Aqua-scope Lorawan aqslwe01 Operating manual

Aqua-Scope Water

Monitor LoRaWAN

SKU: AQSLWE01

Version: 1.0.4

Product Description

The Aqua-Scope Water Monitor records all consumption of water in the home and it detects

damaging water leakages. To achieve this, the device applies advanced signal processing analyzing

water pressure waves traveling inside the pipes of the house water system.

A single sensor can monitor the whole home or apartment and communicates measured values and

alarms to a LoRaWAN network.

The current version of the Water Monitor is approved for single-family homes and multi-family homes

with one single water meter per apartment. 'Clinical Trials' are ongoing for installations in multi-

apartment homes with more than one water meter per apartment.

Installation Requirements

The Aqua-Scope Water Monitor watches the water pressure and water pressure waves (water noise) of

the home water installation system. The Aqua-Scope water microphone must be connected to the pipe

system at one single point in the home. Ideal connection points are edge valves located below sinks or

beside toilets. Alternatives are 1/4 inch revision openings on pressure reduction valves, shut off vales or

other installation gear. It is recommended to find a place as low in the home as possible (ideally

basement or first floor) but it is important to find a place 'after' the pressure valve (The main shut off

valve is typically positioned before the PRV and hence the water microphone shall not be installed on

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

this valve).

Further requirements are:

Next to the device is a mains power outlet for the USB power

plug.

The device expects a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

installed in the home. The presence of a PRV is detected

automatically. If no PRV is present the device will still work but the functionality is limited. Please

refer to the manual section 'PRV Impact' for details.

Your home needs reasonable coverage by the LoRaWAN network of choice.

Mechanical Installation

To make it short and easy – the video on aqua-scope.com/install explains the installation of the Aqua-

Scope Water Monitor step by step:

1. In case there are two edge valves under the sink, please identify the cold-water supply. Just open

hot water and check which valve warms up.

2. Close the faucet and close the edge valve by turning clockwise.

3. Remove the metal hose from the edge valve using the 19 mm wrench supplied. You may want to

have a towel on hand to catch the water leaking from the end of the hose.

4. Mount the T-shaped connector on top of the edge valve and fasten it using the 19 mm wrench.

5. Connect the metal hose to the upper end of the connector

and fasten it using the 19 mm wrench.

6. Screw the Aqua-Scope microphone into the side opening of

the connector and fasten it by hand. There is no need to

make it super-tide.

7. Re-Open the edge valve by turning the knob anti-clockwise.

8. Please check all three connections for some seconds that

there are no leaks.

9. Attach the Aqua-Scope to a suitable location using double-

side tape and plug the microphone into one of the two

sockets on the main device. Attach the optional water

contact sensor to the other outlet if desired.

10. Power the device using the USB Power Plug. Please use the

power supply provided within the scope of delivery. This

very power supply has very low distortion factor required for precise measurements of pressure.

Pairing with the LoRaWAN Network

The device supports LoRaWAN Class A and OTAA activation. Setting configuration parameter #21 = 1

allows changing to Class C. Reboot of the device is needed after the configuration value was set.

Operating the device requires sufficient LoRaWAN coverage from your LoRaWAN provider of choice. Your

LoRaWAN service must register the new device before the OTAA operation. LoRaWAN OTAA requires

three device-specific keys for this process:

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

Device-EUI (unique key to identify this device)

Application-EUI (unique key to identify the service of this device)

App-Key (unique secret key to secure network connection setup)

You find all three keys printed out as label printed out inside the package. Furthermore, you find a QR-

code with the Device-EUI right in the device.

Using the service http://io.aqua-scope.com/lora/ you can download the complete set of keys plus

additional device information. Please contact [email protected] to receive your access

credentials for this service.

During pairing the LED will blink red/yellow. Once connected successfully the LED will glow green

indicating normal operation.

TTN Integration

The Things Network (TTN) is a free community based LORAWAN network with

global reach. If there is a TTN Gateway near your home you can use the water

sensor without any further hardware If no – may be this is a good reason to

join the community with your own gateway.

