Capstone MicroTurbine C65 User manual

400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 1 of 66
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document
without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone MicroTurbine
Model C65 Hybrid UPS
User's Manual
Capstone Turbine Corporation
21211 Nordhoff Street, Chatsworth, California 91311 USA
Copyright © 2010 Capstone Turbine Corporation. All rights reserved.
CAPSTONE and the turbine blade logo are Registered Trademarks
of Capstone Turbine Corporation.
MicroTurbineis a Trademark of Capstone Turbine Corporation.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 2 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document
without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Welcome to the world of Capstone Power Generation!
We are pleased that you have chosen the Capstone MicroTurbine product
for your application.
Display
Panel
Inlet Fuel
Connection
Engine
Air Inlet
Model C65
Hybrid UPS
Front View
Exhaust
Heat
Model C65
Hybrid UPS
Rear View
Electronics
Air Inlet
User
Connection
Bay

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 3 of 66
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document
without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Table of Contents
About This Document......................................................................................................8
Safety Information...........................................................................................................8
Introduction ..............................................................................................................8
Symbols...................................................................................................................8
General Precautions.................................................................................................9
Electrical Precautions...............................................................................................9
Fuel Precautions ....................................................................................................10
Exhaust Precautions ..............................................................................................10
Acoustic Emissions Precautions.............................................................................11
Certifications, Permits, and Codes ................................................................................11
MicroTurbine Introduction..............................................................................................11
Key Mechanical Components.................................................................................12
Main Features........................................................................................................12
MicroTurbine Engine.................................................................................................13
Power Electronics.....................................................................................................13
Air Bearings...............................................................................................................13
Fuel System..............................................................................................................13
Emissions..................................................................................................................13
Enclosure..................................................................................................................14
Hybrid UPS Functionality..........................................................................................14
UPS Controller..........................................................................................................14
MultiPac Power.........................................................................................................14
Integrated Combined Heating and Power (ICHP) Option........................................14
Output Measurements............................................................................................15
ISO Conditions..........................................................................................................15
Pressure....................................................................................................................15
Volume......................................................................................................................15
Heating Values..........................................................................................................15
MicroTurbine Performance.......................................................................................15
Utility Input Connection.............................................................................................15
Load Output Connection...........................................................................................16
Power Quality............................................................................................................16
Heat Output...............................................................................................................16
Hybrid UPS System Operating Modes ..........................................................................17
Major System Components....................................................................................17
Grid LCM (GLCM).....................................................................................................18
Load LCM (LLCM)....................................................................................................18
Battery Control Module (BCM)..................................................................................18
Battery String ............................................................................................................18
Engine Control Module (ECM)..................................................................................19

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Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 4 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
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Turbine Generator.....................................................................................................19
Transfer Switch.........................................................................................................19
UPS Mode..............................................................................................................19
High Efficiency Mode..............................................................................................19
Emergency Mode...................................................................................................20
Standby Mode........................................................................................................20
States versus Operating Modes .............................................................................20
Transition States ....................................................................................................20
Elements Impacting Transitions................................................................................20
Battery SOC......................................................................................................20
Utility Voltage.....................................................................................................22
Utility Reconnect Delay.....................................................................................22
UPS Mode vs High Efficiency Mode.................................................................22
Turbine Start Delay Timer.................................................................................22
MultiPac Minimum Power..................................................................................23
System Start Sequences..........................................................................................23
Transitions to/from Emergency Mode.......................................................................24
Operating the Hybrid UPS System................................................................................25
Three User Interfaces.............................................................................................25
Control Device Authority and Priority........................................................................25
Initial Setup and Commissioning ............................................................................26
System Start-up .....................................................................................................26
Routine Operation..................................................................................................27
Changing Operating Modes....................................................................................27
Taking a Hybrid UPS Unit out of Service................................................................28
Operating an Individual Hybrid UPS System ..........................................................28
Returning a Hybrid UPS Unit to Service .................................................................29
Transfer to/from Utility Power.................................................................................29
Transfer from Hybrid UPS to Utility Power ...............................................................29
Transfer from Utility Power to Hybrid UPS ...............................................................30
System Shut-down.................................................................................................30
Normal Shutdown.....................................................................................................30
Fast Stop...................................................................................................................30
Emergency Stop.......................................................................................................31
Operation Under Fault Conditions..........................................................................31
Orderly Shutdown Alarm...........................................................................................32
Imminent Shutdown Alarm .......................................................................................32
Fault Data Registers.................................................................................................33
Using the UPS Controller ..............................................................................................34

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Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 5 of 66
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without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Using the Display Panel................................................................................................35
