Applent Instruments AT512 User manual

!$Instruments
Applent Instrument, Inc.
3 Floor, No. 61, Baolong International,
Zhonglou District, Changzhou, Jiangsu,
China
[213002]
[phone]
Fax：[phone]
http://www.applent.com
Sales Email: [e-mail]
Tech Email: [e-mail]
©2005-2010 Applent Instruments, Inc.
Rev.B
[AT512 PRECISION RESISTANCE METER ]
User’s Manual

2
AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
Safety Summary
Warning Dangerous：
When you notice any of the unusual conditions listed below, immediately terminate operation and disconnect the
power cable.Please Contact Applent Instruments Incorporation sales representative for repair of the instrument. If
you continue to operate without repairing the instrument, there is a potential fire or shock hazard for the operator.
⚫Instrument operates abnormally
⚫Instrument emits abnormal noise, smell, smoke or a spark-like light during the operation.
⚫Instrument generates high temperature or electrical shock during operation.
⚫Power cable, plug, or receptacle on instrument is damaged.
⚫Foreign substance or liquid has fallen into the instrument.
Safety Summary
Warning Dangerous：
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this
instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific WARNINGS elsewhere in this manual may
impair the protection provided by the equipment. In addition it violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument.
Disclaimer
The Applent Instruments assumes no liability for the customer's failure to
comply with these requirements.
Ground
The Instrument
To avoid electric shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be
connected to a safety earth ground by the supplied power cable with earth
blade.
DO NOT
Operate In An Explosive
Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of inflammable gasses or
fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment
constitutes a definite safety hazard.
Keep Away
From Live
Circuits
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component
replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified
maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power cable
connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even
with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always disconnect power
and discharge circuits before touching them.
DO NOT
Service Or Adjust Alone
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT
Substitute Parts Or
Modify Instrument
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install
substitute parts or perform unauthorized modifications to the instrument.
Return the instrument to an Applent Inc Sales and Service Office for service
and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
WARNING & DANGEROUS
Dangerous voltage levels, capable of causing death, are present in this
instrument.
Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting this instrument.

3
Unpacking and Inspection
CERTIFIACTION, LIMITED & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Applent Instruments, Inc. （shortened form Applent）certifies that this product met its published specifications
at the time of shipment from the factory. Applent further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to
the People’s Republic of China National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the
Institution’s calibration facility or by the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization
members.
This Applent instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period
corresponding to the individual warranty periods of its component products. The warranty period is 1 years and
begins on the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Applent will, at its option, either repair or replace
products that prove to be defective. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a
Applent authorized reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries or to any product which, in Applent’s
opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or
handling.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Applent. The buyer
shall prepay shipping charges to Applent andApplent shall pay shipping charges to return the product to the Buyer.
However, the Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Applent from another
country.
Applent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Applent for use with an instrument will execute its
programming instruction when properly installed on that instrument.Applent does not warrant that the operation of
the instrument, or software, or firmware, will be uninterrupted or error free.
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer,
Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. APPLENT SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES,
INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BASED ON
CONTRACT, TORT, RELIANCE OR ANY OTHER THEORY.
Applent Instruments, Inc.
Changzhou,
Jiangsu,
People’s Republic of China.
Rev.A2 January, 2005
Rev.B0 January, 2008
Rev.C1 March, 2011

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AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
Contents
Safety Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Safety Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 2
CERTIFIACTION, LIMITED & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .................................................................... 3
Contents............................................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Unpacking and Inspection ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Packing List....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Power Supply..................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Setup Fuse.......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Operating Environment...................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Cleaning............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.6 How to Remove the Handle............................................................................................................... 7
2. General............................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Index.................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Main Specification............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Feature Overview............................................................................................................................... 9
3. Start up............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 A tour of front panel......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Front Panel Overview.............................................................................................................. 10
3.1.2 Keypad..................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.3 VFD ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Rear Panel........................................................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Power Up......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 Line Power Connection ........................................................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Power-up Sequence：.............................................................................................................. 14
3.3.3 Power-up Defaults ................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.4 Warm-up Time......................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Measurement configuration............................................................................................................. 14
3.4.1 Connection Test side................................................................................................................ 14
3.4.2 Range....................................................................................................................................... 15
3.4.3 Speed........................................................................................................................................ 15
3.4.4 Calibration (Short Zeroing)...................................................................................................... 16
3.4.5 Relative Value.......................................................................................................................... 16
3.4.6 Temperature Correction Function............................................................................................ 16
3.4.7 Keypad Locked........................................................................................................................ 17
4. Comparator..................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Turn ON/OFF Comparator .............................................................................................................. 18
4.1.1 Setup Comparator Record File Number .................................................................................. 18
4.1.2 Setup nominal value and limit value........................................................................................ 18
4.2 Setup Beep....................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.1 Turn ON/OFF Beep ................................................................................................................. 19
4.2.2 Setup Beep............................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.3 How comparator works............................................................................................................ 19
5. Handler Interface............................................................................................................................................. 20
5.1 Pin Assignment................................................................................................................................ 20
5.2 Connection....................................................................................................................................... 21
6. Specification.................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Feature Index................................................................................................................................... 23
6.2 High Current Test................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。
6.3 Low Current Test ................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。
6.4 General Specification....................................................................................................................... 23
6.5 Dimensions...................................................................................................................................... 25

