Campbell CR800 Series User manual

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
CR800 Series Dataloggers
Revision: 12/16
Want to get going? Go to the Quickstart
(p. 35)
section.
Copyright © 2000 – 2016
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

3
Warranty
The CR800 Measurement and Control Datalogger is warranted for three (3) years
subject to this limited warranty:
Limited Warranty: Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free
from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for
twelve months from the date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the
corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for review online
at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold
by CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer.
Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no
warranty. CSI's obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing
(at CSI's option) defective Products, which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy
under this warranty. The Customer assumes all costs of removing, reinstalling,
and shipping defective Products to CSI. CSI will return such Products by surface
carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other
locations, CSI will return such Products best way CIP (port of entry) per
Incoterms ® 2010. This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been
subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service, accidents of nature,
or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or
implied. The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as
programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to Products
manufactured by CSI, and Product specific training, is part of CSI's product
warranty. CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CSI hereby disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by
applicable law, any and all warranties and conditions with respect to the Products,
whether express, implied or statutory, other than those expressly provided herein.

5
Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact
information is for US and International customers residing in countries served by
Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for
customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to determine
which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone [phone]. After a support engineer determines
the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this
number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's
shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a "Statement of Product Cleanliness and
Decontamination" form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The
form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed
form must be either emailed to [e-mail] or faxed to 435-227-
9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we receive this
form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is
incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer's
expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that
were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our
employees.

7
Precautions
DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING,
USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH
AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE
TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE,
USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND
FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH,
ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT
FAILURE. TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE
HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY
COORDINATOR (OR POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.
Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for
which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits. Be familiar and comply
with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at
www.campbellsci.com or by telephoning 435-227-9000 (USA). You are
responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including
safety regulations, and the integrity and location of structures or land to which
towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be
evaluated and approved by a qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise
regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers, attachments, or
electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or
electrician.
General
•Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals
and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height regulations,
such as those of the FAA in the USA.
•Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of
tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and towers. The use of
licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.
•Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures
thoroughly before beginning work.
•Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety
precautions while working on or around tripods and towers.
•Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by
other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower
sites from trespassers.
•Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.

8
Utility and Electrical
•You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or
attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or maintaining, or a
tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground
utility lines.
•Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, or
20 feet, or the distance required by applicable law, whichever is greater,
between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower,
attachments, or tools).
•Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies
and have all underground utilities marked.
•Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related
grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified
electrician.
Elevated Work and Weather
•Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
•Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.
•During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of
un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take precautions to prevent
elevated tools and objects from dropping.
•Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain,
snow, lightning, etc.
Maintenance
•Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including
corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable
tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.
•Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.
WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST
DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE
CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING
FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF
TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS
SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.

9
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...............................................................29
1.1 HELLO.............................................................................................. 29
1.2 Typography ....................................................................................... 30
1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code .................................................................. 30
2. Precautions................................................................31
3. Initial Inspection ........................................................33
4. Quickstart ..................................................................35
4.1 Sensors — Quickstart...................................................................... 35
4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart................................................................... 36
4.2.1 CR800 Module ........................................................................... 36
4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart.............................................. 36
4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart ........................................................... 37
4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart .................................................... 38
4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart ......................................... 38
4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart...................................... 39
4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple ................................................ 39
4.6.1 What You Will Need.................................................................. 40
4.6.2 Hardware Setup.......................................................................... 40
4.6.2.1 Connect External Power Supply ...................................... 40
4.6.2.2 Connect Comms .............................................................. 41
4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup............................................................ 41
4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut .................................... 43
4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5) ................................. 44
4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7) ................................. 45
4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8).......................................... 45
4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12) ............................... 45
4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14) ............................. 46
4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data ................................................. 46
4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)........................................... 47
4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4) .................................. 47
4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)........................................... 48
4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)........................................... 49
4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10) ................................ 50
4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12) .............................. 51
4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14) .............................. 51
4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart ........................................... 52
5. Overview ....................................................................55
5.1 Datalogger — Overview.................................................................... 56
5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview ......................................................... 57
5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview ........................... 59
5.1.1.2 Voltage Excitation — Overview.................................. 60
5.1.1.3 Power Terminals.............................................................. 61
5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals............................................... 61
5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals ............................................ 61

