Canon F-960SG User manual

ENGLISH
F-960SG
Scientic Calculator
Instruction
E-IE-481
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE
Please read the following instructions and safety
precautions before using the Scientific Calculator.
Keep this manual on hand for future reference.
www.canon.com/calcmanual

CONTENTS
DISPLAY .......................................................................................P. 3
GETTING STARTED
Power ON, OFF ........................................................................P. 4
Display Contrast Adjustment.....................................................P. 4
Mode Selection .........................................................................P. 4
Calculator Set-up Menu ............................................................P. 5
Before Using the Calculator ......................................................P. 7
INPUTTING EXPRESSIONS AND VALUES
Input Capacity ...........................................................................P. 8
Input Editing ..............................................................................P. 8
Inputting and Display result in MthIO Mode ............................P. 11
INPUT RANGE AND ERROR MESSAGE
Calculation Precision, Input Range.........................................P. 11
Order of Operations ................................................................P. 14
Calculation Stacks ..................................................................P. 15
Error Message and Error Locator ...........................................P. 15
BASIC CALCULATIONS
Arithmetic Calculations ...........................................................P. 16
Memory Calculations ..............................................................P. 17
Fraction Calculations ..............................................................P. 18
Percentage Calculations .........................................................P. 19
Degree-Minutes-Seconds Calculations...................................P. 20
Reply & Multi-statements ........................................................P. 20
FUNCTIONAL SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS
Square, Root, Cube, Cube Root, Power Root,
Reciprocal and Pi....................................................................P. 21
Logarithm, Natural Logarithm, Antilogarithm ..........................P. 22
Angle Unit Conversion ............................................................P. 22
Trigonometry Calculations ......................................................P. 23
Permutation, Combination, Factorials and Random
Number Generation ................................................................P. 24
Coordinate Conversion ...........................................................P. 25
Absolute Value Calculations ...................................................P. 26
Engineering Notation ..............................................................P. 26
Display Values Exchange .......................................................P. 27
Base-n Calculations and Logical Calculations ........................P. 28
STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS
Statistical Type Selection........................................................P. 30
Statistical Data Input ...............................................................P. 30
Editing Statistical Sample Data...............................................P. 31
Statistical Calculation Screen .................................................P. 31
Statistical Menu.......................................................................P. 31
Statistical Calculation Example...............................................P. 33
Probability Distribution Calculation ........................................P. 35
EQUATION CALCULATIONS ................................................. P. 36
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ........................................................P. 38
ADVICE AND PRECAUTIONS....................................................P. 39
SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................P. 40
2

How to Open / Close the cover
Open or close the cover by sliding as shown in the figure.
DISPLAY
3
<Status Indicators>
S: Shift key
A: Alpha key
M : Independent memory
STO : Store memory
RCL : Recall memory
STAT : Statistics mode
EQN : Equation calculation mode
D: Degree mode
R : Radian mode
G: Gradient mode
FIX : Fixed-decimal setting
SCI : Scientific notation
LINE : Line display mode
: Up arrow
: Down arrow
Disp : Multi-statements display
OPEN
F-960SG
CLOSE

Shift
Shift
CONTRAST
LIGHT DARK
[ ] [ ]
Power ON, OFF
First time operation:
1. Pull out the battery insulation sheet, then the battery will be
loaded.
2. Press to reset the calculator.
Power ON: When is pressed.
Power OFF: are pressed.
Auto Power off Function:
When the calculator is not used for about 7 minutes, it will
automatically power off.
Display Contrast Adjustment
Press (6: CONT ), enter the Display
Contrast Adjustment screen.
Press to make the display contrast darken.
Press to make the display contrast lighten.
Press or to confirm and clear the screen.
To initialize the LCD contrast, press
outside the Display Contrast Adjustment screen.
GETTING STARTED
Mode Selection
Press to enter the Calculation Mode Selection screen.
4
1 : COMP 2 : STAT
3 : BASE 4 : EQN
Shift
Shift