Display Panel Areas...............................................................................................35
Menu Navigation ....................................................................................................36
Display Panel Data Entry........................................................................................37
Logging On with a Password..................................................................................37
Changing the Password .........................................................................................37
Display Panel Menus - Overview...................................................................................38
System Data Menu.................................................................................................38
System Output Submenu .........................................................................................40
Turbine Output Submenu.........................................................................................41
Clear Incident Submenu...........................................................................................42
Clear Fuel Fault Submenu........................................................................................42
System Configuration Submenu...............................................................................42
Power Connect Submenu.................................................................................42
Microturbine Start Delay Timer..........................................................................43
MultiPac Submenu............................................................................................43
Turbine Number Submenu................................................................................43
Auto Restart Submenu......................................................................................43
System Demand Submenu ......................................................................................44
Control Access Submenu.........................................................................................44
Enter Password Submenu........................................................................................44
Logoff Submenu .......................................................................................................44
Reboot Submenu......................................................................................................45
Utility Input Connection Menu.................................................................................45
Under Voltage Submenu..........................................................................................45
Over Voltage Submenu............................................................................................46
Fast Under Voltage Submenu..................................................................................46
Fast Over Voltage Submenu....................................................................................47
Under Frequency Submenu .....................................................................................47
Over Frequency Submenu .......................................................................................47
Reconnect Delay Submenu......................................................................................48
Load Output Connection Menu...............................................................................48
Voltage Submenu.....................................................................................................48
Under Voltage Submenu..........................................................................................49
Over Voltage Submenu............................................................................................49
Frequency Submenu................................................................................................49
Under Frequency Submenu .....................................................................................50
Over Frequency Submenu .......................................................................................50
MultiPac Minimum Power Submenu........................................................................51
Local Battery Charge Submenu ...............................................................................51
Unit Data Menu......................................................................................................52

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 6 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
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without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Using a PC with CRMS .................................................................................................53
Connecting Directly to a Hybrid UPS System.........................................................53
MicroTurbine Preventive Maintenance ..........................................................................55
Scheduled Maintenance.........................................................................................56
Preventive Maintenance Items ...............................................................................57
MicroTurbine Inlet Air Filter.......................................................................................57
External Fuel Filter....................................................................................................57
Battery Maintenance.................................................................................................57
Warranty ...................................................................................................................57
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................58
Incidents.................................................................................................................58
Incident System Severity Levels.............................................................................58
Incident Display Format..........................................................................................58
Incident Records....................................................................................................60
Isolation Messages.................................................................................................60
Internal......................................................................................................................60
Fuel...........................................................................................................................61
Grid ...........................................................................................................................61
Lo-Temp/Hi-Temp/Hi-Alt...........................................................................................61
E-Stop.......................................................................................................................61
User Conn (User Connection)..................................................................................61
Basic Troubleshooting Procedures.........................................................................62
No Lights on Display Panel.......................................................................................62
No Attempt to Start after ON Command...................................................................62
Start Attempt Fails.....................................................................................................62
Low Power Output....................................................................................................63
Unexpected Shut Down or Warning.........................................................................63
Product Support............................................................................................................64
Reference Documents...................................................................................................66
Capstone Contact Information.......................................................................................66
Capstone Applications............................................................................................66
Capstone Technical Support ..................................................................................66

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 7 of 66
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document
without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
List of Figures
Figure 1. Typical Capstone MicroTurbine Engine...................................................................12
Figure 2. Major Components of C65 Hybrid UPS System......................................................17
Figure 3. States versus Operating Modes...............................................................................21
Figure 4. UPS Controller External Connections......................................................................34
Figure 5. Display Panel and Functions....................................................................................35
Figure 6. Display Panel and Navigation Functions..................................................................36
Figure 7. Display Panel Menu Reflecting Function Hierarchy.................................................39
Figure 8. MicroTurbine User Connection Bay with Serial-to-Ethernet Converter....................54
List of Tables
Table 1. System Start Sequences...........................................................................................23
Table 2. System Transitions to/from Emergency Mode..........................................................24
Table 3. User Interface Capabilities.........................................................................................25
Table 4. Hybrid UPS System State Messages and Description..............................................40
Table 5. Hybrid UPS Engine State Messages and Description..............................................41
Table 6. C65 Hybrid UPS package – Gaseous Fuels.............................................................56
Table 7. List of Common Protective Relay Fault Codes..........................................................59

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 8 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
About This Document
This document provides user instructions to operate and maintain the Capstone Turbine
Corporation Model C65 Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine. Basic troubleshooting is included in this
manual, but only Capstone Authorized Service Providers are permitted to perform detailed
troubleshooting and repair of the equipment.
