Campbell CR1000X User manual

Table of Contents
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM COMPONENTS ............................................................................................1
Sensors.............................................................................................................................................. 2
Supported Sensor Types ................................................................................................................ 2
The CR1000X Datalogger .................................................................................................................. 2
Components ................................................................................................................................... 2
Operations...................................................................................................................................... 3
Programs........................................................................................................................................ 3
CR1000X Wiring Panel ...................................................................................................................... 3
Power Input .................................................................................................................................... 5
Power Output.................................................................................................................................. 6
Grounds.......................................................................................................................................... 7
Communication Ports ..................................................................................................................... 8
Programmable Logic Control ........................................................................................................ 10
SETTING UP THE DATALOGGER........................................................................................................... 12
Setting up Communications with the Datalogger .............................................................................. 12
Configuring Settings to Communicate over USB or RS-232.......................................................... 12
Configuring Settings to Communicate over Ethernet..................................................................... 13
Testing Communication and Completing EZ Setup .......................................................................... 15
Connecting the Datalogger to a Computer ....................................................................................... 16
Creating a Program in Short Cut ...................................................................................................... 16
Sending a Program to the Datalogger .............................................................................................. 18
Sending a Program Using Datalogger Support Software .............................................................. 18
Program Run Options ................................................................................................................... 18
WORKING WITH DATA ........................................................................................................................ 19
Monitoring Data................................................................................................................................ 19
Collecting Data................................................................................................................................. 20
Collecting Data Using LoggerNet.................................................................................................. 20
Collecting Data Using PC200W or PC400W ................................................................................. 20
Viewing Historic Data ....................................................................................................................... 20
About Data Tables ........................................................................................................................... 21
Table Definitions........................................................................................................................... 21
First Header Row.......................................................................................................................... 21
Second Header Row..................................................................................................................... 22
Third Header Row......................................................................................................................... 22
Fourth Header Row ...................................................................................................................... 22
Data Records................................................................................................................................ 23
Creating Data Tables in a Program .................................................................................................. 23
MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE ............................................................................................................ 24
Memory Allocation ........................................................................................................................ 24
CPU Drive .................................................................................................................................... 24
SRAM........................................................................................................................................... 24
USR Drive .................................................................................................................................... 24
MicroSD (CRD: Drive) Storage ..................................................................................................... 25
Managing Memory via Powerup.ini ............................................................................................... 26
MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 29
Voltage Measurements .................................................................................................................... 29
Single-Ended Measurements........................................................................................................ 29
Differential Measurements............................................................................................................ 30

Current Measurements..................................................................................................................... 30
Example Current Measurement Connections................................................................................ 30
Ratiometric Resistance Measurements ............................................................................................ 32
Resistive-Bridge Measurements and Voltage Excitation ............................................................... 34
Strain Measurements.................................................................................................................... 34
Ac Excitation................................................................................................................................. 36
Accuracy for Ratiometric Resistance Measurements .................................................................... 36
Thermocouple Measurements.......................................................................................................... 36
Period-Averaging Measurements ..................................................................................................... 37
Pulse Measurements ....................................................................................................................... 37
Low-Level Ac Measurements........................................................................................................ 38
High Frequency Measurements.................................................................................................... 39
Switch-Closure and Open-Collector Measurements...................................................................... 39
Edge Timing and Edge Counting .................................................................................................. 40
Pulse Measurement Tips .............................................................................................................. 41
Vibrating Wire Measurements .......................................................................................................... 42
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS............................................................................................................ 43
General Serial Communications....................................................................................................... 43
Modbus Communications................................................................................................................. 44
Internet Communications ................................................................................................................. 45
IP Address.................................................................................................................................... 45
HTTPS.......................................................................................................................................... 45
DNP3 Communications.................................................................................................................... 45
PakBus Communications ................................................................................................................. 46
SDI-12 Communication .................................................................................................................... 46
SDI-12 Transparent Mode ............................................................................................................ 47
SDI-12 Programmed Mode/Recorder Mode.................................................................................. 48
Programming the Datalogger to Act as an SDI-12 Sensor ............................................................ 48
SDI-12 Power Considerations....................................................................................................... 49
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and I2C.......................................................................................... 49
MAINTAINING YOUR DATALOGGER ...................................................................................................... 50
Datalogger Calibration ..................................................................................................................... 50
About Background Calibration ...................................................................................................... 50
Datalogger Security.......................................................................................................................... 51
Security Codes ............................................................................................................................. 52
Creating a .csipasswd File ............................................................................................................ 52
Datalogger Enclosures..................................................................................................................... 53
Internal Battery................................................................................................................................. 53
Internal Lithium Battery Specifications .......................................................................................... 54
Replacing the Internal Battery....................................................................................................... 55
Electrostatic Discharge and Lightning Protection.............................................................................. 56
Power Budgeting.............................................................................................................................. 57
Updating the Operating System ....................................................................................................... 57
TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................................................. 59
Checking Station Status ................................................................................................................... 59
Viewing Station Status.................................................................................................................. 59
Watchdog Errors........................................................................................................................... 60
Results for Last Program Compiled .............................................................................................. 60
Skipped Scans.............................................................................................................................. 60
Skipped Records .......................................................................................................................... 60
Variable Out of Bounds................................................................................................................. 60
Battery Voltage ............................................................................................................................. 60
Understanding NAN and INF Occurrences....................................................................................... 60