Calculator Set-up Menu
Press to enter the Calculator Set-up Menu; press
/ for next / previous page.
To select the calculator input & output format [1] MthIO
or [2] LineIO
[1] MathIO - (Maths mode). Most of
the input (e.g. Fraction, pi, square
root number) are shown in
Mathematics textbook format.
And there are 3 "Result Format" (MathO,
LineO or DecimalO) for selection.
In MathO, fraction calculation result will
be shown same as Input.
In LineO, fraction calculation result will be in line format.
In DecimalO, fraction calculation result will be in decimal
number format. No fraction will be display.
[2] LineIO – (Line mode): The majority
of calculation input and output are
shown in the lines format. and "LINE"
icon will be shown.
And there are 2 "Result Format"
(LineO, DecimalO) for selection.
For the STAT mode, the Input & Display format will switch to
LineIO mode automatically.
The default mode is COMP mode.
COMP Normal calculation
STAT Statistical calculation STAT
BASE
EQN Equation solution EQN
Operation Mode LCD
Indicator
Line mode
LINE
5
Calculations involving
specific number systems
Maths mode
Shift
Press
or key
1: MthIO 2: LineIO
3: Deg 4: Rad
5: Gra 6: Fix
7: Sci 8: Norm
1: ab/c 2: d/c
3: CPLX 4: STAT
5: Disp 6: CONT
Result Format?
1: MathO 2: LineO
3: DecimalO
Result Format?
1: LineO
2: DecimalO

To select the angle unit [3] Deg, [4] Rad or [5] Gra
[3] Deg: Angle unit in Degree
[4] Rad: Angle unit in Radian
[5] Gra: Angle unit in Gradient
90º = radians = 100grads
To select display digit or notation [6] Fix, [7] Sci or
[8] Norm
[6] Fix: Fixed Decimal, [Fix 0~9?] appears, specify the
number of decimal places by pressing [0] – [9].
Example: 220 ÷7 = 31.4286 (FIX 4)
= 31.43 (FIX 2)
[7] Sci: Scientific Notation, [Sci 0~9?] appears, specify the
number of significant digits by pressing [0] – [9].
Example: 220 ÷7 = 3.1429 x 101(SCI 5)
= 3.143 x 101(SCI 4)
[8] Norm: Exponential Notation, [Norm 1~2?] appears,
specify the exponential notation format by pressing
[1] or [2].
Norm 1: Exponential notation is automatically used for
integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values
with more than TWO decimal points.
Norm 2: Exponential notation is automatically used for
integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values
with more than NINE decimal places.
Example: 1 ÷1000 = 1 x 10-3 (Norm 1)
= 0.001 (Norm 2)
To select the fraction format [1] a b/c or [2] d/c
[1] a b/c: specify Mixed fraction display
[2] d/c: specify Improper fraction display
To select the complex number display format [3] CPLX
([1] a+bi or [2] r<θ)
[1] a+bi : specify Rectangular Coordinates
[2] r<θ: specify Polor Coordinates
Calculator Set-up Menu
Press to enter the Calculator Set-up Menu; press
/ for next / previous page.
6

To select the statistical display format [4] STAT
([1] ON or [2] OFF)
[1] ON: Show FREQ (Frequency) Column in Statistical Data
Input Screen
[2] OFF: Hide FREQ (Frequency) Column in Statistical Data
Input Screen
To select the decimal point display format [5] Disp
([1] Dot or [2] Comma)
[1] Dot: specify dot format for Decimal point result display
[2] Comma: specify comma format for Decimal point result
display
To Adjust Display contrast [6] CONT
See "Display Contrast Adjustment" section.
7
Before Using the Calculator
Check the current Calculation Mode
Be sure to check the status indicators that indicate the current
calculation mode (COMP, STAT, BASE, EQN), display formats
setting and angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra)
Return to initial setup
Pressing (Setup) (Yes) to return the
initial calculator setup
Calculation mode : COMP
Input/Output Format : MthIO/MathO
Angle unit : Deg
Display Digits : Norm 2
Fraction Display Format : d/c
Statistical Data Input : OFF
Decimal Point format : Dot
This action will not clear the variable memories.
Initialize the calculator
When you are not sure of the current calculator setting, you are
recommended to initialize the calculator (reset calculation mode
"COMP", angle unit "Degree", and clear reply and variable
memories), and LCD contrast by
pressing (All) (Yes) .
Shift
Shift