Table of Contents
10
5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview................................. 61
5.1.1.4.1 RS-232 Ports......................................................... 62
5.1.1.4.2 SDI-12 Ports ......................................................... 63
5.1.1.4.3 SDM Port .............................................................. 63
5.1.1.4.4 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview ............ 63
5.1.1.4.5 Ethernet Port ......................................................... 64
5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview .................................................. 64
5.2 Measurements — Overview .............................................................. 64
5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview ....................................................... 65
5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview .......................................... 65
5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview............................... 65
5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview ........... 67
5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview .............. 68
5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview ............................... 68
5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview .......................... 69
5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation ................................................ 69
5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview.................................. 70
5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview ............................................. 70
5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured .............................................................. 71
5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels ....................................................... 71
5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring......................................................... 72
5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview .................................................. 73
5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview.............................. 73
5.2.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Overview ......................................... 74
5.2.6.1 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview .............................. 74
5.2.6.2 RS-232 — Overview ....................................................... 75
5.2.7 Field Calibration — Overview ................................................... 75
5.2.8 Cabling Effects — Overview ..................................................... 76
5.2.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Overview............................... 76
5.2.9.1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR800 —
Overview...................................................................... 76
5.2.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger
Network — Overview.................................................. 76
5.3 Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview .......................................... 76
5.3.1 Data File Formats in CR800 Memory ........................................ 77
5.3.2 Data Format on Computer .......................................................... 77
5.3.3 Mass-Storage Device.................................................................. 77
5.3.4 Comms Protocols ....................................................................... 77
5.3.4.1 PakBus Comms — Overview .......................................... 77
5.3.5 Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview .................................. 78
5.3.5.1 Modbus — Overview....................................................... 78
5.3.5.2 DNP3 — Overview.......................................................... 79
5.3.5.3 TCP/IP — Overview........................................................ 79
5.3.6 Comms Hardware — Overview ................................................. 80
5.3.7 Keyboard/Display — Overview ................................................. 80
5.3.7.1 Integrated/Keyboard Display ........................................... 81
5.3.7.2 Character Set.................................................................... 81
5.3.7.3 Custom Menus — Overview ........................................... 82
5.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Overview ......................... 82
5.5 Power Supplies — Overview ............................................................ 83
5.6 CR800 Setup — Overview ................................................................ 83
5.7 CRBasic Programming — Overview ................................................ 84
5.8 Security — Overview ........................................................................ 84
5.9 Maintenance — Overview................................................................. 85
5.9.1 Protection from Moisture — Overview...................................... 85

Table of Contents
11
5.9.2 Protection from Voltage Transients — Overview...................... 85
5.9.3 Factory Calibration — Overview ............................................... 86
5.9.4 Internal Battery — Overview ..................................................... 86
5.10 Datalogger Support Software — Overview....................................... 86
5.11 PLC Control — Overview................................................................. 87
5.12 Auto Self-Calibration — Overview................................................... 89
5.13 Memory — Overview ....................................................................... 89
6. Specifications............................................................91
7. Installation .................................................................93
7.1 Enclosures — Details ........................................................................ 93
7.2 Power Supplies — Details................................................................. 94
7.2.1 CR800 Power Requirement........................................................ 94
7.2.2 Calculating Power Consumption................................................ 95
7.2.3 Power Sources............................................................................ 95
7.2.3.1 Vehicle Power Connections............................................. 95
7.2.4 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) ........................................ 96
7.2.5 External Power Supply Installation ............................................ 96
7.2.6 External Alkaline Power Supply ................................................ 96
7.3 Grounding — Details ........................................................................ 96
7.3.1 ESD Protection........................................................................... 97
7.3.1.1 Lightning Protection ........................................................ 98
7.3.2 Single-Ended Measurement Reference ...................................... 99
7.3.3 Ground Potential Differences................................................... 100
7.3.3.1 Soil Temperature Thermocouple ................................... 100
7.3.3.2 External Signal Conditioner........................................... 100
7.3.4 Ground Looping in Ionic Measurements.................................. 101
7.4 Protection from Moisture — Details ............................................... 102
7.5 CR800 Setup — Details .................................................................. 102
7.5.1 Tools — Setup.......................................................................... 103
7.5.1.1 DevConfig — Setup Tools ............................................ 103
7.5.1.2 Network Planner — Setup Tools ................................... 104
7.5.1.2.1 Overview — Network Planner............................ 105
7.5.1.2.2 Basics — Network Planner................................. 106
7.5.1.3 Info Tables and Settings — Setup Tools ....................... 107
7.5.1.4 CRBasic Program — Setup Tools ................................. 108
7.5.1.5 Executable CPU: Files — Setup Tools.......................... 108
7.5.1.5.1 Default.cr8 File ................................................... 109
7.5.1.5.2 "Include" File...................................................... 109
7.5.1.5.3 Executable File Run Priorities ............................ 112
7.5.2 Setup Tasks .............................................................................. 113
7.5.2.1 Operating System (OS) — Details................................. 113
7.5.2.1.1 OS Update with DevConfig Send OS Tab.......... 114
7.5.2.1.2 OS Update with File Control .............................. 115
7.5.2.1.3 OS Update with Send Program Command ......... 116
7.5.2.1.4 OS Update with External Memory and
PowerUp.ini File ............................................. 117
7.5.2.2 Factory Defaults — Installation..................................... 118
7.5.2.3 Saving and Restoring Configurations — Installation .... 118
7.6 CRBasic Programming — Details................................................... 119
7.6.1 Program Structure .................................................................... 119
7.6.2 Writing and Editing Programs.................................................. 122

