Cailabs Aroona Star User manual
©Atypix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4
6
7
7
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
12
12
14
15
15
16
16
17
18
18
18
19
20
20
20
21
22
23
23
23
23
24
25
25
26
26
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53
Introduction
Safety
Technical speciications
Technical support
Warranty
Architecture of an AROONA-STAR link
Installation equipment
AROONA-STAR box contents
Equipment needed to proceed with the installation
Quick installation guide
Detailed installation guide
Technical check of a link by relectometry: a pre- and post-installation analysis tool
Relectometry measurement setup (OTDR)
Interpretation of relectometry measurements (OTDR) and link compliance
Connector replacement along the link
Link concatenation
Installing AROONA equipment
Rack AROONA-STAR
Compact AROONA-STAR unit
Splicing technique for successfully installing AROONA-STAR equipment
Splicing principle
Fusion splicing process
Splicing multimode iber to single-mode iber
User guide
Transceivers compatibility
Optical power budget
Extinction ratio
Choosing a transceiver for a 10 Gb/s link
Upgraded link production
At the network core
At the remote site (distance between both sites < 800 m / 0.5 mile)
At the remote site (distance between both sites > 800 m / 0.5 mile)
Wavelength division multiplexing
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting procedure
Connectors cleaning procedure
Dry-cleaning
Cleaning with a solvent
Detachable sheet for AROONA-STAR channel identiication
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
3.
A.
B.
C.
5.
1.
A.
B.
C.
2.
A.
B.
C.
3.
6.
1.
2.
A.
B.
4
1. Introduction
The AROONA-STAR series gives a new youth to any LAN. They are mode adapter that increases
multimode links capacity. A single AROONA-STAR device allows the simultaneous upgrade of several
multimode iber links of a network infrastructure.
This manual details the procedure to be followed to install
AROONA-STAR equipments and to put the upgraded links
in production.
©Atypix
5
AROONA-STAR
within a star links coniguration
AROONA-STAR within a point to
point links coniguration
6
1. Safety
Once connected to a transceiver, optical emissions from
optical connectors or from bare iber at the output of
AROONA-STAR equipments are produced by a laser and can
be hazardous to the eyes.
Don’t look directly at the optical cable core unless there is no
light source at the other end of that iber. An optical power
meter can be used to ensure there is no light travelling in the
iber.
For more information about the laser emission from transceivers
please refer to the relevant technical document.
Optical ibers are made of glass therefore can break easily
and so are a serious hazard. Proceed with care during splicing
operation making sure no glass gets into the skin as it could
cause serious irritations.
Washing hands after handling bare iber is essential.
Do not open or dismantle the internal AROONA-STAR
casing. The modal adapter is bounded to its box and must
be contained within it. Any opening or dismantling could
damage the equipment and will void warranty.
Handle AROONA-STAR equipments with care, do not pull nor
bend the output optical ibers.
To insure personnel safety Cailabs recommends installation of
AROONA-STAR to be carried on by two people.
Warning: to prevent injuries take precautions to guarantee
system stability while ixing the equipment to the iber cabinet.
All technical information within this manual is only valid if the
equipment in accordance to recommended conditions of use.
7
3. Technical support
4. Warranty
If any issue arises please refer to the “Troubleshooting” part of
this manual (p25).
If the issue continues please contact Cailab’s technical support:
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +33 9 77 21 63 96
Website : https://www.cailabs.com/en/contact/
Cailabs products are guaranteed to be free of defects under the conditions applicable to the sale.
2. Technical speciications
PARAMETER AROONA-STAR
Operating wavelength O-band to C-band ie [1260-1565 nm]
Reach
< 800m (standard)
< 10 km (with additional AROONA-STAR installed on the remote site)
Number of bers Exists in 2/4/8/12/24
System capacity Up to 100Gb/s per channel - Compatible with WDM
Independent data rate over each ber
Insertion loss < 2dB (typical: 1.5dB)
Communication protocol Transparent to standard protocols (Ethernet, Fiber Channel, etc.)