Example: 2 x log 100 x (1+3) = 16
8
Input Capacity
F-960SG allows you to input a single calculation up to 99 bytes.
Normally, one byte is used as each time you press one of the
numeric keys, arithmetic keys, scientific function keys or .
Some functions require 4 – 13bytes.
, , and the direction keys will not use up any bytes.
When input capacity is less than 10bytes, the input cursor will
change from " " to " " that notifying the memory is running
now.
Input Editing
New Input begins on the left of display. If input data are more
than 15 characters, the line will scroll to the right consecutively.
You can scroll back to the left by using and to review
the input
In LineIO mode, press to let the cursor jump to the
beginning of inputting, while will jump to the end.
In MthIO mode, press to let the cursor jump to the
beginning of inputting while it is at the end of the input
calculation. Or press to let the cursor jump to the end of
inputting while it is at the beginning of the input calculation.
Omit the multiplication sign and final close parenthesis.
INPUTTING EXPRESSIONS AND VALUES
Alpha
Including *1,
*2, *3
2xlog(100) x (1+3)
16
*2
*1
2log(100)(1+3
16
Operation 1: Display 1
Operation 2: Display 2
Omitting *1,
Omitting *3
*3
Shift

*1. Omit multiplication sign (x)
- Input before an open parentheses : 1 x (2+3)
- Input before scientific functions that includes parenthesis:
2 x cos(30)
- Input before Random number function
- Input before Variable (A, B, C, D, X, Y, M), π, е
*2. Scientific functions come with the open parenthesis.
Example: sin(, cos(, Pol(, You need to input the argument
and the close parenthesis .
*3. Omit the last close parenthesis before the , , ,
.
Insert and overwrite Input mode
In LineIO mode, you can use INSERT or overwrite mode
for inputting.
- In Insert mode (Default input mode), the cursor is a
vertical flashing line " | " for inserting a new character.
- In overwrite mode, press key to switch the cursor
to a flashing horizontal ( _ ) and replace the character at
the current cursor position.
In MthIO mode, you can only use the insert mode.
Whenever the display format changes from LineIO mode to
MthIO mode, it will automatically switch to the insert mode.
9
Shift
Insert
Ran#
Insert
Shift

10
Method 1: LineIO/MthIO
mode – Insert mode
Method 2: LineIO
mode – Overwrite mode
12 times
13 times
12|34567+889900
1|34567+889900
1234567+889900_
1234567+889900
134567+889900
(2) Deletion (1234567 134567)
Deleting and Correcting an Expression
In insert mode: Move the cursor to the right of the character or
function that needs to be deleted, then press .
In overwrite mode: Move the cursor under the character or
function being deleted, then press .
Example: 1234567 + 889900
(1) Replace an entry (1234567 1234560)
LineIO/MthIO mode –
Shift
Shift
–
Insert
Shift
Insert
(3) Insertion (889900 2889900)
LineIO/MthIO mode –
Insert mode
6 times 1234567+|889900
1234567+2|889900

Number of Digits for
Internal Calculation
Precision*
Calculation Range
Up to 18 digits
±1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation.
±1 at the least significant for exponential
display
±1 × 10–99 to ±9.999999999 × 1099 or 0
Calculation Precision, Input Range
INPUT RANGE AND ERROR MESSAGE
Remark
(1) Some input expressions cause the height of a calculation
expression to be greater than one display screen.
Maximum input capacity: 2 display screen
(31 dots x 2).
(2) Calculator memory limits how many functions or
perentheses can be input in any single expression. In this
case divide the expression into multiple parts and
calculate separately.
(3) If part of the expression you input is cut off after
calculation and in the result display screen you can press
or to view the full expression.
11
MthIO & MathO MODE :
DisplayKey in operation
Example
Shift
Inputting and Display result in MthIO Mode
In MthIO Mode, the Input display of fraction or certain
functions (log, x2, x3, x , , 3, , x-1, 10 , e , Abs) is
shown in Mathematics textbook format.

