Cedar DC-1 De-Clicker User manual

DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 1
CEDAR
Professional Hardware Systems
DC-1 De-Clicker
Digital Audio Restoration System
SERIES 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Output Attenuation
CEDAR Audio Ltd
A member of the
Association of Professional Recording Services
CEDAR De-Clicker DC 1
Phones
Level
Power
Input Level Contrast
Enter
Bypass Page
Pre/Post
Digital
44.1kHz
48kHz
Bypass
Pre
Post
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
SERIES 2
OWNER'S MANUAL
© 1994 CEDAR Audio Ltd. Written by Gordon Reid
interstage
Phistersvej 31, 2900 Hellerup, Danmark
Telefon [phone], fax [phone]
www.interstage.dk
-pro audio with a smile

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................3
THE BACKGROUND TO SCRATCH REMOVAL ..............................................................................................4
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS........................................................................................................................................5
SET UP .........................................................................................................................................................................7
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................7
INSTALLATION SITE ...............................................................................................................................................7
RACK MOUNTING ...................................................................................................................................................7
FREE STANDING USE............................................................................................................................................7
CONNECTIONS..........................................................................................................................................................8
BEFORE CONNECTION .........................................................................................................................................8
POWER CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................................................8
SIGNAL LEAD CONNECTIONS .............................................................................................................................8
OTHER CONNECTIONS .......................................................................................................................................10
SAMPLE INSTALLATION IDEAS .......................................................................................................................11
A GUIDE TO RESTORATION PROCESSING..................................................................................................12
FRONT PANEL INDICATORS AND CONTROLS ...........................................................................................14
QUICK TOUR ............................................................................................................................................................16
WARMSTART AND COLDSTART ......................................................................................................................17
OPERATING THE CEDAR DC-1 SERIES 2 .....................................................................................................18
DEDICATED CONTROLS .....................................................................................................................................18
PAGES ...................................................................................................................................................................20
Control Page ....................................................................................................................................................21
Input/Output Control Page ............................................................................................................................23
Remote Control ...............................................................................................................................................27
STATUS PAGE ...............................................................................................................................................28
STATUS INDICATORS.................................................................................................................................28
NOTES AND HINTS TO USERS..........................................................................................................................31
REMOTE CONTROL PROTOCOLS ...................................................................................................................32
RS232.....................................................................................................................................................................32
MIDI.........................................................................................................................................................................34
SELF TEST MODE ..................................................................................................................................................35

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 3
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the CEDAR DC-1 De-clicker. The original DC-1 was the
world's first real-time dedicated digital de-clicking device, and the DC-1 SERIES 2
offers even greater processing power and performance - power exceeding that
obtained using digital signal processors (DSPs) installed in desk-top or larger
computer systems (excepting, of course, the CEDAR Production Systems).
The DC-1 SERIES 2 is designed for professional use, although it will work perfectly
well in a domestic environment, and its features include the following:
• The latest 'SERIES-2' CEDAR hardware.
• Digital Audio interfaces conforming to the AES/EBU and SP-DIF standards.
• 24-bit input and output resolution when using AES/EBU interfaces
• Three sample rates supported on digital inputs: 32kHz, 44.1kHz and 48kHz
• Two sample rates supported on analogue inputs: 44.1kHz and 48kHz
• Balanced analogue inputs and outputs for connection to professional
analogue equipment.
• ADC and DAC converters using the latest 64x over-sampling ∆-∑(Delta-
Sigma) technology.
• >103dB dynamic range A/D and >93dB dynamic range D/A
• Mountable in a 19" EIA rack.
• Remote control via MIDI and RS232 interfaces.
• SMPTE/EBU timecode capabilities via optional upgrade
• Input and output LED bar-graph VU meters.
• Twin 40-bit floating-point DSP processors delivering 50MFlops to handle the
most complex audio processing requirements.
• High levels of artificial intelligence designed into the DC-1 program algorithms
making it extremely simple to use.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 4
THE BACKGROUND TO SCRATCH REMOVAL
The term 'scratch' describes many different audio phenomena - ticks, pops, clicks,
crackle and thumps - as well as genuine scratch-like artefacts. However, when
analysed carefully, each of these degradations displays different sonic
characteristics. Therefore, a single process attempting to remove all of these
impulses would be an unacceptable compromise, incapable of total repair of any
single category.