Compatible transceivers Any type of single-mode duplex or bidirectional transceiver in O-band or C-band
Housing size
Rack 19’’ 1U for 4/8/12/24 ibers version
H: 43 mm x W: 480 mm x D: 250 mm
High density packaging available for 2-ibers version
(to be installed in existing patch panel):
H: 5 mm x W: 100 mm x D: 12 mm
©Atypix
AROONA-STAR - 19’’ 1U rack AROONA-STAR - small form factor
* Depending on the quality of the MMF connection at the end of the line, losses <1.5 dB can be observed at the level of the MMF/
SMF.
8
5. Architecture of an AROONA-STAR link
Within the framework of upgrading an MMF link with the AROONA solution, diferent parameters are taken into account in order
to determine the complexity of the link and the suitable architecture.
Whatever the complexity of the link, AROONA-STAR equipment is installed at the beginning of the MMF iber. The multimode links
are classiied by their lengths, which afects the coniguration at the end of the line.
Length of MMF link END OF LINE Architecture
diagram
< 400 m Existing MMF connector held in place (*)
≥400 m and < 800 m
Replacement of the existing MMF connector with an SMF connector in the
patch panel (single-mode connectorization or single-mode pigtail splicing),
with connectors adapted to the existing patch panel
(**)
≥800 m Installation of an additional AROONA-STAR unit at the remote site (***)
The number of intermediate patch points is a criterion of link
complexity. Note that any intermediate connector must be
replaced by a splice (see part 4 “Detailed installation guide”
p12). The links can be classiied according to the number of
segments they are made up of and therefore by the number of
splices present on the link. The complexity of the link afects the
type of transceivers used for starting production of the link (see
part 5 "User guide" p20).
Link complexity Number of segments Number of splices on the link
Simple 1 1 to 2
Standard 2 to 4 3 to 8 *
Complex > 4 > 8 *
* By default, the insertion of an extension between each segment is considered, i.e. 2 splices between each section.
10 Gb/s
transceiver 10 Gb/s
transceiver
10 Gb/s
transceiver
SMF
patchcord
SMF
connector
SMF
patchcord
SMF
patchcord 10 Gb/s
transceiver
MMF link
< 400 m
Splice
Patch panel Patch panel
Tx
Rx Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
10 Gb/s
transceiver
MMF link
≥ 400 m < 800 m
10 Gb/s
transceiver
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
AROONA-STAR
AROONA-STAR
MMF link
≥ 800 m
AROONA-STAR
AROONA-STAR
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
SMF
patchcord
SMF
patchcord
SMF
patchcord
9
2. Installation equipment
According to the ordered equipment, each AROONA-STAR
cardboard box contains.
- AROONA-STAR equipment, 19’’ 1U rack or compact module,
consumables for installation purpose and a user manual.
1. AROONA-STAR box contents
AROONA-STAR products are shipped by Cailabs
ready-to-work. No coniguration is needed once the
installation process has been completed.
10
2. Equipment needed to proceed with the installation
The following equipment is required to be able to splice AROONA-STAR product to the existing multimode ibers:
• Optical fusion splicer
• Lint-free wipes
• Cleaning solvent for ibers (isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol or ethanol)
• Kevlar scissors
• Stripper for cable and optical iber
• Optical iber cleaver
• Fiber optic extension (62.5 /125 or 50/125 depending on the type of MMF being connected)
• Splice protector
• 1310 nm single mode relectometer
• SMF primer coil
• Single-mode optical cords
11
To install AROONA-STAR equipment at the central site,
follow the next steps. More details are available in the detailed
installation guide.
1. Proceed to the insertion of the AROONA-STAR in the
network bay.
2. Before any intervention, it is recommended to carry out
a relectometry measurement on each iber. Doing this
technical check of the link so you can assess the iber
quality and proceed to the preparation steps for the
upgrade (see section 4.1.B. Interpretation of relectometry
measurment (OTDR) and link compliance" p14).