Function Calculation Input Ranges
DEG 0 |x| <9×109
RAD 0 |x| <157079632.7
GRA 0 |x| <1x1010
DEG 0 |x| <9×109
RAD 0 |x| <157079632.7
GRA 0 |x| <1x1010
DEG Same as sinx, except when |x| =(2n–1)×90
RAD Same as sinx, except when |x| =(2n–1)×�/2
GRA Same as sinx, except when |x| =(2n–1)×100
0 |x| 9.999999999x1099
0 |x| 4.999999999x1099
1 x 4.999999999x1099
0 |x| 9.999999999x1099
0 |x| 9.999999999x10-1
0< x 9.999999999x1099
–9.9999999999 x1099 x 99.99999999
–9.9999999999 x1099 x 230.2585092
0 x <1x10100
|x|<1x1050
|x| 2.15443469x1033
|x|<1x10100,x 0
|x|<1x10100
0 x 69 (x is an integer)
0 n 1x1010, 0 r n (n,r are integers)
1 n!/((n–r)!) 1x10100
0 n 1x1010, 0 r n (n,r are integers)
1 n!/r! 1x10100 or 1 n!/(n–r)! < 1x10100
sinx
cosx
tanx
sin-1x
cos-1x
tan-1x
sinhx
coshx
sinh-1x
cosh-1x
tanhx
tanh-1x
logx/lnx
x2
x3
x-1
x!
nPr
nCr
Input RangeFunctions
0 |x| 1
0 |x| 230.258509 2
Remark
(1) Some input expressions cause the height of a calculation
expression to be greater than one display screen.
Maximum input capacity: 2 display screen
(31 dots x 2).
(2) Calculator memory limits how many functions or
perentheses can be input in any single expression. In this
case divide the expression into multiple parts and
calculate separately.
(3) If part of the expression you input is cut off after
calculation and in the result display screen you can press
or to view the full expression.
2
12

3
13
|x|,|y| 9.999999999x1099
x2+y29.999999999x1099
0 r 9.999999999x1099
: Same as sinx
|a|,b,c <1x10100
0 b,c
|x| 1x10100
Deciaml Sexagesimal Conversions
0°0′0″|x| 9999999°59′59″
x>0: –1x10100 < ylog x <100
x=0: y>0
x<0: y=n,m/(2n+1) (m,n are integers)
However: –1x10100<ylog|x|<100
y>0: x≠0, –1x10100<1/x logy<100
y=0:x>0
y<0:x=2n+1,(2n+1)/m (m≠0;m,n are integers)
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be
10 digits or less (including division marks).
0 a<1x1010, 0 b<1x1010 (a,b should be positive
integers or 0)
Result generates a 3 digits pseudo random
number(0.000~0.999)
|x|<1x10100
|FREQ|<1x10100
|x|<1x10100
|y|<1x10100
|FREQ|<1x10100
|x|<1x10100
x 9999999999 (positive integers)
Positive:
0 ~ 0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
Negative: 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ~
1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
Positive: 0 ~ 2147483647
Negative: –2147483648 ~ –1
Positive: 0 ~ 177 7777 7777
Negative: 200 0000 0000 ~ 377 7777 7777
Positive: 0 ~ 7FFF FFFF
Negative: 8000 0000 ~ FFFF FFFF
Pol(x,y)
Rec(r, )
RanInt#(a,b)
Ran#
Input RangeFunctions
ABS
2-variable
Statistical
calculation
1-variable
Statistical
calculation
x (xy)
(x√y)
BIN
DEC
OCT
HEX
Pfact

Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign
omitted immediately before , e, variables (2 , 5A, A,
etc.), functions with parentheses (2 (3), Asin(30), etc.)
Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr
Multiplication and division: ×, ÷
Addition and subtraction: +, –
Logical AND (and)
Logical OR, XOR, XNOR (or xor, xnor)
Calculation ending instruction: =, M+,M–STO(store
memory)
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
Fractions: a b/c, d/c
Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign),
base-n symbols (d, h, b, o, Neg, Not)
Statistical estimated value calculation:
5th
6th
7th
1st Priority
2nd
3rd
4th
Order of Operations
This calculator will automatically determine the operation priority
of each individual command as follows:-
x, y, x1, x2
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
4
14
• Errors are cumulative in the case of consecutive calculations,
this is also true as internal consecutive calculation are
performed in the case of x , , , x!, nPr, nCr , etc. And
may become large.
Recall memory (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y, M), Ran#
Calculation within parentheses ( ).
Function with parenthesis that request the input
argument to the right: Pol(, Rec( , P(, Q(, R(, sin(,
cos(, tan(, sin–1(, cos–1(, tan–1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(,
sinh–1(, cosh–1(, tanh–1(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, (, 3(,
Abs(, Rnd(, RanInt#(
Functions that come after the input value preceded by
values, powers, power roots:
x2, x3, x–1, x!, ° '”, °, r, g, ^(, x(, Percent %, x10x , t

Error Messages and Error locator
The calculator is locked up while an error message is shown on
the display to indicate the cause of the error.
Press to clear the error message, then return to the
initial display of latest mode.
Press or to display input expression with the cursor
positioned next to the error.
Press to clear the error message, clear the replay
memory history and return to the initial display of the latest
mode.
In the same precedence level, calculations are performed
from left to right.
Operation enclosed within parentheses is performed first.
When a calculation contains an argument that is a negative
number, the negative number must be enclosed within
parentheses.
Example:
–22= – 4
(–2)2= 4
The calculator will automatically determine the operation
priority of each individual command.
Example 1:
1 ÷2 = 0.1591549431
Example 2:
2 A
1÷2A =
5
15
Shift
Shift
1
4
Alpha
Calculation Stacks
This calculator uses memory areas, called "stacks", to
temporarily store numeric value (numbers) and commands
(+, –, x…) according to their precedence during calculations.
The numeric stack has 10 levels and command stack has
128 levels. A stack error [Stack ERROR] occurs whenever
you try to perform a calculation that exceeds the capacity of
stacks.
Calculations are performed in sequence according to "Order
of Operations". After the calculation is performed, the stored
stack values will be released.

• Press or to
display the cursor at the
location of the error,
make appropriate
corrections
Press to enter COMP mode.
During the busy calculation, the calculator shows only the
indicators (without any calculation result). You can press
key to interrupt the calculating operation.
BASIC CALCULATIONS
Error Message Cause Action
Math ERROR • The intermediate or final
result is outside the
allowable calculation
range.
• An attempt to perform a
calculation using a value
that exceeds the
allowable input range.
• An attempt to perform an
illegal operation (division
by zero, etc.)
• Check the input values
and make sure they are
all within the allowable
ranges, Pay special
attention to values in
any using memory
areas
Stack ERROR • The capacity of the
numeric stack or
operator stack is
exceeded.
• Simplify the calculation.
• Divide the calculation
into two or more
separate parts.
Syntax ERROR
• An attempt to perform
an illegal mathematical
operation.
6
16
Arithmetic Calculations
• To calculate with negative values (exclude the negative
exponent) enclose then with parentheses.
• This calculator supports 99 levels of parenthetical expression.
(–2.5)2
4x1075x–2x10–79
1
1250
(–2.5)2
(4 x 1075)(–2 x
10–79)
DisplayKey in operation
Example
25
4
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift

7
17
Memory Calculations
Memory Variables
• There are 9 memory variables (A – F, M, X and Y), which
store data, results, or dedicated values.
• Store values into memory by pressing + Memory
variable.
• Recall memory values by pressing + Memory variable.
• Memory content can be cleared by pressing
+ Memory variable.
Example: 23 + 7 A (30 store into A), calculate 2 sinA and
clear memory A.
Shift
Shift
Arithmetic Calculations
• To calculate with negative values (exclude the negative
exponent) enclose then with parentheses.
• This calculator supports 99 levels of parenthetical expression.
23+7 A
30
2sin(A
1
0 A
0
23 + 7 A
2 x sin A = 1
Clear memory
DisplayKey in operation
Example
Shift
Alpha
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift
Shift
Independent Memory
• Independent memory uses the same memory area
as variable M. It is convenient for calculating cumulative total
by just pressing (add to memory) or (subtract
from memory)
• Memory contents are retained even when the calculator is
powered off.
• Clear independent memory (M) by pressing .
• Clear all memory values by pressing (Clear
Memory)
Shift
Shift
Shift
Alpha

