Arec 2400 Series User manual

Operation Manual
Model 2400 Series
Single & 3-Phase Power Analyzers
VALHALLA
SCIENTIFIC
Need Help? Call 800-548-9806.
www.valhallascientific.com
©2015 Valhalla Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Advanced Test Equipment Corp.
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)

CONTENTS
page
1. Safety 1-1
1.1 Warnings 1-2
2. Introducting The Power Analyzer 2-1
2.1. Options and Accessories 2-1
2.2. Specifications 2-2
3. Mathematical Definitions used by the Power Analyzer 3-1
4. GETTING STARTED 4-1
4.1. FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL 4-1
4.2. ADJUSTING THE OPTIMAL VIEWING ANGLE 4-3
4.3. LINE POWER 4-3
4.4. TURNING THE POWER ANALYZER ON 4-3
4.5. USING THE FUNCTION KEYS 4-3
4.6. SELECTING A MEASUREMENT RANGE 4-4
4.7. TAKING SAME BASIC POWER MEASUREMENTS 4-4
5. OPERATING THE POWER ANALYZER FROM THE
FRONT PANEL 5-1
5.1. INTRODUCTION 5-1
5.2. FRONT PANEL OPERATIONS 5-1
5.3. CURRENT INPUT SELECTION 5-2
5.4. RANGE SELECTION / AUTO RANGE SELECTION 5-2
5.5. SELECTING SYNCHRONIZATION 5-2
5.6. SELECTING THE MEASUREMENT TIME 5-3
5.7. SELECTION OF AC- OR DC+AC-COUPLING 5-3
5.8. CHANGING THE DISPLAY CONFIGURATION 5-3
5.8.1. CHANGING THE HARMONIC NUMBER 5-4
5.9. MAIN MENU SELECTION 5-4
5.9.1. DISPLAY HOLD 5-4
5.9.2. AUTO RANGE SELECTION 5-5
5.9.3. SELECTING THE SIZE OF THE GRAPHIC AREA 5-5
5.9.4. SELECTING THE GRAPHIC DATA 5-5
5.10. SHORT TIME INTEGRATOR 5-6
5.11. ENERGY COMPUTATION 5-6
5.11.1.SET-UP FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT 5-7
5.11.2.SET-UP FOR CHARGE MEASUREMENT 5-7
5.11.3.STARTING AND STOPPING 5-7
5.11.4. READING ENERGIES AT PRECISE INSTANTS OF
TIME5 5-7
5.12. SCALING OF CURRENT- AND VOLTAGE INPUTS 5-8
5.13. SAVING INSTRUMENT SETTINGS 5-8
5.13.1. THIS IS HOW YOU SAVE YOUR DESIRED
INSTRUMENT SETTING 5-8
5.13.2. THIS IS HOW THE 2400 STARTS UP IN THE DESIRED
CONFIGURATION 5-8
6. OPERATING THE POWER ANALYZER USING THE
COMPUTER INTERFACE 6-1
6.1. INTRODUCTION 6-1
6.2. LOCAL AND REMOTE OPERATIONS 6-1
6.3. COMPUTER INTERFACES 6-1
6.4. SETTING INTERFACE PARAMETERS 6-1
6.5. CABLING THE POWER ANALYZER TO A HOST 6-2
6.6. HOW THE POWER ANALYZER PROCESSES INPUT 6-2
6.6.1. INPUT TERMINATOR 6-3
6.6.2. SENDING COMMANDS TO THE POWER ANALYZER 6-3
6.6.3. HOW THE POWER ANALYZER PROCESSES OUTPUT 6-4
6.6.4.
OPTIMIZING SPEED FOR DATA TRANSFER 6-5
6.7. SERVICE REQUESTS AND STATUS REGISTERS 6-5
6.8. COMPUTER INTERFACE COMMAND SET 6-7
7. THE POWER ANALYZER OPTIONS 7-1
7.1. INSTALLING THE OPTION ASSEMBLY 7-1
7.2. OUTPUT CONNECTORS 7-5
7.3. ANALOG INPUTS 7-6
7.4. FOUR ANALOG OUTPUTS 7-6
7.4.1. ANALOG OUTPUT FOR TOTAL POWER (Option 03A) 7-8
7.5. THREE PHASE SENSOR CURRENT MODUL 0-100A 7-8
7.6. PRINTER OUTPUT 7-8
7.7. EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION 7-8
7.8. DISTURBANCE PREVENTION 7-9
8. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 8-1
8.1. CALIBRATION CYCLE 8-1
8.2. EQUIPMENT NEEDED 8-1
8.3. PREPARING FOR CALIBRATION 8-1
8.4. OFFSET ADJUSTMENT AND CALIBRATION 8-1
8.4.1. VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER CALIBRATION 8-2
8.4.2. CURRENT AMPLIFIER OFFSET ADJUSTMENT 8-3
8.4.3. CURRENT AMPLIFIER CALIBRATION 8-3
8.4.4. SHUNT INPUT CALIBRATION 8-3
8.4.5. POWER CALIBRATION 8-3

1-1 1-2
1. SAFETY
Before using the Power Analyzer, read the following safety information carefully. In this manual
„WARNING“ is reserved for conditions that pose hazards to the user; „CAUTION“ is reserved
for conditions that may damage your instrument.
•Avoid working alone.
•Follow all safety procedures for equipment being tested.
•Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation.
•Be sure the Power Analyzer is in good operating condition.
•To avoid electrical shock, use caution when working above 30V dc or rms
•Disconnect the live test leads before disconnecting the common test leads.
•When making a current- or power measurement, turn the circuit power off before connecting
the Power Analyzer in the circuit.
•Switching on inductive loads means large inrush currents. Take precautions to avoid
overloading the current channels by shorting the start-up currents accross the current inputs.
•Switching off inductive loads or switching on rotating loads means large voltages or extremely
fast changing voltages on the Power Analyzer input terminals. Such conditions may damage
the instrument and are potentially hazardous.
•To comply with EN50081-1 the current- and voltage test leads must form 4 windings through
ferrite torroid Philips Type 4322 020 9720 or equivalent. Interface inputs/outputs must be
shielded.
•1kV burst test: use shielded input- and output cables.
•The Power Analyzer complies with the safety standards IEC 1010-1, EN 61010-1.
1.1 WARNINGS
•Before reading the manual or before using this instrument read carefully the warnings below
and make sure you understand them.
•WARNING: Line Power
To avoid shock hazard, connect the instrument power cord to a power receptacle with earth
ground.
•WARNING
The maximum floating voltage above earth ground on the current input terminals and the
voltage Lo-input terminals is 600V. Exceeding these limits poses a hazard to the meter and
operator.
•WARNING
This instrument must be operated by qualified personnel.
•WARNING
Refer all servicing of this instrument to qualified personnel. Before opening case disconnect
all leads connected to the instrument and finally disconnect the power line cord.
•WARNING
The specifications given in this manual solely describe the technical properties of the
instrument. They do not imply any other properties unless it is explicitly said so.
•WARNING
Use of this instrument in life support systems and in systems for people transportation must be
expressly authorized.
The authorization must be signed by the manufacturer of this Power Analyzer.

