Buffalo Tech TeraStation User manual

Network Attached Storage
www.buffalotech.com
35011930-03
2013-10
TeraStation
Hard Drive Operating Guide

1
Contents
Chapter 1 Changing RAID Modes .................................................................. 2
RAID Arrays .......................................................................................................................................................2
Using JBOD .......................................................................................................................................................4
Creating a RAID Array from JBOD ............................................................................................................5
Conguring a Hot Spare ..............................................................................................................................6
RMM (RAID Mode Manager) ......................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2 Adding an External Hard Drive .................................................... 9
Connect an External Drive ..........................................................................................................................9
Formatting the External Drive ...................................................................................................................10
Access Restrictions on External Drives ...................................................................................................11
Chapter 3 Removing Hard Drives .................................................................. 12
Dismounting with the Function Button ................................................................................................12
Dismounting from Settings ........................................................................................................................13
Chapter 4 Managing your TeraStation .......................................................... 14
RAID Scanning ................................................................................................................................................14
Disk Check ........................................................................................................................................................15
Encrypt Hard Drives on the TeraStation .................................................................................................15
Formatting Disks ............................................................................................................................................16
Media Cartridge System ..............................................................................................................................17
Chapter 5 Extensions ..................................................................................... 18
Direct Copy .......................................................................................................................................................18
Disk Quotas ......................................................................................................................................................20
Enable/Disable LVM (Logical Volume Manager) .................................................................................25
Create Volumes ...............................................................................................................................................26
Extending Volumes .......................................................................................................................................27

2
The default RAID mode of your TeraStation is dierent for dierent models as shown below.
TeraStation Modes
TS-WVHL RAID 1
TS-QVHL
RAID 6
TS-6VHL
TS-8VHL
TS-RVHL
The characteristics of each type of RAID are described below.
• RAID 6
RAID 6 is available for TeraStation models with 4 or more hard drives. It combines 4 or more drives into a single array.
It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The usable space is equal to the
sum of the capacity of the hard drives minus the capacity of two drives. If 4 hard drives are combined into a RAID 6 array,
the usable space will be the sum of 2 drives’ capacity.
If 2 hard drives in the array are damaged, you can recover data by replacing them. You cannot recover data if 3 or more
drives are damaged.
• RAID 61
RAID 61 is available for TeraStation models with 8 hard drives. RAID 61 combines 8 hard drives into a single array. In this
mode, two RAID 6 arrays are combined in a RAID 1 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower
than other RAID modes. Identical data is written to multiple hard drives. The total usable space is equal to the capacity
of the smallest drive multiplied by the number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 2.
• RAID 60
RAID 60 is available for TeraStations with 8 hard drives. It combines 8 hard drives into a single array. In this mode, two
RAID 6 arrays are combined in a RAID 0 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other
RAID modes. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by (number of hard drives ÷
2 – 2) × 2.
• RAID 5
RAID 5 is available for TeraStations with 4 or more hard drives. It combines 3 or more drives into a single array. It
generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The usable space is equal to the
sum of the capacity of the hard drives minus the capacity of one drive. If 3 hard drives are combined into a RAID 5 array,
RAID Arrays
Chapter 1
Changing RAID Modes

