Antminer APW9 Operating manual

APW9 Power Supply Maintenance Guide
1
Instructions for Power Supply Maintenance
Version date: 2019.9.5
File Category: Maintenance Guide
Content of this Volume: It mainly describes the troubleshooting of various faults of the
power supply APW9, and how to use the test tool for accurate troubleshooting.
※The copyright of this article belongs to Bitmain. The article shall solely be reprinted, extracted or used in
any other ways with the permission of the copyright owner. Please contact Bitmain official customer
service if there is any need of reprinting or quoting.
I. Requirements on the Maintenance Platform
※The constant temperature soldering iron above 80W (soldering temperature: 300-350°C). The tip
soldering iron head is used for soldering chip resistors and capacitors. The blade type soldering iron
head is used for soldering and replacement of plug-in components (soldering temperature: 380-
420°C)
2. The thermal chimney is used for chip disassembly and soldering, be careful not to heat for a long
time to avoid PCB foaming (soldering temperature: 260°C ±2 °C).
3. TheAC controllable power supply voltage regulator (output 200-250V, can limit 0-20A current)
is used forAPW8 power-on inspection. If there is no such condition, a 100W ordinary light bulb
can also be strung on theAC fire line with mains. Be careful.
4. For electronic load (power 3.6KW, meet the voltage 0-50V), if there is no such condition, a
resistive load that matches the APW9 can also be made.
5. The multimeter, suction gun, tweezers, V9-1.2 test jig and special power test card firmware (if
there is condition, an oscilloscope can be configured).
6. Flux, lead-free tin wire, water for cleaning panel with anhydrous alcohol; water for cleaning
panel is used to clean flux residue and appearance after maintenance.
7. Thermally conductive silicone grease (2500) is used to repair the thermal conduction between the
MOS and the cooling fin, thermal conductive silicone (704 silica gel) is used for fixing and
covering the glue damage at the original after the repair of the PCBAcomponents
II. Requirements on Maintenance Operations
1. The maintenance personnel must have certain electronic knowledge, more than one year of
maintenance experience, and a certain understanding of the working principle of switching power
supply, and well master the soldering technology.

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2. Before the product is opened and the PCBA panel is repaired, the large capacitor must be
discharged, and the voltage must be measured with a multimeter (less than 5V discharge), and then
the soldering operation can be performed! Be sure to confirm to avoid electric shock.
3. Pay attention to the working method when judging the circuit components. After replacing any
device, the PCB panel has no obvious deformation, the soldering of bonding pad is reliable, and the
replacement parts and the surrounding area have no problem such as insufficient parts, open circuit
or short circuit.
4. After replacing the key components, the main circuit shall have no short circuit and other obvious
abnormalities before the AC voltage test, otherwise there is a hidden danger of explosion.
5. It needsAC220V voltage to judge the circuit signal; pay attention to operational protection.
The following: Notes, key slogans:
● Maintenance personnel qualifications must meet the specified requirements;
● Instruments and equipment used for maintenance must meet the specified
requirements;
● The instruments and equipment for maintenance must be effectively grounded, and
the maintenance environment must comply with anti-static requirements;
● Materials used for maintenance must meet the specified requirements; in order to
guarantee the accuracy and traceability of the materials used for maintenance, the
materials used for maintenance must be the production materials for the corresponding
models, and the material replacement must be confirmed;
1. In order to prevent possible electric shock hazard, non-professionals should not
disassemble the enclosure:
2. The maintenance personnel shall use a special enclosure opener to open the enclosure
of power adapter and repair, to avoid damage to the internal components of the product:
3. After the product is opened, it is required to discharge the high voltage capacitor;
4. E-waste waste generated during product maintenance cannot be arbitrarily dropped:
5. Bad products must have a repair process card and indicate the cause of the failure, and
placed separately;
6. The repaired products must be well marked to distinguish.
7. The repaired products must be placed in the repaired area and shall be systematically
tested before they can be stored.
III. The Principle and Structure of the Power Supply
1. Principle overview
1. APW9 is composed of 1 large board, 3 fans and the upper and lower shell. The normal two input
channels are connected with AC220V and have two output voltages of DC, which are respectively
SB 12V. The main output voltage is 14.5v-21v, which is controlled by PIC port and communication
with the miner.
1.2 Performance characteristics and range of use are described below:

