Casio V.p.a.m fx-100s User manual

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}x-100s

fx-115s

hx-570s

fx-991s

ENGLISH

1

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Using

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When

inserting

the

unit

into

the

Hard

case,

be

sure

to

correctly

align

the

tabs

of

the

case

with

the

grooves

on

the

sides

of

the

unit,

and

then

slide

the

unit

in

place.

(fx-570s/991s)

¥

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Congratulations

on

your

selection

of

a

CASIO

Scien-

tific

Calculator.

Though

operation

of

this

calculator

is

quite

simple,

we

suggest

that

you

read

this

operation

manual

to

become

familiar

with

the

many

features

and

functions

that

are

now

at

your

fingertips.

.

To

help

ensure

years

of

trouble-free

operation,

do

not

touch

the

inside

of

the

calculator,

avoid

strong

impact,

and

do

not

press

on

the

keys

with

undue

force.

Also

remember

that

extreme

cold

(below

0°C

or

32°F),

heat

(above

40°C

or

104°F),

and

humidity

can

have

an

af-

fect

on

the

functions

of

the

calculator.

Never

use

lac-

quer

thinner,

benzine,

or

other

volatile

fluids

to

clean

the

calculator.

For

servicing,

contact

your

retailer

or

anearby

dealer.

~

|

a

Before

starting

a

calculation,

be

sure

to

press

the

key

and

confirm

that-’’0."’

is

shown

on

the

display.

*

Special

care

should

be

taken

to

avoid

damaging

the

unit

by

bending

or

dropping

it,

For

example,

do

not

Carry

it

in-

your

hip

pocket.--.---

-

9

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COMPLEX

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CALGULATIONS22171

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1/0PERATIONAL

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1-1

Key

Markings

Each

of

the

keys

is

assigned

a

number

of

different

func-

tions.

The

key

illustrated

here,

for

example,

has

three

different

functions.

10*

XOR

The

following

table

shows

how

you

access

each

of

the

Reyes

s

functions.

To

access

°

'

{

This

function

is

accessed

whenever

you

press

the

key.

ae

a

This

function

is

accessed

whenever

you

press

this

key

while

in

the

BASE-N

Mode.

.

eee

“

.

aaa

ead

«

‘QAR:

Keys

are

marked

using

various

colors:

The-

ollowing

table

provides

the

meaning

of

each.

color.

used

for

key.

markings.

eRe

COSHAOD

+

\

‘

he,

+

‘

Y

i

Ai

3

ad

ae

Wt

“34

“Color

=

Sm

a

a

ae

Function

accessed.

when*the:ke

‘is

cy

pressed

while

the

unit:

bitrates

Mode.

sus

2

KOT

DAU

‘

ee

ae

ree

‘Function

accessed,

w

a0

er

Fun

when;

the

ke

pressed

while

the

unit

is

in

the

é

(standard

deviation)

or

LR

Mode

{linear

regression).

bosv

es

.f

Specify:

Ahissmode_to_

perform

standard.

Pies

cal-

{

culgtions::The

‘’SD/é

indicator

ishown

on

the

display

4

when,

the

unit

is:

in.the;SD-

isang

he

>

et

&

Bun

aca

ieo'ny

eI

Specify

this

modgito

pe

|

latiénséThe-“ER3ridie

when

the'

unit

Oia

Color

Violet

|

Function

accessed

when

the

key

is

pressed

while

the

unit

is in

the

CMPLX

Mode

(complex

number).

1-2

Modes

Before

beginning

any

calculation,

you

must

first

tell

the

calculator

what

type

of

operation

you

are

about

to

per-

form.

You

do

this

by

specifying

the

proper

mode.

Use

the

mode

menu

to

specify

the

mode

that

you

want.

@

Specifying

a

Calculation

Mode

|

1.