3
the usable space is the sum of 2 hard drives.
If one drive in the array is damaged, you can recover data by replacing the damaged drive. You cannot recover data if 2
or more drives are damaged.
• RAID 51
RAID 51 is available for TeraStations with 6 or more hard drives. RAID 51 combines 6 or 8 hard drives into a single array.
In this mode, two RAID 5 arrays are combined into a RAID 1 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are
slower than other RAID modes. Identical data is written to multiple hard drives. The total usable space is equal to the
capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by the number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 1.
• RAID 50
RAID 50 mode is available for TeraStation models with 6 or more hard drives. RAID 50 combines 6 or 8 drives into a
single array. In this mode, two RAID 5 arrays are combined into a RAID 0 array. It generates parity during writes, so
access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive
multiplied by (number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 1) × 2.
• RAID 10
RAID 10 is available for TeraStation models with 4 or more hard drives. In this mode, mirrored pairs of drives in RAID 1
arrays are combined into a RAID 0 array. Usable space will be the sum of 2 drives’ capacity.
• RAID 1
Combines 2 or more hard drives into a mirrored array. The available space in the array is the capacity of a single drive.
Identical data is written to each drives. If a drive is damaged, data can be recovered by replacing the damaged drive. If
all drives in an array are damaged, data cannot be restored.
• RAID 0
Uses 2 or more hard drives. Multiple hard drives are combined into a single array. The disk space you can use is the total
space of all hard drives used. This improves performance. If one hard drive fails, then all data in the array is lost.
• JBOD
This mode uses the hard drives inside the TeraStation as individual drives. The disk space you can use is the total
capacity of all hard drives in the TeraStation. If any drives is damaged, you cannot recover data from that drive.
Notes:
• While a RAID array is being rebuilt, the message “RAID I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” is displayed on the LCD panel and le
transfers will be slower.
• If you change the RAID mode, all of the data on the drives is deleted. Always back up any important data before
changing the RAID mode.
• In this document, “recovery” means putting the TeraStation back to the state it was in before the malfunction
happened. It does not mean reading data from failed hard drives.
• Before physically removing a hard drive from the TeraStation, dismount it in the TeraStation’s settings as described on
page 14. If a drive is unplugged without dismounting it rst, the TeraStation may not operate properly.

4
Using JBOD
With JBOD, each hard drive in the TeraStation is addressed separately. To put drives from an array into JBOD mode,
follow the steps below.
1 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array.
2
3 Click Delete RAID Array.
4 When the RAID Array operation window opens, click Apply.
5 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
6 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now set up JBOD. Next, create a shared folder.
Select the array you want to congure.
Conrm Operation screen
When you perform any of the following tasks, a Conrm Operation screen is displayed . To
continue, enter the displayed number within 60 seconds and click Apply.
• Changing RAID array (Create or Delete)
• Deleting shared folders
• Restoring the TeraStation to factory defaults
• Formatting TeraStation
• Emptying recycle bin of each shared folder
• Formatting RAID array or hard drives
• Removing hard drives
• Rebuilding RAID array
• Conguring hot spare
• Conguring normal mode
• Enabled or disabled LVM
• Deleting LVM volumes
Conrm Operation
Screen

5
1 Change system to JBOD.
2 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array.
3
4
5
Note: After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID
check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID
I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn o the TeraStation. If you turn
it o, the RAID check will start over.
6 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
7 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now set up a RAID array. Next, create a shared folder.
Note: If a hard drive not included in the RAID array is left over, it is recommended that you set this drive as a hot spare
drive for automatically replacing a failed hard drive.
Click the array you want to congure.
1 Select your desired RAID mode.
2 Click Create Raid Array.
Select hard drives to be added.
Creating a RAID Array from JBOD

6
Conguring a Hot Spare
If one of the drives in the array fails, the TeraStation will switch over to the hot spare immediately. You can congure
another drive as a hot spare if the following condition are met:
• There is an extra drive not used in the array.
• Your TeraStation is in RAID 6, RAID 5, RAID 51, RAID 50, RAID 10, or RAID 1.
Note: All data in the hot spare drive will be deleted when it is congured as a hot spare and again when it changes over
from a spare to a drive in the array.
1 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array.
2
3
4 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
5 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now congured a hot spare.
Choose a RAID array.
Click Set to spare-disk.