Time Keeping................................................................................................................................... 61
Clock Best Practices..................................................................................................................... 61
Time Stamps ................................................................................................................................ 62
Avoiding Time Skew ..................................................................................................................... 62
CRBasic Program Errors.................................................................................................................. 62
Program Does Not Compile .......................................................................................................... 62
Program Compiles but Does Not Run Correctly ............................................................................ 63
Resetting the Datalogger.................................................................................................................. 63
Processor Reset ........................................................................................................................... 63
Program Send Reset .................................................................................................................... 64
Manual Data Table Reset ............................................................................................................. 64
Formatting Drives ......................................................................................................................... 64
Full Memory Reset........................................................................................................................ 64
Troubleshooting Power Supplies...................................................................................................... 64
Minimizing Ground Loop Errors........................................................................................................ 65
Improving Voltage Measurement Quality.......................................................................................... 66
Deciding Between Single-Ended or Differential Measurements .................................................... 66
Minimizing Ground Potential Differences ...................................................................................... 67
Detecting Open Inputs .................................................................................................................. 68
Minimizing Power-Related Artifacts .............................................................................................. 68
Minimizing Settling Errors ............................................................................................................. 69
Factors Affecting Accuracy ........................................................................................................... 71
Minimizing Offset Voltages ........................................................................................................... 72
File System Error Codes .................................................................................................................. 75
File Name and Resource Errors ....................................................................................................... 76
Background Calibration Errors ......................................................................................................... 76
SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 77
System Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 77
Physical Specifications..................................................................................................................... 77
Power Requirements........................................................................................................................ 77
Ground Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 78
Power Output Specifications ............................................................................................................ 78
Analog Specifications....................................................................................................................... 80
Voltage Measurements................................................................................................................. 80
Ratiometric-Resistance Measurements Specifications.................................................................. 81
Period Averaging Specifications ................................................................................................... 81
Current Measurements Specifications.............................................................................................. 82
Pulse Counting Specifications.......................................................................................................... 82
Switch Closure Input..................................................................................................................... 82
High-Frequency Input ................................................................................................................... 82
Low-Level Ac Input ....................................................................................................................... 82
Digital I/O Specifications .................................................................................................................. 83
Switch Closure Input..................................................................................................................... 83
High-Frequency Input ................................................................................................................... 84
Edge Timing ................................................................................................................................. 84
Communications Specifications ....................................................................................................... 84
Standards Compliance Specifications .............................................................................................. 85
SUPPORT ......................................................................................................................................... 86
Product Assistance .......................................................................................................................... 86
Precautions...................................................................................................................................... 86
Warranty .......................................................................................................................................... 87
Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................... 88
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................... 89

INDEX ............................................................................................................................................ 107