3. According to OTDR analysis, replace any connectors along
the link with fusion splices. For links between 400 m and
800 m, replace the multi-mode end connectors with single-
mode connectors. For splicing single-mode pigtails onto
multi-mode ibers, use the "MMF auto" program with clad
to clad alignment. For links > 800 m, install an additional
AROONA-STAR at the end of the link on the remote site.
4. Locate the multi-mode ibers to be upgraded: cut of the
end connectors
5. Fusion splice the ibers being upgraded to the ibers leaving
the corresponding AROONA-STAR. If the splicer has
several alignment modes (clad to clad or core to core), it
is recommended that you select the "MMF auto" program,
with clad to clad alignment. Insert the splice protection
into a coiling cassette. Insert everything into the multi-
mode iber distribution rack.
6. Perform a relectometry measurement on each upgraded
link, following Cailabs recommendations (in order to
analyze these measurements, see p14.)
7. To put a link in production, see part 5 "User Guide" p20.
3. Quick installation guide
12
4. Detailed installation guide
1. Technical check of a link by relectometry: a pre- and
post-installation analysis tool
A. Relectometry measurement setup (OTDR)
(1) Using the receiving iber allows you to assess the quality
of the end-of-line element and thus correctly measure the
loss and relection levels of the end-of-line connector or the
end-of-line AROONA -STAR extension unit.
(2) The OTDR measurement on a iber in both directions
allows precise quantiication of each event. In the case of a
one-way measurement, the loss of an event can be overestimated
or underestimated (up to 1 dB of error) and therefore distort
the evaluation of a link before and after installation.
It is recommended to carry out these relectometry
measurements independently on each iber. However, depending
on the ield constraints, it is possible to perform a physical
loopback at the end of the line (with a > 10 m single-mode iber)
to facilitate taking measurements as shown in the diagram
below. In these loopback cases, pulses of 5 ns or 10 ns may be
insuicient in terms of power to maintain a good signal-to-
noise ratio of the measurement. It will then be necessary to
carry out another measurement with longer pulses (20, 50 or
100 ns) in order to guarantee an OTDR trace end at least 10 dB
above the noise level.
Prior to installing any AROONA-STAR equipment, it is necessary
to carry out a "technical check" of the optical links that you wish
to upgrade. It is therefore essential to perform relectometry
measurement on the multi-mode ibers in question. The analysis
may result in having to perform certain actions on the link to
make it consistent it with an AROONA upgrade.
Note: apart from the technical aspect, it is recommended
to carry out this OTDR measurement on the link to be
upgraded in order to have a "picture" of the state of the
customer's ibers before any intervention by the installer.
After installation, OTDR measurements also qualify the link for
high bit rates transmission over upgraded multimode ibers.
OTDR parameterization and analysis conditions are listed be-
low, thus providing a framework for optimal conditions for the
proper functioning of the AROONA-STAR solution.
A relectometry measurement according to Cailabs
recommendations is recommended before installation and
essential after installation to be able to certify the link.
Measurements must be carried out under the following
conditions:
• Use of a single mode OTDR, at a wavelength of 1310 nm
• Measurement in short pulses (5 or 10 ns)
• Minimum one minute measurement time (≥1 min)
• Use of a single-mode launch iber (100 m to 1000 m) (1)
• Distance range best suited to the total length of the link
measured (iber measured + launch iber)
• Perform the measurement in both directions (2)
13
OTDR
Measurement 1:
End of
link *
SMF
launch
iber
Patch panel Patch panel
MMF link
AROONA-STAR
Splice
OTDR
SMF
launch
iber End of
link *
Splice
MMF link
AROONA-STAR
SMF
launch
iber
SMF
launch
iber
Measurement 2:
Measurement 2:
SMF
launch
iber
OTDR
SMF
launch
iberF MMF link
Splice
Patch panel Patch panel
MMF link
AROONA-STAR
OTDR
SMF > 10 m
SMF > 10 m
Splice
Splice
Splice
SMF
launch
iberF
SMF
launch
iber
End of
link *
AROONA-STAR
End of
link *
Measurement 1:
Method 1: OTDR without loopback, one iber per measurement
Method 2: OTDR with loopback, one pair of ibers per measurement
(*) End of link depending on the architecture: existing multi-mode connector (link < 400 m), single mode connector (link > 400 m
and < 800 m) or additional AROONA-STAR unit (link > 800 m)
Note: Whether before or after AROONA installation, SMF launch ibers and a measuring wavelength of 1310 nm must be used.