2-1 2-2
2. INTRODUCING THE POWER ANALYZER
WARNING
Read the „Power Analyzer Safety“ in section 1 of this manual before using the instrument.
This 1- and 3-phase Power Analyzer is designed for bench-top, field service, and system
application.
Some features provided by the Power Analyzer are:
•Large, blue LCD monitor, 120 x 64mm (240x128 pixels).
•Fully menu controlled operation with only 11 membrane keys.
•Meter mode and graphics mode.
•Measures and computes all electrical quantities of current, voltage, power, energy and
harmonics of current, voltage, and power simultaneously.
•Frequency measurement 0.1Hz-500kHz.
•AC, and AC+DC for individual quantities.
•Built-in integrator.
•Harmonic Analysis of current, voltage and power.
•Bar graph and wave form display.
•Wide voltage- and current range (15mA-40A).
•High common mode rejection ratio.
2.1 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES
Five option packages are available. Options 01 through 03 can be installed at the factory or by the
customer on site. Option 04 must be installed at the factory.
•Option 01 contains the RS-232 serial interface and the Centronics printer output.
•Option 02 contains the RS-232 serial interface, the Centronics printer output, and the IEEE-
488 interface. The IEEE-488 interface complies with the 488.1 and the 488.2 (1987) standard.
•Option 03 contains the RS-232 serial interface, the Centronics printer output, the IEEE-488
interface, four programmable ±5V analog outputs, and eight analog inputs.
•Option 04 contains a 3-phase current sensor module for currents up to 100A, DC-10kHz. The
supply for the current sensor module is provided by the Power Analyzer.
•Option 05 contains a software package under DOS to operate the 1- and 3-Phase Power
Analyzer via RS232 or IEEE-488 interface. You can choose the language (english or german),
command the instrument, read, display, and store data.
•Option 06 contains a comprehensive Lab View driver to operate the Power Analyzer.
•Option 07 contains TTL-input for external synchronisation via analog-in analog-out
connector.
•Option 08 contains three-phase current sensor for 0-1000A, DC-10kHz, 0.5 % accuracy.
Available accessories are described below.
ACS1: Current clamp with connector to the shunt input of the Power Analyzer; range 0-400A,
DC-1kHz, 2 % accuracy.
ACS2: Portable printer (106 x 180 x 88mm) with Centronics interface.
ACS3: Soft carrying case provides protection for the instrument. Ideally suited for service
applications.
ACS4: Set of test leads, max. 32A, 1.5m; 2 red, 2 black.
ACS5: Shunt input connector.
ACS6: Service Manual.
ACS7: Rack Mounting Kit.
2.2 SPECIFICATIONS
This section defines the performance of the Power Analyzer. The user must be aware that exposure
of the Power Analyzer inputs to their maximum value for a prolonged time will result in additional
measurement errors. These errors add to those given in the specification table.
5A input: (I2x 0.004 %/A2) for t >1 minute per 10 minutes
30A input: (I2x 0.0002 %/A2) for t >1 minute per 10 minutes
voltage input: (U2x 0.0000003 %/V2) for t >1 minute per 10 minutes.
Operating the 5A input at elevated currents (>4A) will also affect the 30A input, and visa versa.
Operating temperature range:15°C - 30°C

2-3 2-4
SPECIFICATIONS
Ranges, 8 range 1 -3 -10 -sequence; 0.3V, 1V, 3V, 10V, 30V, 100V, 300V, 1000V. Max. 600Vrms Frequencyrange DC, 0.1Hz -300kHz CrestFactor 4:1 at 50 %full scale (fs) InputImpedance >1M Ω CommonMode 155dB / 95dB
Voltage
Standardaccu racy 23 °±
3°K; rms, mean, rectified mean; for 0.3, 1Vrange, input >50%fs.
1Hz -1kHz ±(0.1 %rdg + 0.1 % range) DC, 1kHz -10kHz ±(0.2 % rdg + 0.2 % range) 10kHz -100kHz ±(0.3 % range + 0.04 %/kHz rdg)* 100kHz -300kHz ±(0.3 % range + 0.04 %/kHz rdg), typic al
Improvedaccuracy ±(0.05 %rdg +0.07 %range) 0.3V, 1V range typical *0.3Vrangetypical
Ranges, 10 ranges 1 -3 -10 -sequence; 15mA, 50mA, 150mA, 500mA, 1.5A, 5A; 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300A.
Max. 5A, resp. 30A
Frequencyrange DC, 0.1Hz -300kHz Cr est Factor 4:1 at 50 % full scale (fs) CommonMode 50Hz/100kHz 160dB/120dB
Current
Standard accuracy23 °±
3°K 5A -/Shunt input 130Ainput 1
1Hz -1kHz ±(0.1 %rdg + 0.1 % range) ±(0.1 % rdg + 0.1 % range) DC, 1kHz -10kHz ±(0.2 % rdg + 0.2 % range) ±(0.9 %r dg +0.2 %range) 10kHz -100kHz ±(0.3 % range + 0.04 %/kHz rdg)* ±(0.3 %range + 0.5 %/kHz rdg) 100kHz -300kHz ±(0.3 % range + 0.04 %/kHz rdg), typical
Improvedaccuracy1Hz -400Hz ±(0.05 % rdg + 0.07 % range) max. 4A, resp. 24A
1For 2 lowest ranges, i nput
>50 %fs
80 ranges corresponding to the products Vx A Frequencyrange DC, 0.1Hz -300kHz
Power
Accuracy23 °±
3°K
1Hz -1kHz Acc accuracypercentagefigures of current andvoltage input, and DC, 1kHz -10kHz add 0.04 %/kHz of Vrms x Arms / PF 10kH z-100kHz
PF = 0 to ±1 PF = 0 to ±1 PF = 1
Frequency 0.1Hz -300kHz, A or V triggered ; Accuracy ±0.1 % Computed Values Accuracy; Reactive Power, Var = ±VA 2–W2)1/2 ; Apparent Power: VA = Arms Vrms;
Power Factor: PF = W/VA; Crest Factor: CF= Ap/Arms, Vp/Vrms; FormFactor: FF = At/Arms, Vt/Vrms; Im pedance: Z = Vrms/Arms; Total Harm Dist: THD = (Irms 2–
Ifund 2)1/2 /Irms
Addaccuracypercentage figures of values involved in computation.
Integrator Energy,Charge;Accuracy Wh, VAh, Varh, Ah; Basic accuracy of integrated quantity.
Fr equencyrangeoffundamental 2.5Hz -100kHz Rangeof harmonic 1-99
Harmonic Analysis
Accuracy,Harmoniccurrentandvoltage 2Hz -1kHz ±(0.2 % rdg + 0.1 % range) 1kHz -10kHz ±(0.5 % rdg + 0.5 % range) 10kHz -100kHz ±(0.7 % range + 0.1 %/kHz rdg), typical
Display Blue liquid crystal graphic display with FL backlight 64 x 120mm; 128 x 240
pixels
Power AC, 50 -400Hz; Fuse: Power 85V -240V; 2AF/30VA Dieletric Strength
Inputs to caseor power supply Line input to case Input to Input
2.5kV/50Hz/1minute 1.5kV/50Hz/1minut e 4kV/50Hz/1minute
Dimension H x Wx D; Weight 150 x 235 x 320mm; 4kg Options IEEE -488 -2, RS232, Centronics printer output
4 Analog outputs, Output impedance 100 Ω 4 Analog inputs, lowrange, input impedance100k Ω 4 Analog inputs, high range, input imped ance 200k Ω Rack mounting kit Humidity: KYG according to DIN 40040, max. 85 % RH non -condensing
0-±5V
0-±5V
0-±10V
Shunt Input Max. 20Vrms
Ranges in mV: 60, 60 √10, 600, 600 √10, 6000, 6000 √10 Accuray: Same as 5A -inp ut Inputimpedance: 200k; input of 60mVcorresponds to 1.0000A
display.