Data Acquisition System Components 1
Data Acquisition System Components
A basic data acquisition system consists of sensors, measurement hardware, and a computer with
programmable software. The objective of a data acquisition system should be high accuracy, high
precision, and resolution as high as appropriate for a given application.
The concept of a data acquisition system is illustrated in the following figure.
Following is a list of typical data acquisition system components:
•Sensors - Electronic sensors convert the state of a phenomenon to an electrical signal (see
"Sensors" on page 2 for more information).
•Datalogger - The datalogger measures electrical signals or reads serial characters. It converts the
measurement or reading to engineering units, performs calculations, and reduces data to
statistical values. Data are stored in memory to await transfer to a computer by way of an external
storage device or a communication link.
•Data Retrieval and Communications - Data are copied (not moved) from the datalogger, usually
to a computer, by one or more methods using datalogger support software. Most communication
options are bi-directional, which allows programs and settings to be sent to the datalogger. For
more information, see "Sending a Program to the Datalogger" on page 18.
•Datalogger Support Software - Software retrieves data, sends programs, and sets settings. The
software manages the communication link and has options for data display.
•Programmable Logic Control - Some data acquisition systems require the control of external
devices to facilitate a measurement or to control a device based on measurements. This
datalogger is adept at programmable logic control. See "Programmable Logic Control" on page 9
for more information.
•Measurement and Control Peripherals - Sometimes, system requirements exceed the capacity of
the datalogger. The excess can usually be handled by addition of input and output expansion
modules.

2Data Acquisition System Components
Sensors
Sensors transduce phenomena into measurable electrical forms by modulating voltage, current,
resistance, status, or pulse output signals. Suitable sensors do this with accuracy and precision. Smart
sensors have internal measurement and processing components and simply output a digital value in
binary, hexadecimal, or ASCII character form.
Most electronic sensors, regardless of manufacturer, will interface with the datalogger. Some sensors
require external signal conditioning. The performance of some sensors is enhanced with specialized
input modules. The datalogger, sometimes with the assistance of various peripheral devices, can
measure or read nearly all electronic sensor output types.
The following list may not be comprehensive. A library of sensor manuals and application notes are
available at www.campbellsci.com/support to assist in measuring many sensor types.
SUPPORTED SENSOR TYPES
•Analog
oVoltage
oCurrent
oStrain
oThermocouples
oResistive bridges
•Pulse
oHigh frequency
oSwitch-closure
oLow-level ac
•Period average
•Vibrating wire (through interface modules)
•Smart sensors
oSDI-12
oRS-232
oModbus
oDNP3
oTCP/IP
oRS-485
The CR1000X Datalogger
The CR1000X is used in a broad range of measurement and control functions. Rugged enough for
extreme conditions and reliable enough for remote environments, it is also robust enough for complex
configurations. Used in applications all over the world, it is a powerful core component for your data
acquisition system.
COMPONENTS
The CR1000X datalogger is the main part of a data acquisition system (see "Components of Data
Acquisition Systems" on page 1 for more information). It has a central-processing unit (CPU), analog
and digital measurement inputs, analog and digital outputs, and memory. An operating system

Data Acquisition System Components 3
(firmware) coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the onboard clock and the
CRBasic application program.
The CR1000X can simultaneously provide measurement and communication functions. Low power
consumption allows the CR1000X to operate for extended time on a battery recharged with a solar
panel, eliminating the need for ac power. The CR1000X suspends execution when primary power drops
below 9.6 V, reducing the possibility of inaccurate measurements.
The electronics are RF shielded and glitch protected by the sealed, stainless-steel canister, making the
CR1000X economical, small, and very rugged. A battery-backed clock assures accurate timekeeping.
OPERATIONS
The CR1000X measures almost any sensor with an electrical response, drives direct communications
and telecommunications, reduces data to statistical values, performs calculations, and controls external
devices. After measurements are made, data are stored in onboard, nonvolatile memory awaiting
transfer to the computer. Because most applications do not require that every measurement be
recorded, the program usually combines several measurements into computational or statistical
summaries, such as averages and standard deviations.
Programs are run by the CR1000X in either sequential mode or pipeline mode. In sequential mode,
each instruction is executed sequentially in the order it appears in the program. In pipeline mode, the
CR1000X determines the order of instruction execution to maximize efficiency.
PROGRAMS
A program directs the datalogger on how and when sensors are to be measured, calculations made,
and data stored. The application program for the CR1000X is written in CRBasic, which is a
programming language that includes measurement, data processing, and analysis routines, as well as
the standard BASIC instruction set. For simpler applications, Short Cut, a user-friendly program
generator, can be used to write the program. For more demanding programs, use CRBasic Editor. If
you are programming with CRBasic, you can utilize the extensive help available with the CRBasic
Editor software. Formal training is also available from Campbell Scientific.
CR1000X Wiring Panel
The CR1000X wiring panel provides ports and removable terminals for connecting sensors, power, and
communication devices. It is protected against surge, over-voltage, over-current, and reverse power.
The wiring panel is the interface to most datalogger functions so studying it is a good way to get
acquainted with the datalogger. Functions of the terminals are broken down into the following
categories:
•Analog input
•Pulse counting
•Analog output
•Communications
•Digital I/O
•Power input
•Power output
•Ground terminals