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APW9 power supply is a high-efficiency DC power supply designed and manufactured by our
company. It has single-phase AC input and two DC outputs:
1>. 14.5V-21V voltage adjustable output, the maximum current can reach 170A；
2>. 12V voltage fixed output, the current can reach 12A。
he adjustable output part of voltage can meet the common DC load use within 170A
current of the adjustable voltage range, especially suitable for circumstances with strict
requirements for power supply of servers and mining machines; the 12V voltage’s fixed
output part can meet the use of control panel and cooling fin.
1.21 The are following characteristics:
The characteristics are as follows:
200-240V voltage input
There is protection for undervoltage, short circuit, overload, over temperature, with
automatic recovery after fault removal
The use of high-quality devices ensures stable and reliable products through reasonable
design, and can work at full load for a long time in a high temperature environment at 50°C
or lower.
Small size, high power density
1.3 Appearance of APW9 Power Supply

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Note: If you need to turn on the default voltage 21.32V test, you can use the
adapter cable to short connect the voltage Pin EN to GND.
Air Inlet
AC Input

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● Distribution on the front panel of the power supply: two triangle-shape AC input
interface
three size-4028 high speed fans
●Distribution on the left side of the power supply: four PCB-33 copper soldering
terminals with adjustable voltage output
one 4Pin signal terminal
one 12V fixed voltage output PCIE terminal
●Distribution on the rear panel of the power supply: cooling vent，it forms the outlet of
the high-speed fan.
●The model of the AC input terminal on the power supply front panel is C14, and theAC
input cable of the C13 interface is required.
●The 4Pin signal terminal is the interface between the external control panel and the
power supply. The SDA/SCL is the I2C protocol, and can adjust the output voltage of the
power supply through I2C. EN is the enable signal of the power supply, and the control
panel can enable the power supply through EN, which is effective in low level.
●The output part of the adjustable voltage adopts four PCB-33 copper soldering terminals,
90-degree side foot binding posts, M4 high current horizontal fixed seat; the 2 terminals
close to the air outlet are output positive poles, and 2 near signal terminals are output
negative poles, the output line or output copper bar can be fixed on terminal by M4 screw,
which is convenient and flexible to use.
●The output part of the 12V fixed voltage uses the PCIE output terminal. The PCIE
output terminal diagram is as follows:
1.4 Parameters of APW9 Power Supply:
OUT1
DC voltage
14.5V-21V
Rated current (at
220V input)
170A
Rated power (at
220V input)
3600W
Ripple and noise
<1%
Source
regulation rate
<1%
The PCIE output line consists of two color
lines, the 12V positive line is yellow, and the
negative line is black.
Definition of 6PIN PCIE terminal positive
and negative poles:
Positive pole: yellow 1, yellow 2, yellow 3
Negative pole: black 4, black 5, black 6

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Load regulation
rate
<1%
Startup, rise
time
<2S
Power down
holding time
>10mS
OUT2
DC voltage
12.3V
Rated current (at
220V input)
12A
Ripple and noise
<1%
Voltage
accuracy
12.2V---12.4V
Source
regulation rate
<1%
Load regulation
rate
<1%
Startup, rise
time
<2S
Power down
holding time
>10mS
Input
Voltage range
200-240VAC（two
channels）
Frequency range
47-63Hz
Power factor
>0.99(full load)
Leakage current
<1.5mA（220V 50Hz）
protection
Input
undervoltage
protection value
80-89VAC
Output short
circuit
Yes
Output
overcurrent
protection value
95-130A
Over
Yes S