Table of Contents
12
7.6.2.1 Short Cut Programming Wizard .................................... 122
7.6.2.2 CRBasic Editor .............................................................. 122
7.6.2.2.1 Inserting Comments into Program ...................... 123
7.6.2.2.2 Conserving Program Memory............................. 124
7.6.3 Programming Syntax................................................................ 124
7.6.3.1 Program Statements ....................................................... 124
7.6.3.1.1 Multiple Statements on One Line ....................... 125
7.6.3.1.2 One Statement on Multiple Lines ....................... 125
7.6.3.2 Single-Statement Declarations....................................... 125
7.6.3.3 Declaring Variables ....................................................... 126
7.6.3.3.1 Declaring Data Types ......................................... 127
7.6.3.3.2 Dimensioning Numeric Variables....................... 131
7.6.3.3.3 Dimensioning String Variables ........................... 132
7.6.3.3.4 Declaring Flag Variables .................................... 132
7.6.3.4 Using Variable Pointers ................................................. 133
7.6.3.5 Declaring Arrays............................................................ 134
7.6.3.5.1 Advanced Array Declaration .............................. 135
7.6.3.6 Declaring Local and Global Variables........................... 136
7.6.3.7 Initializing Variables...................................................... 136
7.6.3.8 Declaring Constants....................................................... 137
7.6.3.8.1 Predefined Constants .......................................... 138
7.6.3.9 Declaring Aliases and Units........................................... 138
7.6.3.10 Numerical Formats ........................................................ 139
7.6.3.11 Multi-Statement Declarations ........................................ 140
7.6.3.11.1 Declaring Data Tables......................................... 141
7.6.3.11.2 Declaring Subroutines......................................... 148
7.6.3.11.3 Declaring Subroutines......................................... 149
7.6.3.11.4 Declaring Incidental Sequences .......................... 149
7.6.3.12 Execution and Task Priority........................................... 150
7.6.3.12.1 Pipeline Mode ..................................................... 151
7.6.3.12.2 Sequential Mode ................................................. 152
7.6.3.13 Execution Timing .......................................................... 153
7.6.3.13.1 Scan() / NextScan ............................................... 153
7.6.3.13.2 SlowSequence / EndSequence ............................ 154
7.6.3.13.3 SubScan() / NextSubScan ................................... 155
7.6.3.13.4 Scan Priorities in Sequential Mode..................... 155
7.6.3.14 Programming Instructions.............................................. 157
7.6.3.14.1 Measurement and Data Storage Processing ........ 157
7.6.3.14.2 Argument Types.................................................. 158
7.6.3.14.3 Names in Arguments........................................... 158
7.6.3.15 Expressions in Arguments ............................................. 159
7.6.3.16 Programming Expression Types .................................... 160
7.6.3.16.1 Floating-Point Arithmetic ................................... 160
7.6.3.16.2 Arithmetic Operations......................................... 161
7.6.3.16.3 Expressions with Numeric Data Types ............... 161
7.6.3.16.4 Logical Expressions
............................................ 163
7.6.3.16.5 String Expressions .............................................. 166
7.6.3.17 Programming Access to Data Tables............................. 167
7.6.3.18 Programming to Use Signatures .................................... 169
7.6.3.19 Functions (with a capital F) ........................................... 169
7.6.4 Sending CRBasic Programs ..................................................... 170
7.6.4.1 Preserving Data at Program Send .................................. 170
7.7 Programming Resource Library ...................................................... 171
7.7.1 Advanced Programming Techniques........................................ 171
7.7.1.1 Capturing Events ........................................................... 171

