Casio QV-5000SX Troubleshooting guide

ZOOM MODE
MENU
+
–
DISP
ON/OFF
POWER
REC
PLAY
LCD ON/OFF
R
QV-5000SX
MAY. 1998
(without price)
(KX-777)

CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................................... 1
BLOCK DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................................... 2
POWER SUPPLY FLOW ............................................................................................................................ 3
VOLTAGE TABLE....................................................................................................................................... 4
ADJUSTMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1. Complete Unit .................................................................................................................................... 5
1-1. Loading ADJ................................................................................................................................. 5
1-2. White balance · Sensitivity adjustment ..................................................................................... 5
1-3. Flash operation and recharge operation ................................................................................... 7
1-4. Current consumption .................................................................................................................. 9
1-5. Operation check (Reference)...................................................................................................... 9
1-6. Test mode ................................................................................................................................... 10
2. D-PCB Assy ...................................................................................................................................... 13
2-1. Operation check......................................................................................................................... 13
3. L-PCB Assy ...................................................................................................................................... 15
3-1. VCC18, VCC15, VEE7 voltage adjustment............................................................................... 15
DISASSEMBLY ......................................................................................................................................... 16
PRECAUTIONS WHEN ASSEMBLING.................................................................................................... 21
EXPLODED VIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 23
PARTS LIST .............................................................................................................................................. 24
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS ................................................................................................................... 32
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS ......................................................................................................................... 37
TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................................. 45

— 1 —
SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Recording System Digital (JPEG base); PC Link software can be used to input images in CAM, JPEG,
TIFF and other format.
Recording Medium Flash memory (8MB)
Memory Capacity/ SUPER FINE: 16 images
Computer Output image (450KB compressed – 1280 x 960 pixels)
FINE: 30 images
(225KB compressed – 1280 x 960 pixels)
NORMAL: 57 images
(113KB compressed – 1280 x 960 pixels)
ECONOMY: 88 images
(64KB compressed – 640 x 480 pixels)
The above figures are approximations only. The actual number of images depends on
image subject matter.
Image Element 1/3-inch CCD (Total Pixels: 1,310,000; Effective Pixels: 1,250,000)
Computer Output image 1280 x 960 / 640 x 480 pixels
Lens F2.8, f = 5.47mm
Focusing Selectable between phase-difference detection system autofocus and manual focus.
Aperture Lens shutter/auto iris
Focus Range NORMAL: 0.3m to ∞
MACRO: 10cm
(From surface of protective lens.)
Light Metering TTL center priority by CCD
Exposure Metering Program AE
Exposure Range EV +6 to 17
Exposure Correction –2EV to +2EV (1/2EV units)
Shutter CCD electronic shutter/mechanical shutter
Shutter Speed 1/8 to 1/500 second
White Balance Automatic
Self-timer 10 seconds
Recording Modes Single-image; Self-timer; Movie; Panorama; Title; Macro
Flash Modes AUTO, ON, OFF, Red-eye Reduction
Monitor/Viewfinder 1.8-inch TFT low-glare color LCD; 122,100 (555 x 220) pixels
Video Output NTSC/PAL (selectable)
Input/Output Terminals DIGITAL OUT, VIDEO OUT, AC adaptor connector
Power Supply Four batteries (AA-size alkaline or lithium batteries)/AC adaptor (AD-C620)
Power Consumption Approximately 7.6 W
Dimensions 131(W) x 69(H) x 43(D) mm
Weight Approximately 250g (excluding batteries)
Standard Accessories wrist strap; soft case; video cable; four LR6 alkaline batteries; owner’s manual
• The liquid crystal panel built into this camera is the product of precision engineering, with an effective pixel rate of
99.99%. This also means, however that 0.01% of the pixels can be expected to fail to light or to remain lit at all
times.