4Data Acquisition System Components
Analog Input Functions
SE
DIFF
1 2
⌐1¬
HL
3 4
⌐2¬
HL
5 6
⌐3¬
HL
7 8
⌐4¬
HL
910
⌐5¬
HL
11 12
⌐6¬
HL
13 14
⌐7¬
HL
15 16
⌐8¬
HL
VX1-VX4
RG1
RG2
Single-Ended Voltage
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Differential Voltage
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
Current Loop
✔
✔
Ratiometric/Bridge
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Thermocouple
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Period Average
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Pulse Counting Functions
P1
P2
C1-C8
Switch-Closure
✔
✔
✔
High Frequency
✔
✔
✔
Low-level Ac
✔
✔
Analog Output Functions
VX1-VX4
5V
12V
SW12-1
SW12-2
Switched Voltage Excitation
✔
5 Vdc Regulated Supply
✔
✔
3.3 Vdc Regulated Supply
✔
12 Vdc Source
✔
✔
✔

Data Acquisition System Components 5
Communications Functions
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
RS-232/CPI
SDI-12
✔
✔
✔
✔
GPS Time Sync
PPS
Rx
TTL 0-5 V
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
LVTTL 0-3.3 V
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
RS-232
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
✔
RS-485 (Half Duplex)
A-
B+
A-
B+
RS-485 (Full Duplex)
Tx-
Tx+
Rx-
Rx+
I2C
SCL
SDA
SCL
SDA
SCL
SDA
SCL
SDA
SPI
SCLK
MOSI
MISO
SCLK
MOSI
MISO
SDM1
Data
Clk
Enable
Data
Clk
Enable
CPI/CDM
✔
1SDM can be on either C1-C3 or C5-C7, but not both at the same time.
Communication Functions also include Ethernet via Ethernet port and USB via USB port.
Digital I/O Functions
C1-C8
General I/O
✔
Pulse-Width Modulation Output
✔
Timer Input
✔
Interrupt
✔
POWER INPUT
The datalogger requires a power supply (see "Troubleshooting Power Supplies" on page 64). The
datalogger operates with external power connected to the green POWER IN port on the face of the
wiring panel (see "CR1000X Wiring Panel" on page 3). The positive power lead connects to 12V. The
negative lead connects to G. The connection is internally reverse-polarity protected (it protects against
accidental polarity reversal) and high voltage transients.
Warning: Sustained input voltages in excess of those listed in the "Power Output Specifications"
on page 78, can damage the transient voltage suppression.
Be sure that power supply components match the specifications of the device to which they are
connected. When connecting power, first switch off the power supply then insert the connector. Once
you make the connection, turn the power supply on.
A UPS is often the best power source for long-term installations. An external UPS consists of a primary-
power source, a charging regulator external to the datalogger, and an external battery. The primary
power source, which is often a transformer, power converter, or solar panel, connects to the charging
regulator, as does a nominal 12 Vdc sealed rechargeable battery. A third connection connects the
charging regulator to the 12V and Gterminals of the POWER IN port.
If external alkaline power is used, the alkaline battery pack is connected directly to the POWER IN port.
The CR1000X can receive power via the POWER IN port as well as 5 Vdc via a USB connection. If both
POWER IN and USB are connected, power will be supplied by whichever has the highest voltage. If
USB is the only power source, then the CS I/O port and the 12V, SW12, and 5V terminals will not be
operational. Functions that will be active with a 5 Vdc source (USB) include sending programs,
adjusting datalogger settings, and making some measurements.

