Ametek TR-2100 User manual

TR-2100
Multi - Function Recorder
Operation Manual
Document No. 1086-816
Revision A
AMETEK Power Instruments Tel: [phone]
255 N. Union Street Fax: [phone]
Rochester, New York 14605 Web: www.rochester.com

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Table of Contents
OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................1
Triggered Records.............................................................................................2
Display Station...................................................................................................3
1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................5
Input Connections..............................................................................................5
Recording Functions..........................................................................................5
Hard Disk Storage..............................................................................................8
Network Capability.............................................................................................9
Printing...............................................................................................................9
Event Log...........................................................................................................9
2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION..........................................................................11
Top Tray ..........................................................................................................12
Bottom Tray.....................................................................................................13
Front Panel......................................................................................................13
Status LEDs.....................................................................................................13
Test Button ......................................................................................................15
Status Outputs.................................................................................................15
Printer..............................................................................................................16
Fax...................................................................................................................17
Transient and Disturbance Recording..............................................................17
3 INSTALLATION ..............................................................................................19
Power Supply Connection................................................................................20
Analogue & Digital Input Connections..............................................................20

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Status Output Connections..............................................................................22
Auxiliary Connections ......................................................................................23
Applying Power to the TR-2100.......................................................................27
4 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ....................................................................29
Cross Triggering ..............................................................................................30
5 CALIBRATION................................................................................................33
Introduction......................................................................................................33
TR-2100 Calibration – Main Window ...............................................................34
CT Phase Correction .......................................................................................40
6 MAINTENANCE ..............................................................................................41
Fans.................................................................................................................41
Batteries...........................................................................................................41
Power Supply Adjustment................................................................................41
Hardware Settings ...........................................................................................46
Hard Drive Format Procedure..........................................................................50
Installing NE2000 Compliant Network Cards...................................................56
Acquisition Card Change-Out Procedure.........................................................57
Converting an Analog Channel from V/I or I/V.................................................59
APPENDIX I - TR-2100 SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................63
Inputs...............................................................................................................63
Recording (Transient)......................................................................................64
Fault Profile (Transient) ...................................................................................65
APPENDIX II – PARAMETER CALCULATIONS...............................................73
APPENDIX III – DNP PROTOCOL.....................................................................79
Introduction......................................................................................................79

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DNP Data Objects ...........................................................................................80
DNP v3.00 Device Profile Document...............................................................81
The TR-2100 Implementation..........................................................................83
Point List..........................................................................................................83
DNP Configuration...........................................................................................86
APPENDIX IV – TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................89
APPENDIX V – SYSTEM DRAWINGS...............................................................93

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TR-2100 User Manual 1
Overview
The TR-2100 is a multi-function recorder that includes the features of many separate
instruments for monitoring a power system. These include protection operations, system
stability, and power quality. The voltages and currents on three phase lines are recorded via
standard instrumentation transformers to 16-bit accuracy. The state of protection relays and
switchgear can also be monitored via auxiliary switch contacts. Additionally, other
transducers can be connected to the TR-2100 for monitoring a wide range of parameters.
By providing a complete range of functions from a single connection to the power network,
the TR-2100 is a very cost effective instrument. Information from the recorder can be used
by a range of departments within a utility. A flexible reporting scheme enables the right
information to be sent to the right person at the right time. Because the TR-2100 can be
locked to a universal time standard, differential phase triggering can be implemented and
network wide state determinations can be made.
The TR-2100 can include the functions of any of the systems listed below.
• High speed multi-channel analogue and digital data recorder
• Transient fault recorder
• Protection monitor
• Generator monitor
• Sequence of events recorder
• Disturbance recorder
• Phasor measurement unit
• Stability monitor
• High speed logger
• Long term logger
• Dual channel recording frequency meter
• Multichannel recording power meter
• Vector meter
• Power quality monitor
• Harmonic analyser
• Flicker meter
• Oscilloscope
• Switchgear wear & performance monitor
• Station battery monitor
• Diagnostic & maintenance tool