— 2 —
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ST-UNIT
C-PCB
High voltage
generator
Lens
UNIT
Battery
Voltage
Xo
LAMP
D-PCB
AF-PCB
PW-PCB
KA-PCB
sensor
Comparator
Voltage Controller
Voltage Controller
3.3V
VCC3-1
VCC3-2
VCC3-3
12.75V
VCC13
7.5V
VCC7
5.0V
VCC2
–14.5V
VEE2
3.0V
VDD
B, G
R/VIDEO
AGND5
VCC5-1
CSYNC
VOUT
SGND
VA
LTTRGN
FBN
PREN
/SHUTTER
V3
V1
CH3A
CH1A
V4
V2
CH3B
SUB
CH1B
OFDC
RESET
/STBY1.2
DB0
~
DB9
RSTCCD
SHP
SHD
CLAMP
SDI
SCK
LOAD
H1
H2
RLED
GLED
COMMAND
STATUS
/SCK
/FLB
/SHUTTER
/FLB
/LSRT
VCC1-L
LGND
BLCONT
PWCONT
DGND3
JKSW
PW0~3
ADPTN
GND5
VCC5-1
SLED
DGND3
VCC3-1
EVCC3
AGND3
VCC3-2
GND
VCC1-3
VCC1-L
PLAY/REC
BLACTB
VCC3-1
SDIPO
SDOPO
6.0V
BL-VCC
AGND
5V
PGND
V. PM
VCC3-3
GND3
DGND
VCC
VCC18
VCC5-4
VCC15
GND4
3.3V
EVCC3
18.5V
VCC18
15V
VCC15
–9V
VEE7
GND
GND
VCC5-1
VCC1-ST
16pin
(C FPC C)
10pin
51pin
15pin 10pin
6pin
14pin
(C FPC C)
16pin
26pin (C to F)
20pin
(B to B)
20pin
60pin
(C FPC B) 20pin
(B to B)
20pin
Battery
5.0V
VCC5-1
VCC5-2
VCC5-3
VCC5-4
KEY
MODE
DISP
MENU
S/N/F/E
S-TIMER
FLASH
VGH
VREFH
VGL
VREFL
GRES
GPCK
GSRT
SO
SCK
SUBCE
INHN
KIN0
KIN1
KIN2
KIN3
KOUT2
DGND3
PACT
KOUT0
KOUT1
VCC3-1
KIN0
KIN1
KIN2
DGND3
RESET
MODE2
CS
VCOM
VBC
SRTR
SRTL
BLCNT
HDB
BL-VCC
BLGND
DGND3
BLACTB
OE
CLR
HCNT
MCLK
MODE1
VSS
GOUT
BOUT
VDD
VSH
CA481-TS
SUB-LCD
V-Dr
LZ23J3V
CCD XRD44L60 CDS/AGC/ADC
IR3Y26A1
RGB Interface
VIDEO/RGB
SW
CM7018
TFT Controller
LC75821
LCD
Controller
1.8"TFT
LCD Module
COD18T1022
V-Dr
SUB
CPU
AF-PCB
BL-PCB
DC
JACK
KEY
SHUTTER
(+)
(–)
VIDEO
JACK
Serial
Commu-
nication
Jack
DRIVER
EEPROM
CL-UNIT
VCC1-ST
VCC5-1
GND
H-BUFFER
2 color
LED
Timer
LED
DRIVER
KB-PCB
L-PCB
JK-IN
Serial
communication
buffer
VIDEO75Ω
driver
DCAM-101
FLASH/MASK memory
8Mbit
MSM82C55A
Extension I/O
Volrtage
detector
DRAM ×2
32Mbit (50ns)
NAND FLASH memory
64Mbit
Backlight controller
circuit
LCD
ON/OFF
F
SOP
SIP
DGND5
LGND
VIDEO
VGND VSW
10pin (B to B)
10pin (B to B)

— 3 —
PW2=H PW2=L (BLCONT=L PWCONT=L) PW2=H (PWCONT=H CSYNC Start BLCONT=H)
(2) REC MODE, LCD ON
POWER SUPPLY FLOW
When power is turned on, the power supply flows in each mode are as shown below.
(1) PLAY MODE
(3) REC MODE, LCD OFF
PW2=H PW2=L (BLCONT=L PWCONT=L) (PW1=H PW3=H) PW2=H (PWCONT=H CSYNC start BLCONT=H)
PW2=H PW2=L (BLCONT=L PWCONT=L) (PW1=H PW3=H) PW2=H