7
RMM (RAID Mode Manager)
With RMM, you can create or expand a RAID array without erasing the data on the drives.
Changing from normal mode to RAID 1:
Hard drives that aren’t in a RAID array will show “Normal (RMM available)”. You must have at least two drives available
(not in a RAID array) to use RMM.
Adding a drive to an existing RAID array or adding a drive and changing the RAID mode:
You have RAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 51, RAID 50, or RAID 6 array. You must have at least one drive not currently in
the array shown “Normal (RMM available)”.
Notes:
• Each drive should have the same capacity.
• RMM can be used to expand only one hard drive per operation. To expand by two or more hard drives, RMM must be
performed several times.
1
2
3
Changing from normal mode to RAID 1:
Notes:
• After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID
check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID I17
ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn o the TeraStation. If you turn it o,
the RAID check will start over.
• If the TeraStation is restarted or shut down while changing the RAID mode, the message displayed on the LCD
panel changes from I46 and I47 to I18.
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array. Select RMM for RAID
Mode.
1 Select the drive whose data will not be erased from the pull-down
menu.
2 Select the drive to be added to the RAID array.
3 Click Create RAID 1 while retaining data (RMM).
If there are multiple hard drives not already included in a RAID array, or if
drives were formatted from Settings, Status under System - Storage appears
as “Normal (RMM available)”.

8
Adding a drive to an existing RAID array or adding a drive and changing the RAID mode:
Note: After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID
check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID
I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn o the TeraStation. If you turn
it o, the RAID check will start over.
4 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
5 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now completed the procedure for changing the RAID mode with RMM.
1 Select the drive to be added to the RAID array.
2 After adding the drive, click your desired RAID mode for the RAID array.

9
Chapter 2
Adding an External Hard Drive
Connect an External Drive
Your TeraStation includes USB ports. You can connect a Bualo external hard drive to it for backup or extra storage.
If the hard drive is already formatted, it will be detected automatically. If it is not formatted, format it from within
Settings.
One external hard drive may be connected to each USB port on the TeraStation. USB hubs are not supported.
Warning! Do not unplug the drive from the TeraStation without dismounting it rst. Turn to page 13 for directions on
dismounting a connected drive.
If the drive properly connected, “usbdiskX”
is added to the TeraStation’s shares on the
network, where X is the # of the drive.
Note: Files that are automatically created by
Mac OS cannot be backed up to a FAT32 drive
because they contain characters that are not
allowed in FAT32. In some cases, an error can
occur and stop the backup process before it
is nished.

10
• A format deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it. It
will take a several minutes to format a drive.
• Shared folders cannot be accessed during formatting.
• Do not turn o or disconnect power to the TeraStation while formatting a hard drive.
1
2
3
4 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
5 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• The info LED on the front of the TeraStation will ash during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders cannot be
accessed until the disk format is complete.
• If the hard drive is connected to the USB connector, partitions will be recreated.
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks.
1 Select the drive to format. Make sure that you have
the right drive!
2 Click Format Disk.
Formatting the External Drive
1 Select File System.
2 Click Format.

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Access Restrictions on External Drives
Refer to the TeraStation User Guide for more information on access restrictions.
Notes
• The TeraStation supports many types of USB devices including USB storage devices, card readers, digital cameras, and
USB printers. Other devices are not supported, such as USB hubs, card readers that recognize multiple memory cards,
and USB mice and keyboards.
• You can connect one hard drive to each USB port. Only Bualo drives are supported.
• Set the power mode for drives connected to the TeraStation to “manual”. Drives in “auto” power mode may not be
recognized.
• Direct Copy doesn’t work with the HD-DU2 series DriveStation unless it has been reformatted.
• The TeraStation can supply bus power to a single external drive only. For multiple drives, or if you experience power
problems, connect an AC adapter to each hard drive.
• Only the primary partition of the hard drive connected via USB connector will be recognized. Secondary and other
partitions will not be recognized.
• Two-drive TeraStations do not support bus-powered USB drives.