After the registration of the device with TTN please use the “HTTP Integration”

to forward all data to ‚https://io.aqua-scope.com/lora/in.php‘. Convenient

access for test purposes is possible using ‚https://io.aqua-scope.com/lora/ui.php?dev=DEVICE_EUI‘. The

link ‚https://io.aqua-scope.com/lora/lora.zip‘ allows downloading the scripts for change, inspection and

further use on own server and integrate the data into your own application.

Please note that the mentioned scripts can only be used for devices from Aqua-Scope. Device EUIs from

other manufacturers will not be processed.

Functions and Usage

Water Consumption

The device will report each consumption of water including the duration plus the consumed amount. This

function is deactivated on default to comply with "fair use" policy of most LoRaWAN networks but can be

activated using configuration parameter #21 bit 4.

Ambient Sensors

The current water pressure, the ambient temperature and the incremental water consumption since the

time of the last report is sent every 15 minutes. The reporting period is defined in configuration

parameter #29.

Leackage Detection

To detect leaks some water must have escaped from the water system. Hence, leak detection does not

protect you from leaks but minimizes the damage of leaks. Damage happens if a certain amount of

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

water has enough time to impact construction material and furniture.

The diagram above shows the relationship between the speed of water (in liters/minute) and the time

this water flows out. The thick curve marks the area where damage will happen (about 10 liters of water,

one full bucket). The required reaction time to a detected leak depends on the speed of the water. For

micro leakages with very low speed of water (point 1 in the diagram) its acceptable to act after few days

or even weeks while a fatal burst of a pipe requires a reaction within few seconds (point 2 in the

diagram).

Aqua-Scope uses different techniques to identify leaks in four different scenarios (A1 - A4) characterized

by their speed of water. The lines between the area are determined by calibration. After initial calibration

the are constantly are re-adjusted to adapt the device to changing conditions of the water system. The

four sub-areas result in different alarms because the user action on these alarms may be different.

All normal water outlets in a home limit the speed of water. Even parallel consumption of water will

not result in speed of water beyond a certain level. In case the system detects a very high speed

of water a possible root cause is a bursting pipe (Section A4). Depending on the measured speed

of water the Aqua-Scope will issue a Heavy Flow-Alarm after few seconds. Please note that an

interruption of the water supply or a manual shut-off of the water will result such this alarm type

too since the Aqua-Scope Water Monitor must assume that the water disappeared somewhere.

The „Usage“-scenario (section A3) is defined by speeds of water typically for normal water

consumption of toilets, appliances, or faucets. Two thresholds define the alarm condition:

Max time in seconds, factory-default is 900 s = 15 m

Max amount of water in liter, factory-default is 200 liters

Exceeding these thresholds will cause a Usage-Alarm.

Additional protection is provided by the external wired water contact sensor, connected to one of

the two sockets of the Aqua-Scope. This will recognize e.g. spillovers or other loss of water. A

Flood-Alarm is sent out in this case.

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

The most dangerous and most common type of leaks are caused by a chemical reaction in the

water pipe leading to small orifice, also called micro-leaks (section A1). Since these orifices are

very tiny in the beginning, they are usually not seen. However, these very tiny leaks indicate a

much larger problem later on. The device has a built-in process to detect these small leaks. It is

called Pipe-Check. It requires to shut off the water for about 3 minutes. The application controls

this process by shutting off the water automatically (or advise the user to manually shut off before

triggering the pipe check). The completion of the pipe check is indicated with an uplink status

command or in case of a problem a Pipe-Check Alarm. The alarm includes the estimated speed

of water in ml /min plus the estimated elevation of the leak relative to the elevation of the water

microphone.

The “Drip”-scenario (section A2) defines flow speeds between about 100 ml/m and 2000 ml/m.

This is still quite low, but a Pipe-Check would come too late here. Hence, this range is monitored

permanently and detected leaks or dripping faucets will cause a Drip-Alarm within minutes.

Additional Monitoring

The system is permanently monitoring the water to detect pattern indicating a jamming toilet flap.

In this case a Jamming-Alarm is issued.

If the water pressure is too high the pipes may be damaged in the home. The Aqua-Scope will

determine automatically the highest acceptable pressure and report an Overpressure-Alarm if

this threshold is exceeded.

The internal temperature sensor allows issuing a Frost-Alarm when a certain threshold for frost

danger is hit. The factory default value for this threshold is 4 °C.