— 4 —
VOLTAGE TABLE
PCB
D
C
AF
ST
L
Signal
VCC1-3
EVCC3
VCC3 VCC3-1
VCC3-2
VCC3-4
VCC5-1
VCC18
VCC15
VCC5-4
VCC3 VCC3-1
VCC3-3
VEE7
VCC5-2
VCC5-3
VCC3-1
VCC1-ST
VCC5-1
F.B. VCC13
VCC7
VCC2
VEE2
VDD
VCC5-1
VCC3-1
BL-VCC
Control signal (“H” active)
Non, Sw,
Non, Sw,
PW0
PW0
PW0
PW2
PW1
PW1
PW3
PW0
PW0
PW3
PW1
PW1
PW0
Non, Sw,
PW2
PWCONT
PWCONT
PWCONT
PWCONT
PWCONT
PW2
PW0
PWCONT ∗BLCONT
Main Bolock
F, F, (POWER SW)
CPU, Flash, ROM, RAM
CPU (Analog)
CCD, Strobe
Strobe (Logic)
VDr
CCD, VDr, Buff,
C-MOSBuff,
CDS,AGC, AD (Driver)
CDS,AGC, AD, VDr
CCD, VDr,
AFMotor
Eyeris, Measure
AF (Logic)
Strobe Charge
Strobe (Logic)
Disp (Gate)
Disp (Source) RGB I/F
RGBI/F
Disp (Gate)
Disp (Logic), TFTController
Video Out, Serial
SignalSW, Serial
BackLight
Voltage [V]
BATTERY
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
5.0
18.5
15.0
5.0
3.3
3.3
-9.0
5.0
5.0
3.3
BATTERY
5.0
13.5
7.5
5.0Adj
-15.0
3.0
5.0
3.3
6.0Adj

— 5 —
PC
RS232C port
Link cable
QV-5000SX
ADJUSTMENT
1. Complete Unit
1-1. Loading ADJ
Set QV-5000SX to “PLAY” mode.
(1) Connect QV-5000SX and DOS/V PC with link cable.
(2) Execute the adjustment software shown below on PC.
DT777E - aok 98042101.adj ENTER
(3) During the procedure, “MEMORY ERROR#4” appears on the display of QV-5000SX but this
does not indicate malfunction.
(4) Parameter loading complete message will be displayed.
1-2. White balance · Sensitivity adjustment
1. Preparation
(1) Viewer (Kenko light box handy 5000) (Modified in order to input DC externally)
(2) Voltage regulator (Output voltage: 0 to 10 V, Output current: 0 ~ 1 A)
(3) Use two ND filter together, one ND10 and one ND20.
(4) Use two color temperature converter filter together, one LA10 and one LA20.
*Although those filters are sold at a large camera store, they are available from CASIO. Please
refer to the parts list (page 31).
2. Setting of equipment
(1) Supply 6 V to simplified viewer from voltage regulator.
(2) Turn on power of simplified viewer and leave it on for more than 30 minutes.
3. Adjustment procedure
(1) Start test mode MENU2.
•Set function switch to REC mode
•Turn POWER switch ON while pressing DISP key and Shutter button simultaneously.
•Press mode key twice
•Press flash key and menu key simultaneously.
(On display, cursor is placed on CCD RGB ADJUST)
(2) Set the filter so that center of illuminance face and center of two color temperature converter
filters are lined up.
(3) Bring lens of QV-5000SX close to the center of color temperature converter filters then stick QV-
5000SX and filters together.
(4) Press the shutter button.
(5) When RGB ADJUST COMPLETE is displayed the initialization, of white balance is completed.
(6) Remove two color temperature filters from simplified viewer.
(7) Set the filter so that center of illuminance face and center of two ND filters are lined up.
[ [