Table of Contents
13
7.7.1.2 Conditional Output ........................................................ 173
7.7.1.3 Groundwater Pump Test ................................................ 173
7.7.1.4 Miscellaneous Features.................................................. 176
7.7.1.5 PulseCountReset Instruction.......................................... 178
7.7.1.6 Scaling Array................................................................. 179
7.7.1.7 Signatures: Example Programs...................................... 180
7.7.1.7.1 Text Signature..................................................... 180
7.7.1.7.2 Binary Runtime Signature................................... 180
7.7.1.7.3 Executable Code Signatures ............................... 180
7.7.1.8 Use of Multiple Scans.................................................... 181
7.7.2 Data Input: Loading Large Data Sets ....................................... 182
7.7.3 Data Input: Array-Assigned Expression................................... 183
7.7.4 Data Output: Calculating Running Average............................. 187
7.7.5 Data Output: Two Intervals in One Data Table........................ 191
7.7.6 Data Output: Triggers and Omitting Samples .......................... 192
7.7.7 Data Output: Using Data Type Bool8 ...................................... 193
7.7.8 Data Output: Using Data Type NSEC...................................... 198
7.7.8.1 NSEC Options ............................................................... 198
7.7.9 Data Output: Wind Vector ....................................................... 201
7.7.9.1 OutputOpt Parameters ................................................... 202
7.7.9.2 Wind Vector Processing ................................................ 202
7.7.9.2.1 Measured Raw Data............................................ 203
7.7.9.2.2 Calculations ........................................................ 204
7.7.10 Displaying Data: Custom Menus — Details ............................ 207
7.7.11 Field Calibration — Details ..................................................... 214
7.7.11.1 Field Calibration CAL Files .......................................... 214
7.7.11.2 Field Calibration Programming ..................................... 215
7.7.11.3 Field Calibration Wizard Overview............................... 215
7.7.11.4 Field Calibration Numeric Monitor Procedures............. 215
7.7.11.4.1 One-Point Calibrations (Zero or Offset) ............. 216
7.7.11.4.2 Two-Point Calibrations (gain and offset)............ 217
7.7.11.4.3 Zero Basis Point Calibration ............................... 217
7.7.11.5 Field Calibration Examples ........................................... 217
7.7.11.5.1 FieldCal() Zero or Tare (Opt 0) Example ........... 218
7.7.11.5.2 FieldCal() Offset (Opt 1) Example ..................... 220
7.7.11.5.3 FieldCal() Slope and Offset (Opt 2) Example..... 223
7.7.11.5.4 FieldCal() Slope (Opt 3) Example ...................... 225
7.7.11.5.5 FieldCal() Zero Basis (Opt 4) Example .............. 228
7.7.11.6 Field Calibration Strain Examples................................. 228
7.7.11.6.1 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Concepts...... 228
7.7.11.6.2 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Example ...... 229
7.7.11.6.3 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Shunt
Example........................................................... 231
7.7.11.6.4 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Zero................. 232
7.7.12 Measurement: Fast Analog Voltage ......................................... 233
7.7.12.1 Tips — Fast Analog Voltage ......................................... 237
7.7.13 Measurement: Excite, Delay, Measure..................................... 239
7.7.14 Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details.......................... 240
7.7.14.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode ............................................. 240
7.7.14.1.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode Commands ............... 241
7.7.14.2 SDI-12 Recorder Mode.................................................. 246
7.7.14.2.1 Alternate Start Concurrent Measurement
Command ........................................................ 248
7.7.14.2.2 SDI-12 Extended Command Support ................. 253
7.7.14.3 SDI-12 Sensor Mode ..................................................... 253

Table of Contents
14
7.7.14.4 SDI-12 Power Considerations........................................ 255
7.7.15 Compiling: Conditional Code................................................... 256
7.7.16 Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000.............................. 258
7.7.16.1 Measurement Theory (PRT) .......................................... 259
7.7.16.2 General Procedure (PRT)............................................... 260
7.7.16.3 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Half Bridge with
Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf4W() )................ 262
7.7.16.4 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Three-Wire Half Bridge with
Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf3W() )................ 266
7.7.16.5 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Full Bridge with
Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrFull() ) ...................... 270
7.7.16.6 PRT Callendar-Van Dusen Coefficients ........................ 275
7.7.16.7 Self-Heating and Resolution.......................................... 279
7.7.17 Serial I/O: Capturing Serial Data ............................................. 279
7.7.17.1 Introduction.................................................................... 279
7.7.17.2 I/O Ports......................................................................... 280
7.7.17.3 Protocols ........................................................................ 281
7.7.17.4 Glossary of Serial I/O Terms ......................................... 281
7.7.17.5 Serial I/O CRBasic Programming.................................. 284
7.7.17.5.1 Serial I/O Programming Basics........................... 284
7.7.17.5.2 Serial I/O Input Programming Basics ................. 286
7.7.17.5.3 Serial I/O Output Programming Basics............... 288
7.7.17.5.4 Serial I/O Translating Bytes................................ 289
7.7.17.5.5 Serial I/O Memory Considerations ..................... 289
7.7.17.5.6 Serial I/O Example I ........................................... 290
7.7.17.6 Serial I/O Application Testing ....................................... 292
7.7.17.6.1 Configure HyperTerminal................................... 292
7.7.17.6.2 Create Send-Text File ......................................... 294
7.7.17.6.3 Create Text-Capture File..................................... 294
7.7.17.6.4 Serial I/O Example II .......................................... 295
7.7.17.7 Serial I/O Q & A............................................................ 300
7.7.18 String Operations...................................................................... 303
7.7.18.1 String Operators............................................................. 303
7.7.18.2 String Concatenation...................................................... 304
7.7.18.3 String NULL Character ................................................. 306
7.7.18.4 Inserting String Characters ............................................ 307
7.7.19 Subroutines............................................................................... 307
8. Operation .................................................................311
8.1 Measurements — Details................................................................. 311
8.1.1 Time Keeping — Details.......................................................... 311
8.1.1.1 Time Stamps .................................................................. 311
8.1.2 Analog Measurements — Details............................................. 313
8.1.2.1 Voltage Measurement Quality ....................................... 314
8.1.2.2 Thermocouple Measurements — Details....................... 331
8.1.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Details............................. 332
8.1.2.3.1 Ac Excitation ...................................................... 335
8.1.2.3.2 Accuracy — Resistance Measurements .............. 335
8.1.2.4 Auto Self-Calibration — Details ................................... 337
8.1.2.4.1 Auto Self-Calibration Process............................. 337
8.1.2.5 Strain Measurements — Details .................................... 343
8.1.2.6 Current Measurements — Details.................................. 344
8.1.2.7 Voltage Measurements — Details ................................. 345
8.1.2.7.1 Voltage Measurement Limitations...................... 345