This document is intended for user personnel who may not have specific training on the
MicroTurbine (sometimes abbreviated as MT in this manual). Capstone Authorized
Service Providers (ASPs) have received rigorous training and have been certified to
perform commissioning, troubleshooting, and repair of the MicroTurbine. User personnel
who have not received certification of satisfactory completion of the Authorized
Service Provider training should not attempt any procedures other than those
specifically described in this document.
For detailed technical data, or for service to the MicroTurbine, contact your Capstone
Authorized Service Provider.
Safety Information
This section presents safety information for the user of Capstone Turbine Corporation
MicroTurbines. The user must read and understand this manual before operation of the
equipment. Failure to obey all safety precautions and general instructions may cause
personal injury and/or damage to the equipment.
It is the user’s responsibility to read and obey all safety procedures and to become
familiar with these procedures and how to safely operate this equipment.
Introduction
The Capstone MicroTurbine is an advanced power generation system with user and
material safety foremost in mind. Fail-safe operation includes mechanical systems,
electrical systems, and engine control software.
Symbols
There are three very important symbols used in this document: Warnings, Cautions, and
Notes. WARNINGs and CAUTIONs alert you to situations and procedures that can be
dangerous to people and/or cause equipment damage. NOTEs provide additional
information relating to a specific operation or task.
WARNING A Warning means that personal injury or death is possible.
CAUTION A Caution means that damage to the equipment is possible.
NOTE A Note is used to clarify instructions or highlight information that might
be overlooked.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 9 of 66
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incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
General Precautions
The following general precautions must be observed and followed at all times. Failure to
do so may result in personal injury and/or equipment damage.
NOTE Some of the following precautions do not directly apply to users, but it is
important for users to be aware of them.
•Only Capstone Authorized Service Providers are permitted access to the
inside of the enclosure.
•Read and understand the User's Manual before operating the equipment.
•Read and obey all warnings and cautions.
•Make sure all fuel connections are tight, free from leaks, and protected from
damage.
•Make sure all electrical connections are tight, clean, dry, and protected from
weather and damage.
•The MicroTurbine may be equipped with a heat recovery system. Use caution
around relief valves where hot water and steam may be present.
•Use hearing protection when you work on or near an operating MicroTurbine for
extended time periods.
•The MicroTurbine is heavy. Be careful when you move or lift the MicroTurbine.
•Keep the equipment clean.
•Keep all flammable materials away from the MicroTurbine and its components.
•Do not operate or work on the equipment if mentally or physically impaired, or after
consumption of alcohol or drugs.
•Make sure all fasteners are installed and properly tightened.
•Keep an ABC rated fire extinguisher near the MicroTurbine.
•Obey all applicable local, state, and national codes and regulations.
Electrical Precautions
WARNING The MicroTurbine system contains and produces high voltage. High
voltage can injure or kill. Obey all safety procedures when you work
around electrical equipment.
WARNING Make sure the system is off and the dedicated disconnect switch is in
the open position and is locked. This will help prevent injury and damage
to the equipment.
NOTE Some of the following precautions do not directly apply to users, but it is
important for users to be aware of them.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 10 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
The output voltage and residual capacitor voltage of this equipment is dangerous. Use
caution when you work on electrical equipment. The MicroTurbine system can include
multiple sources of power. Make sure to turn off the system and lock out all sources of
power prior to doing any work on the equipment.