5
Unpacking and Inspection
1. Unpacking and Inspection
This chapter provides the following information:
⚫Packing List
⚫Power Supply
⚫Setup Fuse
⚫Operating Environment
⚫Cleaning
1.1 Packing List
After you receive the instrument, carry out checks during unpacking according to the following
procedure.
Check that the packing box or shock-absorbing material used to package the instrument has not
been damaged.
Referring to Table 1-1, check that all packaged items supplied with the meter have been
provided as per the specified optioned.
Table 1-1 Included Accessories
Name
Qty
Remark
User’s Manual
1
AC Power Cord
1
220V/50Hz
Fuse
2
1A Slow-Blow
Kelvin Test Leads
1
ATL501
Test Report
1
Product & Warranty Certification
1
1.2 Power Supply
Confirm that the power supplied to the AT512 meets the following requirements:
Voltage：198-252VAC/110V
Frequency：50/60Hz
Consumption：15VA
WARNING：
The ground wire should be earthed to avoid being electric shock.
If you change the power cord, make sure the ground wire earthed.
1.3 Setup Fuse
Figure 1-1 Fuse Holder

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AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
~Line: 47.5Hz - 52.5Hz
198VAC - 242VAC
10VA MAX
Fuse: 250V, 0.5AH
Slow Blow
Please use the following fuse type：
UL/CSAtype, Slow-Blow, 5×20-mm miniature fuse, 0.5A, 250 V .
1.4 Operating Environment
Ensure that the operating environment meets the following requirements.
Temperature Range：0C～55C，
Humidity Range：<95%RH, 40C
1.5 Cleaning
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the AT512 power cable from the receptacle before
cleaning.
Use a dry cloth or a cloth slightly dipped in water to clean the casing.
Do not attempt to clean the AT512 internally.
WARNING:
Don’t Use Organic Solvents (such as alcohol or gasoline) to clean the Instrument.

7
Unpacking and Inspection
1.6 How to Remove the Handle
A handle kit is attached to the AT512
1 Retracted
Carrying Position
2 Extended
Remove Handle（Lift the handle perpendicular to the unit while pulling it in the direction of ①.）

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AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
2. General
This chapter provides the following information:
⚫Index
⚫Models Introduction
⚫Main Specification
⚫Feature Overview
2.1 Index
Thank you for purchasing AT512 Precision Resisitance Meter.
AT512 is one kind of high precision and wide measuring range resistance meter. High
integration & scientific structure design make the case of AT512 not only light and handy, but
also strong and quake-proof which makes AT512 suitable for laboratory, measuring room and
site operation.AT512 has worldwide test performance. Resistance from 0.1 to 110M can be
measured With the Speed 2/10/150times/second and the accuracy of 0.01%.
Sorting equipment with professional features, with a group of stored data, various sorting
information ring settings, can also be equipped with Handler interface, used in automatic
sorting system to complete fully automatic production line testing. Andan RS232C interface for
remote control, data acquisition and analysis.
Computer remote control commands compatible with SCPI (Standard Command for
Programmable Instrument Programmable Instruments standard command set), complete and
efficient remote control and data acquisition functions.
AT512 measures of high, medium and low-value resistor; various switch contact resistance;
connector contact resistance; relay line package and the contact resistance; transformers,
inductors, motors, deflection coil winding resistance; wire resistance; cars, boats, aircraft
riveting metal resistance; printed version of the line and pore of resistance and so on.
2.2 Main Specification
AT512 technical specifications, including the basic technical specifications of the instrument
and equipment testing allows. These specifications are in the instrument factory can achieve.