Table of Contents
15
8.1.2.7.2 Voltage Measurement Mechanics....................... 348
8.1.2.7.3 Voltage Measurement Quality ............................ 351
8.1.3 Pulse Measurements — Details................................................ 369
8.1.3.1 Pulse Measurement Terminals....................................... 372
8.1.3.2 Low-Level Ac Measurements — Details ...................... 372
8.1.3.3 High-Frequency Measurements..................................... 373
8.1.3.3.1 Frequency Resolution ......................................... 374
8.1.3.3.2 Frequency Measurement Q & A ......................... 375
8.1.3.4 Switch Closure and Open-Collector Measurements ...... 375
8.1.3.5 Edge Timing .................................................................. 376
8.1.3.6 Edge Counting ............................................................... 377
8.1.3.7 Timer Input on I/O NAN Conditions............................. 377
8.1.3.8 Pulse Measurement Tips................................................ 377
8.1.3.8.1 Pay Attention to Specifications........................... 379
8.1.3.8.2 Input Filters and Signal Attenuation ................... 380
8.1.4 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Details ................................ 382
8.1.4.1 Time-Domain Measurement .......................................... 382
8.1.5 Period Averaging — Details .................................................... 383
8.1.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Details ........................................... 384
8.1.6.1 RS-232 and TTL — Details........................................... 384
8.1.6.2 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details................................. 385
8.1.7 Field Calibration — Overview ................................................. 385
8.1.8 Cabling Effects — Details........................................................ 386
8.1.8.1 Analog Sensor Cabling .................................................. 386
8.1.8.2 Pulse Sensor Cabling ..................................................... 386
8.1.8.3 RS-232 Sensor Cabling.................................................. 386
8.1.8.4 SDI-12 Sensor Cabling .................................................. 386
8.1.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Details ................................. 387
8.1.9.1 Synchronizing Measurement in the CR800 —
Details ........................................................................ 387
8.1.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger
Network — Details .................................................... 387
8.2 Switched-Voltage Output — Details............................................... 388
8.2.1 Switched-Voltage Excitation.................................................... 389
8.2.2 Continuous-Regulated (5V Terminal) ...................................... 390
8.2.3 Continuous-Unregulated Voltage (12V Terminal)................... 390
8.2.4 Switched-Unregulated Voltage (SW12 Terminal) ................... 391
8.3 PLC Control — Details ................................................................... 391
8.3.1 Terminals Configured for Control............................................ 392
8.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Details ........................... 393
8.4.1 Analog Input Modules.............................................................. 393
8.4.2 Analog Output Modules ........................................................... 394
8.4.3 PLC Control Modules — Overview......................................... 394
8.4.3.1 Relays and Relay Drivers .............................................. 394
8.4.3.2 Component-Built Relays ............................................... 394
8.4.4 Pulse Input Modules................................................................. 395
8.4.4.1 Low-Level Ac Input Modules — Overview .................. 395
8.4.5 Serial I/O Modules — Details .................................................. 396
8.4.6 Terminal-Input Modules .......................................................... 396
8.4.7 Vibrating Wire Modules........................................................... 396
8.5 Datalogger Support Software — Details ......................................... 396
8.6 Program and OS File Compression Q and A................................... 397
8.7 Security — Details .......................................................................... 400
8.7.1 Vulnerabilities .......................................................................... 401
8.7.2 Pass-Code Lockout................................................................... 402