TR-2100 User Manual 2
Triggered Records
When an abnormal event is detected, the analogue inputs and the digital switch data are
stored in the TR-2100's memory. The stored data includes a period of time starting before
the event occurs, until after conditions have returned to normal. This data frame constitutes a
data record that may be printed in a graphical form with some initial measurements of the
transient event.
Loggers
The input voltages and currents to the TR-2100 are recorded as a maximum, minimum and
average RMS value every minute. The maximum, minimum and average frequency of two
selected channels is also recorded. The TR-2100 is fitted with a large hard drive and this log
will save data for 52 weeks before the data is overwritten. Selected blocks of data can be
downloaded from the TR-2100 for graphical display.
As an option, all the inputs values can be saved every other cycle (1/2 the system line
frequency) in a disturbance logger. This provides a continuous record for the previous 2
weeks. Harmonic, imbalance and energy data are also recorded in separate logs. These can
be recovered separately or together.
Power Quality Monitor
The TR-2100 can also record the harmonic profile of voltage or current inputs over a set
interval. This is used to measure trends with time or compare harmonic distortion at
different locations. There are a number of features as part of Display Station that allow
harmonic and other power quality data to be viewed.
Voltage dips can be classified by depth and duration to provide a profile of substation
performance. This can be used to compare performance at different sites, and show trends
with time.
The TR-2100 has a sensitive THD trigger mode that allows very subtle voltage distortions to
be recorded, which would otherwise be missed using normal triggering methods. This can
indicate progressive faults before they cause a serious problem.
Transducers
The TR-2100 computes a wide range of values from the recorded voltages and currents.
External transducers may be connected to the TR-2100 to extend the range of functions.
These could include pressure, temperature & position etc.

TR-2100 User Manual 3
Display Station
Display Station is a software application that runs on a standard Windows 95/98/NT based
PC. This provides a communication link to all TR-2100, TR-100, and DL8000 monitors via
an RS232 port, LAN, dial up modem, or WAN.
All the recorder parameters can be updated remotely, and the analogue signals and digital
status can be viewed on line. Data records can be downloaded to the user’s location, and
partial information such as a profile or cameo can be viewed to reduce communications
time.
Transient, logger and harmonic data can be displayed, analysed and printed using a range of
functions. An Expert System is used to classify faults into a number of categories for ease of
interpretation. Voltage Dip and Breaker Performance Analysis databases are updated for
quality and maintenance scheduling.

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TR-2100 User Manual 5
1 Introduction
The TR-2100 substation monitor is designed using leading edge computer hardware and
software techniques. The high speed, high resolution recording, flexible triggering modes,
and long term recording modes make it ideal for capturing all forms of line transients,
protection operations, power quality surveys, real time display of station values, stability
monitoring, switchgear maintenance, sequence of events recording, metering, etc.
Input Connections
A maximum of 32 analogue inputs can be connected to standard protection voltage and
current transformers. Any input can be configured as a voltage or a current input when the
system is ordered. Changing the input range in the field requires a simple link selection. All
system inputs are DC coupled with a frequency response of about half the sampling rate.
In addition to the analogue inputs, there are also a maximum of 160 digital inputs for
reading the state of protection relays and switchgear. The digital inputs require a wetting
voltage from a source external to the TR-2100. Four status relays with pre-defined functions
are available. The power source can be AC or DC, and must be specified at the time of
order.
The TR-2100 can be specified to have 8, 16, 24 or 32 analogue inputs and up to 160 digital
inputs. The size of the cabinet depends on the combination of analogue and digital inputs
requested.
Recording Functions
The TR-2100 provides multiple concurrent power monitoring functions in one system. This
gives maximum functionality with minimum installation cost. Each of the recording modes
works independently of the others. The functions include:
• High Speed Transient Recorder
The high speed option allows all analogue inputs to be sampled synchronously up to 384
samples per cycle (19.20 KHz at 50 Hz, or 23.04 KHz at 60 Hz). The digital inputs can also
be sampled at this rate, although in most cases they would be recorded at an integer sub-
multiple.
The high speed recorder is used for special applications like lightning studies, monitoring
high speed switching in DC links, Static VAR compensators (SVCs) and Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS).

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• Protection monitor
The transient recorder is mostly used for monitoring protection operations. The VT & CT
waveforms and auxiliary protection contacts are recorded before, during, and after the fault
clearance. Expert System software can be used to analyze this data and report on any
abnormalities. Other information can be extracted for Power Quality and system
maintenance.
• Disturbance recorder
Longer term events are monitored by the Disturbance recorder. RMS and phasor information
is stored twice per cycle per channel, and these are used to compute a variety of power
system quantities. A wide range of trigger options is available for the Disturbance recorder
including a flexible oscillatory power trigger.
This function is used for recording re-closer sequences and system stability events. It can
also be used to extend the pre- and post-fault times of a Transient record. A continuous
Disturbance logger can be added as an option that allows up to 2 weeks of recording time.
This records the RMS, phasor and frequency information at half the cycle rate. The
disturbance recorder is independent of the other recording modes.
• Long term logger
The input and computed quantities are logged as maximum, minimum and average
quantities every minute. A 52-week log of data is saved by the system. This data can be
retrieved at reduced sampling rates for trending and power quality analysis.
• Power Quality monitor
The parameters that define Power Quality are recorded by the TR-2100, and then processed
and viewed by applications running on a PC. These include:
Voltage & frequency profiles
Voltage dips & surges
Loss of supply
Harmonic content
Flicker
Imbalance
Flexible display options allow this information to be shown in a wide range of styles. Refer
to the Display Station manual for setup information.