Specifying

the

COMP

Mode,

SD

Mode,

LR

Mode,

CMPLX

Mode

_

7

(1)

Press

the

fg

key

and

Mode

Specification

Menu

No.

1

appears

as

own

below.”

.

5

a

ae

ee

a

ee

mice!

gs?

2

Ne

Piss

a

:

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;

iota

pa

%

5

‘

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so

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im,

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caex

ee

ee

ier

ote

on

Press

‘the

Se

vey

‘thatc

Votfesponds

&

to

the

cal-

culation.

mode

you,

want

.

to-specify.

ei

aeesen

T

23

t

bd

we

set

hyo

Sh

‘The

following

describes,

the

meaning

of

each-made.

°

(1)

-

COMP

Mode:

~~

~~

Specify

this

mode,

to

perform

general

calculations,

j

cluding

fufiction

Soir

nhl

peer

surement:

is'the:

last

one;you:

wapectieds

teen

a

©

(@

=

SD

Mode

“28

arepags

8

oi

Lett

ome.

hand

pw

gene

ah

.

ut

is

aft

CPt

¥:

iD

ar

regression,

cent

Po

Md

key

TON

wy

Lo

specev

the

number

o

cecena

pieces.

¢

[4]

-

CMPLX

Mode

2

Press

the

number

key

that

corresponds

to

the

unit

Specify

this

mode

to

perform

complex

number

calcu

of

angular

measurement

mode

you

want

to

scecify.

lations.

The

‘‘CMPLX"'

indicator

is

shown

on

the

dis

The

following

describes

the

meaning

of

each

mode.

play

when

the

unit

is

in

the

CMPLX

Mode.

+

[7]

-

DEG

Mode

Tae

Use

this

mode

to

specify

degrees

as

the

unt

of

anau-

2.

Specifying

the

BASE-N

Mode

lar

measurement.

The

“DEG”

indicator

is

shawn

on

the

1

Press

the

key

five

times

and

Mode

Specifica

display

when

the

unit

is

in

the

DEG

Made.

tion

Menu

No.

5

appears

as

shown

below.

*

[2]

-

RAD

Mode

Use

this

mode

to

specily

radians

as

the

unit

of

angutar

measurement.

The

“RAD”

indicator

is

shown

on

the

BASE.N

display

when

the

unit

is

in

the

RAD

Mode

1

+

(3)

-

GRA

Mode

Use

thts

mode

to

specify

grads

as

the

umt

of

argular

measurement.

The

‘’GRA"”’

indicator

is

shown

on

the

display

when

the

unit

is

in

the

GRA

Made.

@

he

ere

key

to

specify

the

BASE-h

"The

DEG,

RAD,

and

GRA

modes

can

be

used

tn

any

sao

calculation

mode

except

the

BASE-N

Mode.

*

[7]

-

BASE-N

Mode

Whenever

power

is

switched

off

by

the

Auto

Power

Off

function,

restonng

power

automaticaily

enters

the

En

{

mM

;

}

I

x

.

i.

ter

this mode

to

Geter

conversion

between

binary

1354

mode

you

were

in

when

power

switched

off.

octal,

decimal

and

hexadecimal!

number

systems,

or

tc

perform

logical

operator

calculations.

The

‘‘BASE-N”

LY

apr

nea

;

indicator

is

shown

on

the

display

when

the

unit

is

ir

Specifying

a

Display

Mode

the

BASE-N

Mode.

‘1;

Press

the

bea

key

three

times

and

Mode

Specifca-

"The

COMP,

SD,

LR,

CMPLX

and

BASE-N

modes

are

#10

Menu

No.

3

appears

as

shown

below.

all

independent

of

each

other.

You

cannot

use

ther

in

any

combination.

Whenever

power

is

switched

of

FIX

sa

MORK

by

the

Auto

Power

Off

function,

restoring

power

au-

tomatically

enters

the

last

mode

you

were

in

wher

power

switched

off.