— 6 —
Equipment needed to execute white balance and sensitivity adjustment
(8) Bring lens of QV-5000SX close to the center of ND filters, then stick QV-5000SX and filters
together.
(9) Press the shutter button.
(10) When SENS ADJ COMPLETE is displayed the adjustment of sensitivity is completed.
(11) Turn power switch off.
•When using kenko light box handy 5000 go on with the procedure listed below, 12. to 15.
Execute them only once. If you execute more than once start from procedure 1.
(12) Set function switch to PLAY mode, then turn on power.
(13) Connect QV-5000SX and PC with a link cable then execute R, BGAIN compensation software
(kadj1E.exe) on Windows 95.
(14) Click “replace AD”.
(15) White balance adjustment is completed when “AD replacement complete” is displayed.
4. Checking Adjustment
(1) White balance
•Set white balance manually to sunlight.
•Turn on the power switch of simplified viewer and take a picture.
•Compare it with a regular picture and if there are no difference, its setting is OK.
(2) Sensitivity
•Set strobe to AUTO.
•Take a picture of a person’s face in a dark room at a distance of about 1 meter.
•Compare it with a regular picture and if there are no difference, its setting is OK.
No. 1
No. 2
ADJ SOFT
CCD RGB ADJUST
CCD SENSADJUST
Color temperature
(K) light source 1
4400 ±200
Light intensisty
(cd/m2) light source 2
50 ±5
Note
No specified figure for
light intensity
No specified figure for
color temperature
Light source (viewer)
PRECAUTIONS
• Since the intensity of light and color temperature varies in the simplified viewer, let it sit for 30
minutes before using.
• The deviation of simplified viewer’s illuminace face’s point light intensity is large, try to set the
illuminace face at the center.
• Pay attention since the figure of R, BGAIN compensation software (kadj1E. exe) keeps changing.

— 7 —
1-3. Flash operation and recharge operation
• Apply 6.0 ±0.1 V voltage on DC in jack.
• Set QV-5000SX in “REC” mode.
• Perform after flash adjustment.
(1) Shoot a picture with flash ON.
(2) Shoot in red eye reduction mode.
(3) Shoot in macro mode.
(4) Set QV-5000SX in “PLAY” mode and check the pictures taken.
(5) Monitor the trigger waveform of (1), (2) and (3) on a digital oscilloscope and make sure there are
no errors.
(6) Shoot a picture with flash OFF. (Make sure there is no flash)
(7) Make sure that the charging current is less than 1.3 A.
Note: Make sure that the pictures taken in steps (1) and (2) are not whitish, dark or erroneously
colored.
Flash lens face
Monitor
Digital oscilloscope Probe close to
flash lens face
QV-5000SX
Earth of hte probe
Should be hooked as shown above.
TIME : 1.0 µsec/DIV
VOLTS: 1 V/DIV (AC mode)

— 8 —
Flash trigger waveform
1. Normal waveform TIME : 1 µsec/DIV
VOLTS : 1 V/DIV
(2) When trigger skipping occurs on the first
negative pulse.
ACQUIRE
NORMAL 1 ENVELOPE 2
AVS REPET ON | OFF SAVE ON ON | OFF
CH1 1V 757µVUERT1µV
First positive
pulse.
First negative
pulse.
OK if second positive pulse is shown.
2. NG waveforms when trigger skipping occurs.
(1) When trigger skipping occurs on the first
positive pulse.

— 9 —
1-4. Current consumption
Set QV-5000SX to “PLAY” mode.
(1) Current consumption (DC in = 6.0 ±0.1 [V])
(2) Lower the voltage from 6 V as shown below then make sure the battery warning indicator changes.
DC in = 5.0 ±0.05 [V] (PLAY mode)
DC in = 4.65 ±0.05 [V] (PLAY mode)
Note: Make sure that current consumption is less than 550 mA in PLAY mode.
Reference: • Current consumption of REC mode.
• Maximum 800 mA (Flash charge current is not included)
1-5. Operation check (Reference)
(1) Shock resistance, battery operation
(2) Jack operation, slide switch operation, button operation.
(3) Cover open/close operation, battery cover open/close operation
(4) Resolution, paralax, color revival
(5) Standard/Macro switch, AE operation, AF operation, self timer countdown display
(6) Flash display function, LED display function
(7) Video output, digital communication, page display
(8) Dust and scratches on lens
(9) Appearance
Notes: •In MACRO mode make sure the focus gets clear at a distance of 100 ±4 mm from the front
part of protector.
•In NORMAL mode make sure you are able to see the specified resolution specified on the
center resolution chart and 79 % chart at a distance of 300 ±10 mm.
•Operate the procedures listed below as a secondary judgement of procedure (2).
•In NORMAL mode make sure you are able to see the specified resolution specified on the
center resolution chart and 85 % chart at a distance of 1000 ±10 mm.
*Take a shot at F mode then check the resolution after loading it to the PC.
*After checking on the PC. Adjustments are made only when there is a problem.
•Plates, letters, screws, label are to be checked as appearance.
•Check the color revival using tint chart and the noise level
Make sure the figures on video outputs are as shown below.
~ROM98022502: 1.0 V ±0.2V (test pattern white100 %)
ROM98022601~: 0.82V ±0.2V (test pattern white 75 %)
*Operate at 75 Ωend terminal.
•Make sure the setting “NTSC/PAL” after D-PCB replacement.