These degradations can be separated into three categories: thumps (which includes
loud pops), scratches (including ticks and clicks), and crackle. The DC-1 SERIES 2
has been designed to perform real-time scratch removal.
The operation of the DC-1 is digital, and any signal presented to the analogue inputs
is internally converted to a suitable digital format by the integrated high quality
analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). Following click removal the processed signal is
converted back from digital format to analogue by the digital-to-analogue converter
(DAC).
For use with records, films, video, and tape, no other device offers the power,
facilities, or accuracy of the DC-1 SERIES 2.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 5
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION:
1. Read all of these instructions
All safety and operating instructions should be read before the DC-1 SERIES
2is operated.
2. Save these instructions for future reference.
3. Follow all warnings and instructions.
4. Water and Moisture
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should not be used near water, and must not be
exposed to rain or moisture. If the DC-1 is brought directly from a cold
environment into a warm one, moisture may condense inside the unit. This, in
itself, will not damage the DC-1, but may cause hazardous electrical shorting
to occur. This could severely damage the DC-1 and even cause danger to
life. ALWAYS allow time for the DC-1 to reach ambient temperatures before
connecting the mains power.
5. Mounting
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be carefully mounted in a 19" EIA rack, or placed
on a flat, stable surface. If used on a cart or free stand, care should be taken
when moved: uneven surfaces or excessive force may cause cart and DC-1
to overturn. Do not position the DC-1 in a place subject to strong sunlight,
excessive dust, mechanical vibration or periodic shocks.
6. Wall or Ceiling Mounting
The DC-1 SERIES 2 has not been designed for mounting directly to walls or
ceilings.
7. Ventilation
Good air circulation is essential to prevent internal heat built-up within the DC-
1 SERIES 2. The DC-1 should be situated so that its position does not
interfere with proper ventilation. The DC-1 should not be placed in any
situation that impedes the flow of air through the vents at the front and rear.
Do not place the DC-1 on a soft surface.
8. External Heat Sources
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be installed away from significant heat sources
such as radiators, and (if possible) away from other audio devices such as
amplifiers that produce large amounts of heat. Installation in racks with
devices such as signal processors or tape machines should not be a problem.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 6
9. Power Sources
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features an auto-switching power supply which will work
safely on any mains supply in the ranges 95v/130v and 190v/260v, 50Hz or
60Hz AC only.
You should never attempt to modify or adjust the internal power supply
in any way. It contains no user serviceable parts.
10. Grounding or Polarisation
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should always be grounded (or 'earthed').
11. Power Cord Protection
Power connectors should be routed so that they will not be walked on or
pinched.
12. Extended Periods of Non-Use
The DC-1 SERIES 2 is not disconnected from the mains power as long as it is
connected to the wall outlet, even if the unit itself has been switched off.
Therefore, if the DC-1 is not used for an extended period, unplug the unit from
the wall. Pull the connector out by the plug, never by the cord itself.
13. Cleaning
Clean only with a dry cloth. NEVER use liquid cleaners such as alcohol or
benzene on the DC-1 SERIES 2. NEVER use abrasive pads on the DC-1.
14. Damage Requiring Service
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be returned to qualified service personnel when:
• objects have fallen into the unit
• liquid has spilled into the unit
• the unit has been exposed to rain
• the unit fails to function or appears to operate abnormally
• the unit has been dropped, or the case damaged.
15. Servicing
The user should not attempt to service the DC-1 SERIES 2 beyond the
instructions contained in the User's Manual. All other servicing should be
referred to qualified service personnel.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 7
SET UP
1. UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
Be careful not to damage the DC-1 SERIES 2 during unpacking. Save the
carton and all packing materials since you may need them to transport the
DC-1 SERIES 2 in the future.
In addition to the packaging, the carton should contain the following:
• mains connection lead
• this manual
2. INSTALLATION SITE
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be used in most areas, but to maintain reliability
and prolong operating life observe the following environmental
considerations:
• Nominal temperature should be maintained between 5˚ and 35˚
Centigrade (41˚ and 95˚ Fahrenheit).
• Relative humidity should be in the range 30% to 60% non-condensing.