14
B. Interpretation of relectometry measurements (OTDR) and link compliance
The measurements must then be analyzed by the operator to
identify events:
• Optical splices
• Connectors along the link (to be replaced by optical splices
during installation)
• Local losses (mechanical constraints)
• Relective events
Event Loss Relection Cause OK/NOK Action required
Low loss,
non-relective
< 0.3 dB < -55 dB • proper splicing
• artifact (RAS)
• OK
• OK
Highly
relective
> 0.5 dB ≈-20 dB
(+/-5 dB)
• very dirty or poorly
clipped connectors
• broken iber
• NOK
• NOK
• check that the SMF and MMF
connectors are clean and
properly clipped; if this does not
solve the issue, try changing
the SMF patch cables or
replacing the MMF connector
with a SMF connector
• repair the iber
Loss,
relective
> 2 dB > -55 dB
(+/-5 dB)
• dirty connectors
at the start/end
of line
• NOK • check that the SMF and MMF
connectors are clean and
properly clipped; if this does not
solve the issue, try changing
the SMF patch cables or
replacing the MMF connector
with a SMF connector
Relective < 2 dB > -55 dB
(+/-5 dB)
• MMF connectors
present
• start/end of line
• ghost peak (RAS)
• NOK
• OK
• OK
• Replace the intermediate
connectors by fusion splicing
Loss, non-
relective
> 0.3 dB < -55 dB • poor splicing
• local stress
• warning
• warning
• redo the splicing
(if loss > 1.5 dB)
• repair the iber if accessible
High slope > 1.5 dB/km / • distributed stress/
strain
• warning • no possible action for reducing
linear loss
• In pre-installation, the analysis mainly allows to determine
the length of the links and to locate intermediate connectors
to be replaced by fusion splices.
• NOK events require action to make them OK (see table).
• For a post-installation “loss, relective” event type at the
position of an AROONA-STAR: if the various prescribed
actions have not made it possible to reduce to an acceptable
level, redo the splicing of the AROONA-STAR on multi-
mode iber to upgrade.
• “Warning” type events do not necessarily require action to
make them “OK".
• An AROONA-STAR makes it possible to transition from
an SMF iber to an MMF iber, its insertion loss into the
OTDR can therefore only be correctly measured by means
of the two directions of measurement. This loss will always
be overestimated in the direction SMF to MMF and always
underestimated by measuring in the direction MMF to SMF.
• Ghost peaks may appear with long pulses (> 10 ns), a
comparison of the measurements in both directions should
make it possible to identify them. They can also appear
even with short pulses if there is a highly relective event
(therefore NOK) on the OTDR trace. Eliminating this highly
relective event should make them disappear.
The table below identiies the type of event and indicates
whether the link is validated (OK) or not (NOK). The loss
levels indicated in the analysis table are valid at 1310 nm,
by averaging the losses obtained in both directions of
measurement.
Note: Given the low loss values measured for each event, it is
not necessary to go back to the linear values to perform the
averaging; approximation of an average directly with dB values
is allowed.
15
C. Connectors replacement along the link
The multimode link to be upgraded may be a concatenation of
several iber sections with intermediate optical patch cords in
network bays. These intermediate connection points indicate
the presence of optical connectors.