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temperature
protection
Environment
Operating
temperature
-20-60℃
Working
humidity
20%-90%RH(no
condensation)
Altitude
Lower than 2000m
structure
Size
204.8SSS*157*42.5mm
Net weight
About 3.2Kg
Cooling method
Forced air cooling
Noise
67dBA
2. Maintenance ideas and cases of common faults
2.1. Block diagram for power basic principle
AC input 200V- 240V：AC input of 200V-240V
EMIcircuit: EMI circuit
rectifying circuit: Rectifier circuit
PFC circuit: PFC circuit
VBUS filtering circuit:
12V main control /VCC circuit:
12V, FAN power supply and feedback circuit:
PWM main switch MOS circuit:
Isolation drive: Isolation drive

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VCC-PWM main control chip driver circuit:
LLC--- main transformer buck DC conversion circuit:
Synchronous rectifying filter main output 14.5v-21v circuit port:
Sample feedback voltage stabilization:
PWM main switch MOS circuit:
Parallel output 12V circuit port:
PIC recording and communication control circuit:
2.2 Power PCBA board layout
Layout description: 1A-- first AC input and EMI circuit, 1B- PFC and main shunt MOS
circuit, 1C-- 12V auxiliary and VCC circuit.

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2A-- secondAC input and EMI circuit, 2B-- PFC and main shunt MOS circuit, 2C-- 12V
auxiliary and VCC circuit, 2D- 12V output port and PIC communication port
Physical picture, there will be small differences in product versions, but the principle is
similar.
2.21 Two AC input EMI to PFC circuit schematic diagram, such asAC 1 key measure F1
insurance, U2 rectifier bridge, whether there is any damage in Q4, D7, D5, D6 (the other
check method is the same). Note that if MOS is damaged, the drive resistance and circuit may
be damaged synchronously and need to be replaced. During normal operation, it can be
judged that the DC voltage at both ends of the large capacitor is 410-420v.

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2.22 Two 12V auxiliary circuit and fan power supply principle, such as 12V 1 channel first to
measure whether voltage detection starting resistor R33, 47K and HV connected to D1, D2
are interlinked, and whether there is any damage in F3, Q5, D8, D9, T1 (the same way as the
other way). 12V output, the following circuit is converted from front-end two-way 12V series
final control to output +12V ore feeder control board

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1212V
Main PWM chip U9 VCC power supply control, attention, the front two PFC should work
normally.
2.23 The main control PWM drive circuit, PIC control voltage regulation schematic diagram,
focus on the main IC VCC power supply and drive transformer.

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2.24 LLC circuit two-way main switch MOS and transformer conversion step-down
synchronous rectifier DC filter output circuit, focus on testing the main switch MOS
Q14;Q15.Q31.Q32, check if there is short circuit in output rectifier end patch MOS positive
and negative pole, and check over current protection circuit transformer, etc.
2.25 PIC control circuit, J15 communication and recording port

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2.26 Location ofA side of SMD patch and B side of plug-in
Figure 1 SMD patch side location

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Figure 2 Plug-in side location
2.3 Maintenance steps
2.31. Check whether the appearance of the power supply is seriously damaged or deformed, and
whether the DC fan and the AC socket are damaged.
2.32. Power on AC220V, check whether the fan is rotating normally, and use the multimeter to
measure whether the output J6 terminal’s voltage is 12V (12.1V-12.50) to eliminate measuring
error
2.33. Open the shell, check the components and solder surface to see whether there is any charring
by ignition (The key point is whether D1,D2,D21, D22 are broken, and whether the SMT capacitor
of 12V circuit is flaring), use multimeter to detect F1 fuse at AC input terminal, open or not, U2
rectifier bridge; Check PFC MOS Q4;D7.D5.D6, whether there is a short circuit (in addition, the
inspection method of one way is the same), Measure PWM circuit main switch MOS
Q31;Q32;Q15.Q16 and output patch MOS Q17;Q18.Q19.Q20 to see whether there is a short circuit,
if there is a short circuit, please check and replace the component position, and pay attention to the
circuit resistance around the MOS tube. Audion may be damaged and need to be replaced.

