Cedar DC-1 De-Clicker User manual

CEDAR
Professional Hardware Systems
DC·1 De·Clicker
Digital Audio Restoration System
5 /11/ j)C!...- {. ?- -0 i.f --00g ~
SERIES 2
OWNER'S MANUAL
© 1996 CEDAR Audio Ltd

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
The Background to Scratch Removal 2
Safety Instructions 3
Set Up 5
Unpacking and Inspection 5
INSTALLATION SITE 5
RACK MOUNTING 5
FREE STANDING USE 5
Connections 7
BEFORE CONNECTION 7
POWER CONNECTIONS 7
SIGNAL LEAD CONNECTIONS 7
OTHER CONNECTIONS 9
Sample Installation Ideas 10
A Guide to Restoration Processing
11
Front Panel Indicators and Controls 14
Quick Tour 16
Warmstart and Coldstart 17
Operating the CEDAR
DC-1 SERIES 2 18
DEDICATED CONTROLS: 18
PAGES 19
CONTROL PAGE 20
INPUT/OUTPUT CONTROL 22
REMOTE CONTROL 26
STATUS PAGE 27
STATUS INDICATORS 27
STATUS PAGE DEFINITIONS 28
Notes and Hints to Users 29
Remote Control Protocols 30
RS232 30
MIDI 32
SELF TEST MODE 33
Index 35
Declaration of Conformity Certificate 38

INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the CEDAR DC-1 De-Clicker. The original DC-1 was the
world's first real-time dedicated digital de-clicking device, and the
DC-1 SERIES 2
offers even greater processing power and performance. No other commercial system
can match the performance of the CEDAR declicking systems.
The
DC-1 SERIES 2 is designed for professional use, although it will work perfectly
well in a domestic environment, and its features include the following:
• The latest 'SERIES-2' CEDAR hardware.
• Digital Audio interfaces conforming to the AES/EBU and SP-DIF standards.
• 24-bit input and output resolution when using AES/EBU interfaces
• Three sample rates supported on digital inputs: 32kHz,
44.1 kHz and 48kHz
• Two sample rates supported
on analogue inputs: 44.1 kHz and 48kHz
• Balanced analogue inputs and outputs for connection to professional
analogue equipment.
• ADC and DAC converters using the latest 64x over-sampling Delta-Sigma
technology.
• >103dB dynamic range AID and >93dB dynamic range D/A
• Mountable in a 19" EIA rack.
• Remote control via MIDI and RS232 interfaces.
• Input and output LED bar-graph
VU meters.
• Twin 40-bit floating point DSP processors delivering 50MFIops to handle the
most complex audio processing requirements.
• High levels of artificial intelligence designed into the
DC-1 program algorithms
making it extremely simple to use.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev, Q2 Ver,3, Q6
December 4
th
, 1996

THE BACKGROUND TO SCRATCH REMOVAL
The term 'scratch' is often used to describe many different audio phenomena -ticks,
pops, clicks, crackle and thumps -
as well as genuine scratch-like artefacts.
However, when analysed carefully, each of these degradations displays different
sonic characteristics. Therefore, a single process attempting to remove all of these
impulses would be
an unacceptable compromise, incapable of total repair of any
single category.
These degradations can be separated into three categories: thumps (which includes
loud pops), scratches (including ticks and clicks), and crackle. The
DC-1 SERIES 2
has been designed to perform real-time scratch removal.
The operation of the
DC-1 is totally digital, and any signal presented to the analogue
inputs
is internally converted to a suitable digital format by the integrated high quality
analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). Following click removal the processed signal
is
then converted back from digital format to analogue by the digital-to-analogue
converter (DAC).
For use with records, films, video, and tape, no other device offers the power,
facilities, or accuracy of the
DC-1 SERIES 2.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.3.06
December 4th, 1996 2

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION
1. Read all of these instructions
All safety and operating instructions should be read before the DC-1
SERIES 2 is operated.
2. Save these instructions for future reference.
3. Follow all warnings and instructions.
4. Water and Moisture
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should not be used near water, and must not be exposed
to rain or moisture.
If the DC-1 is brought directly from a cold environment into
a warm one, moisture may condense inside the unit. This,
in itself, will not
damage the DC-1 , but may cause hazardous electrical sllorting to occur. This
cou
Id severely damage the DC-1 and even cause danger to life. ALWAYS
allow time for the
DC-1 to naturally reach ambient temperatures before
connecting the mains power.
5. Mounting
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be carefully mounted in a 19" EIA rack, or placed
on a flat, stable surface. If used
on a cart or free stand, care should be taken
when moved: uneven surfaces or excessive force may cause cart and
DC-1 to
overturn. Do not position the DC-1 in a place subject to strong sunlight,
excessive dust, mechanical vibration or periodic shocks.
6. Wall or Ceiling Mounting
The DC-1 SERIES 2 has not been designed for mounting directly to walls or
ceilings.
7. Ventilation
Good air circulation is essential to prevent internal heat built-up within the
DC-1 SERIES 2. The DC-1 should be situated so that its position does not
interfere with proper ventilation. The
DC-1 should not be placed in any
situation which impedes the flow of air through the vents at the 'front and rear.
Do not place the
DC-1 on a soft surface.
8. External Heat Sources
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be installed away from significant heat sources
such as radiators, and (if possible) away from other audio devices such as
amplifiers that produce large amounts of heat. Installation in racks with
devices such as signal processors or tape machines should not be a problem.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.3. 06
December 4
1h
, 1996 3