1

2

3

M

Specifying

an

Angle

Unit

Mode

2,

Press

the

number

key

that

corresponds

to

the

dis-

(1)

Press

the

key

two

times

and

Mode

Specifica-

Play

mode

you

want

to

specify.

tion

Menu

No.

2

appears

as

shown

below.

The

foliowing

describes

the

meaning

of

each

mode.

«

(1)

-

FIX

Mode

DEG

=

RAD

GRA

Use

this

mode

to

specify

the

number

of

decimal!

places

to

the

right

of

the

decimal

point.

The

‘'FIX"’

indicator

is

shown

on

the

display

when

the

unit

is

in

the

FIX

Mode.

When

you

enter

this

mode,

the

message

"0

~

9?"'

ap-

pears

on

the

display.

Press

a

number

key

from

[0]

to

to

specify

the

number

of

decimal

places.

OS

Example:

To

specify

three

decimal

point.

[wooe)

fone)

(woos)

(7) (3)

©

(2)

~

SCI

Mode

Use

this

mode

to

s

digits.

The

“‘SCI"’

when

the

unit

is

in

When

you

enter

this

places

to

the

r

indicator

is

shown

on

t

the

SC!

Mode.

,

mode,

the

message

/’0

pears

on

the

display.

Press

a

number

key

f

to

specify

the

number

of

Significant.

di

Example:

To

specify

five

significant

digits.

Gocoe)

fone)

fone)

(2)

(5)

vy

¢

(3)

-

NORM

1/NORM

2

Mode

~

_

Specify

this

mode

to

cancel

the

num

place

and

number

of

Significant

digit’

When

you

enter

thi

pears

on

the

displ

to

specify

one

of

t

“NORM

1

Mode

-

Values

less

tha

than

10"°

are

displayed

using

e

“NORM

2

Mode

-

Values

less

than

107}.

a

than

10°°

are

displayed

using

exponentia

*The

FIX,

SCI,

and

NORM

‘1/NORM

'2°m

independe

any

combination.

When

the

Auto

Power

Off

fun

matically

enters

the

la

power

switched

off...

@

Press

the

f@)

key

one

more

cation

Menu

No.

4

appear

n,

10°?

ag

ction,

restoring

po

St

mode

you

were

+

oy

time

ah

Mod

ata

AM,

+4

re

an

10

3

fi

ight

of

thea,

Press

the

number

(1)

key

to

pecify

the

number

of

significan'N

Calculations.

T

NG’

he

dispiaythe

display

when

the

unit

is

ay

ber

of

decima

specifications.

S

mode,

the

message41

~

2?’

a

os

ay.

Press

the

number

key

(1)

or

(2

he

two

modes

as

described

below.

‘them

ever

power

is

switched

off

by”.

|

_

er

auto.

in

when

Bo

WD

st

on

aT

aoome

Ay

iat

vga.

dum

8

gp

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Pee

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3

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>

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ey

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*

tf

en,

ee

ns

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re

ees

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oe

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nt

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each

other.

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u

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of

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4

Wore

he

specify

the

ENG

Mode.

e

(1)

-

ENG

Mode

While

in

the

COMP

Mode

you

can

specify

the

ENG

Mode

to

input

engineering

symbols

and

use

them

he

‘'ENG”’

indicator

is

shown

on

in

the

ENG

Mode.

See

“Engineering

symbol

calculations’

on

page

243

of

this

~

9?"'

ap-manual

for

details.

from

(0)

tc

gits.

Important!

ae

-

oS.

4

ict

When

you

use

the

fag

key

to

select

a

mode,

modes

that

cannot

be

entered:

from

the

current

mode

‘are

skipped.

If

you

are

in

the

BASE-N

Mode,

for

example,

the

Angle

Specification

Mode

is

skipped.

ow

1

Exponent

.

ze

FIX,

DEG SC}

RAD

NORM

GRA

ENG

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The

display:showsiaput

data;

intermediate.

suits

and

results-of

calculations.