2-3 2-4
3. MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS USED BY THE POWER
ANALYZER
RMS-value (1/T
o
T
∫i2dt)1/2
Rectified mean 1/T
o
T
∫|i |dt
Mean value 1/T
o
T
∫i dt
Maximum max. (i) in averaging interval
Minimum min. (i) in averaging interval
Peak-to-peak max. (i) - min. (i) in averaging interval
Average Power P 1/T
o
T
∫u i dt
Apparent Power S RMS current x RMS voltage
Reactive Power Q ±(S2- P2)1/2 for every harmonic
Crest Factor Maximum / RMS-value
Form Factor RMS-value / Rectified mean value
Frequency Number of zero crossings of current or voltage.
Power Factor P/S
Energies, Charge
0
t
∫xdt x=P, S, Q, rect. mean current
Total harm. Distortion THD (Irms2- Ifund2)1/2/Irms
Impedance Vn/In phase n=harmonic 1-99
4. GETTING STARTED
This section explains how to prepare the Power Analyzer for operation, discusses general
operating features, and explains some common measurements.
4.1 FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL
The front panel in figure 4.1 shows the graphics display in the center and the control keys to the
right of the front panel. The five cursor control keys are used to move the cursor in 4 directions
and select instrument settings with the SET-key.
The six menu control keys at the bottom of the control field are used to select the menus or
settings shown at the bottom of the LCD.
The keys are ergonomically positioned for swift function selection.
Fig. 4.1 Power Analyzer Front panel
NOTE: RMS-, rectified mean-, mean-, maximum-, minimum-, and peak-to-peak value
apply to current and voltage.
Energies apply to real-, apparent-, and reactive power. Charge applies to rectified
mean current only.
Total harmonic distortion applies to current and voltage.

4-2 4-3
The rear panel shown in figure 4.2 contains the input terminals on the right hand side. The Hi- and
Lo-voltage terminals are at the top. Below are the current input terminals, two red terminals for 5A
and 30A with one common Lo terminal. The shunt input is equipped with a short connector. When
not in use, this short connector must be installed.
The three phase Power Analyzer has the inputs for phase 1 (L1) to the right, phase 2 (L2) inputs
are in the middle, and phase 3 (L3) inputs to the left.
On the left hand side of the rear panel are, from top to bottom, the RS-232 interface connector, the
IEEE-488 interface connector, the centronics printer connector, and the analog in- and output
connector.
To the far left is the power line cord connector for 50/60Hz line voltages in the range 85V to
265V.
Fig. 4.2 Power Analyzer Rear Panel
4.2 ADJUSTING THE OPTIMAL VIEWING ANGLE
Operating the Power Analyzer on a table you may want to tilt the instrument. This can be done by
rotating forward the stand-offs at the bottom plate.
4.3 LINE POWER
WARNING
To avoid shock hazard, connect the Power Analyzer line cord to a receptacle with earth ground.
Plug the line cord into the connector on the rear of the instrument. It will operate on any line
voltage between 85V ac and 265V ac without adjustment, and any frequency between 50 and
400Hz.
4.4 TURNING THE POWER ANALYZER ON
To turn the instrument on activate the power line switch located near the power receptacle on the
rear panel.
When the instrument is turned on the display is set to its start-up configuration with all values set
to zero for about 2 seconds while the instrument performs an internal self test. After this self test
the power analyzer assumes its initial setting as follows: the first line of the display number field
shows the RMS current and the RMS voltage. The second line shows power and frequency of
current, and the third line shows apparent power and power factor.
The fourth and fifth lines are graphic area. At start-up the harmonic bar graph of current is
displayed. The horizontal scale is numbered 0-59 referring to the harmonics of current (N=0 is the
DC component) and the vertical scale gives the magnitudes of the harmonics of mA or A.
A 3-phase instrument will display values from phase L1.
4.5 USING THE FUNCTION KEYS
The two key control fields to the right of the front panel contains 11 keys. At the top is the cursor
control field, at the bottom is the menu control field.
The basic use of the two key control fields is as follows:
The cursor key control field is used to move the cursor to the desired position on the display.
Pressing the SET-key means that you want to modify this position; this can be a position to the
very left of the display (annunciator field) such as 5A/30A input selection, or current range- or
voltage range selection, or synchronisation to I or U (current or voltage of phase L1), or selection
of averaging time or selection of phase L1, L2, L3, or ALL display.
When you move the cursor to the display number field the display can be reconfigured, that is, you
can place at the selected position a different quantity.

4-4 4-5
The menu-key control field consists of keys M1 through M6 and go with the 6 menus shown
along the bottom of the display. These menus are dynamically changing, depending on the cursor
position and other action you may take.
4.6 SELECTING A MEASUREMENT RANGE
When turning on the Power Analyzer the range selection is automatic. This is indicated by the
range annunciators on the left hand side of the display, e.g. 1A A/ 300mV A. To select the 5A- or
30A current input proceed as follows: Move the cursor to the „IN 5A“ annunciator and press the
SET-key. A pull down menu gives you 3 choices IN 5A/IN 30A/SHUNT. Now move the cursor
to the 5A- or 30-A input annunciator and press the SET-key. The choice of current input depends
on the maximum current flowing in your circuit to be measured.
The A at the end of the range annunciator indicates autoranging.
To select a current range move the cursor to the current range annunciator and press the SET-key.
A pull-down menu of the possible ranges appears. Move the cursor to the desired range and press
the SET-key. The range annunciator with the new range is now displayed and furthermore, the M
indicates manual ranging for current. Note that in the Three Phase Power Analyzer the ranges of
the channels L1, L2, L3 are the same.
WARNING
Make sure not to overload current inputs, damage may occur to the instrument. Make sure when
wiring the power analyzer in a circuit that you are wiring the correct current input (5A or 30A) and
make sure to select the correct input on the power analyzer front panel (IN 5A or IN 30A).
4.7 TAKING SAME BASIC POWER MEASUREMENTS
WARNING
Read the Power Analyzer safety before operating this instrument.
The following procedures describe the basics of taking common power measurements operating
the Power Analyzer from the front panel. These procedures are provided for the user who needs to
get started quickly.
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock or damage to the Power Analyzer, do not apply more than 850V peak
between any terminal and earth ground.
The user should be well aware of the fact, that switching off inductive loads may generate
extremely fast and high voltage transients exceeding above limits.
To measure voltage, current, power and related quantities in a 3-phase circuit connect the test
leads as shown in figure 4.3 and described below.
Fig. 4.3 Power Analyzer Wireing in 3-Phase circuit
•Turn off power in the circuit to be measured.
•Break the circuit in each phase and connect phase L1 to the current input 1, phase L2 to
current input 2, and phase L3 to current input 3. The current flows from source to load; as a
consequence you must connect the Hi current inputs to the source side and the Lo current
inputs to the load side.
•L1, L2, and L3 are connected to the Hi voltage inputs. All three Lo voltage input terminals are
connected together and are connected to neutral in a 4-wire circuit. If you have no neutral
available (3-wire circuit) connect the voltage Lo-terminals to the grounding post on the Power
Analyzer.
•Switch on the Power Analyzer (it will be in automatic ranging). Select the correct current input
IN 5A or IN 30A as described in 4.6.
•Turn on power to the load to be measured.
•The Power Analyzer will automatically select the voltage range and displays the following six
electrical quantities (display top to bottom) RMS-current, RMS-voltage, power, frequency,
apparent power, and power factor of phase L1.
The bar graph of current shows the harmonic content of phase L1.
•Use the side menu to display values from phase L2, L3, and ALL.

