Casio AL-8 User manual

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IIMTROOUCTIOIM
Dear Customer,
Congratulations on your purchase of this superb little electronic cal¬
culator with all the basic and some very special calculating abilities.
This high precision electronic calculator will serve you well for years
if properly looked after. To handle the calculators many abilities is
relatively easy but we suggest you spend a few minutes with this
instruction manual if you want to make full use of its versatile features.
INDEX
1. KEYBOARD .
2. DISPOSABLE DRY BATTERY OR AC OPERATION
3. OVERFLOW CHECK.
4. BASIC OPERATIONAL EXAMPLES. !!!!!!.!
5. MU LTIP L1CATION/DI VIS I ON WITH A CONSTANT
6. PERCENTAGE CALCULATION.
7. MEMORY CALCULATION.
8. CALCULATIONS USING THEQKEY.
9. APPLICATIONS.
10. S PECIFICATIONS .
1
4
5
6
7
i KEYBOARD
POWER SWITCH:
Move the left-side switch forward to start a calculation.
READ-OUT \ _Oj : , .
Shows each entry and result through a Digitron tube panel, suppressing
unnecessary 0's (zeroes).
The fraction and time in sexagesimal scale are displayed with the
symbols ("_l" and " □ " ) respectively as follows.
[Example] 45 TL is disp | a ye d : . | 4 5 - i12_«23T
63 hours 52 minutes 41 seconds is displayed: [ 6 3 a 5 2 a 41,
NUMERAL/DECIMAL POINT KEY © - ®, 0 : , . ,
Enters numerals. For decimal places use the 0 key * n l° 9 i cal
sequence.
FUNCTION COMJV1AND/RESULT KEYS □ ,Q ,Q ,Q ,Q :
Press the numeral and function command keys in the same logical
sequence as the formula and the £3 key obtains the answer. To correct
a function command, depress the appropriate key {E3,Q,Q r or fl).
<

MEMORY PLUS (MINUS) KEY(2J(GB):
Transfers the number displayed to the memory positively (negatively).
Obtains answers in four functions and automatically accumulates them
into the memory positively (negatively),
MEMORY RECALL KEY®:
Recalls contents of the memory without clearing the same.
MEMORY CLEAR KEY Q
Clears the contents of the memory.
NOTE: When the function mode selector mentioned below is set at
the "SD(a)" position, the CD , CD * C3 & 123 Leys obtain the
arithmetical mean, number of data, the sum of square and
the sum respectively in statistical calculations.
PERCENT KEY B!|:
Performs percentage calculations including mark-ups/discounts,
CLEAR KEY H:
Clears entry for correction. When depressed after function commands,
it clears entire machine except the memory,
ALL CLEAR KEYffl:
Clears entire machine except the independent memory, and also releases
overflow check.
r CUT 5*
DECIMAL MODE SELECTOR r~IT ~) :
At the "P" position, the decimal floats and the underflow system
works to protect the significant digits.
At the "CUT" position, an answer is automatically cut off at 2 decimal
places, applying floating mode for entry and intermediate result.
At the "5/4” position, an answer is rounded off in a similar way to
the above. h Of ff
\T GT rem tuns SD«n
FUNCTION MODE SELECTOR I il 1 :
By setting the selector at the appropriate position, the Q key per¬
forms the following operations:
At the ”\T 0 t position, ft extracts the square root.
At the "GT" position, it recalls the total accumulated by the 0 key.
At the "rem" position, it obtains the remainder while the 0 key gives
the integer answer in division.
At the position, it performs fractional calculations and also
converts the answer obtained as a fraction by the 0 key to the decimal
scale.
At the "hms" Position, it performs time calculations (or angle cal¬
culations) and also converts the answer obtained as a decimal by the
0 key to the sexagesimal scale.