• Strong magnetic fields should not exist nearby.
3. RACK MOUNTING
The DC-1 SERIES 2 can be mounted in a standard 19" EIA rack.
4. FREE STANDING USE
The DC-1 SERIES 2 can be used as a freestanding unit. The blanking plates
may then replace the rack-mount ears if desired.
To replace the ears with the blanking plates:
• Unscrew the three bolts that attach each ear to the chassis of the DC-
1.
• Attach the blanking plates using the same retaining bolts. Do not over-
tighten these bolts as doing so may cause damage to the DC-1.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 8
CONNECTIONS
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be connected to most of the professional audio equipment
currently available. Three types of audio input and output are provided (one
analogue and two digital) and these will satisfy most users' interconnection
requirements. Full descriptions of these connectors will be found later in the manual.
1. BEFORE CONNECTION
• To prevent problems and possible equipment damage, turn off the
power to all equipment before making connections.
• Be sure to insert plugs firmly into sockets. Loose connections may
cause hum and noise.
• When unplugging any lead, do so by grasping the plug, not the lead.
2. POWER CONNECTIONS
Ensure that the DC-1 SERIES 2 is switched OFF before inserting the mains
lead.
NOTE: Users with 2-pin mains supplies:
When the DC-1 SERIES 2 is connected to other audio components, the AC
hum of the unit may be increased or decreased by reversing the direction of
the power connector in the socket. Check that the cord is in the favourable
position ('in-phase') with respect to other audio devices in the chain. This will
ensure that you obtain the best sound quality from your DC-1.
For further information on grounding and polarity, consult a person familiar
with studio grounding techniques.
3. SIGNAL LEAD CONNECTIONS
Refer to the Rear Panel diagram:
The DC-1 SERIES 2 offers three audio connection standards: one analogue
and two digital. These are:
• balanced analogue audio I/O
• digital SP-DIF format audio data
• digital AES/EBU format audio data
Note that the DC-1 SERIES 2 always passes its output to all three signal
outputs irrespective of the input used, but that the digital data will only be
formatted for either AES/EBU or SP-DIF, as defined by the user parameters.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 9
(i) Balanced analogue audio I/O (Pin 2 - 'hot')
This standard is used in professional audio equipment. Connect the
output from your source to the balanced analogue inputs of the DC-1
SERIES 2 using standard XLR plugs. You will require two such
connections: one for each channel.
The balanced audio output may be used to connect the DC-1 SERIES
2directly to audio equipment such as mixing desks and professional
recorders featuring balanced XLR inputs and outputs.
(ii) Digital SP-DIF format audio data
The SP-DIF format is used by domestic and semi-professional digital
audio devices such as DAT machines, some ADCs, and some CD
players. Both audio channels are carried along a single cable, so you
may connect the SP-DIF output from your source to the SP-DIF input
of the DC-1 SERIES 2 using a single cable terminated with RCA (or
'phono') plugs.
The SP-DIF output of the DC-1 SERIES 2 may be connected to the
SP-DIF input of your recording device or external DAC.
(iii) Digital AES/EBU format audio data
The digital AES/EBU format is used by professional digital audio
devices including mastering systems, DASH recorders, and high
quality ADCs & DACs. Both channels of audio are carried along a
single cable, so you may connect the AES/EBU output from your
source to the AES/EBU input of the DC-1 SERIES 2 using a single
cable terminated with XLR plugs.
The AES/EBU output of the DC-1 SERIES 2 may be connected to the
AES/EBU input of your digital mixer, recording device or external DAC.
24-bit Digital data resolution:
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features 24-bit input and output resolution
whenever the AES/EBU digital input and output are utilised.
Dithering:
The DC-1 SERIES 2 also features TPDF (Triangular Probability
Density Function) dithering. This is applied to the digital data when the
SP-DIF output format is selected. Dithering is always applied to the
data presented to the DACs.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 10
In order to comply fully with EMC regulations, this unit should be connected
via its AES/EBU and/or analogue connectors. Metal-shelled XLR connectors
should be used. We recommend using a good quality ‘starquad’ cable, with
three cores connected to pins 1, 2 & 3. The shield of the cable should be
connected, at both ends, to the outer shell of the connector.