5-1 5-2
5. OPERATING THE POWER ANALYZER FROM THE
FRONT PANEL
This section explains how to operate the instrument from the front panel.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This Power Analyzer is a very advanced measuring system, equipped with features not known to
similar instruments. For example, you can select dc- or ac-coupling for individual quantities, you
can choose those quantities you want to integrate, you can combine meter mode and graphics
mode, you can obtain harmonic analysis while the Power Analyzer is running in the meter mode.
This, and much more make this instrument a valuable tool in a wide range of applications.
5.2 FRONT PANEL OPERATIONS
The following operations can be performed from the front panel:
•Select manual or automatic ranging.
•Select the 5A-, 30A-, or shunt input.
•Select a current or a voltage range valid for phase L1, L2, and L3.
•Select the measurement time.
•Select AC- or DC-coupling for individual quantities.
•Select integration for individual quantities.
•Select display configuration.
•Select display of a single phase L1, L2, or L3.
•Select display „ALL“ of all 3 phases.
•Select display HOLD.
•Select graphics mode.
•Select current- and voltage scaling.
•Select input- output configuration.
5.3 CURRENT INPUT SELECTION
You have the choice of selecting one of three inputs 5A-, 30A-, and shunt input.
CAUTION
Due to different overload conditions of the current inputs you should, at all times, know which one
of the inputs is in use.
If you are using the 5A input you must select the 5A input indicated by the input annunciator IN
5A or IN 30A. If it is not already selected proceed as follows: move the cursor to the input
annunciator, press the SET-key. A pull-down menu appears for selection of the desired input.
With cursor and SET you select the 5A current input. Now the current ranges are 15mA, 50mA,
150mA, 500mA, 1.5A, 5A, and 15A and the current display is scaled correctly.
Similarly, you select the 30A input with ranges 1A, 3A, 10A, 30A, 100A, and 300A.
Finally, selecting the current shunt input will set the input ranges to 60mV, 60mV√10, 600mV,
600mV√10 6V, and 6V√10 with a sensitivity of 1A/60mV. Using the scaling capabilities of the
Power Analyzer will give you direct read out in ampere for your shunt or your current clamp (with
voltage output).
5.4 RANGE SELECTION / AUTO RANGE SELECTION
To select a current range move the cursor to the current range annunciator. Press the SET-key. A
pull-down menu appears with the available ranges. Move now the cursor to the desired range and
press the SET-key again to select that range. The current input is now in manual ranging indicated
by the Min the range annunciator.
In similar manner a voltage range is selected. Once you have selected a current range the current
input of the power analyzer is in manual ranging. You can bring it back to autoranging as follows:
Move the cursor to the current range annunciator. The second menu at the bottom of the display
shows „AUTO“. If you press the menu control key M2 the current range annunciator changes to
A at its very end indicating autoranging.
Similarly you proceed to set the voltage input to autoranging.
5.5 SELECTING SYNCHRONIZATION
Synchronization to current or voltage of phase 1 is possible. This synchronization is required for
the frequency measurement and partially also for the harmonic analysis. Furthermore, the display
values show better stability when synchronization is properly selected. In a 3-phase Power
Analyzer synchronization to current or voltage of phase 1 is performed.
For selection of synchronization the following criteria applies:

5-3 5-4
•Choose current synchronization when you are measuring current, voltage, and power.
•Choose voltage synchronization when you are measuring voltage only.
To select the type of synchronization you need move the cursor to the ∼I / ∼U annunciator and
press the SET-key. A pull-down menu appears. Move the cursor to the required label and press
the SET-key again!
5.6 SELECTING THE MEASUREMENT TIME
The measurement time sets the minimum time for signal averaging as well as the time for display
update. It can be varied from 100ms, 250ms, 500ms, 1s, to 2 seconds.
Furthermore, this averaging time is expanded to the end of the next signal period. This results in
stable readings down to 1Hz, frequency down to 0.1Hz. To select the measurement time move the
cursor to the measurement time annunciator and press the SET-key. The pull-down menu gives
you five choices. Select the one you need by moving the cursor to the desired position. Press the
SET-key to select the desired measurement time.
5.7 SELECTION OF AC- OR DC+AC-COUPLING
Coupling pertains to some, not all, measured quantities. AC-coupling is possible for the rms
values, for active-, apparent-, and reactive power, and for power factor.
Move the cursor to the quantity you want to change the coupling, e.g. rms current. The second
menu at the bottom of the display shows AC/DC and an annunciator DC+AC or AC on the left
side of the display indicates the presently set coupling for the selected measurement value. The
second menu key toggles the coupling from DC+AC to AC and vise versa.
Selecting AC means that this measurement value is without a possible dc-component and DC+AC
coupling means it is including the dc-component.
5.8 CHANGING THE DISPLAY CONFIGURATION
You have the choice of selecting 8 current values: rms, mean, rectified mean, crest factor,
minimum, maximum, peak-to-peak, and form factor. 8 values four voltage, four power related
quantities, frequency, three energies, charge, and harmonics of current , voltage, and power.
Any one of these measured values you can place at any location on the display. We recommend to
place the most important quantities at the top of the display.
This is how you modify the display, at one place, for example, the quantity at the bottom of the
first column.
Move the cursor to this location and press the SET-key. A table appears in which you can select
the quantity of your choice by moving the cursor to this position in the table. Press the SET-key to
place the new quantity on the display.
NOTE: When you make above changes they will be valid for phase L1, L2, and L3. The 3-phase
display „ALL“ is changed accordingly.
5.8.1 CHANGING THE HARMONIC NUMBER
When you have a harmonic value (current, voltage, or power) displayed in the display number
field you can change its harmonic number from 1-99 in the following manner: Move the cursor to
the position of the harmonic value. The harmonic annunciator N= .. on the left of the display
indicates the harmonic number.
The menus at the bottom of the display give you 4 choices to increment the harmonic number in
steps ±1 and ±10. Together with display HOLD this is a convenient way to step through the
harmonics.
5.9 MAIN MENU SELECTION
Move the cursor to the annunciator field on the left hand side of the display. The main menu
„HOLD, AUTO, PRINT, SPLIT, VIEW, SETUP“ appears at the bottom of the display.
NOTE: AUTO is displayed only when the cursor is moved downwards to the current- or voltage
range annunciator. AUTO applies to autoranging of current or voltage.
The menus are entered with the control keys M1 through M6.
5.9.1 DISPLAY HOLD
The measurement process and the display update can be stopped by pressing the menu control key
M1. The annunciator HOLD appears. A complete set of data from the latest measurement
interval is stored. To resume the measurement update, press key M1 again.
While the Power Analyzer is in HOLD you can inspect every measurement value by altering the
number field, e.g. you can step through every harmonic value of current, voltage, or power; you
can change the graphic area and view the harmonic bar graph of current, voltage, or power; or you
can display the wave form of current or voltage.