12
Chapter 3
Removing Hard Drives
Dismounting with the Function Button
To dismount a USB drive, press and hold the function button for 7 seconds. The function button will be illuminated in
blue (The LED next to the function button will be illuminated in blue on a rackmount TeraStation). After the light in the
function button goes out, you can safely remove your USB device.
Notes:
• Wait 3 minutes before reconnecting a dismounted USB drive. It may not be recognized if you attempt to connect it
immediately.
• When two TeraStations are congured for failover, if the main TeraStation is in maintenance mode, dismounting USB
devices will not be possible. Turn o the TeraStation before unplugging the USB device.
If the TeraStation is on, always dismount external hard drives before disconnecting them. You may dismount drives
with the Function button, or from within Settings. If the TeraStation is turned o, dismounting is not necessary.

13
1
2
When the Conrm Operation screen opens, enter the displayed number within 60 seconds and click Apply.
3 The function button will glow blue (on the rackmount TeraStation, the LED next to the function button will glow).
Remove the drive within 30 seconds.
Note: After 30 seconds, the drive will be remounted. If this happens, perform another dismount before
removing it.
The drive has been safely removed.
1 Select the drive.
2 Click Remove Disk.
Dismounting from Settings
In Settings, click System – Storage – Disks.

14
Chapter 4
Managing your TeraStation
RAID Scanning
RAID scanning allows regular scans of your RAID arrays to be congured to run automatically. Errors will be xed as
they are found if possible.
For best results, schedule regular RAID scans if you use RAID arrays in your TeraStation.
1
2
You have congured RAID scanning.
1 Click Enable.
2 Select your desired schedule for RAID Scanning Schedule.
Notes:
• Select Shut Down to have the TeraStation shut down automatically when
an error is detected.
• If Begin Immediate RAID Scan is selected, then a RAID scan will begin
immediately.
• To stop a RAID scan, click Abort RAID Scanning.
3 Click Save.
1 In Settings, click System - Storage - RAID Scanning.
2 Click Modify Settings.

15
Disk Check
A disk check tests the data on a drive in the TeraStation or connected via USB. Errors are xed automatically. A disk
check may run for more than ten hours. Shared folders cannot be accessed during the disk check. Do not turn o
power to the TeraStation during the disk check.
Run a disk check as follows:
1 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks.
2
3
The message “Checking“ will be displayed on the LCD panel during the disk check. The TeraStation’s shared
folders cannot be accessed until the disk check is complete.
Note: If a power outage disconnects the TeraStation in the middle of a disk check, then you may not be able
to access shares on the TeraStation from Mac OS. This is because the database created by Mac OS is
damaged. To resolve, navigate to System - Storage - Check Disk and check Delete any hidden, non-essential
Mac OS dedicated les. Rerun the disk check when done.
1 Select the hard drive to test.
2 Click Check Disk.
Click Check.
If encryption is selected during a reformat of a drive or array, it will be encrypted with 128 bit AES. The drive or array will
then be only readable from that specic TeraStation. To unencrypt the hard drive, uncheck Encrypt and format it again.
Notes:
• Performance will be slower if an array or drive is encrypted.
• USB drives cannot be encrypted.
• Data recovery services will probably not be able to recover data from an encrypted drive or array.
Encrypt Hard Drives on the TeraStation

16
Formatting Disks
Notes:
• Formatting deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it. It
will take a several minutes to format a hard drive.
• Shared folders cannot be accessed during formatting.
• Do not turn o the TeraStation or disconnect power cable while formatting a hard drive.
• To erase all data on a disk, choose System - Restore/Erase instead of formatting.
1 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks.
2
3
4 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
5 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• A format may take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours depending on the size of your drives.
• The message “Formatting” will be displayed on the LCD panel during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders
cannot be accessed until the disk format is complete.
• If the hard drive is an external USB drive, its partitions will be recreated.
1 Select the drive to format.
2 Click Format Disk.
1 Select File System.
Note: If you check Encryption, the drive will be encrypted
with 128 bit AES. It will be normally accessible
in the TeraStation, but if removed, it will not be
accessible from other devices. If encryption is
enabled, data recovery services will not be able to
recover data from a damaged disk. To unencrypt
the drive, uncheck Encryption and format it again.
2 Click Format.