6Data Acquisition System Components
Powering A Datalogger with a Vehicle
If a datalogger is powered by a motor-vehicle power supply, a second power supply may be needed.
When starting the motor of the vehicle, battery voltage often drops below the voltage required for
datalogger operation. This may cause the datalogger to stop measurements until the voltage again
equals or exceeds the lower limit. A second supply or charge regulator can be provided to prevent
measurement lapses during vehicle starting.
In vehicle applications, the earth ground lug should be firmly attached to the vehicle chassis with 12
AWG wire or larger.
Power LED Indicator
When the datalogger is powered, the Power LED will turn on according to power and program states:
•Off: No power, no program running.
•1 flash every 10 seconds: Powered, program running.
•3 flashes every 10 seconds: Powered via USB, program running.
•Always on: Powered, no program running.
POWER OUTPUT
The datalogger can be used as a power source for sensors and peripherals. Take precautions to
prevent damage to sensors or peripherals from over- or under-voltage conditions, and to minimize the
error associated with the measurement of underpowered sensors. Exceeding current limits causes
voltage output to become unstable. Voltage should stabilize once current is again reduced to within
stated limits. The following are available:
•12V terminals: unregulated nominal 12 Vdc. This supply closely tracks the primary datalogger
supply voltage, so it may rise above or drop below the power requirement of the sensor or
peripheral. Precautions should be taken to prevent damage to sensors or peripherals from over-
or under-voltage conditions, and to minimize the error associated with the measurement of
underpowered sensors.
•5V terminals: regulated 5 Vdc. The 5 Vdc supply is regulated to within a few millivolts of 5 Vdc so
long as the main power supply for the datalogger does not drop below the minimum supply
voltage. It is intended for power sensors or devices requiring a 5 Vdc power supply. It is not
intended as an excitation source for bridge measurements.
•SW12 terminal: program-controlled, switched 12 Vdc terminal. Often used to power devices such
as sensors that require 12 Vdc during measurement. Voltage on a SW12 terminal will change
with datalogger supply voltage. CRBasic instruction SW12() controls the SW12 terminal.
•CS I/O port: used to communicate with and often supply power to Campbell Scientific peripheral
devices
Caution: Voltage levels at the 12V and switched SW12 terminals, and pin 8on the CS I/O port, are
tied closely to the voltage levels of the main power supply. For example, if the power received at
the POWER IN 12V and Gterminals is 16 Vdc, the 12V and SW12 terminals, and pin 8on the CS
I/O port, will supply 16 Vdc to a connected peripheral. If the connected peripheral or sensor is not
designed for that voltage level, it may be damaged.
•VX terminals: supply precise output voltage used by analog sensors to generate high resolution
and accurate signals. In this case, these terminals are regularly used with resistive-bridge
measurements (see "Resistance Measurements" on page 32 for more information). Using the

Data Acquisition System Components 7
SWVX() instruction, VX terminals can also be used to supply a selectable, switched, regulated
3.3 or 5 Vdc power source to power digital sensors and toggle control lines.
•Cterminals: can be set low or high as output terminals. With limited drive capacity, digital output
terminals are normally used to operate external relay-driver circuits.
See also "Power Output Specifications" on page 78.
GROUNDS
Proper grounding lends stability and protection to a data acquisition system. Grounding the datalogger
with its peripheral devices and sensors is critical in all applications. Proper grounding will ensure
maximum ESD protection and measurement accuracy. It is the easiest and least expensive insurance
against data loss, and often the most neglected. The following terminals are provided for connection of
sensor and datalogger grounds:
•Signal Ground ( ) - reference for single-ended analog inputs, excitation returns, and as a ground
for sensor shield wires.
•Power Ground (G) - return for 5V, 12V, and digital sensors. Use of Ggrounds for these outputs
minimizes potentially large current flow through the analog-voltage-measurement section of the
wiring panel, which can cause single-ended voltage measurement errors.
•Resistive Ground (RG) - terminal for decoupling ground on RS-485 signals. Includes 101 Ω
resistance to ground. Also used for measuring Current (see "Current Measurements" on page 30
for more information).
•Earth Ground Lug ( ) - connection point for heavy-gauge earth-ground wire. A good earth
connection is necessary to secure the ground potential of the datalogger and shunt transients
away from electronics. 14 AWG wire, minimum, is recommended.
Note: Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground terminal.
A good earth (chassis) ground will minimize damage to the datalogger and sensors by providing a low-
resistance path around the system to a point of low potential. Campbell Scientific recommends that all
dataloggers be earth (chassis) grounded. All components of the system (dataloggers, sensors, external
power supplies, mounts, housings, etc.) should be referenced to one common earth (chassis) ground.
In the field, at a minimum, a proper earth ground will consist of a 5-foot copper-sheathed grounding rod
driven into the earth and connected to the large brass ground lug on the wiring panel with a 14 AWG
wire. In low-conductive substrates, such as sand, very dry soil, ice, or rock, a single ground rod will
probably not provide an adequate earth ground. For these situations, search for published literature on
lightning protection or contact a qualified lightning-protection consultant.
In laboratory applications, locating a stable earth ground is challenging, but still necessary. In older
buildings, new Vac receptacles on older Vac wiring may indicate that a safety ground exists when, in
fact, the socket is not grounded. If a safety ground does exist, good practice dictates the verification that
it carries no current. If the integrity of the Vac power ground is in doubt, also ground the system through
the building plumbing, or use another verified connection to earth ground.
In vehicle applications, the earth ground lug should be firmly attached to the vehicle chassis with 12
AWG wire or larger (see "Powering A Datalogger with a Vehicle" on page 6 for more information). See
also:
•"Minimizing Ground Loop Errors" on page 65
•"Minimizing Ground Potential Differences" on page 67