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• Sequence of Events Recorder
All transitions on the digital inputs of the TR-2100 are recorded and can be displayed with a
disturbance or logger record. The time resolution is 1 ms. Input point and time filtering are
available to limit the number of events displayed. Digital data is also available with transient
records.
• Stability Monitor
A powerful feature of the TR-2100 is the optional ability to trigger and record differential
phasor measurements. Because the inputs are sampled at regular intervals, the absolute angle
of the positive sequence voltage vector can be computed very accurately. This value is
compared with the angle from a remote location, normally the far end of a transmission line.
Because the two TR-2100s can be time locked together, the difference in phase angle is used
as a measure of system stability. The recorder communications conforms to IEEE 1344 -
1995.
As an alternative, individual disturbance records can be recovered and compared in Display
Station Analysis. This allows voltages, power flow etc. to be compared at several points in a
network. The TR-2000 can also communicate with other equipment that supports the IEEE
1344 – 1995 standard.
• Real Time Metering & Monitoring
As well as triggering and logging instruments, the TR-2100 includes the ability to view
analogue and digital inputs and compute values in near real time. Measured values and
waveforms can be seen locally or remotely. These can replace or act as back-up systems for:
Waveform oscilloscope
Panel meters
Annunciation panel
Vector displays
• Fault Locator
Based on the information in a transient record of a line fault and a model of the transmission
line impedance, the distance-to-fault can be calculated. Source and remote end impedances,
remote end in-feed and mutual coupling are used to compute a more accurate distance.
The source, remote and line impedances may be entered in sequence component, per phase
or per unit (PU) form. The fault distance is computed several times during the period of the
fault and the results averaged. The fault impedance is also returned.
The fault impedance can be used with a complex impedance model to locate the source of a
fault in a distribution network.

TR-2100 User Manual 8
• On-line Switchgear & Battery Monitor
Because the TR-2100 is attached to strategic protection equipment, it can be used for
condition monitoring. Circuit breaker operations are recorded and analysed by the Expert
System. The measurements from each operation are stored in a database and these are used
in a number of programmable contact wear formulae.
The accumulated number of operations, arcing current and arcing time all contribute to wear
of the main contacts. By selecting one of the three standard formulae, the service period for
each piece of switchgear can be determined.
The TR-2100 can also monitor the breaker coil currents and battery voltage. This provides
more information on the state of the switchgear and the state of the battery under load.
• Energy Meter
The real power values from the logger are used to compute energy demand over a variable
interval. Peak demand and load profiles can be tracked to minimize energy costs.
• Plant Commissioning Diagnostic Tool
The extensive sets of functions within Display Station Analysis (DSA) allow it to be used
for the installation and commissioning of a power plant. Test records can be taken either
manually or automatically and analyzed with DSA to check for correct operation of
switchgear, transformers, etc. These records can be archived and used for comparison during
future diagnostic checks.
Hard Disk Storage
The TR-2100 is fitted with a hard disk drive. This provides a large non-volatile data storage
capacity for transient and disturbance fault records. It also stores the disturbance and long-
term logger data. The disturbance logger stores RMS and phasor information for every
channel for up to 2 weeks. The long-term logger saves the maximum, minimum and average
voltages, currents and frequency every minute. It also records certain power usage and
power quality data. This log is 52 weeks long and requires approximately 8 Mbytes of
storage for every 8 input channels.

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Network Capability
The TR-2100 can be configured as part of an integrated monitoring network with multiple
recorders at sub-stations within a region. Display Station can be located at the regional
control center or headquarters. Communications between Display Station and the TR-2100s
may be by dial-up modem on an internal or external phone system, or by a TCP/IP network
connection on a company wide area network (WAN).
Printing
Transient fault records may be printed locally by the TR-2100 or remotely at Display
Station. The local printer can be any type that can emulate an Epson FX80 or IBM
Proprinter. Each record includes the location of the TR-2100, the time and date of the
record, and the source of the trigger. This is followed by a profile of the record with actual
signal levels, durations, and digital transition times measured from the data. The last section
of a record contains a graphical representation of the voltage and current signals and
auxiliary switch transitions.
Event Log
The TR-2100 maintains a log of event and error messages, which may be read by Display
Station. If an internal error is detected during a self-test, a message is sent to the printer (if
one is attached) and placed in the event log. The red 'Attention' LED and relay are then
activated until the message is read by Display Station.