5-5 5-6
5.9.2 AUTO RANGE SELECTION
The menu AUTO (M2) appears when the cursor in the annunciator field is moved to either the
current- or the voltage range annunciator. To select current autoranging move the cursor to the
current range annunciator and press the menu control key M2.
To select voltage autoranging move the cursor to the voltage range annunciator and press the menu
control key M2.
NOTE: The power analyzer monitors current or voltage transients of less than 1µs duration. As a
consequence, occasional current- or voltage peaks cause undesired range changes or lead to race
conditions. In such cases use manual ranging.
5.9.3 SELECTING THE SIZE OF THE GRAPHIC AREA
The number field and the graphic area of the power analyzer can be increased or decreased using
the menu SPLIT (M4). Press the menu control key M4 to enter the menu „ESC, EXP, RED, , ,
,“ which allows you now to alter the graphic area. With EXP (=expand) you can increase it and
with RED (=reduce) you can decrease it. To return to the main menu press M1 (ESC).
NOTE: The graphic area is valid for the display of phase L1, L2, and L3. For the 3-phase display
„ALL“ there is no graphic area available.
5.9.4 SELECTING THE GRAPHIC DATA
The menu VIEW is selected by pressing the menu control key M5. The graphics selection menu
„ESC, FFTi, FFTu, FFTp, i(t), u(t)“ is entered. It allows you to choose graphics data by pressing
the menu control keys M2 through M6. In all bar graphs harmonic peak values are displayed (not
rms values).
Menu FFTi: Pressing the menu control M2 selects the harmonic bar graph of current.
(Note: The size of the graphic area can be changed at any time.) The horizontal axis
shows the harmonic numbers from 0-59, N=zero being the DC-value and N=1 being the
fundamental of the current. The vertical axis shows the magnitude of the harmonic
currents. The top of the scale is given in mA or A written along the top of the graph. The
scaling is done automatically and is dynamically adjusted to give optimum resolution.
NOTE: If you need more precise values of harmonic currents you can display them in
the display number field and step through the range of harmonics (1 through 99). The
harmonics displayed in the display number fields are rms values.
Menu FFTu: Press the menu control M3 to display the harmonic voltage bar graph. The
horizontal axis shows the harmonic numbers 0-59 and the vertical axis indicates the
magnitude of the voltage harmonic in mV or V. The scaling of the vertical axis is done
automatically and is adjusted for optimum resolution.
Menu FFTp: Press the control M4 to display the harmonic power bar graph. The horizontal
axis is moved to the middle of the graph to allow for positive and negative power
harmonics. A negative power harmonics results, when the phase angle of the
corresponding voltage- and current harmonic is larger than ±90°.
The harmonic numbers 0-59 are indicated at the bottom of the graph.
Menu i(t): The wave form display of current can be selected with the control key M5. In the
frequency range 2.5Hz to 300Hz the graph shows one cycle and above 300Hz two or
more cycles. The time base is given by the frequency indication in the display number
field.
The top of the vertical axis is given in mA or A and is automatically scaled.
Menu u(t): Finally, the wave form display of voltage can be selected by pressing the control
key M6. In the frequency range 2.5-300Hz one cycle is displayed and above 300Hz two
or more cycles. The time base is given by the frequency indication in the display number
field, e.g. the frequency indication shows 100.0Hz then one cycle corresponds to 10ms.
The vertical axis is automatically scaled and the top of the scale is given in mV or V.
5.10 SHORT TIME INTEGRATOR
The following quantities can be integrated for the duration of the selected measurement time: real-,
apparent-, and reactive power, and rectified mean current. The resulting values are energy in Wh,
apparent energy in VAh, reactive energy in Varh, and charge in Ah. The sign of the quantity to be
integrated is taken into account, that is, the displayed energy can be negative.
This is how you activate the short time integrator for a specific quantity, let’s say, for active
power. Move the cursor to active power and press SET.
The third menu along the bottom edge of the display shows ∫dt indicating that active power is
one of the quantities that can be integrated. When you press now the third menu button
the ∫annunciator appears next to the DC/AC-annunciator or, if it was selected
before, ∫disappears. The ∫annunciator indicates that power is integrated for the duration of
the selected measurement time.
For longtime energy computation refer to the section ENERGY COMPUTATION.
5.11 ENERGY COMPUTATION
The 2400 allows longtime energy computation of real-, apparent- and reactive power and charge
computation using rectified mean current. Once selected the energy and charge computation goes
on as long as the instrument is not in HOLD. Range changes during the measurement are allowed
and do not influence the result, accumulation over a period of more than 10 years is possible. The
resolution goes from nWh to MWh. The Three Phase Power Analyzer limits its
energy computation to real- and reactive energy.

5-7 5-8
5.11.1 SET-UP FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT
Let us assume all the energies need to be determined. Move the cursor to the number field where
you want to place active energy. Press SET; the selection table is presented. Move the cursor now
to ENERGY and press the SET-key again. By this time you are back in the number field. The
menu at the bottom of the display shows „HOLD, ACT, APP, REA, RESET, ,“ and gives you
the choice of active-, apparent-, and reactive power. To place active power in this number field
press M2, the annunciator ACT in the annunciator field indicates the type of energy.
Similarly you proceed to place apparent energy in another number field, that is, move the cursor to
this field, press the SET-key and select ENERGY, press SET again to come back to the number
field, and finally press M3 to select apparent energy.
In a similar manner reactive energy is set-up. Note that the accumulated values are indicated by
ACC.
5.11.2 SET-UP FOR CHARGE MEASUREMENT
Charge is determined by integrating the rectified mean value of current. So far we have set up 3
energy values. Let’s put the value of charge to a fourth number field as follows: move the cursor to
this number field. Press the SET-key move the cursor to RECT of current, press the SET-key
again to have the rectified mean current displayed in this number field. The menu at the bottom
shows „HOLD, , ∫dt, RESET, , ,“. Pressing M3 once you select short time integration,
press M3 again to select the desired longtime charge accumulation. The annunciator shows A,
meaning charge accumulation and the units in the number field are Ah.
5.11.3 STARTING AND STOPPING
Before starting a measurement energy and charge values are normally reset to zero. All three
energy values can be reset together, charge reset is separate.
This is how you can proceed. Bring the Power Analyzer to HOLD and reset energy- and charge
values. Press HOLD to start the measurement and press HOLD again to stop it.
5.11.4 READING ENERGIES AT PRECISE INSTANTS OF TIME
Energies at precise instants of time can best be read via one of the interfaces. The host sets the
time intervals and reads at these intervals from the Power Analyzer. The Power Analyzer responds
instantly, data are transferred in approximately 20ms. This way you obtain very precise energy
values.
5.12 SCALING OF CURRENT- AND VOLTAGE INPUTS
When the Power Analyzer starts up it’s current- and voltage scaling factors are set to 1.0. When
you are using any kind of transducer or current transformer you can scale the inputs to have actual
current- voltage-, and power values displayed.
To change the scaling factors enter the SETUP menu. Move the cursor to the scaling factor you
want to change. Let’s assume you want to change the current scaling factor to 250. Now press
SET. At this point you can modify single digits with the up- and down arrows. Move the cursor to
the first digit and set it to 2, move the cursor one digit to the right and set it to 5, and finally
modify the exponent to 02 and press SET to store the selected factor. The new scaling factor looks
like this:
Scale I +2.499999e02 which is very close to 250 for all practical purposes.
The Three Phase Power Analyzer uses the selected scaling factor for the 3 channels.
5.13 SAVING INSTRUMENT SETTINGS
5.13.1 THIS IS HOW YOU SAVE YOUR DESIRED INSTRUMENT
SETTING
Disconnect all inputs and interface connections to the instrument. Configure the display area and
the graphics area. Select the current input, select the desired ranges or select auto-ranging, select
the measurement time, and the synchronization. Select the attributes of the displayed quantities
such as AC- or DC-coupling, or integration. Also configure the RS-232-, the IEEE-488 interface,
and set the scaling factors. To save the complete setting under setting number 12 you proceed by
selecting the SETUP menu (M6). Move the cursor to “Setup Save No 00”. Press the SET key to
advance the save number. When set to 12 press ESCape (M1). This will store the complete
instrument setting under setting number 12. Valid “Setup Save No” are: 01, 02, .... 19, 20.
5.13.2 THIS IS HOW THE 2400 STARTS UP IN THE DESIRED
CONFIGURATION
The default start up No is 00. To have a start up under No 12 you proceed as follows: Enter the
SETUP menu (M6). Move the cursor to “Setup Recall No 00” and press SET to advance the recall
number to 12. Press ESCape (M1). From now on the 2400 starts up in the saved configuration 12.
You can always go back to the default startup by selecting “Startup No 00”. Valid “Setup Recall
No” are 00, 01, ... 19, 20.
WARNING: Disconnect all inputs and interface connections to the instrument before you
perform the procedures described in sections 5.13.1 and 5.13.2. Failure to do
so may result in erroneous set-up data stored in nonvolatile memory. This in
turn may lead to serious start-up problems.