Answer Memory
• The input values or the most recent calculation result will be
automatically stored into Answer memory whenever you
press , , , . Answer memory can
hold up to 18 digits.
• Recall and use the latest stored Answer memory by pressing
.
• Answer memory is not updated as an error operation had
been performed.
• Answer memory contents can be maintained even if pressing
, changing the calculation mode, or turning off the
calculator.
Ans2
335241
789900–Ans
454659
123 + 456 M+,
Ans2= 335,241
789900 – Ans =
454,659
DisplayKey in operation
Example
8
18
Shift Shift
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift
Independent Memory
• Independent memory uses the same memory area
as variable M. It is convenient for calculating cumulative total
by just pressing (add to memory) or (subtract
from memory)
• Memory contents are retained even when the calculator is
powered off.
• Clear independent memory (M) by pressing .
• Clear all memory values by pressing (Clear
Memory)
MthIO Mode
LineIO Mode
Mixed Fraction
( )
Improper Fraction
( )
Fraction Calculations
The calculator supports Fraction calculation and the conversions
between Fraction, Decimal point, Mixed fraction and Improper
fraction.
•
Specify the fraction calculation result display format by either
mixed fraction ( ) or improper fraction
( ) in set-up menu.
• At the default setting, fractions are displayed as improper
fractions ( ).
•Mixed Fraction display result only available after set the ( )
in the setup menu.
11
3
2
3
3
Shift
Shift
11 3 3 2 3

Answer Memory
• The input values or the most recent calculation result will be
automatically stored into Answer memory whenever you
press , , , . Answer memory can
hold up to 18 digits.
• Recall and use the latest stored Answer memory by pressing
.
• Answer memory is not updated as an error operation had
been performed.
• Answer memory contents can be maintained even if pressing
, changing the calculation mode, or turning off the
calculator.
Press to switch a calculation result between fraction and
decimal format.
Press to switch a calculation result between
improper fraction and mixed fraction format.
Result will be displayed in decimal format automatically
whenever the total digit of afractional value (integer +
numerator + denominator + separator marks) exceeds 10.
When fraction calculation in DecimalO mode (MthIO,
DecimalO and LineIO, DecimalO), the calculation result will
be shown in decimal format.
Fraction Decimal point conversion
(Decimal Mixed
Fraction)
DisplayKey in operation
Example
+1 1
2
5
6
+1 1
2
21
3
2.333333333
21
35
6
1 + =
1
2
5
6
7
3
19
Shift
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift
2.333333333
(Fraction Decimal)
+1 1
2
5
6
2.333333333
7
3
7
3
Shift
Shift
820x25%
205
750÷1250%
60
To calculate 25% of
820
The percentage of
750 against 1,250
DisplayKey in operation
Example
Percentage Calculations
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift
Shift
Shift

Degree-Minutes-Seconds Calculations
Use degrees (hours), minutes and seconds key to perform a
sexagesimal (base-60 notational system) calculation or convert
the sexagesimal value into decimal value.
86º37º34.2º ÷0.7
123º45'6"
86º37º34.2º ÷0.7
123.7516667
2.3456
2º20'44.16"
86º37'34.2" ÷0.7 =
123º45'6"
123º45'6" 123.7516667
2.3456 2º20'44.16"
DisplayKey in operation
Example
Degree-Minutes-seconds Decimal points
20
Replay & Multi-statements
Replay Memory Function
•
Replay memory is only available in COMP and BASE mode.
• After the calculation is executed, the calculation input and
result will be stored in the replay memory automatically.
• Pressing (or ) can replay the performed calculation
input and result history.
• After obtaining the calculation result on the display,
press or to edit the input expression of that result.
• If the Indicator is on the right side of a calculation result
display, you need to press and then or to scroll
the calculation.
• Replay memory is cleared when you press
Initialize calculator setting by
Change from one calculation mode or display mode to other.
Press key.
Press to power off machine.
MthIO & MathO MODE :
Shift
Shift
Shift