Detailed technical specifications see 6. Specification
⚫Basic Accuracy：0.01%
⚫Maximum display digits:105000
⚫11 ranges automatic and range hold
Resistance range :0.1Ω ～100MΩ
⚫Fast-high accuracy measurement
Test speed of 150 times / sec, it still can guarantee high test accuracy (0.01%) and
maxim display digits: 105000
⚫4-Terminal Test
⚫High test current and Low test current modes
Test current modes are used for the different type DUT.
⚫Dual-display.
Direct display ,ABS,%,GD/NG
⚫Trigger Modes:
Internal Trig, External Trig and Remote Trig.

9
General
2.3 Feature Overview
⚫High brightness Vacuum Fluorescent Display
window size: 98mm×58mm
⚫Calibration
Short Zeroing
⚫Comparator (sorting) function:
Built-in 30 sorting files and Output 3 levels (HI, IN and Low) or (GD, NG), display,
beep sound.
•Display：Direct display on the VFD displayer.
•Output：Output the sorting results by the Handler interface,RS232C or IEEE-488
interface.
•Beep：Setup the sorting results and turn ON/OFF Beep.
⚫Beep and VFD Brightness can beAdjusted
Setup GD or NG Beep and adjust VFD Brightness.
⚫Thermoelectric power compensation
Small current pulse test mode, to compensate for thermoelectric power, minimizing
the impact of thermoelectric power
⚫Keypad locked function
⚫Optional function：
⚫Handler interface：
Output: the results of comparator ,EOC signal.
Input: the numbers of the compare file, Trigger signal.
⚫RS232C interface：Used SCPI with single 3-wire serial interface.

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AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
3. Start up
This chapter provides the following information:
⚫A tour of front panel
⚫A tour of rear panel
⚫How to Remove the Handle
⚫Power Up
⚫Display information
⚫Measurement configuration
3.1 A tour of front panel
3.1.1 Front Panel Overview
Figure 3-1 Front Panel Overview
Comp Rate
Range
Comparator 30mV Limit I-Mode
Remote
Shift
Data
Key Lock Beeper
Relative
Clear
Brightness
Trig
Esc Enter
p
nm
k

MG
Trigger
Beep
-%
+
Hold
Drive Sense
UNKNOWN
Sense Drive
H
L
!
1
8
7
5
4
32
-VTH
6
Function
1
Power Switch. Down：ON; Up：OFF.
2
Keypad I
3
Shift key (Yellow).Press the key, the “shift” indication is ON and the keys are the 2nd Function
(Yellow).
4
Keypad II
5
Input Pot
Connect with Kelvin test leads.
H High-Pot
L Low-Pot.
6
Arrow keys：Select the options.
7
Knob: To choose function and input number value.
3.1.2 Keypad
ASSUMER：
On the front Panel:
Black Words on Button represents 1st Function；

11
Start up
Orange Words on Panel represents 2nd Function;
Blue Words on Button represents Numeric Key.
Figure 3-2 Keypad I
Comp Rate
Comparator 30mV Limit I-Mode Relative
Clear-%
Figure 3-3 Keypad II
Range
Remote
Data
Key Lock Beeper
jBrightness
0.+/-
12 3
456
78 9
Trig
Esc Enter
p
nm
k

MG
Trigger
Beep
Hold
←
1. Primary Function
ASSUMER：
Black Words on Button represents 1st Function；
The keys will be 1st functions while theShiftmark on VFD is off.
Key
Function
Comparator
Setup comparator
-%
*The function is invalid.
Speed
Measurement speed:（Slow）,（Medium）,（Fast）.
Clear
Correction(Short Zeroing)
Range
Automatic, Range Hold. The AUTO indication is ON, range is automatic.
DH
Data maintained. Equipment to stop testing, current measurements remains on the
displayer, not to refresh. The DH indication is ON, the data is held.
Beep
Turn ON/OFF Beep.
<,> Arrow keys
Select the range. It is enabled in the range hold status.
Esc
Return to the upper status. It is enabled in the setup status.
Enter
Confirm the operations. It is enabled in the setup status.
2．Secondary Function（Shift）
ASSUMER：
On the front Panel:
Orange Words on Panel represents 2nd Function;
The keys will be 2nd function while the Shift mark on VFD is on.
Key
Function
Comparator
Open or close comparator function.