9. Power Sources
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features an auto-switching power supply which will work
safely
on any mains supply in the ranges 95v/130v and 190v/260v, 50Hz or
60Hz AC only.
You should never attempt to modify or adjust the internal power supply
in any way. It contains no user serviceable parts.
10. Grounding or Polarisation
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should always be grounded (or 'earthed' ).
11. Power Cord Protection
Power connectors should be routed so that they will not be walked on or
pinched.
12. Extended Periods of Non-Use
The DC-1 SERIES 2 is not disconnected from the mains power as long as it is
connected to the wall outlet, even if the unit itself has been switched off.
Therefore, if the DC-1
is not to be used for an extended period of time, unplug
the unit from the wall. Pull the connector out by the plug, never by the cord
itself.
13. Cleaning
Clean only with a dry cloth. NEVER use liquid cleaners such as alcohol or
benzene on the DC-1 SERIES 2. NEVER use abrasive pads on the DC-1.
14. Damage Requiring Service
The DC-1 SERIES 2 should be returned to qualified seNice personnel when:
• objects have fallen into the unit
• liquid has been spilled into the unit
• the unit has been exposed to rain
• the unit fails
to function or appears to operate abnormally
• the unit has been dropped,
or the case damaged.
15. Servicing
The user should not attempt to seNice the DC-1 SERIES 2 beyond the
instructions contained in the User's Manual. All other seNicing should be
referred
to qualified seNice personnel.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver .3.06
December 4
th
, 1996 4

SETUP
1. Unpacking and Inspection
Be careful not to damage the DC-1 SERIES 2 during unpacking. Save the
carton and all packing materials since you may need them to transport the
DC-1 SERIES 2 in the future.
In addition to the packaging, the carton should contain the following:
• power lead
• this manual and warranty registration documents
• the unit
• blanking plates
2. Installation Site
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be used in most areas, but to maintain reliability and
prolong operating life observe the following environmental considerations:
• Nominal temperature should
be maintained between 5° and 35°
Centigrade
(41 ° and 95° Fahrenheit).
• Relative humidity should
be in the range 30% to 60% non-condensing.
• Strong magnetic fields should not exist nearby.
3. Rack Mounting
The DC-1 SERIES 2 can be mounted in a standard 19" EIA rack.
4. Free Standing use
The DC-1 SERIES 2 can be used as a free-standing unit. The rack-mount
ears may then be replaced by the blanking plates if desired.
To replace the ears with the blanking plates:
• Unscrew the three bolts which attach each ear to the chassis of the
DC-1.
• Attach the blanking plates using the same retaining bolts. Do not over-
tighten these bolts as doing
so may cause damage to the DC-1.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4th, 1996 5

Power
Balanced Balanced
Connector
Timecode
Analogue
Analogue
with integral
Input and Output
Inputs
Outputs
fuse holder
I
I
LTC ~
VITC
• • 1 1
R - IN - L R - OUT - L IN -LTC -OUT IN -VITC -OUT
• 0 0 0
6 re 0° 0° I· (g 0°
•
0 00 00 000
°
~ ° 0'
I ° ° AES -IN -SPDIF SPDIF - o~ -AES IN OUT THRU
(g
RS 232 INTERFACE
~ 0 0 0 ©©©
00
0
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.0 t t t
l
Digital VO
SP-DIF f
MIDI RS232
I InJOuUThru Interface
Digital 1/0
AES/EBU
• CAUTION POWER •
DO NOT OPEN
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK ~
"&~Lt' ·a·
Serial No: •
-
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4
th
, 1996 6

CONNECTIONS
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be connected to most of the professional audio equipment
currently available. Three types of audio input and output are provided (one
analogue and two digital) and these will satisfy most users' interconnection
requirements. Full descriptions of these connectors will be found later in the manual.
1. Before Connection
• To prevent problems and possible equipment damage, turn off the
power to all equipment before making connections.
• Be sure to insert plugs firmly into sockets. Loose connections may
cause hum and noise.
• When unplugging any lead, do so by grasping the plug, not the lead.
2. Power Connections
Ensure that the DC-1 SERIES 2 is switched OFF before inserting the mains
lead.
For further information on grounding and polarity consult a person familiar with
studio grounding techniques.
3. Signal Lead Connections
Refer to the Rear Panel diagram:
The
DC-1 SERIES 2 offers three audio connection standards: one analogue
and two digital. These are:
• balanced analogue audio
1/0
• digital SP-DIF format audio data
• digital AES/EBU format audio data
Note that the
OC-1 SERIES 2 always passes its output to all three signal
outputs irrespective of the input used, but that the digital data will only be
formatted for eitherAESIEBU SP-OIF, as defined by the userparameters.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4
th
, 1996 7