4. OTHER CONNECTIONS
(i) SMPTE/EBU
An optional SMPTE/EBU interface offering LTC and VITC protocols is
available for the DC-1 SERIES 2. The standard DC-1 SERIES 2 does
not support timecode and these connectors are not present.
(ii) MIDI IN/OUT/THRU
The operation of the DC-1 SERIES 2 may be controlled using the
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). Refer to the chapter on
Remote Control Protocols for further instructions.
(iii) RS232
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be controlled using the standard RS232
serial communications protocol. Refer to the chapter on Remote
Control Protocols for further instructions.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 11
SAMPLE INSTALLATION IDEAS
TURNTABLE OR
TAPE MACHINE DC-1
analogue or
digital in
analogue or
digital out
RECORDER
AMP
analogue or
digital in
line in
line out
1. DC-1 SERIES 2 used in-line for transcription or broadcast purposes.
effects send
SOURCE
line out
MIXER
analogue or
digital in analogue or
digital out
DC-1
line in line out
effects return
analogue or
digital in
RECORDER
AMP
line in
2. DC-1 SERIES 2 used on the effects loop within a studio environment.
SOURCE
line out
DC-1
analogue or
digital in
analogue or
digital out
RECORDER
AMP
analogue or
digital in
line in
CEDAR
analogue or
digital in
analogue or
digital out
or other workstation/editor
3. DC-1 SERIES 2 used in-line prior to an editor or audio workstation.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 12
A GUIDE TO RESTORATION PROCESSING
Contrary to ‘common sense’, the order in which restoration processes are carried out
makes a great deal of difference to the quality of the result. Consequently, there is
one ‘right way’ and many ‘wrong ways’ to restore your material.
Following these guidelines will help you to achieve the best results on most material:
• De-Clicking (De-Scratching) should ALWAYS be carried out first. This is
because:
i Large clicks make it difficult for the De-Crackling process to identify
and remove the tiny clicks and crackles that constitute surface noise,
buzz, and other such problems.
ii All clicks and scratches are, in effect, tightly defined packets of white
noise. If clicks are presented to any of the CEDAR De-Hiss products
(HISS-1, HISS-2, DH-1 De-Hiss) they confuse the processes, and
create unmusical side effects. In addition, De-Hissing at this stage will
make it almost impossible to identify and remove clicks and scratches
later.
• De-Crackling should be the next process because even small crackles can
cause the same problems as in (ii) above.
• Azimuth Correction can be carried out either before or after De-Hissing, but
experience shows that best results are obtained using the AZ-1 or Phase-EX
module before De-Hiss.
• Finally, apply whichever De-Hiss process you wish to use.
Note: If you have the full range of CEDAR restoration modules, they should be
connected as shown in the diagram overleaf. Please note that, to maintain the
maximum fidelity and remove and possible sources of degradation between
processes, connections between modules should be by AES/EBU (24-bit)
format.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Output Attenuation
CEDAR Audio Ltd
A member of the
Association of Professional Recording Services
CEDAR De-Clicker DC 1
Phones
Level
Power
Input Level Contrast
Enter
Bypass Page
Pre/Post
Digital
44.1kHz
48kHz
Bypass
Pre
Post
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
SERIES 2
Firstly, De-Click your material
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Output Attenuation
CEDAR Audio Ltd
A member of the
Association of Professional Recording Services
CEDAR De-Crackler CR 1
Phones
Level
Power
Input Level Contrast
Enter
Bypass Page
Pre/Post
Digital
44.1kHz
48kHz
Bypass
Pre
Post
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
SERIES 2
Next, remove crackle and buzz, and reduce distortion if appropriate
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Output Attenuation
CEDAR Audio Ltd
A member of the
Association of Professional Recording Services
CEDAR
Azimuth Corrector AZ 1
Phones
Level
Power
Input Level Contrast
Enter
Bypass Page
Pre/Post
Digital
44.1kHz
48kHz
Bypass
Pre
Post
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
SERIES 2
Then apply Azimuth Correction to material with phase and balance problems
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Output Attenuation
CEDAR Audio Ltd
A member of the
Association of Professional Recording Services
CEDAR De-Hisser DH 1
Phones
Level
Power
Input Level Contrast
Enter
Bypass Page
Pre/Post
Digital
44.1kHz
48kHz
Bypass
Pre
Post
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
Over
0dB
-40
-20
-10
SERIES 2
Finally, apply noise reduction.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 14
LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF FRONT PANEL
INDICATORS AND CONTROLS
Refer to the Front Panel diagram:
1. Power Switch
2. Input Signal Meters (Left and Right)
Digital signal meters display the peak value of the selected input in dB0s.