Optical connectors show eccentricity tolerance of a few
micrometers which may afect optimal optical iber core
alignment decreasing AROONA-STAR mode selection
eiciency. To insure optimal mode selection and thus
maximal transmission performances these connectors
must be removed and replaced by fusion splice connections.
An OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Relectometer) measurement,
also called relectometry measurement, of the link to upgrade
can help to identify all intermediate connectors.
To replace a connector by a fusion splice connection cut the
iber as close of the connector as possible and follow the fusion
splice procedure.
NB: Linking several existing multimode iber sections
together may require the use of a multimode iber extension.
D. Link concatenation
It is possible to fusion splice diferent type of multimode ibers
(OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5) to create a link. The optical modes
travelling through these ibers are identical therefore modal
selection is possible even though optical core are of diferent
sizes (62.5 µm or 50 µm).
Regardless of whether or not the ibers are of the same type
(OM1/2/3/4/5), use an “MMF Auto” splicing program with
clad to clad alignment.
NB: Regardless of the program used the optical fusion
splicer may display a “bubble in iber” error even though the
splice is of good quality. This often happens when splicing
two ibers of diferent types.
Intermediate patch panel
optical connector
MMF section 1 MMF section 2
BEFORE
Connector replacement
by fusion splicing
Add MMF extension
cable if necessary
Splice
MMF section 2
MMF section 2
MMF section 1
MMF section 1
AFTER
Connector replacement
by fusion splicing
16
1. Open the existing optical distribution rack containing the
ibers and identify the to-be-upgraded multimode ibers.
If identiication is not straight-forward (e.g. there is no
color coding) you can use the provided stickers to label the
relevant ibers.
2. Cut the connectors at the ibers’ end.
Warning: Available iber length in the distribution rack
often is short. It is important to maximize available
iber length to ease the splicing procedure.
3. The existing multimode ibers will no longer be usable via
the existing patch panel. You can indicate that the port is
disconnected on the existing patch panel using the adhesive
label provided (NC for Not Connected).
4. On the AROONA-STAR rack, irst of all it is crucial to identify
the AROONA-STAR output multimode iber corresponding
to the channel to be used. Marking rings labelled 1, 2, 3, 4...
to 24 (depending of the AROONA-STAR version) are placed
at the rack output and 1 meter away from the end of each
iber to enable identiication of the corresponding channels.
5. Make sure that the AROONA-STAR output iber is long
enough to reach the distribution panel (where the to-be-
upgraded ibers can be found) and to proceed with the
splicing process. AROONA-STAR products show 5m of
output iber as standard.
Do not bend or constrict the output ibers in any way.
Excess iber length can be cut before splicing operations
or coiled and attached to the cabinet after splicing
operations.
6. Insert the AROONA-STAR rack in the iber cabinet. Make
sure easy access to the ibers is possible before inserting
and ixing the rack to the cabinet bay.
The AROONA-STAR rack must be ixed to the frontside
of the storage cabinet using the 4 cage nuts and 4 screws
provided. If there is more than one available slot in the
cabinet always load racks from the bottom to the top of
the cabinet making sure heavier equipment is placed at the
bottom of the cabinet.
If a stabilization system is provided with the cabinet, install
it before inserting the AROONA-STAR product.
NB: AROONA-STAR being a passive product earthing the
rack is not needed.
7. Proceed with splicing steps by fusing the existing multi-
mode ibers to the AROONA-STAR ibers (procedure
detailed later in this manual).
8. Then proceed to the qualiication and production stages
detailed later in this manual.
Note: A detachable sheet is provided at the end of the
manual to insert into your network bay rack. It is used
to identify the AROONA-STAR channels used and to link
them to the information of the remote sites (building
name, patch panel & iber number).
A. Rack AROONA-STAR
2. Installing AROONA equipment
10 Gb/s
transceiver
duplex
Switch
SMF
patchcord AROONA-STAR
rack
MMF link
Splice
Existing patch panel
©Atypix
17
1. Open the optical drawer containing the multimode ibers
and locate the pair of multimode ibers needing an
upgrade. If it is diicult to identify the ibers (color coded
for example), feel free to identify them in some way (labels
for example) so that you’ll be able to locate them later.