— 10 —
1-6. Test mode
(1) Turn power ON while pressing shutter button and DISP button simultaneously.
TEST MODE display is displayed.
In the center of the display “TEST MODE” is displayed at 4 times the size of other letters.
In the lower right corner PATCH, LOADER, ADj and Program version are displayed.
PATCH : When there is no PATCH, 11111111 will be displayed
ADJ : WhenADJ is broken or CCD is not adjusted, dates will not be displayed.
(2) Press MENU button and FLASH button simultaneously.
MENU 1 appears on the display.
(3) Double click MODE key then press MENU button and FLASH button simultaneously.
MENU 2 appears on the display
•Press +/– to select and SHUTTER button to confirm.
TEST MODE
PATCH 11111111
LOADER 7
ADj. 98012201
VER. 98012201

— 11 —
MENU1
MENU1-1
MENU1-2
MENU1-3
MENU1-4
MENU1-5
MENU1-6
MENU1-7
MENU1-8
Set at factory.
1. RECLCD: ON
2. ON
3. FLASH: AUTO
4. QUALITY: F
5. WB: AUTO
6. PICTURE: NORMAL
7. MOVIE TIME: 3.2 sec
8. TITLE
9. Zoom:
10. VIDEO OUT: NTSC or PAL
Displays 10 steps of grey scale.
Light intensity values are 16, 38 ,60, 82, 104, 126, 148, 170, 192, 214, 235
Black display
50 % gray display
White display
32 ×32 pixel grid pattern on black, or RED square at REC Thru (320 ×216) or
Yellow square at PLAY MODE (360 ×240) or 1 PIXELmark is displayed in the
center.
Displays color bar.
1. INIT. SETTING NTSC
2. INIT. SETTING PAL
3. GRAY SCALE (10STEP)
4. BLACK
5. 50% GRAY
6. WHITE
7. CROSS HATCH
8. COLOR BAR

— 12 —
MENU2-1
MENU2-2
MENU2-3
MENU2-4
Execute CCD color solid adjustment, then record it on ADJ of flash memory
display.
Press shutter button by adjusting the light amount using specified filters in
specified viewer.
When setting mark is displayed it is completed.
Execute CCD sensitivity check, check result is stored in ADJ area of the picture
flash memory.
Press shutter button by adjusting the light amount using specified filter in
specified viewer.
When setting mark is displayed, it is completed.
Battery life measurement function.
When shutter button is pressed, it will shoot pictures at interval of about 10
seconds. It will go off when battery goes dead or when power is turned off.
FOCUS/iris display function
At REC through, present Focus point and iris will be displayed on the LCD.
It will be easy to control Manual Focus precisely.
It will go off when power is turned off.
MENU2
1. CCD RGB ADJUST
2. CCD SENS. ADJUST
3. BATT. TEST
4. REC INFO.
5. SELF COPY
6. IMAGE COPY
7. MOTOR SETTING
8. SOKKYO CHANGE
9. NO COMP CAPT
Do not use 5 to 9 of MENU2 because it will corrupt data stored.