12
AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
30mV-limited
*The function is invalid in the version.
Test Current Modes
Select test current modes:
High current（H-Cur）、Low current（L-Cur）and Plus current（P-Cur）
Relative Value
Relative value display. The REL indicator is ON, the value is the Correction value.
Clear
Correction(Short Zeroing)
Temperature Correction
Used to set the compensation coefficient and temperature.
Brightness
Adjust VFD Brightness
p,n,,m,k,M
Unit. Select the unit in the input status.
Key Lock
Keypad Locked. Keypad locked, only Shift + keypad lock (KeyLock) button can respond
Beep
Setup beep’s tone.
Remote Control
Choose interfaces: RS232, GPIB and setup communication parameters.
Trigger
Choose Trig modes: internal, external, manual and remote.
3．Numeric Keys
ASSUMER：
On the front Panel:
Blue Words on Button represents Numeric Key.
The numeric keys include blue word keys, ESC key, Enter key and units (p, n, , m, k, M, G).
3.1.3 VFD
Figure 3-4 VFD
! Applent’s Trade Mark.
 Remote Control Indication.
Beep is ON.
AUTO Range automatic indication.
REL Relative function is ON.

13
Start up
NG Fail.
GD Good.
Hi Above the upper limit value.
IN Pass.
Lo Blow the lower limit value.
COMP Comparator function is ON.
SET Setup comparator status.
HIGH Upper limit value.
LOW Lower limit value.
  Keypad Locked.
DH Data Hold.
LEVEL Test Current Mode
EX External Trigger Mode.
TRIG Manual Trigger Mode.
F M S Speed: Fast, Medium and Slow.
DELAY The function is invalid in the version.
Display Range number in the measurement status and display the sorting number
in the comparator setup status.
Shift The stall function.
3.2 Rear Panel
Figure3-5 Rear Panel
1. RS232C interface.
2. GPIB（IEEE-488 ）interface (option)
3. Handler interface
4. AC power cord receptacle and fuse holder

14
AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
5. Grand terminal
3.3 Power Up
3.3.1 Line Power Connection
The “+”key is power switch.
Power ON. Power OFF.
3.3.2 Power-up Sequence：
AT512 is power up, it performs self-tests on its Flash-Rom, RAM and momentarily lights all
segments and indicators. If a failure is detected, the instrument will not enter the measurement
state.
3.3.3 Power-up Defaults
The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved.
3.3.4 Warm-up Time
AT512 is readyto be used as soon as the power-up sequence has completed. However, to achieve the accuracyrating,
warm up the instrument for 15 minutes.
3.4 Measurement configuration
3.4.1 Connection Test side
r ed logo testing BNC cables into the H in the first rotation;
black logo testing BNC cables into the L in the first rotation.
Red cable to test the high-pot
Black cable to test the low-pot

15
Start up
Warning:
No putting current source, voltage source directly access test side. Energy storage device
access to testing after discharging.
3.4.2 Range
In the automatic range status, AT512 will choose the fit range by the following table:
Table 3-1 Range
NO.
Reference
Resistance
Up
Down
1
10m

10.5m

105m

1.05

10.5

105

1.05k

10.5k

105k

1.05M

10.5M

10.2m

102m

1.02

10.2

102

1.02k

10.2k

102k

1.02M

10.2M
2
100m
3
1
4
10
5
100
6
1k
7
10k
8
100k
9
1M
10
10M
11
100M
Press Range < > keys to choose the fit range.
Tip：
Range Hold is help increasing the measurement rate..
In the “automatic range”status, the meter should be calibration (zeroing) when it can’t
choose the fit Range.
Full calibration (Zeroing) in the “Calibration”.
3.4.3 Speed
Press Rate key to choose the following speed：
Fast：Fast Sampling
Medium：Medium Sampling
Slow：Slow Sampling
Full Sampling Speed in the AppendixA.

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AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
3.4.4 Calibration (Short Zeroing)
1．Press Clear key to the Clearing status and make the test clips short-circuit like the following
way before zeroing.
Figure 3-5 ight Way
Figure 3-6 rong Way
2．Press Enter key to Calibration.The meter zeroing all ranges in the automatic range or the
present range in the hold range.
Data will be saved in the nonvolatile memory when zeroing is over.
3．Press Esc or when zeroing is over, return to the measurement status.
3.4.5 Relative Value
Press Shift Relative key to Turn ON/OFF the relative function. The REL indicator is OFF; the
value is the real measurement value.
3.4.6 Temperature Correction Function
The temperature probe is plugged into the jack，the function is enabled.
Resistance value of temperature compensation woks when the meter is equipped with
temperature probe temperature.
Press Shift ＋“8” keys to turn ON/OFF temperature relative function. The REL indication is
ON, the function works.
Input temperature coefficientα：
1．Press Shift ＋“8 “keys to input password“11111”（5 digits）and
setup the α.
2．For example, copper material temperature coefficient of 20 ℃is
0.00393,enter 0.393％.
3．Press Shift ＋“8 “keys to input password“22222”（5 digits）and setup
temperature status.
4．Press number keys to input the temperature value. The normal relative
temperature is room-temperature ( 20ºC ).
Compensation formula：
T0 －Reference temperature（take 20℃）
T －Current temperature