•Command the MicroTurbine system to OFF.
•Open and lock the dedicated disconnect switches to isolate the MicroTurbine from
the electric utility grid, external energy storage, and loads.
•Wait five (5) minutes for any capacitive stored voltage to dissipate.
•Always disconnect all power sources.
•Use a voltmeter to make sure that all circuits are de-energized.
•All output connections must be made in accordance with applicable codes.
Fuel Precautions
WARNING MicroTurbine fuel is flammable and explosive. An explosion can cause
death or injury to personnel and/or damage to equipment. No open
flame or smoking is allowed near the MicroTurbine.
WARNING Gaseous fuels can be corrosive. Injury to personnel and/or damage to
equipment can occur. Minimize exposure to gaseous fuels and provide
satisfactory fresh airflow when you are around equipment.
The Capstone MicroTurbine operates on approved gaseous fuels. Keep flames, sparks,
pilot lights, equipment that produces electrical arcs, switches or tools, and all other
sources of ignition away from areas where fuel and fumes are present. If there is a fire,
use a multi-purpose dry chemical or CO2 fire extinguisher, and contact the appropriate fire
officials.
Fuel lines must be secure and free of leaks. Fuel lines must also be separated or shielded
from electrical wiring. If you smell fuel fumes, immediately stop operation of the
equipment, close the fuel isolation valve, and locate and repair the source of the leak or
call a qualified professional.
Exhaust Precautions
WARNING
The MicroTurbine exhaust contains nitrogen dioxide and carbon
monoxide, which are poisonous at high concentrations. Make sure there
is satisfactory fresh airflow when you work around the equipment.
WARNING
The exhaust airflow and pipes are hot enough to cause personal injury
or fire. The exhaust airflow can reach temperatures as high as 371 °C
(700 °F). Keep people, equipment, and other items away from the
exhaust airflow and pipes. Always vent exhaust away from personnel.
WARNING Hot surfaces and hot exhaust can be dangerous. Personal injury and/or
damage to equipment are possible. Be careful when you work on
equipment.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 11 of 66
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incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
The MicroTurbine exhaust is clean and oxygen rich (approximately 18% O2), with very low
levels of air pollutants. Like all fossil fuel combustion technologies, the MicroTurbine
produces oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from the fuel
combustion process. Although the MicroTurbine has ultra low NOx and CO emission
levels, make sure precautions are taken to prevent personnel from being exposed to these
pollutants while the system is operating.
When installed indoors, the MicroTurbine exhaust must be vented to the outside. Make
sure there is a satisfactory fresh air supply. An exhaust system must be added to direct
the exhaust away from the system to reduce the risk of exposure to dangerous emissions.
For exhaust connection data, temperatures, pipe requirements, and other related
information, contact your Capstone Authorized Service Provider.
When installed outdoors, the MicroTurbine should be located where there is a satisfactory
fresh airflow so the exhaust emissions will be dissipated.
Acoustic Emissions Precautions
The Capstone MicroTurbine is designed to produce safe acoustic emissions. However,
when working at a radius of 10 meters (or 33 feet) from an enclosed Capstone
MicroTurbine, sound level exposure will average approximately 70 dBA.
Capstone recommends that hearing protection be worn when working on or in the
immediate vicinity of operating MicroTurbines for extended time periods.
Other acoustic emissions regulations may apply to your specific installation location.
Always check to be certain that your installation complies with all codes required by the
local jurisdiction.
Certifications, Permits, and Codes
Your Capstone MicroTurbine is designed and manufactured in accordance with a variety
of national and international standards.
The Capstone MicroTurbine operates on approved gaseous fuels; thus installation
frequently requires one or more permits from local regulatory agencies.
It is not practical to list in the User's Manual the requirements of each authority having
jurisdiction and how the Capstone MicroTurbine meets those requirements. For
certification data, such as weights, dimensions, required clearances, noise levels, and the
Capstone MicroTurbine Compliance List, please contact your Capstone Authorized
Service Provider.
MicroTurbine Introduction
The Capstone MicroTurbine is an adaptable, low-emission, and low maintenance power
generation system. A turbine-driven high-speed generator is coupled with digital power
electronics to produce high quality electrical power.