At the "SD(a)" position, it retrieves the standard deviation in statistical
calculations.
PRE-PROGRAMMED FUNCTION KEYQ;
In combination with the function mode selector, it performs, the above
operations.
5/DISPOSABLE DRY BATTERY OR
AC OPERATION
This calculator operates on either dry batteries or AC with the use of
the AC adaptor.
DRY BATTERY OPERATION
With two A A size Manganese dry batteries (SUM-3) it operates for
approximately 10 hours continuously.
A decrease in battery power is indicated by J# 0/' recuring on the
display, or when all except the first column figures grow dim. Batteries
should at this time be renewed. When you have finished your calcula¬
tion, be sure to switch off the power to save the battery.
To change batteries, put the power switch off first. Slide open the
battery cover and replace batteries.
AC OPERATION
Use only an adaptor with the same voltage rating (110, 117, 220 or
(4) 240V) as your supply to prevent component damage. If in doubt, ask
your local dealer. Plug the AC adaptor into the AC outlet and the cord
into the calculator, this automatically cuts off battery power supply.
*To prevent damage to the calculator, USE ONLY THE AC ADAPTOR
recommended by your dealer.
3/OVERFLOW CHECK
Overflow is indicated by the "£/' sign and stops further calculation.
To release the locked registers caused by the overflow check, depress
the Q3 key.
Overflow occurs:
1) In the J ' F " mode, when an answer, whether intermediate or final, or
an accumulated total in the memory exceeds 8 digit integers (or 7
digits, when the figure is negative.).
2) In the J ' 5/4" or “CUT" mode, when the integer part of a final
answer or an accumulated total in the memory exceeds 6 digits
(5 digits, when the figure is negative.).
3} When a fractional calculation is performed with the denominator

4/BASIC OPERATIONAL. EXAMPLES
* There is no need to depress the Q or Q key prior to starting each
new calculation.
* ft is necessary to set the function mode sefector at the Position
unless otherwise instructed.
Note: To perform a problem commencing with a negative figure operate
© s ® ENTRY in sequence.
EXAMPLE _ OPERATION _ READ-OUT
(-2,6)X7=-18.2 "F" QB2Q6Q7Q 1 ^1872]
2X{-3)~-(-8) = =0,75 "F" 2D3BB
S8BB
S MULTIPLICATION/D!VISION WITH
A CONSTANT
ENTRYQQ(BB) ENTRYQ.Obtains product (quotient}.
ENTRYBl.Obtains product (quotient).
Number entered is set as a constant multiplier (divisor}.
*To renew the constant, follow the same operation steps as above.
* The constant is released when normal calculating is performed.
EXAMPLE
(K)
2.3 x 1 2= 27.6
9 xi2=108
4.56X12= 54.72
OPERATION READ-OUT

EXAMPLE
OPERATION READ-OUT
(JO
74 =2.5=29.6
85.2=2.5=34.08
6 =2.5= 2.4
(K)
3x6x4= 72
3x6x5= 90
3X6X6=108
306E304EI
29.6
34,08
2.4
7Z
90.
108.
* Square /powers and reciprocals are performed as follows.
EXAMPLE
OPERATION READ-OUT
1.7 Z = 2.89
1.7 3 = 4.913
1.7 4 =8.3521
107QDB
0
S
2.89
4.913
8.3521
1
4
42
0.25
0.0625
4
EXAMPLE OPERATION READ-OUT
=0.4561403 "5/4" 12EI45BS26Q [ ~ 0.47?]
6 PERCENTAGE CALCULATION
The E3 key performs percentage calculations with x/-r operations. De¬
pressing Q or Oiromediately after the key gives a mark-up or discount.
EXAMPLE _ OPERATION
6%of 7530. 451.8 "F" 753OQ60
Percentage of 789 against
1230 . 64.15 "5/4" 789B123O0
READOUT
451781
64.1 Si
* A constant is a/so utilized in percentage calculations.
15% mark-up of 1600„ , 1840
25% discount of 7890. . 5917.5
J, F " 1600Q15S
*
1840.
"F" 7890Q25E3Q
I