LED-Signals

Slow glowing of the green LED: Normal operation, no flow of water

Faster blinking of the green LED: Flow of water

Red fast blinking: Alarm

Red/Yellow/Green LED light up one time with beep right after power-up: ongoing Pipe-Check

Green/red blinking: connection to wireless network pending

Sequential red LED blink: Fatal hardware error

1-time blinking: general error

2 times blinking: FLASH memory error

3 times blinking: RAM memory error

4 times blinking: ADC access error

5 times blinking: LORA access error

PRV Impact

An installed pressure reducing valve (PRV) is common in almost all contemporary European home water

installations. Without PRV the Aqua-Scope Water Monitor is still applicable but some functions are limited.

Working: Pressure Monitor, Temperature Monitor, Flood-Alarm, Frost-Alarm, Overpressure-Alarm,

Micro Leak Testing

Not Working: Drip-Alarm

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

Less Precise: Usage Alarm, Water Consumption Metering, Jamming-Alarm

Alarm and Alarm Clearing

All alarms are indicated with

a buzzer sound on the device,

a red LED blinking on the device,

a LoRaWAN alarm message sent to the LoRaWAN Application Server

Alarms are cleared automatically if the reason for the alarm disappeared.

Only the Flow-Alarm must be cleared by a wireless command or pushing

the single button on the device even when the sensor does not have

contact with water anymore. The recessed round part on the middle of the

device is the touch button.

If no alarm is cleared pressing the button will issue a heartbeat signal sent

to the LoRaWAN network server.

Scope of Delivery

Aqua-Scope Water Monitor main device

Aqua-Scope water microphone with 80 cm cable and audio jack

3/8 Inch water pipe connector (T-shaped)

One external water contact sensor with cable and audio jack

USB power cable and power supply

19 mm wrench to unfasten and fasten the 3/8 Inch connections of the pipe connector

Manual

Reset to Factory Default

The factory default is indicated by a green/red blinking LED. To return to factory default push the button

right after the initial buzzer beep (but not earlier!) and keep it pushed for 5 seconds. 4 short beeps will

help you count. After 5 seconds you will see three short green LED pulses with a low-frequency sound.

Now release the button! The recessed round part on the middle of the device is the touch button.

This process will delete all device and network settings.

LoRaWan Payload Commands

LoRaWAN commands can be daisy chained into the payload up to the defined maximum payload size of

51 bytes. This mean that for all commands sent to defined number of bytes in the payload is required to

avoid misinterpretation of command and/or command values in the receiver side. All uplink and downlink

commands use FPort=1.

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

Uplink Command Version Report: 0x03 - HW - SW_MSB - SW_BYTE2 - SW_BYTE3 - SW_LSB (6

Byte)

This command reports the version of the device. It is sent unsolicited as first command during boot-up

and as replying command to downlink command Version Get. HW is a single byte indicating the version

of the hardware, the 32-Bit SW value is the version of the firmware representing the compile date.

Example: 0x03 0x05 0x00 0x03 0x10 0xdd => Device Hardware Version 5, Firmware 200925 (firmware

was created on 25th of September 2020)

Uplink Command Configuration Report: 0x04 - IDX - VAL_MSB - VAL_LSB (4 Byte)

This command reports a configuration parameter of the device: IDX is the number of the configuration

parameter. The 16 Bit VAL is the parameter itself. Configuration parameters are always 16 Bit Values.

The table below describes the configuration parameters and its values.

Uplink Command Sensor Report: 0x06 - ID - VAL_MSB - VAL_LSB (4 Byte)

This command reports sensor values. The ID indicates the sensor type and defines the format of the 16-

Bit VAL. Possible sensor types are:

0x01: Temperature: VAL is temperature in 1/10 Degree Celsius. Example: 0x06 0x01 0x20 0x20

=> Temperature 0x00CD = 205 = 20.5 C.