The Capstone Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine uses a proprietary design that provides high
quality power to customer loads using a utility grid source, the turbine generator, or both.
This allows users to optimize energy costs while assuring that their critical loads will
receive continuous power.
Multiple systems can be combined and controlled as a single larger power source, called a
MultiPac.

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The MicroTurbine can efficiently use a wide range of approved hydrocarbon-based
gaseous fuels.
The MicroTurbine produces dry, oxygen-rich exhaust with ultra-low emissions. Utilizing
both the generated electric power and the exhaust heat can provide even greater energy
cost savings.
Key Mechanical Components
The key mechanical components that make up the Capstone MicroTurbine are shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Typical Capstone MicroTurbine Engine
Main Features
The various features of the Capstone Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine are listed below:
•State-of-the-art power electronics with built-in control and protective relay functions
provides three user connections:
oUtility Input (AC)
oLoad Output (AC)
oExternal Energy Storage (DC)
•Patented air bearings eliminate the need for oil or other liquid lubricants.
•Air-cooled design of the entire system (turbine engine, generator, and power
electronics) eliminates the need for liquid coolants.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
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400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 13 of 66
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•Only one moving part. No gears, belts, or turbine-driven accessories.
•Advanced combustion control provides ultra-low emissions.
•The integral annular recuperator (heat exchanger) doubles thermal efficiency.
•Digital control technology facilitates advanced control and diagnostic capabilities,
both on-board and remotely.
MicroTurbine Engine
The MicroTurbine engine is a combustion turbine that includes a compressor, combustor,
turbine, generator, and a recuperator. The rotating components are mounted on a single
shaft supported by patented air bearings and spin at up to 96,000 RPM. The permanent
magnet generator is cooled by the airflow into the MicroTurbine. The output of the
generator is variable voltage, variable frequency AC. The generator is used as a motor
during start-up and cooldown cycles.
Power Electronics
Digital power electronics control the MicroTurbine system operation and all subsystem
operations. The digital power electronics change the variable frequency AC power from
the generator to DC voltage, and then to constant frequency AC current.
During start up, the digital power electronics operate as a variable frequency drive, driving
the generator as a motor until the MicroTurbine has reached ignition and power is
available from the MicroTurbine. The digital power electronics again operate the generator
as a motor during cooldown to remove heat stored in the recuperator and within the
MicroTurbine engine in order to protect the system components.
Air Bearings
The MicroTurbine utilizes gas foil bearings (air bearings) for high-reliability, low
maintenance, and safe operation. This allows fewer parts and the absence of any liquid
lubrication to support the rotating group. When the MicroTurbine is in operation, a gas film
separates the shaft from the bearings and protects them from wear.
Fuel System
The MicroTurbine can efficiently use a wide range of approved hydrocarbon-based
gaseous fuels, depending on the model. The MicroTurbine includes an integral fuel
delivery and control system. The standard system is designed for pressurized
hydrocarbon-based gaseous fuels. Other models are available for low-pressure gaseous
fuels and liquid fuels. Contact your Capstone Authorized Service Provider for data on
approved fuels and performance specifications.
Emissions
The Capstone MicroTurbine is designed to produce very clean emissions. The exhaust is
clean and oxygen rich (approximately 18% O2) with very low levels of air pollutants. Like
all fuel combustion technology, the MicroTurbine can produce dangerous emissions (like
nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide) from the fuel combustion process. The
MicroTurbine has ultra low nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission
levels.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 14 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
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incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Enclosure
The MicroTurbine standard enclosure is designed for indoor and outdoor use, and is
certified to NEMA 3R - rainproof.
Hybrid UPS Functionality
The C65 Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine can operate in several modes:
•UPS Mode – in this operating state, the Hybrid UPS system takes power from the
utility and provides conditioned output power to the load, similar to a traditional
double-conversion UPS system.
•High Efficiency Mode – in this mode, the C65 turbine generator provides power to
offset the need for utility input power. By utilizing the microturbine’s clean exhaust
energy for heating or absorption cooling, extremely high energy utilization is
achieved to reduce operating costs, reduce net energy consumption, and reduce
overall emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants.
•Emergency Mode – if utility power becomes unavailable, the Hybrid UPS system will
continue to provide power to the critical load using its external energy storage. The
turbine generator will automatically start to cover extended outages.