Table of Contents
16
8.7.2.1 Pass-Code Lockout By-Pass .......................................... 403
8.7.3 Passwords................................................................................. 404
8.7.3.1 .csipasswd ...................................................................... 404
8.7.3.2 PakBus Instructions ....................................................... 404
8.7.3.3 TCP/IP Instructions........................................................ 404
8.7.3.4 Settings — Passwords.................................................... 405
8.7.4 File Encryption......................................................................... 405
8.7.5 Communication Encryption...................................................... 405
8.7.6 Hiding Files .............................................................................. 405
8.7.7 Signatures ................................................................................. 406
8.7.8 Read Only Variables ................................................................ 406
8.8 Memory — Details .......................................................................... 406
8.8.1 Storage Media .......................................................................... 406
8.8.1.1 Memory Drives — On-Board ........................................ 409
8.8.1.1.1 Data Table SRAM............................................... 409
8.8.1.1.2 CPU: Drive ......................................................... 409
8.8.1.1.3 USR: Drive ......................................................... 410
8.8.1.1.4 USB: Drive ......................................................... 410
8.8.2 Data File Formats ..................................................................... 411
8.8.3 Resetting the CR800................................................................. 415
8.8.3.1 Full Memory Reset ........................................................ 415
8.8.3.2 Program Send Reset....................................................... 416
8.8.3.3 Manual Data-Table Reset .............................................. 416
8.8.3.4 Formatting Drives .......................................................... 416
8.8.4 File Management in CR800 Memory....................................... 416
8.8.4.1 File Attributes ................................................................ 418
8.8.4.2 Files Manager ................................................................ 419
8.8.4.3 Data Preservation........................................................... 420
8.8.4.4 Powerup.ini File — Details ........................................... 421
8.8.4.4.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini ....................... 422
8.8.4.5 File Management Q & A ............................................... 424
8.8.5 File Names................................................................................ 424
8.8.6 File System Errors.................................................................... 425
8.9 Data Retrieval and Comms — Details............................................. 426
8.9.1 Protocols................................................................................... 426
8.9.2 Conserving Bandwidth ............................................................. 427
8.9.3 Initiating Comms (Callback) .................................................... 427
8.10 Alternate Comms Protocols............................................................. 428
8.10.1 TCP/IP — Details..................................................................... 428
8.10.1.1 FYIs — OS2; OS28 ....................................................... 429
8.10.1.2 DHCP............................................................................. 429
8.10.1.3 DNS ............................................................................... 430
8.10.1.4 FTP Server ..................................................................... 430
8.10.1.5 FTP Client...................................................................... 430
8.10.1.6 HTTP Web Server ......................................................... 430
8.10.1.6.1 Default HTTP Web Server.................................. 430
8.10.1.6.2 Custom HTTP Web Server ................................. 431
8.10.1.7 Micro-Serial Server........................................................ 434
8.10.1.8 Modbus TCP/IP ............................................................. 434
8.10.1.9 PakBus Over TCP/IP and Callback ............................... 434
8.10.1.10 Ping (IP)......................................................................... 435
8.10.1.11 SNMP ............................................................................ 435
8.10.1.12 Telnet............................................................................. 435
8.10.1.13 SMTP............................................................................. 435
8.10.1.14 Web API ........................................................................ 435

Table of Contents
17
8.10.1.15 Web API — Details ....................................................... 435
8.10.2 DNP3 — Details....................................................................... 436
8.10.3 Modbus — Details ................................................................... 436
8.10.3.1 Modbus Terminology .................................................... 437
8.10.3.1.1 Glossary of Modbus Terms................................. 437
8.10.3.2 Programming for Modbus.............................................. 438
8.10.3.2.1 Declarations (Modbus Programming)................. 438
8.10.3.2.2 CRBasic Instructions (Modbus).......................... 439
8.10.3.2.3 Addressing (ModbusAddr) ................................. 439
8.10.3.2.4 Supported Modbus Function Codes.................... 440
8.10.3.2.5 Reading Inverse Format Modbus Registers ........ 440
8.10.3.2.6 Timing................................................................. 441
8.10.3.3 Troubleshooting (Modbus) ............................................ 441
8.10.3.4 Modbus over IP ............................................................. 441
8.10.3.5 Modbus Security............................................................ 441
8.10.3.6 Modbus Over RS-232 7/E/1 .......................................... 442
8.10.3.7 Converting Modbus 16-Bit to 32-Bit Longs .................. 442
8.11 Keyboard/Display — Details .......................................................... 443
8.11.1 Character Set ............................................................................ 444
8.11.2 Data Display............................................................................. 446
8.11.2.1 Real-Time Tables and Graphs ....................................... 447
8.11.2.2 Real-Time Custom......................................................... 447
8.11.2.3 Final-Storage Data ......................................................... 449
8.11.3 Run/Stop Program.................................................................... 450
8.11.4 File Management...................................................................... 451
8.11.4.1 File Edit ......................................................................... 451
8.11.5 Port Status and Status Table..................................................... 453
8.11.6 Settings..................................................................................... 454
8.11.6.1 CR1000KD: Set Time / Date ......................................... 454
8.11.6.2 CR1000KD: PakBus Settings ........................................ 454
8.11.7 Configure Display .................................................................... 455
8.12 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Details ........................................... 455
9. Maintenance — Details ...........................................457
9.1 Protection from Moisture — Details ............................................... 457
9.2 Internal Battery — Details............................................................... 457
9.3 Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure......................................... 461
10. Troubleshooting.....................................................463
10.1 Troubleshooting — Essential Tools ................................................ 463
10.2 Troubleshooting — Basic Procedure............................................... 463
10.3 Troubleshooting — Error Sources................................................... 464
10.4 Troubleshooting — Status Table..................................................... 465
10.5 Troubleshooting — CRBasic Programs .......................................... 465
10.5.1 Program Does Not Compile ..................................................... 465
10.5.2 Program Compiles / Does Not Run Correctly.......................... 466
10.5.3 NAN and ±INF......................................................................... 466
10.5.3.1 Measurements and NAN................................................ 466
10.5.3.1.1 Voltage Measurements ....................................... 467
10.5.3.1.2 SDI-12 Measurements ........................................ 467
10.5.3.2 Floating-Point Math, NAN, and ±INF........................... 467
10.5.3.3 Data Types, NAN, and ±INF......................................... 467
10.5.3.4 Output Processing and NAN.......................................... 469