2. Cut the connectors at the end of the ibers.
3. Follow the fusion splicing steps to join the existing
multimode ibers to the AROONA-STAR ibers (procedure
is explained later in the manual)
4. Connect the AROONA-STAR compact unit connectors
to the front of the multimode iber optic drawer. Using a
supplied adhesive label (SMF for Single-Mode Fiber), you
can indicate on the patch panel that the port is now single
mode.
5. Next, proceed with the qualiication and production steps
detailed in the following manual.
Note: A detachable sheet is provided at the end of the
manual to insert into your network bay rack. It is used
to identify the AROONA-STAR channels used and to link
them to the information of the remote sites (building
name, patch panel & iber number).
B. Compact AROONA-STAR unit
AROONA-STAR compact module is designed to be installed
in the existing optical drawer containing the multimode ibers
that need an upgrade. (See opposite photo)
One side of the unit is made up of bare ibers that are to be
spliced onto the multimode ibers needing an upgrade. The
other side of the unit is connectorized so as to be connected to
the front face of the optical drawer patch panel. This compact
unit is available in diferent termination connectors: LC/UPC,
SC/UPC and ST/UPC types, so that it can be adapted to the
connections in place.
10 Gb/s
transceiver
duplex
Switch
SMF
patchcord AROONA-STAR
Compact
MMF link
Fusion
splice
Existing Patch Panel
©Atypix
18
NB: AROONA-STAR installation’s most critical step is
the splicing procedure. Poor-quality splicing will have a
signiicant impact on AROONA-STAR’s performance.
Fiber connection must follow set rules and methods in order to:
• Respect the maximum bending radius of ibers and cables
• Limit risk of iber breakage and iber bending after
installation by a thought-through positioning of ibers
• Ease the use of and upgrade of the iber network by labelling
all ibers and connections
Once the AROONA-STAR, rack or compact module, is installed
in the iber cabinet a splicing operation is needed between the
AROONA-STAR output multimode iber and the network exis-
ting multimode ibers.
There are two splicing methods:
• Mechanical splicing: a component aligns the claddings
of two ibers and maintains them in contact.
Warning: Do not use mechanical splicing when using
AROONA-STAR. Performance will be greatly reduced.
Carry out fusion splicing instead.
• Fusion splicing: a fusion splicer aligns and connects two
ibers by melting them with the use of an electric arc. Fibers
need to be prepared in a speciic way before the procedure
can start.
A. Splicing principle
3. Splicing technique for successfully installing
AROONA-STAR equipment
The following steps detail the fusion splicing process:
1. Identify the ibers to be spliced (the existing multimode
ibers and the AROONA-STAR output ibers).
Multimode ibers at the output of AROONA-STAR are
deliberately about 4 m long (only for rack version) to
ensure they can easily be brought to the distribution panel
of the existing multimode ibers. Any excess length can be
cut before splicing operations or coiled and attached to the
cabinet at the end of the splicing procedure.
2. Cut the existing iber’s connector and strip the iber over a
few centimeters using the stripper. Depending on the cable
structure there may be several layers to strip (1 to 3 mm
plastic cladding, Kevlar string, 900 µm plastic cladding and
250 µm polymer coating).
NB: Use adapted scissors to cut the (yellow) Kevlar string
and relevant strippers for each layer to strip.
3. Slide AROONA-STAR output iber into the splice protecting
sleeve. Choice of a 40 mm or a 60 mm protecting sleeves
provided depends on which splice tray size will be used to
store the spliced ibers.
4. Thoroughly clean the bare iber using cleaning solvent for
ibers and lint-free wipes.
5. Cleave the iber using the optical iber cleaver to cut the
iber at a precise 90° angle. It is critical to get a clean cut
to ensure both to-bespliced ibers show identical cut angles.
6. Insert both cleaved ibers in the dedicated guides of the
optical fusion splicer.