8Data Acquisition System Components
COMMUNICATION PORTS
The datalogger is equipped with ports that allow communication with other devices and networks, such
as:
•Computers
•Smart sensors
•Modbus and DNP3 networks
•Ethernet
•Modems
•Campbell Scientific PakBus networks
•Other Campbell Scientific dataloggers
Campbell Scientific datalogger communication ports include:
•CS I/O
•RS-232/CPI
•USB
•Ethernet
•C1-C8 terminals
USB Port
One micro-B USB port, labeled USB, for communicating with a computer through datalogger support
software, supporting virtual Ethernet (RNDIS), and providing 5 Vdc power to the datalogger (powering
through the USB port has limitations, see "Power Input" on page 5 for more information). The
datalogger USB port does not support USB flash or thumb drives.
Ethernet Port
RJ45 10/100 Ethernet port used for IP communications.
C1 - C8 Terminals for Communications
CTerminals are configurable for the following communication types:
•SDI-12
•RS-232
•RS-485
•TTL (0 to 5 V)
•LVTTL (0 to 3.3 V)
•SDM
Some communication types require more than one terminal, and some are only available on specific
terminals. This is shown in the datalogger specifications.
SDI-12 Port
SDI-12 is a 1200 baud protocol that supports many smart sensors. C1, C3, C5, and C7 can be
configured as SDI-12 ports. SDI-12 standard 1.4 sensors accept addresses 0 through 9, a through z,
and A through Z. Maximum cable lengths depend on the number of sensors connected, the type of
cable used, and the environment of the application. Refer to the sensor manual for guidance.
For more information, see "SDI-12 Communication" on page 46.

Data Acquisition System Components 9
RS-232, RS-485, TTL, and LVTTL Ports
RS-232, RS-485, TTL, and LVTTL communications are typically used for the following:
•Reading sensors with serial output
•Creating a multi-drop network
•Communication with other dataloggers or devices over long cables
Configure Cterminals as serial ports using Device Configuration Utility or by using the SerialOpen()
CRBasic instruction. Terminals C1-C8 can be configured for RS-232 or RS-485 communications. The
terminals are configured in pairs for RS-232 or half-duplex RS-485. For full-duplex RS-485, all four
terminals are required. See also "Communication Protocols" on page 43.
SDM Port
SDM is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific that supports several Campbell Scientific digital
sensor and communication input and output expansion peripherals and select smart sensors. It uses a
common bus and addresses each node. CRBasic SDM device and sensor instructions configure
terminals C1, C2, and C3 together to create an SDM port. Alternatively, terminals C5, C6, and C7 can
be configured together to be used as the SDM port by using the SDMBeginPort() instruction.
See also "Communications Specifications" on page 84.
CS I/O Port
CS I/O is a Campbell Scientific proprietary input/output port as well as the proprietary serial
communication protocol that occurs over this port.
One nine-pin port, labeled CS I/O, for communicating with a computer or modem through Campbell
Scientific communication interfaces, modems, or peripherals. It is recommended that you keep CS I/O
cables short (maximum of a few feet). See also "Communications Specifications" on page 84.
RS-232/CPI Port
The datalogger includes one RJ45 module jack labeled RS-232-CPI. CPI is a proprietary interface for
communications between Campbell Scientific dataloggers and Campbell Scientific CDM peripheral
devices. It consists of a physical layer definition and a data protocol. CDM devices are similar to
Campbell Scientific SDM devices in concept, but the use of the CPI bus enables higher data-throughput
rates and use of longer cables. CDM devices require more power to operate in general than do SDM
devices. CPI ports also enable networking between compatible Campbell Scientific dataloggers.
Consult the manuals for CDM modules for more information.
CPI has the following power levels:
•Off: Not used.
•High power: Fully active.
•Low-power standby: Whenever possible.
•Low-power bus: Sets bus and modules to low power.
When used with an RJ45-to-DB9 converter cable, the RS-232/CPI port can be used as an RS-232 port.
It defaults to 115200 bps (in autobaud mode), 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Use Device
Configuration Utility or the SerialOpen() CRBasic instruction to change these options.