Table of Contents
18
10.5.4 Status Table as Debug Resource .............................................. 470
10.5.4.1 CompileResults.............................................................. 471
10.5.4.2 SkippedScan .................................................................. 472
10.5.4.3 SkippedSystemScan....................................................... 473
10.5.4.4 SkippedRecord............................................................... 473
10.5.4.5 ProgErrors...................................................................... 473
10.5.4.6 MemoryFree .................................................................. 473
10.5.4.7 VarOutOfBounds........................................................... 473
10.5.4.8 Watchdog Errors............................................................ 474
10.5.4.8.1 Status Table WatchdogErrors ............................. 474
10.5.4.8.2 Watchdoginfo.txt File ......................................... 475
10.6 Troubleshooting — Operating Systems........................................... 475
10.7 Troubleshooting — Auto Self-Calibration Errors ........................... 475
10.8 Troubleshooting — Communications.............................................. 476
10.8.1 RS-232...................................................................................... 476
10.8.2 Communicating with Multiple PCs .......................................... 476
10.8.3 Comms Memory Errors............................................................ 477
10.9 Troubleshooting — Power Supplies................................................ 477
10.9.1 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Overview ........................ 477
10.9.2 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Examples ........................ 478
10.9.3 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Procedures ...................... 478
10.9.3.1 Battery Test.................................................................... 478
10.9.3.2 Charging Regulator with Solar Panel Test..................... 479
10.9.3.3 Charging Regulator with Transformer Test ................... 481
10.9.3.4 Adjusting Charging Voltage .......................................... 482
10.10 Troubleshooting — Using Terminal Mode ..................................... 483
10.10.1Serial Talk Through and Comms Watch .................................. 486
10.11 Troubleshooting — Using Logs ...................................................... 486
10.12 Troubleshooting — Data Recovery................................................. 486
10.13 Troubleshooting — Miscellaneous Errors....................................... 487
10.13.1Voltage Calibration Error!........................................................ 487
10.14 Troubleshooting — Rebooting ........................................................ 488
11. Glossary..................................................................489
11.1 Terms............................................................................................... 489
11.2 Concepts .......................................................................................... 522
11.2.1 Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution........................................ 522
12. Attributions.............................................................525
Appendices
A. Info Tables and Settings .........................................527
A.1 Info Tables and Settings Directories................................................ 529
A.1.1.1 Info Tables and Settings: Frequently Used .................... 529
A.1.1.2 Info Tables and Settings: Keywords .............................. 530
A.1.1.3 Info Tables and Settings: Accessed by Keyboard/
Display ....................................................................... 532
A.1.1.4 Info Tables and Settings: Communications ................... 534
A.1.1.5 Info Tables and Settings: Programming......................... 535
A.1.1.6 Info Tables and Settings: Other ..................................... 535
A.2 Info Tables and Settings Descriptions ............................................. 536

Table of Contents
19
B. Serial Port Pinouts ..................................................553
B.1 CS I/O Communication Port ........................................................... 553
B.2 RS-232 Communication Port .......................................................... 554
B.2.1 Pin Outs.................................................................................... 554
B.2.2 Power States ............................................................................. 555
C. FP2 Data Format......................................................557
D. Endianness ..............................................................559
E. Supporting Products — List...................................561
E.1 Dataloggers — List ......................................................................... 561
E.2 Measurement and Control Peripherals — List ................................ 562
E.3 Sensor-Input Modules — List ......................................................... 562
E.3.1 Analog Input Modules — List.................................................. 562
E.3.2 Pulse Input Modules — List..................................................... 562
E.3.3 Serial I/O Modules — List ....................................................... 563
E.3.4 Vibrating Wire Input Modules — List ..................................... 563
E.3.5 Passive Signal Conditioners — List ......................................... 563
E.3.5.1 Resistive-Bridge TIM Modules — List ......................... 564
E.3.5.2 Voltage Divider Modules — List .................................. 564
E.3.5.3 Current-Shunt Modules — List ..................................... 564
E.3.5.4 Transient Voltage Suppressors — List .......................... 564
E.3.6 Terminal Strip Covers — List .................................................. 565
E.4 PLC Control Modules — Lists........................................................ 565
E.4.1 Digital-I/O Modules — List ..................................................... 565
E.4.2 Continuous-Analog Output (CAO) Modules — List ............... 565
E.4.3 Relay-Drivers — List ............................................................... 566
E.4.4 Current-Excitation Modules — List......................................... 566
E.5 Sensors — Lists............................................................................... 567
E.5.1 Wired-Sensor Types — List..................................................... 567
E.5.2 Wireless-Network Sensors — List ........................................... 568
E.6 Cameras — List............................................................................... 568
E.7 Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — List............................... 568
E.7.1 Keyboard/Display — List ........................................................ 569
E.7.2 Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices — List............ 569
E.7.3 Hardwire, Networking Devices — List.................................... 570
E.7.4 TCP/IP Links — List................................................................ 570
E.7.5 Telephone Modems — List ...................................................... 570
E.7.6 Private-Network Radios — List ............................................... 570
E.7.7 Satellite Transceivers — List ................................................... 571
E.8 Data Storage Devices — List .......................................................... 571
E.9 Datalogger Support Software — List .............................................. 571
E.9.1 Starter Software — List............................................................ 572
E.9.2 Datalogger Support Software — List ....................................... 572
E.9.2.1 LoggerNet Suite — List................................................. 573
E.9.3 Software Tools — List ............................................................. 574
E.9.4 Software Development Kits — List ......................................... 575
E.10 Power Supplies — List.................................................................... 576
E.10.1 Battery / Regulator Combinations — List ................................ 576
E.10.2 Batteries — List ....................................................................... 577
E.10.3 Regulators — List .................................................................... 577