0x03: Uptime: VAL is the number of minutes after last boot

0x10: Water Pressure (1) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10 0x011 0x0D

0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x11: Water Consumption: VAL is water consumption in Liters since last report

0x15: Average Water Pressure (1) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10 0x011

0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x16: Minimum Water Pressure (1) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10

0x011 0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x17: Maximum Water Pressure (1) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10

0x011 0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x20: Water Pressure (sensor 2) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10 0x011

0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x25: Average Water Pressure (sensor 2) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example: 0x10

0x011 0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x26: Minimum Water Pressure (sensor 2) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example:

0x10 0x011 0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

0x27: Maximum Water Pressure (sensor 2) : VAL is unsigned water pressure in mBar. Example:

0x10 0x011 0x0D 0x48 => Pressure 0x0D48 = 3400 = 3.4 Bar.

Uplink Command Water Status Report: 0x07 - STATE - VAL1_MSB - VAL1_LSB - VAL2_MSB -

VAL2_LSB (6 Byte)

This command reports every single water flow event and the result of a Pipe-Check. STATE contains the

status of the operation and defines the meaning of the two 16-bit values.

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

1: Water Flow complete, VAL1 contains the duration of the water flow in seconds, VAL 2 contains

the amount of water consumed in Liter. The amount of water can be adjusted using a correction

value of calibration parameters #16 and #17 (PRV present) or #26 and #28 (no PRV present).

2: Pipe-Check completed without Alarm. VAL1 contains the pressure decay, VAL 2 is the water

pressure at the end of the Pipe-Check.

3: Pipe-Check completed with Alarm. VAL1 contains the estimated water loss in ml/h, VAL 2

contains the estimated position of the leak in meters above the position of the Aqua-Scope

microphone.

4: Pipe-Check aborted because of unexpected regular water use. VAL1 and VAL2 have no meaning.

5: Pipe-Check aborted because of the preparation of hot water. During this time it is not possible to

perform a Pipe-Check. VAL1 and VAL2 have no meaning.

Uplink Command Logging: 0x08 - V1 - V2 - V3 (51 Byte)

This command is used to send certain logs to the server. V1 defines log event, V2 and V3 may add

certain logging values.

1: Device in Factory Default

2: Pressure Sensor Lost

3: Pressure Sensor reconnected

4: Quick Calibration done, V2 = average pressure in mBar, V3 = average noise in mBar

5: Standard Calibration done, V2 = average pressure in mBar, V3 = average noise in mBar

6: Long Term Calibration, V2 = average pressure in mBar, V3 = average noise in mBar

7: Pressure Reduction Valve Detection: V2 = 1, PRV present, V2 = 0, no PRV

Uplink Command Calibration Report: 0x09 - STATUS - VAL1_MSB - VAL1_LSB - VAL2_MSB -

VAL2_LSB (6 Byte)

The Initial calibration is required to find critical parameters for the detection of water flow. Prior to the

completion of the initial calibration most of the functions of the Aqua-Scope monitor are disabled. The UI

will trigger starting the calibration process sending a downstream command 0x09 with status = 2. The

device will prepare for the calibration and, once ready, answers with status = 3. Now the user is required

to flush the toilet once. The completion of the calibration is indicated (latest after 5 minutes but can be

earlier) with status = 4. Failures is reported with status = 5. After 24 hours a second round of calibration

will finish, and the result are report using status = 6. After this the system will constantly recalibrate in

the background but not report any status changes.

Status 3: Calibration pending for maximum 5 minutes

Value 1: max calibration time in seconds

Value 2: ignore

Status 4: Calibration Successful

Value 1: no PRV found (= 1) or PRV found (= 2)

Value 2: Standard pressure in mbar

Status 5: Calibration failed

Value 1: Assumed pressure during water flow

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

Value 2: Standard pressure in mbar

Status 6: Calibration Final

Value 1: max pressure drop on PRV operation

Value 2: Standard pressure in mbar

Uplink Command Alarm Report: 0x0b - STATE - TYPE - VAL_MSB - VAL_LSB (5 Byte)

This command reports starts and end of alarms. The STATE-Byte indicate the status of the alarm (0x01 =

active, 0x00 = inactive). The TYPE Byte indicates the type of alarm and defines the content of the 16 Bit

VAL.

0x01: Flow: Water sensor recognized water, VAL is 0x01 or 0x00.

0x02 Freeze: Ambient temperature dropped below threshold. VAL is actual temperature.