TR-2100 User Manual 10

TR-2100 User Manual 11
2 Hardware Description
The size of the rack mounting enclosure depends on the number of input boards fitted.
Figure 1 Front view of TR2100 with 4 analogue input boards and 2 digital-only
input Boards.
Figure 2 Side view of TR2100 with 4 analogue input boards and 2 digital-only
input Boards.
The front panel of the chassis may be released by unscrewing the two screws at the top of
the panel. When the panel is opened the internal architecture of the TR-2100 may be seen.
The system is based on a number of horizontal steel trays that slide into tracks in two high-
density polyethylene side plates, making service and maintenance of the TR-2100 very easy.
The trays are locked in place with brackets that are screwed to the side plates.

TR-2100 User Manual 12
Figure 3 Internal view of TR2000
The top tray houses the processor and acquisition board and the power supply, while the
bottom tray(s) holds the input conditioning board(s).
Top Tray
On the top (or processor) tray, the middle board is the Pentium processor board and the top
board is the acquisition board. These boards are plugged into a six slot backplane and
secured by a bracket at the left side of each board. A card guide supports the right side of
each board. The spare slots in the backplane are assigned for options such as a data modem
or network board.
The power supply is fitted at the rear of the tray with the power, printer, communications
and auxiliary connectors mounted on the back flange of the tray. The main power switch is
fitted to the front flange of the tray.

TR-2100 User Manual 13
Bottom Tray
The bottom tray(s) hold the input boards, which contain the signal conditioning components
for the analogue and digital input channels and the status relay outputs. It is connected to the
acquisition board by two ribbon cables. The large central one is for the analogue and digital
data signals, the smaller left hand one is for the status outputs and for programming the
FPGAs on the input boards.
At the
right rear of each input board is a strip of spring metal fingers. These slide against a bracket
on the rear panel to make a connection for the protective earth ground. It is important to
ensure that these contacts are kept clean. The signal input connectors are mounted directly
on the rear of the input board with no interposing cables or boards. The actual configuration
of voltage and current inputs is detailed in the Project Summary supplied with the unit.
Note: The top
-
most input board must be mainta
ined in this position. This
board contains the Status Output circuitry, and cannot be moved to any
other position in the enclosure.
Front Panel
Inside the front panel is a board that carries the status LEDs and test button. It is connected
to the acquisition board via a 14-conductor IDC cable. Below this board is the serial port
connector (used with Display Station), which is linked to the processor board via a 9-
conductor cable.
Status LEDs
There are ten indicators on the front panel that display the system status. Four of these
functions are also available as relay outputs on the rear panel. The ten LEDs have the
following functions:
Power
This green LED is illuminated when the external power supply is present. The LED is
connected to the internal +5V supply.
Battery
This option is not currently used.

TR-2100 User Manual 14
On Line
At turn on, this green LED will remain off until the TR-2100 has completed its internal self-
tests. If everything is satisfactory, the light will turn on and will stay on as long as the TR-
2100 is acquiring data. To put the system off line, see ‘Disarm Triggering’ below.
Data Available
This amber LED shows that the TR-2100 has triggered and that a data record is available for
downloading. After the directory with the new record is read by Display Station, the LED
will be switched off.
The TR-2100 is fitted with a hard drive and this LED will flicker as data is being written to
the drive.
Communications
During either local or remote communications, this amber LED is lit. This may be used by a
local operator to indicate that a remote connection is active. Only one communications
channel to Display Station can be active at any one time.
Attention
If the TR-2100 detects a problem during any of its regular internal self-tests, it will
illuminate this red LED. If this is seen, Display Station must be connected to read the TR-
2100's event log and find the source of the problem. There are four other LEDs that may be
illuminated for specific faults. These are described below.
GPS Fault
The TR-2100 uses a GPS receiver as an accurate source of timekeeping. If the system
detects a loss of satellites for more than 5 minutes, it will illuminate this LED. The TR-2100
will still operate normally on its internal oscillator, but the time reference may not be as
accurate.
Disk Fault
The TR-2100 uses a 3½” IDE disk drive to store all of its data. The system RAM is used as
a buffer area for fault data. When a record is complete, the data is transferred to the disk.
The disturbance logger and standard logger data are saved directly to the hard disk. If the
TR-2100 detects a problem with the hard disk, it will illuminate this LED.
Communications Fault
This LED is used to indicate that there is a problem with the remote communications
channel. This is either a dial-up modem or a network connection. If a modem is supplied, it
is checked regularly to ensure that it can communicate with the TR-2100.
Temperature Fault
The TR-2100 has a temperature sensor on each input board so that the system can
automatically correct offset and gain errors due to temperature variation. There are three
conditions where this LED is illuminated:
• The internal temperature has risen above 60°C