17
Media Cartridge System
The Media Cartridge System enables you to use an internal hard drive as a removable storage device in the same way as
an external hard drive. The Media Cartridge System can be used for removing the internal hard drive and connecting it
to another TeraStation with the data intact.
Notes:
• Formatting deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it.
It will take a several minutes to format a hard drive.
• Do not turn o the TeraStation or disconnect power while formatting a hard drive.
• Hard drives that are converted to a media cartridge do not support changing RAID modes, creating LVM volume, or
access restrictions.
• Hard drives that are converted to a media cartridge do not support connection to a computer for reading.
1 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks.
2
3
4 Enter the conrmation number and click Apply.
5 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• The message “Formatting” will be displayed on the LCD panel during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders
cannot be accessed until the disk format is complete.
• A format may take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours depending on the size of your drives.
1 Select the drive to format.
2 Click Format Disk.
1 Select File System.
Note: If you check Encryption, the drive will be encrypted
with 128 bit AES. It will be normally accessible
in the TeraStation, but if removed, it will not be
accessible from other devices. If encryption is
enabled, data recovery services will not be able to
recover data from a damaged disk. To unencrypt
the drive, uncheck Encryption and format it again.
2 Select Media Cartridge.
3 Click Format.

18
Chapter 5
Extensions
Direct Copy
Direct Copy automatically copies movie, music, and images directly to the TeraStation from a USB device.
You can connect many types of USB devices to the TeraStation, including USB hard drives, USB ash drives, single-card
card readers, digital cameras, and USB printers. USB hubs, mice, keyboards, and card readers that support 2 or more
cards are not supported.
Note: When two TeraStations are congured for failover, if the main TeraStation is in maintenance mode, Direct Copy
will not be available.
1 Connect the USB device. When it mounts (about 10 seconds), the function button will light up.
Note: Devices that don’t trigger the function button to light up are not supported.
2 You now have 60 seconds to hold down the function button for 3 seconds. If you do, the function button will
ash as all the les on the USB device are copied to the Direct Copy folder.
Notes:
• While the function button is ashing, hold it down for 3 seconds to cancel Direct Copy.
• To change the Direct Copy target folder, navigate to Backup - Direct Copy - Edit, select a new folder, and click
Save.
Files are copied to the folder:
<Direct Copy folder>/pictures/yyyymmdd
yyyy: year copied
mm: month copied
dd: date copied
You may change the destination shared folder for Direct Copy in Shared Folders - Direct Copy - Modify Settings in
Settings. Subsequent Direct Copy folders are created at:
<Direct Copy folder>/pictures/yyyymmdd/n
yyyy: year copied
mm: month copied
dd: date copied
n: 1st time n=0, 2nd time n=1, 3rd time=2 and so on.

19
For USB mass storage class USB devices, les with following extensions will be copied.
avi, divx, asf, mpg, mpe, m1v, vob, mts, m2ts, m2t, mpeg, mpeg2, vdr, spts, tp, ts, 3gp, mov, m4v, wmv, dvr-ms,
xvid, mp4, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, tif, ti, yuv, bmp, mp3, mpa, wma, aac, apl, ac3, lpcm, pcm, wav, m3u, m4a, m4b, aif,
ai, ac, ogg, mp2, mp1
For digital cameras and other devices that don’t follow the USB Mass Storage Class standard, all les on the
device will be copied.
3 When the access LED of the USB device goes o, the copy is nished. Dismount the USB device before
unplugging it.
To dismount the USB device if the TeraStation is on, hold in the function button for 6 seconds. The blue LED will
go out, and the USB device is dismounted. You may now unplug it safely.
If you turn o the TeraStation, the USB device is already dismounted, and you can remove it safely.