0x03: Usage: Usage exceeds threshold or max. time or max water flow. VAL is the time in s.

0x04: Heavy Flow: Unusual heavy water flow, usually indicates a pipe burst. VAL is an estimation

of the water loss in mLiter/min.

0x05: Jamming: A jamming toilet flap is detected. The value is 0x00.

0x06: Overpressure: Water pressure exceeds the calibrated maximum water pressure. The

threshold can be changed in configuration parameter #6. VAL is the measures pressure value.

0x07: Drip:

0x08: Pipe-Check Result: VAL_MSB is an indicator for the estimated loss of water in milliliters/hour.

VAL_LSB is an indicator for the estimated height of the location of the micro leakage measured

from the height of the sensor in the home.

0x0e: Sensor Missing: There is no external sensor connected to the Aqua-Scope Monitor.

0x0f: Pressure Missing: An external sensor is connected to the Aqua-Scope Monitor but the sensor

head is not connected to a water pipe under pressure.

The configuration parameter #19 defines which parameter is active. Inactive alarms will not be reported

and will not cause any other indications (buzzer, led).

Downlink Command System Commands: 0x01 - CMD (2 Byte)

This command sends a system command to the devices. CMD defines the type of command:

CMD = 0x01: System restart

CMD = 0x02: System Reset - back to factory default

CMD = 0x03: Start Pipe-Check. The behavior of the Pipe-Check can be defined in configuration

parameters.

Downlink Command Version Get: 0x03 - (1 Byte)

This command calls for a Version Report sent upstream

Downlink Command Configuration Set: 0x04 - IDX - VAL_MSB - VAL_LSB (4 Byte)

This command allows setting configuration parameters of the device: IDX is the number of the

configuration parameter. The 16 Bit VAL is the parameter itself. Configuration parameters are always 16

Bit Values. The table below describes the configuration parameters and its values.

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

Downlink Command Calibration Set: 0x09 - (1 Byte)

This command starts the initial calibration process. On calibration process please refer to the description

of the uplink command

Downlink Command Alarm Clear: 0x0b - TYPE (2 Byte)

This command clears an alarm. TYPE is the type of alarm to be cleared. Type = 0 clears all active alarms.

For other types of alarms to be cleared please refer to the uplink command 0x0b.

Downlink Command Configuration Get: 0x14 - IDX (2 Byte)

This command allows reading the configuration value IDX. The device will respond with an upstream

command Configuration Report

Configuration Parameters

All Configuration Parameters are 2 Byte values that can be set and read out using LoRaWAN 'config get'

and 'config set' commands.

Parameter 5 (0x5): Water Standard Pressure (Default: 0x0dac = dec 3500)

This parameter is for information only. The pressure value is automatically set at initial calibration and

may change from time to time as a result of ongoing calibration. The value is provided in mBar

regardless of the scale settings in parameter #21.

Parameter 6 (0x6): Over-Pressure Warm threshold (Default: 0x1f40 = dec 8000)

An overpressure alarm is sent as an uplink message when the current pressure exceeds this threshold.

The threshold value is automatically set 24 hours after initial setup during calibration and may change

from time to time as a result of ongoing calibration. The value is accepted in mBar regardless of the

scale settings in parameter #21.

Parameter 7 (0x7): Over-Pressure Max Warm threshold (Default: 0x1f40 = dec 8000)

An overpressure alarm is sent as an uplink message when the current pressure exceeds this threshold.

This threshold value is NOT changed by calibration. The value is accepted in mBar regardless of the

scale settings in parameter #21.

Parameter 8 (0x8): Under-Pressure Warm threshold (Default: 0x1f40 = dec 8000)

A heavy flow alarm is sent as an uplink message when the current pressure falls below this threshold for

certain time. The threshold value is automatically set 24 hours after initial setup during calibration and

may change from time to time as a result of ongoing calibration. The value is accepted in mBar

regardless of the scale settings in parameter #21.

Parameter 9 (0x9): Jamming Toilet (Default: 0x00c8 = dec 200)

This parameter defines the max time in seconds for 10 consecutive small water consumption event

Users and Installation Manual: Aqua-Scope Water Monitor LoRaWAN (AQSLWE01)

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