The Hybrid UPS system output will maintain synchronism with the utility grid whenever a
stable grid is available. A full description of the modes of operation is provided in the
Hybrid UPS Operating Modes section below.
UPS Controller
Capstone Hybrid UPS systems are designed to be controlled by an external accessory called
the UPS Controller. The UPS Controller acts as a master, providing control commands to each
Hybrid UPS system, reading performance and diagnostic data from each system, and acting as
the user interface. The UPS Controller can manage up to 10 Hybrid UPS systems, and
operates all connected microturbines as a single power generation source. Additional details
are provided in the Operating the Hybrid UPS System section below.
MultiPac Power
Capstone Hybrid UPS MicroTurbines can be installed in groups of up to 10 units using
Capstone’s UPS Controller as a master. The UPS Controller operates all connected
microturbines as a single power generation source. This MultiPac capability features a
single control point and synchronous voltage and frequency output for all units. Individual
MicroTurbines share power, current, and load on both a dynamic and steady state basis.
Integrated Combined Heating and Power (ICHP) Option
The Integrated Combined Heating and Power (ICHP) option allows the user to realize the
benefits of usable electrical and thermal power from a single fuel source. The Hybrid UPS
ICHP system provides high efficiency on-site power generation in conjunction with local
utility power. The heat offsets or replaces local thermal loads such as space heating,
industrial process hot water, or to drive an absorption chiller.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 15 of 66
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incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
The major system components are a Capstone model C65 high-pressure natural gas
MicroTurbine, an exhaust heat recovery unit, and an exhaust diverter to allow full or partial
recovery of exhaust energy. The system includes microprocessor control with input/output
functions to allow application in a wide variety of heat recovery uses. The system allows a
user to realize high total system efficiency with respect to incoming fuel energy, providing
economical operation and operational flexibility.
Output Measurements
The measurements presented in this document are in metric units (with U.S. standard
units in parentheses). Refer to the sections below for more data.
ISO Conditions
Combustion turbine powered devices (including the Capstone MicroTurbine) are typically
rated at 15 °C (59 °F) at sea level, or 1 atmosphere (1 atm) which is 760 mm Hg (14.696
psia) and identified as International Standardization Organization (ISO) conditions. For a
complete definition of ISO testing conditions, refer to ISO 3977-2.
Pressure
Pressure figures assume gauge pressure, or 1 standard atmosphere (1 atm) 760 mm Hg
(14.696 psia) less than absolute pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
Volume
Fuel gas and exhaust gas volumetric measurements are listed in normalized cubic meters
(Nm3) and standard cubic feet (scf). These volumes are defined at 1 atm (760 mm Hg,
14.696 psia) and 15.6 °C (60 °F).
Heating Values
Heat contents and heat rates will be found in either Lower Heating Value (LHV) (dry) or
Higher Heating Value (HHV), depending upon the application. Capstone calculates
heating values at 1 atmosphere (atm) and 15.6 °C (60 °F), according to ASTM D3588.
MicroTurbine Performance
The MicroTurbine electrical output capability is reduced when operating in higher ambient
temperatures or elevations, and by intake or exhaust restrictions. Refer to the C65
Performance Technical Reference (410048), or contact your Capstone Authorized Service
Provider for data on performance specifications.
Utility Input Connection
The Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine electrical connection to a utility source is 3-phase, 400 to
480 VAC and 45 to 65 Hz (both voltage and frequency are determined by the electric utility
grid). Allowable connection is 4-wire Wye. An isolation transformer may be required,
depending on the system configuration.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 16 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
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incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Load Output Connection
The Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine’s electrical output to the critical load will automatically be
adjusted to match stable incoming utility grid power in both frequency and phase
relationship. Output voltage will be maintained at a preset value, regardless of incoming
utility voltage.
The maximum power need not be balanced. Loads can be connected 3 phases or single
phase and phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral, so long as the current limits are respected.
An isolation transformer may be required, depending on the system configuration.
When utility voltage is unavailable, the output to the critical load will operate at the
selected voltage and frequency until the utility grid voltage returns and is stable. The
Hybrid UPS system will then automatically adjust its frequency and phase relationship to
match the utility again.