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displays.up

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tir

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bergoee

te

5

ite

Miss

i

Tad

1907

Data

stored

in

m

3

Constant

calculation

(page

226)

A

et

K

You

can

selec

ithe

following

procedure.

-

1,

oad

acne

fone)

(3)

R++|

Imaginary

number

part

(page|

324)

SD

SD

Mode

(page

343)

LR

LR

Mode

(page

351)

CMPLX

CMPLX

Mode

(page

324)

BASE-N

BASE-N

Mode

(page

251)

DEG

or

RAD

Unit

of

angular

measurement

(page

or

GRA

~310)

FIX

Number

of

decimal

places

(page

316

SCI

Number

of

significant

digits

(page

316

NORM

NORM

1/NORM

2

Mode

(page

11)

ENG

ENG

Mode

(page

243)

In

addition

to

the

above

indicators,

the

4-character

do

area

in

the

upper

left

of

the

display

shows

the

calcula

tion

command

symbol

(sin,

cos,

etc.):or

the

equal:

Sy

m0:

The

dot

area

in

the

lower

right

of

the

displa

Ss

ows

the

arithmetic

operation

symbols.

a:

“

MExponential

Displays.

*

~-

*.

aa

During

normal

calculation;

this

calculators

ci

pable

o

displaying

values

up

to

10

digits

long.

The

calculate

automatically

switches

over

to

exponential

notation

fo

any

value

greater

than

9,999,999,999.

The

lower

limi

for

exponential

display

is

selectable

as

either

NORM

1

or

NORM

2

as

shown

in

the

following

table:

.-

j

NORM

2

0.000000001

"|

*8/999,989°

ect

between

NORM

1

and

NORM

SEE

Oye

“opp

retatyrte

TE

wo

2.

Press

(1)

for

NORM

1

or

(2)

for-NORM

2.

i.

*”

ASS

|

Mesh

atiotet

SPA)

GEC

There

is

no

indication

of

which

mode

is

currently

in

ef

fect,

but

you

can

confirm'the'mode

by

performing

t

following

¢alculation.)

Ui

Dever:

s1au

:

(ALS

spec!

Canes

mene

|

~43-—

SE

es

“

at.

~a%

ie

£

we

AT

ERG

aay

ch

[0.005]

mor

2

moss

(All

of

the

example

in

this

manual

show

calculation

results

using

the

NORM

1

mode.)

162008

a

INORM

1

made?

@

Special

Display

Formats

Note

that

special

display

formats

are

used

for

fraction-

al,

hexadecimal,

sexagesimal

(base

60)

values

and

complex

number.

¢

Fraction

Display

Format

:

12

|

ae

3

°

Hexadecimal

Display

Format

===]

Display

of

ABCDEF

12:8

AbCdEF12

|!

=

-1412567278n0

Lapeer

°

Sexagesimal

Display

Format

_

_

DiSplay

‘of

'12°34°56.78""

wae

r

o:

i

as

12°34°56.78

|

¢

=:

_

i

3p

Sgt

ee

ee

me

Re,

Cy

cae.

ve

.

cigs

se

enter

ne

ree

.

Complex:

Number-Display

Format»

ve

;

Ps

"IAC

P40

5394

tar

the

AD

MS

a

OE

en

an]

a

a

oa

i

CE:

pe

4

:

LO

i

a

ae

te

Te

tron:

OO

aL

e

Detem.

+-

4

$

ee

a

Ee

aera’

‘

ss

tog

Cerne:

2/BEFORE

BEGINNING

CALCULATIONS

Formula

Input

(V.P.A.M.

System)

The

V.P.A.M.

System

of

this

calculator

lets

you

sim-

ply

input

a

formula

just

as

it

is

written,

and

then

press

the

Eq

key

to

obtain

the

result.