6-1 6-2
6. OPERATING THE POWER ANALYZER USING THE
COMPUTER INTERFACE
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The Power Analyzer can be operated from a host by sending commands to it through a computer
interface on the rear panel.
Section 6 describes how to set up, configure, and operate the Power Analyzer via the RS-232 or the
IEEE-488 interface.
With the IEEE-488 interface the instrument is fully programmable for use on the IEEE standard 488.1
interface bus and also complies with the supplemental standard 488.2.
6.2 LOCAL AND REMOTE OPERATIONS
When the Power Analyzer is operated from a host then it is operated „remotely“, when operated from
its front panel the Power Analyzer is operated „locally“.
The Power Analyzer is no longer controllable from the front panel when via interface the Local
Lockout state has been enabled.
6.3 COMPUTER INTERFACES
Your Power Analyzer can be equipped without interface, with RS-232 interface (Option 01), or with
both RS-232 and IEEE-488 interface.
You can check in the SETUP menu which options you have installed. If an interface is not installed its
parameters are marked n/a (not available).
Basically, you can operate both, the RS-232 and the IEEE-488 interface, simultaneously. Due to
limited rear panel space you may have difficulties installing both interface connectors.
6.4 SETTING INTERFACE PARAMETERS
The Power Analyzer sets the parameters at startup to the following default values:
Band: 9600
Parity: None
Terminator: CR
Handshake: None
IEEE-address: 1
Above parameters can be changed by entering the SETUP menu via the front panel or by sending
commands through the computer interface.
In order for the Power Analyzer and the host to communicate through the interface the communication
parameters of the Power Analyzer must match those of the host.
6.5 CABLING THE POWER ANALYZER TO A HOST
Turn Power Analyzer off. When cabling is complete turn power on again.
The RS-232 interface on the Power Analyzer rear panel uses a DB-9 connector. Its pinout is given
below.
1 DCD Data Carrier Detect
2 RxD Received Data
3 TxD Transmitted Data
4 DTR Data Terminal
Ready
5 Grd Signal Ground
6 DSR Data Set Ready
7 RTS Request To Send
8 CTS Clear To Send
9RNGRing
The RS-232 cable length should be less than 15m to make sure not to exceed the allowable (2000pF)
cable capacitance.
To use the IEEE-488 interface cable the Power Analyzer to a host.
The IEEE-488 operation is governed by following limitations: a maximum of 15 devices can be
connected in a single bus system; the maximum length of cable must be less than 20m or 2m times the
number of devices in the system.
6.6 HOW THE POWER ANALYZER PROCESSES INPUT
The Power Analyzer processes and executes valid input strings sent by the host. The input string is
followed by an input terminator such as CR/LF (carriage return/line feed).
When the Power Analyzer receives input, it stores it in a 32 byte input buffer. As soon as the input
terminators have been recognized the data in the buffer are processed.
The Power Analyzer accepts upper and lower case characters. If a command can not be understood, or
it was longer than 32 characters which can not be the case for correct commands, the command will be
ignored and an error will be generated.
For the RS-232 you can select the Xon hand shake modus. Xon signals the host to stop transmission
when the input buffer of the Power Analyzer is full. If in this process information gets lost a device
dependent error will be generated.

6-3 6-4
For the IEEE-488 the hold-off is set when the input buffer of the Power Analyzer is full. This stops
data transmission instantly until space in the input buffer is made available.
6.6.1 INPUT TERMINATOR
An input terminator is a character or command (EO1, IEEE-488.1) sent by the host identifying the end
of a string. Any of these terminators will be recognized as „end of message“.
Valid terminators for the RS-232 interface are:
CR (Carriage Retunr), LF (Line Feed)
CRLF (Carriage Return / Line Feed), and
LFCR (Line Feed / Carriage Return)
Valid terminators for the IEEE-488 interface are:
EOI (End or Identify) and any or none of the combinations with CR (Carriage return) and LF
(Line Feed)
6.6.2 SENDING COMMANDS TO THE POWER ANALYZER
Command Action
VOLT:RMS:AC 1 AC-coupled rms voltage is displayed in display field 1 (fields
are: 0 = top left, 1 = top right ... 9). The minimum required
characters (upper case) are used.
voltage:rms:ac:? Query form. To this command the Power Analyzer outputs (in
scientific format) an alphanumeric string of the ac-coupled rms
voltage. The maximum allowable characters in lower case are
used.
CURR:SCALE 1.000eo Sets the current scaling factor of the Power Analyzer to 1.
CURR:SCALE? Query form. The Power Analyzer returns the current scaling
factor in scientific format.
CURR:FFT? Query form. The Power Analyzer returns the harmonics of
current in the range specified by the FORMAT:START/END
command.
Commands can be sent in upper or lower case characters. The upper case letters in the command set
table are the minimal string to be sent, the lower case letters are optional.
No space is allowed except for the selector at the end of a command where a space is mandatory.
RULE 1: Every command must be closed by a terminator. The maximum length must not
exceed 32 characters.
You cannot pack two commands into one, an error would be generated.
RULE 2: Read Power Analyzer’s output only once for each query command.
The output buffer is cleared after it has been read. This prevents previously read data from being read a
second time by mistake. A device dependent error is generated. (Query commands are identified by the
„?“ at its end).
RULE 3: Read query responses before sending an other command string.
If you send a query without removing the old message from the query before the old message gets lost.
A device dependent error is generated.
6.6.3 HOW THE POWER ANALYZER PROCESSES OUTPUT
When the host sends a query command the Power Analyzer places an alphanumeric string into the
output buffer. In case of the RS-232 interface, data are transmitted right away and are terminated with
the set terminators (see RS232: Terminator command). In case of the IEEE-488 interface the contents
of the output buffer is transmitted after the Power Analyzer has been addressed as talker. The string is
terminated with CR, LF accompanied with EOI.
The output from the Power Analyzer can be measurement data in scientific format. This can be a single
string or, for a range of harmonics, 2 to 99 strings.
The output data can also be a scaling factor, an instrument setting, a range indication, or an error
number.
Query Examples Explanation
VOLT:RMS? + 1.0238e+01 Measured voltage 10.238V
POW:ACT? - 1.8351e+00 Measured power -1.8351W
CURR:RMS? + 5.8975e-03 Measured current 5.8975mA
FORM:START 1 + 9.0000e+00
FORM:END 5 + 0.0000e+00 Harmonic currents n = 1 to 5.
CURR:FFT? + 3.0000e+00
+0.0000e+00
+1.8000e+00