Table of Contents
20
E.10.4 Primary Power Sources — List ................................................ 577
E.10.5 24 Vdc Power Supply Kits — List ........................................... 578
E.11 Enclosures — List ........................................................................... 578
E.12 Tripods, Towers, and Mounts — List.............................................. 579
E.13 Protection from Moisture — List .................................................... 580
Index .............................................................................581
List of Figures
FIGURE 1: Wiring Panel .............................................................................. 37
FIGURE 2: Connect Power and Comms....................................................... 41
FIGURE 3: PC200W Main Window............................................................. 42
FIGURE 4: Short Cut Temperature Sensor Folder ....................................... 44
FIGURE 5: Short Cut Outputs Tab ............................................................... 45
FIGURE 6: Short Cut Compile Confirmation Window and Results Tab...... 46
FIGURE 7: PC200W Main Window............................................................. 47
FIGURE 8: PC200W Monitor Data Tab – Public Table............................... 48
FIGURE 9: PC200W Monitor Data Tab — Public and OneMin Tables ...... 49
FIGURE 10: PC200W Collect Data Tab....................................................... 49
FIGURE 11: PC200W View Data Utility ..................................................... 50
FIGURE 12: PC200W View Data Table....................................................... 51
FIGURE 13: PC200W View Line Graph...................................................... 52
FIGURE 14: Data-Acquisition System Components .................................... 53
FIGURE 15: Data Acquisition System — Overview .................................... 56
FIGURE 16: Wiring Panel ............................................................................ 58
FIGURE 17: Control and Monitoring with C Terminals............................... 60
FIGURE 18: Analog Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1................. 66
FIGURE 19: Analog Sensor Wired to Differential Channel #1 .................... 67
FIGURE 20: Half-Bridge Wiring Example — Wind Vane Potentiometer ... 69
FIGURE 21: Full-Bridge Wiring Example — Pressure Transducer ............. 70
FIGURE 22: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types ........................................... 71
FIGURE 23: Pulse Input Wiring Example — Anemometer ......................... 72
FIGURE 24: Terminals Configurable for RS-232 Input ............................... 75
FIGURE 25: Use of RS-232 and Digital I/O when Reading RS-232
Devices................................................................................................... 75
FIGURE 26: CR1000KD Keyboard/Display ................................................ 81
FIGURE 27: Custom Menu Example............................................................ 82
FIGURE 28: Enclosure ................................................................................. 93
FIGURE 29: Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply ...................................... 96
FIGURE 30: Schematic of Grounds.............................................................. 98
FIGURE 31: Lightning Protection Scheme................................................... 99
FIGURE 32: Model of a Ground Loop with a Resistive Sensor ................. 102
FIGURE 33: Device Configuration Utility (DevConfig) ............................ 104
FIGURE 34: Network Planner Setup .......................................................... 105
FIGURE 35: "Include" File Settings With DevConfig................................ 110
FIGURE 36: "Include" File Settings With PakBusGraph ........................... 111
FIGURE 37: Summary of CR800 Configuration ........................................ 119
FIGURE 38: Sequential-Mode Scan Priority Flow Diagrams .................... 157
FIGURE 39: CRBasic Editor Program Send File Control window............. 171
FIGURE 40: Running-Average Frequency Response................................. 190
FIGURE 41: Running-Average Signal Attenuation .................................... 190
FIGURE 42: Data from TrigVar Program................................................... 193
FIGURE 43: Alarms Toggled in Bit Shift Example.................................... 195