The 'Over' indicators will light if the input signal remains at full scale for four or
more consecutive samples.
3. Output Signal Meters (Left and Right)
Calibrated signal meters display the RMS value of all output signals.
The 'Over' indicators will light if the output signal remains at full scale for four
or more consecutive samples.
4. LCD Screen
Provides you with a variety of information and messages, keeping you aware
of what is currently happening in the DC-1 SERIES 2.
All the control screens of the DC-1 SERIES 2 are displayed on the LCD
screen. Please refer to the following chapters for full instructions.
5. Status Indicators
Indicate the status of the analogue and digital inputs, and whether the DC-1
SERIES 2 is in idle or processing modes.
Also indicate the possible causes should the unit fail to function.
6. Dedicated Function Keys.
Certain functions are fundamental to operating the DC-1 SERIES 2, and
these are controlled by the Dedicated function keys: Bypass, Page, Pre/Post,
and Enter.
7. Spinwheel)
The spinwheel enables you to increase and decrease control values. Please
refer to the following chapters for full instructions.
8. Headphone Socket
For use with stereo headphones only. Accepts a standard 1/4" stereo jack
plug. DO NOT use 2-conductor mono headphones with the DC-1 SERIES 2.
9. Headphone Level Control
Use this to adjust for a satisfactory listening level. This level control will not
alter the signal level at any of the rear panel outputs.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 15
10. Input Level Control
This control acts upon the analogue inputs only. Use it to adjust the volume of
incoming analogue signals to the desired level. A level of approximately 0 to -
3dB (as shown on the Input Signal Meters) will offer best results.
The Input Level Control may be bypassed internally to obtain the best
possible signal to noise ratio (S/N) from the ADCs. This work must be carried
out by qualified service personnel, so please refer to your authorised dealer
or directly to CEDAR Audio to have this modification performed.
11. Output Attenuation Control
A digital gain control with range 0 to -10dB in 1dB steps.
12. Function Keys
Use along with the LCD screen. Please refer to the following chapters for full
instructions.
13. Contrast Control
Adjusts the LCD screen for optimum visibility. Use a fine screwdriver to make
such adjustments.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 16
QUICK TOUR
If you are impatient to hear some immediate results using your DC-1 SERIES 2 the
following instructions should have you up and running within a few minutes:
1. READ THE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.
2. Connect the DC-1 SERIES 2 to the mains supply.
3. Connect your input and output devices to the DC-1 SERIES 2 using the
appropriate input and output sockets. (If in doubt, please refer to the section
CONNECTING THE DC-1 SERIES 2 and the manuals of your other
equipment).
4. Hold down the function key F1 and switch on the DC-1 SERIES 2.
5(i) If you are using analogue inputs press PAGE once. Press B to select
'analogue'. Then press PAGE twice more to return to the Control Page.
5(ii) If you are using digital inputs from a consumer format machine such as a
domestic DAT recorder press PAGE once, then press B twice to select 'SP-
DIF'. If you are outputting to a consumer format machine such as a low-cost
DAT recorder press A to select SP-DIF format.
Press PAGE twice to return to the Control Page
Note: The DC-1 SERIES 2 defaults to AES/EBU PROFESSIONAL format, so
skip both instructions 4(i) and 4(ii) if your DC-1 SERIES 2 is connected
to a system such as the Sony PCM1630.
6. Play your material.
7. Press PRE/POST to hear an immediate difference between the processed
and unprocessed signals (assuming, of course, that your original material
suffers from clicks and scratches).
This section should have whetted your appetite, so you should now proceed to the
rest of the manual to ensure that you can obtain the best results from your CEDAR
DC-1 SERIES 2.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 17
WARMSTART AND COLDSTART
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features Warmstart and Coldstart options. Warmstart has been
added so that the unit can be configured once, and these parameters are then
recalled on every power-up. This is ideal for applications where time-consuming set-
ups at the start of each session are not practical.