17
Start up
α－Temperature coefficient of reference temperature
F1 －Without compensation value
F2 －Temperature compensated value
3.4.7 Keypad Locked
Press Shift Key Lock key to lock/unlocked the keypad.
The Key Lock key is only available and the other keys are in vain when the keypad is locked
indicator lighted means the keypad is locked.

18
AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
4. Comparator
This chapter provides the following information:
⚫Turn ON/OFF
⚫Setup comparator record number file
⚫Setup nominal value and limit value
⚫Setup Beep
4.1 Turn ON/OFF Comparator
AT512’s boot comparator is ON in default, you can press Comp key to close.
When the comparator function is OFF, apparatus, sorting system will no longer work at the
same time with the Handler interface signals on the comparator output will be shut down.
4.1.1 Setup Comparator Record File Number
1．Press Shift Comparator to the setup
comparator.
2．Rec.09 indicator at the lower right corner of
screen flashes means you can setup record
number.
3．Press < >or twist knob to choose the record
number which built-in 30 files.
4．Press digits to input value.
a. Press Enter to input nominal value and limit value.
b. Press Esc to exit setup comparator and the record file
is saved.
4.1.2 Setup nominal value and limit value
1．Press Shift Comparator key to the setup
comparator status.
2．Repeat steps from 2-3 and press Enter to
input the comparator status and the digits are
blink.
3．Press < > keys or twist knob to choose the
resistance’s nominal value (1st line), upper
limit value (2nd line) and lower limit (3rd
line)
4．Press digit number keys or Enter key to input
the value.
5．Press Enter key orShift + Unit keys to input
the current value.
6．Repeat steps from 3~5 to input the other
values.
7．PressEsckey to exit the setup and return the

19
Comparator
measurement status.
TIP：
Using skill：The present value is flashed ,you can press digits to input the value
directly and it’s not necessary to press the Enter key first to enter the input status.
NOTE：In the number input status, press Enter key, the unit is 1.
For example：10+Enter :input value is :10。
4.2 Setup Beep
4.2.1 Turn ON/OFF Beep
Press Beep key to turn ON/OFF beep function.
Indication is ON, the beep function is ON.
4.2.2 Setup Beep
1．Press Shift + Beep keys to the beep setup status.
2．Twist the Knob to choose::GD（Pass）,NG（Fail）
3．Press Esc key to exit the setup and back to the measurement status.
5．PressEnter key to end the setup and store the setup value and back to the measurement
status.
4.2.3 How comparator works
When the comparator function is enabled, the measure value compares with the upper limit and
the lower limit values.
Sorting Flow：
Limit Lower value Rx Upper Limit Pass Display GD and IN
Rx < Limit Lower value Fail Display NG and LO
Rx > Limit Upper value Fail Display NG and HI

20
AT512 Precision Resistance Meter
5. Handler Interface
!
This chapter provides information of AT512’s built-in handler interface. Include:
•Pin Assignment
•Circuit Diagram
•Timing Chart
The AT512’s built-in handler interface outputs signals that indicate the end of a measurement
cycle, the result of bin sorting by the comparator. In addition, the instrument accepts input of
external trigger. You can use these signals to easily integrate the AT512 with system controller.
5.1 Pin Assignment
Figure 5-1 Pin Assignment
◼Power Supply
PIN
Signal
Description
1
NC
Unused
2
EXT.DC+5V
External DC Voltage: +5V.
3
GND
Power ground.
4
NC
Unused
◼External control signal input
5
TRIG
An external trigger signal
6
NC
Unused
7
NC
Unused
8
COMP.4
Comparator record files.
Built-in 30 files.
9
COMP.3
10
COMP.2
11
COMP.1
12
COMP.0
◼Comparator record files
COMP
4-0
NO.
COMP
4-0
NO.
COMP
4-0
NO.
COMP
4-0
NO.
11111
Unchanged
10111
7
01111
15
00111
23
11110
0
10110
8
01110
16
00110
24