6-5 6-6
6.6.4 OPTIMIZING SPEED FOR DATA TRANSFER
There may be applications where the speed of data transfer to the host becomes an issue. The speed is
increased when you configure the display monitor without graphic area. Without graphic area the
processor has more time available for servicing the interface. The highest data transfer speed is
achieved, when you bring the Power Analyzer into the HOLD mode first and then take all the readings.
This way the processor has more time to serve the interface. For example National Instruments IEEE-
488 software and hardware usually yields 75-100 values per second transfer rates.
6.7 SERVICE REQUESTS AND STATUS REGISTERS
Service requests let the Power Analyzer on the IEEE-488 bus get the attention of the host. Every
instrument or the IEEE-bus can set the service request (SRQ) bus line.
The host can determine which instrument made the request by taking a „serial poll“. In this process the
Status Byte Register will be set to 1, identifying it as an instrument that requested service.
Below the registers are summarized:
STATUS AND EVENT REGISTER DEFINITION
Power ON
User ReQuest (not used)
CoMmand Error
Execution Error
Device Dependant Error
Query Error (not used)
ReQuest Control (not used)
Operation complete
ESR *ESR?
(Event Status Read only
Register)
& & & & & & & & Logical AND
ESE *ESE [0...255]
(Event Status *ESE?
Enable Register) Read and write
Error Status Byte
Message available
RQS
STB ESB MAV *STB?
(Status Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Read only
Register) MSS
& & & & & & & & Logical AND
SRE ESB MAV *SBR [0...255]
(Service Request 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 *SBR?
Enable Register) Read and write
Register Description
STB Status Byte Register Read only. Bit 6 sets SRQ bus line.
Read by Serial Poll.
SRE Service Request Read and write. A bit set to 1
Enable Register in SRE will generate an SRQ when corresponding bit
in STB is also 1.
ESR Event Status Register Read only. Assigns specific events to specific bits.
ESE Event Status Read and wirte. Mask for event generation to set
Enable Register Event Summary Bit.
PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

6-7 6-8
EVENT STATUS REGISTER (ESR)
When, for example, a command Error occurs bit 5 is set to 1. The query *ESR? Returns a decimal
value corresponding to the bit setting.
EVENT STATUS ENABLE REGISTER (ESE)
It is the mask for the Event Status Register. When for the above example the command Error mask bit
5 is set the command Error would set the Error Status Byte in the Status Byte Register (STB).
STATUS BYTE REGISTER (STB)
The RQS, bit 6, if equal 1 sets the SRQ line true. The status bits 0-5, and 7 determine in conjunction
with the mask in the Service Request Enable Register whether RQS is set or not. Reading the Status
Byte Register with the query *STB? will return a decimal value, for example „32“. Converting 32 to
binary indicates that bit 5 (ESB) is set to 1.
6.8 COMPUTER INTERFACE COMMAND SET
The following table lists the RS-232 and IEEE-488 commands. The RS-232 and IEEE-488 commands
are identical, except where indicated. A parameter that must be supplied by the user is enclosed in
angle brackets (<parameter>). Commands can be sent in upper case or lower case.
IEEE-488 Interface Function Subsets:
SH1 Source Handshake, AH1 Acceptor Handshake,
T5 Talker, L4 Listener, SR1 Service Request,
RL1 Remote/Local, DC1 Device Clear.
The following conventions are used:
<F>= Field selector; it is an integer 0 to 9 used to select the display field on which a value must be
displayed. Field 0 is top left, 1 is top right, ... field 9 is bottom right.
<R>= Scientific formated real number, e.g. +1.0e1.
<N>= Signed integer number, e.g. +1024.
Query commands are terminated with „?“ and do not contain a <parameter>.
That part of the command that is written in capital letters is mandatory. The lower case letters are
optional.
* Command only available on a single phase instrument.
** Not available on non harmonic version of the instrument.
*** Command only available on three phase instrument.
COMMANDDESCRIPTION
VOLTage:RMS <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for DC coupled RMS voltage
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for AC coupled RMS voltage
:RECT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for rectified mean voltage
:MEAN <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for arithmetic DC voltage
:MIN <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for negative peak voltage
:MAX <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for positive peak voltage
:PEAK <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for peak to peak voltage
:FFT <
<<
<F>
>>
>:G ** Set the field (0,1,...,9) for voltage harmonic previously selected
by the FORMat:START command. Use the G argument instead
of <F>to display FFT(u) in the display graphic zone.
:FFT? ** Query all voltage harmonics in the range specified by the
FORMat:STart and FORMat:END commands.
:CREST <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for voltage crest factor
:FORM <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for voltage form factor
:CURVE Display u(t) in the display graphic zone
:SCale <
<<
<R>
>>
>Query or set voltage scaling factor
:THD <
<<
<F>
>>
>** Query or set field for Total Harmonic Distortion
CURRent:RMS <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for DC coupled RMS current
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for AC coupled RMS current
:RECT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for rectified mean current
:INT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for average charge (short time integration).
:ACCu <
<<
<F>
>>
>* Query or set field for charge (long time integration)
:RESET * Reset charge, no query form
:MEAN <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for DC current
:MIN <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for negative peak current
:MAX <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for positive peak current
:PEAK <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for peak to peak current
:FFT <
<<
<F>
>>
>:G ** Set the field (0,1,...,9) for current harmonic previously selected
by the FORMat:START command. Use the G argument instead
of <F>to display the FFT(i) in the display graphic zone.
:FFT? ** Query all current harmonics in the range specified by the
FORMat:START and FORMat:END commands.
:CREST <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for current crest factor
:FORM <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field for current form factor
:CURVE Display i(t) in the display graphic zone.
:SCale <
<<
<R>
>>
>Query or write current scaling factor
:THD <
<<
<F>
>>
>** Query or set field for Total Harmonic Distortion
POWer:ACTive <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled power in Watt
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled power in Watt