The

execution

of

arithmetic

operations,

functions

and

expressions

wi-

thin

parentheses

are

automatically

performed

in

the

correct

priority

sequence.

*Be

sure

to

press

the

Gg

key

before

starting

any

new

calculation.

Example

1:

2

x

(3

+

4)

=

GS

2E3

J

3G9

Example

2:

sin30

=

0.5

@

Calculation

Priority

Sequence

The

calculation

priority

sequence

is

used

in

mathemat-

ics

to

decide

which

operation

should

be

performed

first.

This

calculator

automatically

assigns

the

calculation

priority

sequence

shown

below.

(1)

Type

A

Functions

(where

the

value

is

ente7ed

first

and

then

the

function

key

is

pressed)

x’,

x’,

x!,

NEG

(in

the

BASE-N

Mode)

2)

Powers,

roots

5

ee

Coordinate

conversions

ROP,

P>R

|

Permutations,

conbinations

.

nPr,

nCr

(3)

Type

B

Functions

(where

the

function

key

is

Pee

and

then

the

value

is

entered).

V,

Vo

log,

In,

e*,

10",

sin,

cos,

tan,

sin

~*,

cos

ve

tan~',

sinh,

cosh,-tanh,

sinh~,

cosh

,

tanh",

NOT

.(in

the

BASE-N

Mode)

-

-

(4)

Multiplication,

division

ineludsg

constant

calcula-

tions)

—_..

Xe

t

6)

Addition,

subtraction

(including

constant

Calcula-

tions)

-

is

cs

©

AND

se

ee

@)

OR,

XOR,

XNOR--

z

*When

functions

with

the

same

priority

sequence

are

used

in

series,

they_are

executed

from

right

to

left

[e'Inv120—e"

{

In¢v:120)}].

Other

expressions

of

the

ty

‘priority

sequence

are

performed

from

left

to

}

In

the

BASEN

Mode

Fe

ee

tions

are

executed

right

to

left.’

~

eee

npSund

function

Sam

ng

contained

,

within,

“parentheses

receiyes

highest

priority.

Example:

pee

Ged

2+

SROGEsi

nize

‘6:8y=

2271

o18si

—

M@

Number

of

Stacks

This

calculator

uses

‘stack

memory’

for

temporary

storage

of

low

priority

numeric

values

and

commands

(functions,

etc}.

The

numeric

stack

has

6

levels.

while

the

command

stack

has

18.

It

a

complex

calculation

exceeds

the

Capacity

of

the

stack,

and

error

occurs

(indicated

by

’’~C€

—"'

on

the

disptay).

TT

“AB

4)+3)=+=-18

Command

stack

“Calculations

are

performed

in

sequence,

with

the

highest

priority

operation

first.

Once

a

calculation

is

executed,

it

is

cleared

from

the

stack.

@

Number

of

Input/Output

Digits

and

Calculation

Digits

The

allowable

input/output

range

(number

of

digits)

is

10

digits

for

a

mantissa,

and

2

digits

for

an

exponent.

Calculations

are

performed

internally

with

12

digits

for

the

mantissa

and

2

digits

for

the

exponent.

Example:

3

x

105-7

=

3576

42857.14286

GS

37}

5

G7

|

-

6428578

0.1428571

@

Memory

This

unit

contains

7

standard

m

basic

types

of

memories,

“

<

2

are

accessed

by

using

the

Berj§@

or

Sa

(fx-115s)

and

(4)

keys

in

combination

with

the

7

letters

of

the

al-

phabet,

and

the

Ba

memory,

which

ts

access-

ed

by

using

the

+),

BaFJAE),

GR)

(or

AG)

)

and

Sry

ian

keys.

same

memory

area.

*

Variable

memories

|

Up

to

7

values

can

be

retained

in

memory

at

the

same

tuume,

and

can

be

recalled

when

desired.

Example:

inputting

123

into

memory

‘‘A’’.

123

fej

&G

(4)

Ba} (A)