7/MEMORY CALCULATION
□ ENTRYQ ENTRY HQ (GB) . 4 Obtains an answer and auto¬
matically accumulates it into the
memory positively (negatively).
ENTRY Q(B,D,C3) ENTRY CD (Cfl) . . Obtains an answer and auto-
! * ’ | matically accumulates it into the
memory positively (negatively).
*
03 .... Recalls the accumulated to-
I tal in the memory without clearing the same.
1 —- > Clears contents of the memory.
* Be sure to depress the QS key prior to starting a memory calculation.
EXAMPLE _ OPERATION READ-OUT
53X21=1113
+) 46x37—1 702
2815
70+40+100—210
-}80~ 5+ 20= 95
115
"F" B3 70E940Q 1 0 Offl
800 5 0 200
S/CALCULATIONS USING THE Q KEY
This calculator enables you to perform various kinds of practical cal¬
culations by using the Q key in combination with the function mode
selector.
NOTE: PLEASE STICK THE LABEL ENCLOSED TO THE BACK
OF THE CALCULATOR FOR YOUR REFERENCE,

8-1 Square root calculation
With the function mode selector at the "V~" position, the Q key ex¬
tracts the square root of the number displayed up to 8 digits, regardless
of any decimal setting.
The minus sign (—) appears when a negative figure is extracted.
EXAMPLE _
vT5>3.4641016„
W2 + /3J + /5
=1.4070522
8-2 Automatic accumulation
With the function mode selector at the "GT" position, the □ key
transfers the number on display, whether entry or result, to the memory
independent of the CD , CD , 0 and 0 keys, and the Q key recalls the
contents of the memory.
Depress the 0 key to clear the contents of the memory accumulated
by the 5 key.
EXAMPLE _
53+6=59
23-8= 15
56x2=112
+) 99+4= 24,75
210,75
OPERATION READ-OUT
053060
□
2+3+4 = 9
5+6+7 =18
+) 12+3.14=15.14
42. 14
7+8-9= 6
65
+) 45X1,3 =58.5
129.5
Grand total: 1 71.64
"GT
u jiru
ESC32O3H40
5Q6EJ7Q
1 2Q3GD140
QCQ
(E7H8Q90
4501030
1^2
__Sk.
18.
15.14
42.14
6 .
65.
58.5
129,5
171.64
8-3 Remainder in division
With the function mode selector at the "rem" position, the Q key
obtains the remainder while the E3 key delivers the integer answer for

the quotient in division.
Even if the decimal mode selector is set either at the "5/4" or the
"CUT" position, the quotient is always displayed in integer figures.
8-4 Fractional calculation
With the function mode selector at the position, fractional cal¬
culations can be performed .
The display capacity as a fraction, whether entry or result, is limited
to max. 3 digits for each integer, numerator or denominator part and
at the same time to a max. 6 digits in the sum of each part.
When an answer exceeds the above capacity, it is automatically con¬
verted to the decimal scale.
* During fractional calculations, if the independent memory keys (CD,
QB) is depressed, overflow occurs.
*The decimal mode selector is also not effective in fractional calcula¬
tions.
EXAMPLE _
3^ (=3.65)
4 5 20
Depression of the 5 key after the0key converts the answer in fractions
to the decimal scale.
However, the decimal answer can not be re-converted to the fractional
scale.

EXAMPLE _ OPERATION READ-OUT
3-4^ _ 8 il (Reduction) 3B456B78
* During a fractional calculation, a figure is reduced to the lowest terms
by depressing a function command key (EXOcQor 0) or the B key
if the figure is reducible as above.
12
45
102030
4B506B
708090
1 j2»i3.
8_>1 _ i 1 8 .
1 j 3 _ i 1 4 2 .
* The answer in a calculation performed between a fraction and a
decimal is displayed as a decimal.
23
45
xl 2.5=6.3888888
"a
c
23045 23-i45.
2Q5B 16.3888888
*The answer in a calculation with constant and/or percentage is also
displayed as a decimal.
EXAMPLE
5
741 x ~-=61 7.49999
6
963x-§ =802,49999
D
75% mark-up of
=1 1.225609
789
123
OPERATION
"a-Q "
c
"5/4' 1
c
50600
741 B
78901230
750
READ-OUT
0.8333333
617.49999
802.49999
6-i17->41.
4.8109756
1 1.225609
8-5 Time calculation
With the function mode selector at the "hms" position, time calculation,
or calculations such as angles are performed as a decimal.
Depression of the Q key after the B key converts the answer obtained
as a decimal to the sexagesimal scale.
* During time calculations, if the independent memory key (SB, £5) is
depressed, overflow occurs.
* The decimal mode selector is also not effective in time calculations. ^