NB: If the iber has not been slid into protecting sleeves
remove the iber from the optical fusion splicer, slide it into
the protecting sleeve and go through steps 4 to 6 again.
B. Fusion splicing process
5
2
6
19
7
7. Check cleave quality on the optical fusion splicer control
screen. The iber end should be straight and free of any
defect, ridge or crack. Cailabs recommends a cleave
angle below 2° to insure optimal fusion splicing. If cleave
quality is unsuitable start again at step 4.
8. If the splicer has several alignment modes to choose from,
it is recommended you select the "MMF auto" program with
clad to clad alignment.
9. Launch the splicing procedure. Check the splice quality on
the screen. If quality is unsuitable start again from step 2.
10. Once the splice quality is suitable gently remove both ibers
from the optical fusion splicer.
11. Place the protection sleeve over the splice, covering the
whole bare iber area.
12. Place the protection sleeve in the optical fusion splicer oven
and launch the automatic oven program. The protection
sleeve is thermoretractable and protects and strengthen
the bare spliced iber.
13. Cailabs supplies collars, clips, adhesive pads and coiling
tapes, so that the splice protectors can be properly secured
in the customer’s drawer; the installer will choose which of
these supplies to use based upon the coniguration of the
drawer and available space.
14. Close the distribution rack. If there is excess optical iber at
the AROONA-STAR rack output, coil it and use the plastic
straps to ix it to the distribution rack. Be sure not to apply
any stress to the ibers: do not overtighten the collars, the
iber must be able to slide around a bit without being forced.
9
99
C. Splicing multimode iber to
single-mode iber
In the case of a link between 400 m and 800 m, the connector at
the end of link must be replaced with a single-mode connector,
generally using a single-mode pigtail. Therefore a single-mode
to multimode fusion splice must be operated.
Most of splicing equipment do not have a dedicated program
to this end. However, a MMF-to-MMF auto-alignment can be
used, as cladding diameter of single-mode ibers and multimode
ibers are similar (125 µm).
Due to observation through complex glass structure, you might
not be able to distinguish single-mode iber from multimode
iber, as shown in the opposite photo.
A “bubble in the iber” error is generally reported after the
fusion is completed, even if the fusion quality is compliant. Do
not take it into account, unless an actual bubble is observed on
the control screen, as shown in the previous section. Acceptance
criteria are the same as for a standard MMF-to-MMF fusion
splice.
20
AROONA-STAR products are compatibles with all types of
commercial single-mode transceivers that can be found on the
active network equipment from various manufacturers (SFP,
SFP+, XFP, QSFP, XENPACK, X2, GBIC).
AROONA-STAR products are invisible to the communication
protocol used (Ethernet, FiberChannel, SONET/ SDH, OTN,
etc.).
Recommended transceiver to be used with AROONA-STAR
products are single-mode transceiver in the O-band (~ 1310 nm)
or in the C-band (~ 1550 nm).
Optical power budget and extinction ratio are important
parameters to check when selecting transceivers.
5. User guide
A. Optical power budget
The optical power budget corresponds to the diference
between the transceiver emitted power and the minimum
power that can be detected (detector sensitivity) and
represents a link maximal allowed loss. The actual link loss can
be measured using a power meter or an OTDR.
After upgrade the following losses will be observed:
• AROONA-STAR losses:
- Link with Extender additionnal AROONA-STAR at remote
site: 2 dB maximum for each AROONA equipment
- Link without additional AROONA-STAR: 2 dB maximum
for AROONA-STAR installed at the network core and 1.5
dB maximum for the distant site’s patchpanel MMF/SMF
connection
• Potential power luctuations of 1 to 2 dB (linked to modal
conditioning of AROONA solutions)
• Mux/demux equipment losses when using AROONA solutions
with WDM equipment (Wavelength Division Multiplexing –
refer to the “WDM” section of this manual for more details)
• Losses measured before upgrade
1. Transceiver compatibility
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