
tP
Im
p
o
r
t
Q
Expor
p
tP
Expor
t
Q
Expor
p
tP
Expor
t
Q
I
m
p
o
r
p
tP
La
gg
in
g
vars to
g
enerato
r
La
gg
in
g
vars to consume
r
Po
w
er to consume
r
Power to
g
enerato
r
Q (Ca
p)
Q
(
Ind
)
P
(
--
)
P
(
+
)
FIGURE 8-1 : POWER FLOW

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8. INSTRUMENTATION
8.1 Measurements
With the increase in harmonics present in today's power systems, due to the increased use
of electronic loads such as computers, variable frequency drives, etc. it is important, when
accurate monitoring of electrical parameters is required, to use a measuring technique that
allows for their presence. Conventional measurement methods, that use a mean sensing
technique, respond to the mean or average of the input waveform. This is only accurate
when the input waveform approaches a pure sinusoid.
The M2x2 uses a true RMS (root-mean-square) measurement technique that provides
accurate measurement with harmonics present up to the 63rd. The M2x2 reads 128 samples
per cycle and the true RMS measurement is obtained using these sampled values.
The M2x2 display can display the measured values in a number of preset display views or
the user can customise the display. An example is shown in figure 9.1 below.
FIGURE 9-1 : PRESET DISPLAY SHOWING VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER IN PHASE 1
8.2 Glossary
The following terms and symbols are used:
TABLE 9-1 : SYMBOLS
Mv Sample factor
MP Averaging interval
Uf Phase voltage (U1, U2or U3)
Uff Phase-to-phase voltage (U12, U23 or U31 )
N Total number of samples in a period
n Sample number (0 n N)
x, y Phase number (1, 2 or 3)
in Current sample n
ufn Phase voltage sample n
ufFn Phase-to-phase voltage sample n
f Power angle between current and phase voltage f (1, 2or 3)
Uu Voltage unbalance
Uc Agreed supply voltage

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TABLE 9-2 : GLOSSARY
Term Explanation
RMS Root Mean Square value
Flash Type of a memory module that keeps its content in case
of power supply failure
MODBUS Industrial protocol for data transmission
QDSP Software for iSTAT family
AC Alternating voltage
PA Power angle (angle between current and voltage)
PF Power factor
THD Total harmonic distortion
MD Measurement of average values in time interval
Harmonic voltage −
harmonic
Sine voltage with frequency equal to integer multiple of
basic frequency
Hand-over place Connection spot of consumer installation in public network
Sample factor (Mv) Defines a number of periods for measuring calculation on
the basis of measured frequency
Averaging interval (Mp) Defines frequency of refreshing displayed measurements
on the basis of a Sample factor