— 13 —
2. D-PCB Assy
2-1. Operation check
• Set QV-5000SX in “PLAY” mode.
• Connect C, L, PW, KA, KB, JK, BL PCB.
• Connect PACT (CP510) to GND for short time (1, 2 seconds).
Then the unit will be operation mode.
Supply electricity to each power source of D PCB.
VCC3-1; 3.3 ±0.08V VCC5-1; 5.0 ±0.1V
EVCC; 3.3 ±0.08V VCC1-3; 6.0 ±0.08V
AC adaptor can be used. But if the unit does not operate correctly use the values listed above.
1. Clock frequency check
Make sure SYSCLKP terminal is at f0 = 54MHz ±60ppm.
2. DT program check
Program used: dt777E
Check the items listed below.
(1) Make sure serial communication connection is OK.
(2) Check ROM version.
(3) Make sure DRAM is OK.
(4) Make sure flash memory is OK.
(5) Check the voltages detected. (HIGH will be displayed)
(vcc1-3 voltage high; 6.0 ±0.1 V, middle; 4.5 ±0.1 V, low; 4.0 ±0.1 V)
(6) Check that each mode is OK.
• REC/PLAY mode
• VIDEO jack used/not used
•AC adaptor jack used/not used
(7) Make sure each key works correctly.
(8) Make sure each LED lights.
• LED for self timer
• Operation display LED
(9) Make sure TFT LCD display goes on an off correctly.
(10) Make sure SUB LCD lights.
(11) Turn power OFF.
3. Make sure RGB and VIDEO are outputted.
For VIDEO, check each of NTSC type and PAL type.
Note: Make sure video signal level are as shown below.
ROM version (~98022502) : 0.810 V ±0.160 (100 % white)
ROM version (98022601~) : 0.665 V ±0.150 ( 75 % white)

— 14 —
How to use
dt777E ENTER
To check D PCB (dt777E.exe), you will have to enter into serial communication for D PCB alone.
For host computer use 1 MB PC-AT compatible.Add check circuit to connectors as needed.
Version display
Self test of DRAM
Check of control block
Voltage detect test
Mode detect test
Detects each key
LED display test
LCD display ON/OFF test
Sub LCD display test
Displays ROM version.
Read/write check of video buffer area only.
If no errors are found “OK” will be displayed. If any errors are
found FLASH memory will be formatted. (about 30 seconds)
In this case, all the pictures in memory will be deleted.
Displays the voltage detected by HIGH, MID, and LOW.
Detect REC/PLAY mode, video out mode, AC adapter mode,
and displays result.
Test by pressing keys. Press the key that is shown on the display.
Test operation display of self timer, follow the procedures shown
on display, and check if the lights go on.
Turn LCD display OFF then turn it ON again
Follow the procedures shown on the display.
Display all segments, then erase them.
Follow the procedures shown on the display.
TEST contents

— 15 —
Power
Supply
L-PCB
3.3 V
VCC1-L
PW~3
VCC18
VCC15
VEE7
V
3. L-PCB Assy
3-1. VCC18, VCC15, VEE7 voltage adjustment
• Make sure VCC1-1 (CP149) = 5.0 ±0.05 [V]
• Apply 3.3 V ±5 % to PW0 to PW3.
(1) Apply 5.0 ±0.05 V to VCC1-1 and adjust VR120 so that VCC18 (CP121) becomes 18.5 ±0.5 V.
(2) Adjust VR125 so that VCC15 (CP125) becomes 15.0 ±0.2 V.
(3) Adjust VR130 so that VEE7 (CP133) becomes –9.0 ±0.2 V.
Note: Adjust VCC15 after adjusting VCC18.

— 16 —
DISASSEMBLY
1. Unscrew two screws (S4) on the side.
2. Unscrew a screw (S4) on the bottom.
3. Open battery cover.
4. Release the hook on the side.
5. Use a (–) screwdriver to remove the small hook.
6. Remove the upper case.
7. It should look like this.
8. Remove the top case by lifting it up.
screw (S4)
screw (S4)
hook
hook

— 17 —
9. It should look like this.
10. Remove the hook of battery holder.
11. Pull out the frame block.
12. Frame block
13. Remove the label that says “CAUTION HIGH
VOLTAGE”
14. Connect resistor (1.5 kΩ5W) to flash
capacitor for discharging.
15. Put purple wire on top then green, yellow and
gray on the bottom when assembling the top
part of the lens.
16. Peel off the insulation sheet on the bottom.
hook
green
gray
purple
yellow
insulation
sheet

— 18 —
17. Bottom view (LCD)
18. Bottom view (camera)
19. Peel off the insulation sheet.
20. Unscrew two screws (S9) of KA PCB hidden
under the insulation sheet.
21. Remove a screw (S1) of KB PCB.
22. Remove KA PCB and KB PCB.
23. Unscrew two screws (S1) of the flash unit.
24. Remove the flash unit.
screw (S1)
screw (S1)