Coldstart
If the DC-1 SERIES 2 has not been used for some time the system will automatically
Coldstart. This process initialises all parameters to their factory default values, and
after a few seconds will automatically enter at Page 1.
On start-up, the message 'Coldstart' will be displayed at the top right of the start-up
screen on the LCD display. The screen will then enter PAGE 1, which will show the
default Parameters:
The default values are: Threshold = 10
Mode = Medium
Other default values are: Digital Output = AES/EBU
Input Source = AES/EBU
Receiver Error Level = 1 - Lock
MIDI = Channel 1
Bypass = OFF
A to D frequency = 44.1kHz
Pre/Post = Post
Warmstart
The DC-1 SERIES 2 remembers the latest parameters used, and the page that was
active at the time that the system was last switched off.
On start-up the DC-1 SERIES 2 will display the message 'Warmstart' on the screen,
and after a few seconds will re-enter at the appropriate page, with all user
parameters set to their previous values.
User Coldstart
If you wish to force the DC-1 SERIES 2 to Coldstart, hold down Function Key F1
while switching on the system. Release F1 when the message Coldstart is seen on
the LCD display.
Note: In common with all other digital devices, and irrespective of whether you are
Warmstarting or Coldstarting the DC-1, you should always allow a few
seconds between switching the unit off, and switching it on again.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 18
OPERATING THE CEDAR DC-1 SERIES 2
1. DEDICATED CONTROLS:
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features a number of dedicated controls to speed operation.
These are:
Dedicated Function Keys: • Bypass • Page
• Pre/Post • Enter
I/O Level Controls • Input Level
• Output Attenuation
These are now explained in turn:
Bypass
You may wish to bypass completely the operation of the DC-1 SERIES 2. Press
BYPASS to do this. The current status will be indicated on the Status LED.
The Bypass does not 'hard-wire' the input to the output. Analogue signals still pass
through the AtoD and DtoA stages.
Notes: • There is a delay of approximately 1.3mS in any analogue-to-analogue
signal passed through the DC-1 SERIES 2 in Bypass mode.
• There is a delay of approximately 0.1mS in any digital-to-digital signal
passed through the DC-1 SERIES 2 in Bypass mode.
• All delays are 'group delays' (i.e. are constant at all frequencies) and
are measured at a sample rate of 44.1kHz.
Page
Use this Function Key to move between Pages.
Pre/Post
It will often be useful to compare the original signal with the post-processing output
of the DC-1 SERIES 2. The current status will be indicated on the Status LEDs.
Enter
The ENTER Key has three functions: as a LOCK-OUT key, preventing accidental
changing of parameters; as a CLEAR key, resetting error messages, and as a MIDI
DUMP command.
These first two functions are, of course, context sensitive, and the key's action will
be appropriate to the page displayed (see below). The MIDI DUMP will be initiated
every time that the ENTER key is pressed, regardless of context.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 19
Input Level
This control acts upon the analogue inputs only. Use it to adjust the volume of
incoming signals to the desired level. We recommend a peak level of approximately
0 to -3dB as shown on the Input Signal Meters.
Output Attenuation
Avoid clipping using the Output Attenuation Control. This is not a compressor or
limiter, and acts purely as a digital gain control with variable gain from 0dB to -10dB
in 1dB steps.

DC
-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06 Page - 20
OPERATING THE CEDAR DC-1 SERIES 2
2. PAGES:
The DC-1 SERIES 2 has three 'pages' which control all aspects of its operation.
Each page is displayed on the LCD screen, and may be controlled using the
Function Keys and the spinwheel.
Switch the DC-1 SERIES 2 on. (Refer first to the safety instructions.)
The screen will immediately enter the CONTROL PAGE, which will show the
Warmstart parameters stored when the unit was last used.
All the controls for the DC-1 SERIES 2 are contained in the three PAGES, each of
which is selected by pressing the dedicated PAGE function key. The Pages are
cycled, and will appear in the following order:
• Control Page
• I/O Control Page
• Remote Control Page
These, and a further description of the Dedicated Controls, are now covered in turn.
Note: There is a fourth, normally hidden, page called the Status Page. This is not
accessed using the standard 'Page' function, and will be discussed separately
in the section describing Error Levels.