EXAMPLE _
1 hour 23 minutes 45 seconds
+ 6 hours 54 minutes 32
seconds = 8.3047222
_ OPERATION
' 'hens '' 1B23S45BD
6Q54Q32E0
a
READ-OUT
1.3958333
8.3047222
8 D 1 8 D 1 7.
(45° 56'—12° 23') x 2.5
- 83°52' 30"
45.933333"
33 a 33 a 0 .
33,55
83 D 5 2n 3 0 .
145 minutes "hms" 0Q145BQ
1 hour 0 minutes 32 seconds 1 QOQ32QD
4 hours 4QO
+) 3 hours 258 minutes 147 seconds 3137581314.7El
14 hours 45 minutes 59 seconds QB
2.4166666
3.4255555
7.4255555
7.3408333
14045059.
* The figure displayed on the sexagesimal scale can be re-converted to
the decimal scale by depressing the function command in.O.ElorB)
or the B key.
When the sum of digits for hour, minute and second parts exceeds 6
digits, it displays the hour and minute parts only, dropping off the
second part on the sexagesimal scale.
However, all digits on the decimal scale remain in the register.

8-6 Standard deviation
With the function mode selector at the "SD(o}" position, the calculator
automatically computes standard deviation (o), arithmetical mean (x),
number of data {«}, sum of square (Ex 2 ) and sum (£x) by operation
of Entry (data) Q and each answer is retrieved by depression of the Q
key and appropriateCD,ED> SB & C3 keys, symbolized for their function.
* Be sure to depress the GB key prior to starting a standard deviation
function.
* Depression of theQ.QS.Q, Q or Q is not restricted to order.
427.
* To enter a data as a negative figure, operate Data OB in sequence.
v To correct the data after depressing the Q key, depress the 0 key
successively and re-enter the data correctly.
EXAMPLE OPERATION READ-OUT
Mm —— mu i . . i i
To find Standard deviation and arithme¬
tical mean based on the data: 1.2, —0.9,
-1.5, 2.7, -0.6.
"SD(o)" "F" 8B1020O9O0
105BB2Q7B
(mistake) 10600
(To correct) Q
0600
rn
Q
Note: The calculator computes the standard deviation (a) based on
the formula:
If the S,D. is required on the formula
in the above example, operate as follows.

INVOICING
OP ERATIO N READ-OUT
"GT” “F" QQ150BD6Q5CD
70BQ14CD25CD
480BD55Q3
Q
Q6E3
+

Operations:
Four basic functions, chain & mixed operations, multipfication/division
with a constant, squares & powers, reciprocals, percentage calculations
including mark-up/discounts, square roots, automatic accumulation m
four functions, direct access to the memory, division obtaining the
remainder, fractional calculations, time calculations, angle calculations,
statistical calculations including standard deviation, and various kinds of
practical calculations.
Capacity:
£ntry., . . , 8 digits
Four basic functions...8 digits
Square root.. . . # ..8 digits
Accumulation into the memory...8 digits
Fractional calculation.*.Max. 3 digits
(for each integer, numerator or denominator} and at the same time
Max. a 6 digits for the sum of each part.
Decimal point: Full floating or fixed with cut-off or round-off at 2
decimal place.
Negative number: indicated by minus (—) sign on the left of the figure.
Overflow check: Indicated by the "E." sign, locking the calculator.
Read-out: Zero suppression, Digitron tube panel.
Main component: One chip LSI.
Power consumption: 0.2 W
Power source:
AC 100, 117, 220 or 240V (±10V), 5G/6QHz, with applicable AC
Adaptor.
DC Two AA size manganese dry batteries (SUM-3) operate about ID
hours continuously.
Two AA size alkaline dry batteries (AM-3) operate about 20
hours continuously.
Usable temperature: 0°C * 40°C (32° F ~ 104° F)
Dimensions: 25 mm H x 82 mm W x 140 mm D
(1" H x 3-3/8" W x 5-5/8" D)
Weight: 1 75 g (6 02 ) including batteries.