6-9 6-10
:INT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled average energy (short time
integration)
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled average energy (short time
integration)
:APParent <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled apparent power
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled apparent power
:INT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled average apparent energy (short
time integration)
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled average apparent energy (short
time integration)
:REActive <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled reactive power
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled reactive power
:INT <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field DC coupled average reactive energy (short
time integration)
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field AC coupled average reactive energy (short
time integration)
:FFT <
<<
<F>
>>
>:G ** Set the field (0,1,...,9) for the power harmonic previously
selected by the FORMat:START and FORMat:END command.
Use the G argument instead of <F>to display FFT(p) in the
display graphic zone.
:FFT? ** Query all power harmonics in the range specified by the
FORMat:STart and FORMat:END commands.
:FACtor <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set the field for the DC coupled power factor
:AC <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set the field for the AC coupled power factor
ENergy:ACTive <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field of energy (long time integration)
:APParent <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field of apparent energy (long time integration)
:REActive <
<<
<F>
>>
>* Query or set field or reactive energy (long time integration)
:RESET No query form, resets all energy values
FREQuency <
<<
<F>
>>
>Query or set field of current or voltage signal frequency.
Depends on current or voltage synchronisation.
IMPedance:MAGnitude <
<<
<F>
>>
>** Set the field for harmonic impedance previously selected by the
FORMat:START command.
:MAGnitude? ** Query all harmonic impedances in the range specified by the
FORMat:START and FORMat:END commands.
:ANGle <
<<
<F>
>>
>** Set the field for harmonic phase angle previously selected by
the FORMat:START command.
:ANGle? ** Query all harmonic phase angles in the range specified by the
FORMat:START and FORMat:END commands.
ACQuire:RANge:VOLTage Auto
300M Query or set voltage range
1
3 Examples:
10 ACQ:RAN:VOLT AUTO Voltage in autoranging.
30 ACQ:RAN:VOLT 300 Selects 300V range.
100
300
1000
ACQuire:RANge:CURRent Auto Query or set current input range
15M 1 60M (the valid option column is fixed
50M 3 200M by the active input, IN5, IN30,
150M 10 600M and SHUNT)
500M 30 2
1.5 100 6
5 20
15
:INput IN5 Query or set the current input or the shunt input.
IN30
SHunt
:SYNChro VOLTage Query or set instrument synchronization mode,
CURRent Synchronizes to phase 1
:APERture 100M Query or set the minimal averaging time
250M
500M Example:
1 ACQ:APER 500m Sets minimal averaging time to 500ms.
2
:Hold Run Query or set acquisition subsystem.
Stop Display data are held.
:QUality? Query overload and underload of current and voltage inputs. An
integer is returned. The integer indicates the state during the
previous query (VOLT:,CURR:,POW:,EN:, or FREQ:). For
more details refer to overload and underload register definition.
DISplay:FORMat [
[[
[0..5]
]]
]Query or set the number of numeric fields on the panel.
:PRint Print displayed values.
DISplay:Mode? *** Query or select display phase L1, L2, L3, or all three phases.
L1
L2
L3
ALL

6-11 6-12
FORMat:START <
<<
<N>
>>
>Query or set the range for data array transfer
:END <
<<
<N>
>>
>Range of N for harmonic values is 1 to 99.
Range of N for analog inputs is 0-7.
If the value specified is out of range or start>end the correction
is done when values are queried using VOLT:FFT?,
CURR:FFT?, POW:FFT?, IMP:FFT?, IMP:MAG, IMP:ANG,
or AINP?.
FORMat:PHase? *** Query or select phase for data transfers such as:
L1 VOLT:RMS?, or DISplay:Print.
L2 Has no affect on AINPort command.
L3 Σvalue is returned. If it is not defined zero is returned.
ALL
AINPort <
<<
<F>
>>
>Set display field for analog input port previously selected by the
FORMat:START/END command.
AINPort? Query all analog input port values identified by the
FORMat:START/END command. Range of allowed ports is 0
to 7.
VERsion? Query form only. Returns software version
LOCk Locks the instrument’s front panel controls. The query form
returns YES or NO whether the controls are locked or not.
UNLock Unlock the instrument front panel controls.
RS232? Query form only, returns all settings. Output format is
BAUD;PARITY;TERM;HAND
RS232:BAUD 300 Query or set baud rate
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
:PARITY None Query or set parity mode
Even
Odd
:TERMinator CR Query or set command terminating characters.
LF
CRLf
:HANDshakes None Query or set handshake mode
Xon
GPIB:ADDRess [
[[
[0..30]
]]
]Query or set GPIB address
*ESE [
[[
[0..255]
]]
]Query or set the Event Status Enable register
*SRE [
[[
[0...255]
]]
]Query or set the Service Request Enable register
*STB? Query the STatus Byte register (IEEE-488 only)
*ESR? Query the Event Status Register (IEEE-488 only)
*RST Resets instrument
*OPC Set ISR bit 0 if no printing AND no measurement are pending
(GPIB only).
*OPC? Returns 1 if no printing AND no measurement are pending.
*TST? Performs selftest, returns zero if successful
*WAI Suspends command execution until previous commands are complete.
*TRG Forces a running measurement to become pending if in RUN mode. Forces
a measurement if in STOP mode.
*IDN? Returns identification string in form:<Vendor, Model, Serial No, Firmware
version>.
*CLS CLear status (no query form), (IEEE-488 only)
ERRor? Query the last error code

6-13 6-14
ERROR CODES DEFINITIONS:
102 Syntax Error
The command was not recognized. ESR bit 5 is set (CoMmand Error)
110 Command header error
A command followed by ‘?’ was sent were no query form is available. And conversly: no ‘?’
followed a query form only command. ESR bit 5 is set (CoMmand Error).
111 Header separator error
Attempted to descend the command hierarchy at a place where there wasn’t any subcommand.
ESR bit 5 is set (CoMmand Error).
140 Character data error
A too long and/or sensless command has been sent to the instrument. ESR bit 5 is set
(CoMmand Error).
222 Data Out Of Range
The command argument is not allowed. ESR bit 4 is set (EXecution Error).
2204 Measurement error, Measurement underflow. ESR bit 4 is set (EXec. Err.).
2207 Measurement error, Measurement overflow. ESR bit 4 is set (EXec. Err.)
350 Queue overflow
This occurs if a query command attempts to place a new message onto the instruments output
queue but there was still an old message waiting on the queue. This results in information
loss. The query answer is replaced by ‘350’ and ESR bit 3 is set (Device Dependant Error).
2200 Input signal over- and underload. One or more current- or voltage inputs were in over- or
underload during the last query (VOLT:,CURR:,POW:,EN:, FREQ:).
ESR bit 4 is set.
Overload and Underload Register Definition
Voltage 3 overrange
Current 3 overrange
Voltage 2 overrange
Current 2 overrange
Voltage 1 overrange
Current 1 overrange
... 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Current 1 underrange
Voltage 1 underrange
Current 2 underrange
Voltage 2 underrange
Current 3 underrange
Voltage 3 underrange
Bit 15 ... 12 are not defined and are reserved for extension.

7-1 7-2
7. THE POWER ANALYZER OPTIONS
The Power Analyzer can be equipped with options 01, 02, and 03 which are all mounted on the Option
Assembly Board. Option 04 is external to the Power Analyzer.
7.1 INSTALLING THE OPTION ASSEMBLY
WARNING: To avoid electric shock, disconnect the power cord and test leads before removing
the instrument hood.
Remove three screws each on the left and right hand side of the hood and slide it over the top of the
instrument.
Figure 7.1. shows the physical location of the Option Assembly. Figure 7.2. shows the flat ribbon
connecting cables from the Option Assembly to the Processor Assembly and from the Option Assembly
to the rear panel.
To install the Option Assembly remove first the front panel. Along the left and right front edge there
are 4 and along the bottom edge there are 2 screws. Unscrew them and slide out the front panel,
disconnect J21 (display connector) and put the front panel face down between the two instrument side
panels.
In this position you can install the Option Assembly by first connecting J42 to the DC/DC Converter
Assembly, J34 to J16, J35 to J15. Now fasten the Option Assembly onto the three bolts on the
Processor Assembly.
Connect the option output cables J37 (printer output), J38 (RS-232 output), J36 (IEEE-488), J39
(Analog-in and analog output). All these cables go from the Option Assembly, over the Separator
(Figure 7.1.), along the right hand side panel to the rear panel.
The clips supplied are used to hold the cables above the main supply. Keep the cables 1cm away from
any part of the main supply. Fold the 24pol flat ribbon cable around the 14pol cables and insert this
package in the clips. Stick the clips to the side panel such that the edges of the flat ribbon cables are
along the side panel top edge. (see Figure 7.3).
Finally, mount the aluminum cable separator between power supply and flat ribbon cables. Loosen the
two top screws of the power supply binding posts and place cable separator between side panel and
binding posts, fasten the two screws again.
Figure 7.1 Physical location of Option Asesembly Unit