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2.34. Detect auxiliary 12V circuit F3,U5;T1;Q5.and check whether other components of D8 and D9
are short circuit or open circuit and the surrounding components are burnt out, etc. If any, it needs
to be replaced.
2.35. If the above locations have no abnormity, the circuit of F1 or F2 fuse is normal, the DC fan
turns when the two AC lines are switched on (If there is no rotating momentum to measure whether
the fan socket has 12V, such as the normal replacement of fan), J6 has 12 v voltage output end,
measure two way large capacitor PFC TEST20 - TEST30 or TEST2 - TEST7 gauge point to see
both ends are DC410V - 420 - v, otherwise check PFC chip U21 or U1, 7 feet VCC power supply
with 12 v or make sure if there is any material damage change, If there is no abnormality, the PWM
circuit U9, U10, U24 should be detected.; Power supply VCC has 12V voltage or make sure
whether the material is damaged or replaced, and whether the T5 or T7 drive transformer is
damaged.
2.36. Other defects shall be further analyzed and judged according to the skills of maintenance
personnel.
After the above inspection, the DC output of a single power supply test main circuit should be
short-connected to the 4-5 PIN of J15 PIN to output about dc21.3v, as shown in the figure EN-
GND PIN. Note that the short connection error may damage the chip. After the replacement of
defective components and the inspection of welding, the AC220V test can be carried out. Note: if
other circuits check that the large capacitance is 420V, if there is no output after short connection, it
can also be considered that PIC chip U12 firmware can be re-recorded or IC can be replaced during
recording (generally there are fewer defects here).
2.4. Test diagram of connection between conditionally available control board V1.2 and
APW9 power supply PIC port, Mark 1 is the special card test firmware, 2 is the DC
voltage debugging high and low conversion button, 3 is the PIC communication port, 4 is
the control board letter socket, 5 is the power supply of 12V; Notice yellow plus black
minus. Note: after the repair of general defective power supply products, the power on the
PIC communication J15 port EN-GND pin is only short connection, there is a voltage

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output of 21V or so is normal, it can be tested separately without the following control
board (when the PIC microcontroller is broken, or firmware is abnormal, small board test
is required after re-burning), and it can directly install the corresponding miner test.
After the maintenance of the power supply machine, 12V is with 12A load, and the main
voltage DC21Vwith load 170Ashall be tested as qualified
2.5 Simple judgment and maintenance of common faults of mine power supply
No
.
Fault symptom
Cause
Solution
1
The fan does not run,
there is no 12V output
The power supply on the
AC side is abnormal
1. Check if the AC input line of the power supply is normal and the plugs at
both ends are not loose.
2. Check if the grid is powered and the voltage is normal.
2
The fan runs normally,
there is no 12V output
1. Low grid voltage
2. Power protection
1. Use a multimeter to confirm that the current voltage is above 205V, so
that the power can be turned on.
2. Detect whether the power supply has an output short circuit or overload.
This situation will cause the power supply to enter the lock protection state.
It needs to be re-powered after the fault is removed to recover.
3
After the power supply
stops output for a few
seconds, it resumes
normal operation. After
a few minutes of
continuous operation, it
stops outputting again.
The power supply has
entered the over
temperature protection
1. Check if the fan is running normally
2. Check if the cooling air duct of the power supply is blocked.
3. Check if the power supply has accumulated excessive dust inside for a
long time.
4. Check if the power used by the power supply or the ambient temperature
exceeds the value of the power supply limit curve.

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4
Output is normal, the fan
does not work
The fan is faulty
1. Check if the fan is blocked by debris
2. The fan is faulty
5
The normally working
power supply suddenly
has no output and will
not start again
Overcurrent protection
of the power supply
Check whether the current of the load exceeds the upper limit of the
overcurrent protection of the power supply. The power supply sets the
overcurrent protection to the locked state, to prevent the power supply from
continuing to output when the load is abnormal, causing a dangerous
situation such as a fire.
2.6 After the power supply maintenance test is normal, it is required to operate normally for 2
hours with the rated load of 80% (140A) or more before it can be used by the client.