Power Quality
The MicroTurbine output conforms to IEEE 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices, and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.
Heat Output
The recuperated MicroTurbine can produce up to 612,000 kJ (580,000 Btu) per hour of
clean, usable exhaust heat in the range of 232 to 330 °C (450 to 630 °F).
The MicroTurbine exhaust outlet connection is 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, flowing up to
28 m3 (2600 scf) per minute.
Refer to the C65 Integrated CHP Application Guide (480014), or contact your Capstone
Authorized Service Provider for data on heat output performance for specific system
variations and/or ambient conditions.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 17 of 66
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Hybrid UPS System Operating Modes
This section explains the different operating modes of the Capstone Hybrid UPS
MicroTurbine and how the system transitions between operating states. A description of
the major system components is provided to clarify the terminology and understanding of
how the system works.
Major System Components
The C65 Hybrid UPS system is based on the Dual Mode C65 MicroTurbine, with the
addition of a second Load Control Module (LCM) to allow load power to be provided by a
utility grid, the turbine generator, or both. Figure 2 shows the major components in a single
C65 Hybrid UPS system.
GLCM LLCM
ECM
BCM
Utility Bus
Turbine
Generator
760Vdc
C65
Hybrid UPS
Microturbine
Critical AC Bus
Battery String
Critical
Loads
Transfer
Switch
Figure 2. Major Components of C65 Hybrid UPS System

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 18 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Grid LCM (GLCM)
The GLCM connects to the normal utility grid power, and converts AC power for
connection to the internal 760V DC bus. The GLCM is bi-directional, and power can flow
either to or from the utility grid. The GLCM has its own protective relay functions that
monitor the stability of the utility bus voltage, and it will automatically disconnect power
from an unstable grid. When it has disconnected power from the grid, the GLCM continues
to monitor the grid voltage. If the engine has not been commanded to start, the GLCM will
reconnect power without delay when the grid returns to a stable condition. If the engine is
running or is in a start sequence, the GLCM will reconnect power when the grid has
remained stable for a user-defined reconnection delay period.
Load LCM (LLCM)
The LLCM takes power from the internal 760 VDC bus to the customer’s critical load. The
LLCM is unidirectional, and power will only flow from the internal DC bus to the critical
load. It will maintain the frequency and phase angle of its output to match the utility grid
voltage sensed by the GLCM whenever the utility voltage is stable, and will revert to a
preset frequency when the utility voltage is unavailable. The LLCM will provide a preset
voltage output to power the critical loads. Protective relay functions are also integrated into
the LLCM to protect against disturbances on the load output.
Battery Control Module (BCM)
The BCM converts the battery string voltage to the internal 760 VDC. It is able to import
full power to the Hybrid UPS system from an external energy storage system (typically a
battery string), and can also export power to an individual energy storage system
connected to only one microturbine for recharging.
Battery String
The battery string can be a battery bank or other energy storage system, either supplied by
Capstone or the customer. It will typically be sized for at least 15 minutes of full power capability
so that it can provide power to the protected load while a non-operating turbine generator is
started.
The Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine must be connected to an external battery or other storage
system which provides energy for MT startup when disconnected from the electric utility
grid, and which provides temporary power when utility power suddenly becomes
unavailable.
For external battery systems sold as an accessory by Capstone, management of the
battery and its state of charge is automatic between the Hybrid UPS microturbine and the
external battery pack. An awareness of these battery management functions will promote
an understanding of why the system may appear to behave autonomously. For example,
the MicroTurbine will always attempt to recharge the battery after a user commanded shut
down and before the MicroTurbine enters the cool down state.
For battery storage systems provided by others, a separate battery management and
charging system must be provided. The Hybrid UPS system will not provide any battery
management, condition monitoring, or charging. An indication of battery state of charge
must be provided through the UPS Controller. Contact Capstone for application guidance.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
400027 Rev A (July 2010) Page 19 of 66
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Engine Control Module (ECM)
The ECM connects the high speed turbine generator output to the internal 760V DC bus. It
is bi-directional, and power is taken from the DC bus to start the turbine. During operation,
the turbine generator speed is independent from the utility input or load output
frequencies. The ECM includes all the logic for operating the turbine generator, as well as
resistive energy dissipation capability to absorb turbine power in case of sudden load loss.