10 Data Acquisition System Components
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL
The datalogger can control instruments and devices such as:
•Controlling wireless cellular modem or GPS receiver to conserve power.
•Triggering a water sampler to collect a sample.
•Triggering a camera to take a picture.
•Activating an audio or visual alarm.
•Moving a head gate to regulate water flows in a canal system.
•Controlling pH dosing and aeration for water quality purposes.
•Controlling a gas analyzer to stop operation when temperature is too low.
•Controlling irrigation scheduling.
Control decisions can be based on time, an event, or a measured condition. Controlled devices can be
physically connected to C, VX, or SW12 terminals. Short Cut has provisions for simple on/off control.
Control modules and relay drivers are available to expand and augment datalogger control capacity.
•Cterminals are selectable as binary inputs, control outputs, or communication ports. Cterminals
can be set low (0 Vdc) or high (3.3 or 5 Vdc) using the PortSet() or WriteIO() instructions.
Other functions include device-driven interrupts, asynchronous communications and SDI-12
communications. The high voltage for Cterminals defaults to 5 V, but it can be changed to 3.3 V
using the PortPairConfig() instruction. Terminals C4, C5, and C7 can also be configured for
pulse width modulation with a maximum period of 36.4 s. A Cterminal configured for digital I/O is
normally used to operate an external relay-driver circuit because the port itself has limited drive
capacity.
•VX terminals can be set low (0 V) or high (3.3 or 5 V) using the SWVX() instruction.
•SW12 terminals can be set low (0 V) or high (12 V) using the SW12() instruction.
The following image illustrates a simple application wherein a Cterminal configured for digital input and
another configured for control output are used to control a device (turn it on or off) and monitor the state
of the device (whether the device is on or off).

Data Acquisition System Components 11
Example: Turn Modem on for 10 Minutes Hourly
In the case of a cell modem, control is based on time. The modem requires 12 Vdc power, so connect
its power wire to a datalogger SW12 terminal. The following code snip turns the modem on for the first
ten minutes of every hour using the TimeIsBetween() instruction embedded in an If/Then logic
statement:
If TimeIsBetween(0,10,60,Min) Then
SW12(SW12_1,1,1) 'Turn phone on.
Else
SW12(SW12_1,0,1) 'Turn phone off.
EndIf