Turbine Generator
The Capstone turbine generator uses fuel input to create useful high-frequency AC
electrical output, which is converted by the ECM to DC for distribution to the remainder of
the Hybrid UPS system. Power from the turbine is used for the critical load output, with
any excess going back through the GLCM to the utility grid and/or through the BCM to
recharge the batteries.
Transfer Switch
Typically, a transfer switch or other load transfer scheme will be supplied by others to
allow power to be fed to the critical loads directly by the Utility bus in case there is a
problem with the Hybrid UPS system. Since the Hybrid UPS system will always try to
maintain synchronism of its load output to the utility input, a closed transition transfer
switch scheme can be used to minimize voltage disturbances to the critical loads.
UPS Mode
The Hybrid UPS MicroTurbine can take power from a utility grid and make it available to
the critical loads through a double power conversion process, similar to the way a
traditional UPS operates. The output power to the critical loads is isolated from
disturbances on the utility grid, and its power quality is maintained. In UPS Mode, the
turbine generator is not operating, and the output power is supplied only by the utility grid
input from the GLCM through to the LLCM. The frequency of the output to the critical load
is determined by the utility grid, and the phase relationship is maintained between input
and output of the Hybrid UPS system. The desired voltage to the critical load is pre-set by
the user, and the Hybrid UPS system will attempt to maintain this pre-set value even if
utility voltage varies.
High Efficiency Mode
The High Efficiency Mode of operation allows the microturbine to generate its’ own power
to supplement the utility grid. The power it generates can be set at more or less than the
amount of power the critical loads require, with the utility grid connection automatically
taking or giving the difference as required. The system must be actively connected to a
stable utility grid source for it to enter the High Efficiency Mode. High Efficiency Mode can
therefore be thought of as a special case of UPS Mode, where the turbine has been
commanded ON and operates in parallel with the Utility grid.

Capstone Turbine Corporation
Model C65 Hybrid UPS User’s Manual
Page 20 of 66 400027 Rev A (July 2010)
Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without
incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Emergency Mode
The Hybrid UPS system will automatically transition to the Emergency Mode if
commanded to operate in either UPS Mode or High Efficiency Mode and utility power is
unavailable. Emergency Mode cannot be selected as a desired operating state. In
Emergency Mode, power is supplied to the critical load from either the external batteries
and/or the turbine generator. An external battery energy source must be available for the
system to operate in Emergency Mode.
Standby Mode
In Standby Mode, the Hybrid UPS system is completely taken out of service and shut
down. No power is taken from the utility grid, or provided to the load output, and the
turbine generator is off. If left in this state for an extended period of time, the system will
also attempt to preserve energy storage life by entering a sleep mode to reduce power
requirements, and the Display Panel will go dark. This is the condition the Hybrid UPS
system will be in when shipped from the factory.
States versus Operating Modes
In the Hybrid UPS system, there are both Systems States as well as Engine States, which
together determine the Mode of Operation. Figure 3 provides an overview of the general
flow of System and Engine States from one commanded Operating Mode to another.
Transition States
The user can command the Hybrid UPS microturbines to be in UPS Mode, High Efficiency
Mode, or Standby Mode. However, there are certain required conditions for the system to
enter any of these operating modes, and it will transition through multiple states in order to
reach the desired operating mode. Emergency Mode is not a user-commanded operating
state, but rather is the result of the system being commanded to operate in UPS Mode or
High Efficiency Mode when the utility grid is unavailable.
Elements Impacting Transitions
The major elements that impact these transitions between states are:
Battery SOC
If the battery state of charge is below some preset limit (for example 50% SOC), the
turbine may need to be started to allow transition into the next operating state. This is
because the Hybrid UPS system should always be capable of continuing to power the
critical load once it starts to provide power. If the battery SOC is too low, there may not be
sufficient energy to maintain power in Emergency Mode should the utility suddenly
become unavailable.
For Hybrid UPS systems with external battery systems provided by others, the Capstone
UPS Controller must receive ongoing state of charge information. The UPS Controller will
then assure the proper transition sequence. Consult Capstone for how their individual
battery packs will provide this SOC information to the Hybrid UPS systems.