12 Setting Up the Datalogger
Setting Up the Datalogger
The basic steps to setting up your datalogger to measure data include:
1. Configuring your connection.
2. Testing communication (optional).
3. Connecting the datalogger to the computer.
4. Creating a program and sending that program to the datalogger.
Setting up Communications with the Datalogger
The first step in setting up and communicating with your datalogger is to configure your connection.
Communication peripherals, dataloggers, and software must all be configured for communication. In
addition to this instruction and manuals for your specific peripherals, refer to your datalogger support
software manual and help for guidance.
The default settings for the datalogger allow it to communicate with a computer via USB, RS-232, or
Ethernet, and to accept and execute user application programs. For other communication methods or
more complex applications, some settings may need adjustment. Settings can be changed through
Device Configuration Utility or through datalogger support software.
You can configure your connection using any of the following options. The simplest is via USB.
•"Configuring Settings to Communicate over USB or RS-232" on page 12
•"Configuring Settings to Communicate over Ethernet" on page 13
For other configurations, see the LoggerNet EZSetup Wizard help. Context-specific help is given in
each step of the wizard by clicking on the Help button in the bottom right corner of the window. For
complex datalogger networks, use Network Planner.
CONFIGURING SETTINGS TO COMMUNICATE OVER USB OR RS-232
Setting up a USB or RS-232/CPI connection is a good way to begin communicating with your
datalogger. Because these connections do not require configuration (like an IP address), you need only
set up the communication between your computer and the datalogger.
Watch a video or use the following instructions.
Initial setup instruction follows. These settings can be revisited using the datalogger support software
Edit Datalogger Setup option ( ).
1. Using datalogger support software, launch the EZSetup Wizard.
•PC200W and PC400 users, click the Add Datalogger button ( ).
•LoggerNet users, click the Setup ( ) option, click the View menu to ensure you are in the
EZ (Simplified) view, then click the Add Datalogger button.
2. Click Next.
3. Select your datalogger from the list, type a name for your datalogger (for example, a site or
project name), and click Next.
4. If prompted, select the Direct Connect connection type and click Next.
5. If this is the first time connecting this computer to a CR1000X via USB, click the Install
USB Driver button, select your datalogger, click Install, and follow the prompts to install the
USB drivers.

Setting Up the Datalogger 13
6. Plug the datalogger into your computer using a USB or RS-232 cable. The USB connection
supplies 5V power as well as a communication link, which is adequate for setup, but a 12V
battery will be needed for field deployment. If using RS-232, external power must be provided to
the datalogger and a CPI/RS-232 RJ45 to DB9 cable is required for connection to a serial cable.
Note: The Power LED on the datalogger indicates the program and power state. Because
the datalogger ships with a program set to run on power-up, the Power LED flashes 3 times
every 10 seconds when powered over USB. When powered with a 12 V battery, it flashes 1
time every 10 seconds.
7. From the COM Port list, select the COM port used for your datalogger.
8. USB and RS-232 connections do not typically require a COM Port Communication Delay - this
allows time for the hardware devices to "wake up" and negotiate a communication link. Accept
the default value of 00 seconds and click Next.
9. The baud rate and PakBus address must match the hardware settings for your datalogger. A USB
connection does not require a baud rate selection, RS-232 connections default to 115200 baud,
and the default PakBus address is 1.
•Set an Extra Response Time if you have a difficult or marginal connection and you want the
datalogger support software to wait a certain amount of time before returning a
communication failure error.
•LoggerNet and PC400 users can set a Max Time On-Line to limit the amount of time the
datalogger remains connected. When the datalogger is contacted, communication with it is
terminated when this time limit is exceeded. A value of 0in this field indicates that there is
no time limit for maintaining a connection to the datalogger.
10. Click Next.
11. By default, the datalogger does not use a security code or a PakBus encryption key. Therefore,
the Security Code can be set to 0and the PakBus Encryption Key can be left blank. If either
setting has been changed, enter the new code or key. See "Datalogger Security" on page 51 for
more information.
12. Click Next.
13. Review the Communication Setup Summary. If you need to make changes, click the Previous
button to return to a previous window and change the settings.
Setup is now complete, and the EZSetup Wizard allows to you click Finish or click Next to test your
communication, set the datalogger clock, and send a program to the datalogger.
CONFIGURING SETTINGS TO COMMUNICATE OVER ETHERNET
The CR1000X offers a 10/100 Ethernet connection you can configure using Device Configuration Utility.
You will use this utility to enter the datalogger IP Address, Subnet Mask, and IP Gateway address. After
this, you can use the EZSetup Wizard to set up communications with the datalogger (see "Configuring
Ethernet Communication with the Datalogger" on page 14). If you already have the datalogger
IP information, you can skip these steps and go directly to "Configuring Ethernet Communication with
the Datalogger" on page 14.
1. Supply power to the datalogger. A USB connection supplies 5V power (as well as a
communication link), which is adequate for setup, but a 12V battery will be needed for field
deployment. If powering via USB, first install USB drivers during EZ Setup or by using Device
Configuration Utility (select your datalogger, then on the main page, click Install USB Driver).
2. Connect an Ethernet cable to the 10/100 Ethernet port on the datalogger. The yellow and green
Ethernet port LEDs display activity approximately one minute after connecting. If you do not see
activity, contact your network administrator. For more information, see "Ethernet LEDs" on page
14.