(i) Balanced analogue audio I/O (Pin 2 - 'hot')
This standard is used in professional audio equipment. Connect the
output from your source to the balanced analogue inputs
of the DC-1
SERIES 2 using standard XLR plugs. You will require two such
connections: one for each channel.
The balanced audio output may be used to connect the DC-1 SERIES
2 directly to audio equipment such as mixing desks and professional
recorders featuring balanced XLR inputs and outputs.
(ii) Digital SP-DIF format audio data
The SP-DIF format is used by domestic and semi-professional digital
audio devices such as OAT machines, some ADCs , and some CD
players. Both audio channels are carried along a single cable, so you
may connect the SP-DIF output from your source to the SP-DIF input of
the DC-1 SERIES 2 using a single cable terminated with RCA (or
'phono') plugs.
The SP-DIF output of the DC-1 SERIES 2 may be connected to the SP-
DIF input of your recording device or external DAC.
(iii) Digital AES/EBU format audio data
The digital AES/EBU format is used by professional digital audio
devices including mastering systems, DASH recorders, and high quality
ADCs & DACs. Both channels of audio are carried along a single cable,
so you
may connect the AES/EBU output from your source to the
AES/EBU input of the DC-1 SERIES 2 using a single cable terminated
with XLR plugs.
The AES/EBU output of the DC-1 SERIES2 may be connected to the
AES/EBU input of your digital mixer, recording device or external DAC.
24-bit Digital data resolution
The DC-1 SERIES 2 features 24-bit input and output resolution
whenever the AES/EBU digital input and output are utilised.
Dithering
The DC-1 SERIES 2 also features TPDF (Triangular Probability Density
Function) dithering. This is applied
to the digital data when the SP-DIF
output format is selected. Dithering is always applied to the data
presented to the DACs.
In order to fully comply with EMC regulations, this unit should be connected
via its AES/EBUand/oranalogue connectors. Metal-shelled XLR connectors
should be used. We recommend using a good quality 'starquad' cable, with
three cores connected
to pins 1, 2 &3. The shield of the cable shouldbe
connected,
at both ends, to the outershell of the connector.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4
th
, 1996 8

4. Other Connections
(i) SMPTElEBU
An optional SI\IIPTE/EBU interface offering LTC and VITC protocols is
available for the DC-1 SERIES 2. The standard DC-1 SERIES 2 does
not support timecode and these connectors are not present.
(ii) MIDllN/OUTrrHRU
The operation of the DC-1 SERIES 2 may be controlled using the
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). Refer to the chapter
on
Remote Control Protocols for further instructions.
(iii) RS232
The DC-1 SERIES 2 may be controlled using the standard RS232
serial interface. Refer to the chapter on Remote Control Protocols for
further instructions.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.3. 06
December 4th, 1996 9

SAMPLE INSTALLATION IDEAS
line out
analo gue or
digital in
TURNTABLE OR e-+----+.
TAPE MACHINE
DC-1
analogue or
digilalout
analogue or
digital in
RECORDER
AMP
1. DC-1 SERIES 2 used in-line for transcription orbroadcast purposes.
analogue or
analogue or
analogue or
line out digital in
digital out digital in
SOURCE MIXER
elfects retum
RECORDER
line out
line in
DC-1
AMP
2. DC-1 SERIES 2 used on the effects loop within a studio environment.
line out
analogue or
di ita I in
analogue or
di italout
analogue or
di ifal in
analogue or
di italout
analogue or
di ita I in
SOURCE
DC-1
CEDAR
RECORDER
or other workstation/editor
line in
AMP
3. DC-1 SERIES 2 used in-line prior to an editor oraudio workstation.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.3. 06
10
December 4
th
, 1996

A GUIDE TO RESTORATION PROCESSING
Contrary to 'common sense', the order in which restoration processes are carried out
makes a great deal of difference to the quality of the final result. Consequently, there
is one 'right way' and many 'wrong ways' to restore your material.
Following these guidelines will help you to achieve the best results
on most material:
• De-Clicking (De-Scratching) should ALWAYS
be carried out first. This is
because:
(i) Large clicks make it difficult for the De-Crackling process to identify and
remove the tiny clicks and crackles that constitute surface noise, buzz,
and other such problems.
(ii) All clicks and scratches are,
in effect, tightly defined packets of white
noise. If clicks are presented to any of the CEDAR De-Hiss products
(HISS-1, HISS-2, DH-2 De-Hisser) they confuse the processes, and
create unmusical side effects.
In addition, De-Hissing at this stage will
make it almost impossible to identify and remove clicks and scratches
at a later time.
• De-Crackling should
be the next process because even small crackles can
cause the same problems as
in (ii) above.
• Azimuth Correction can
be carried out either before or after De-Hissing, but
experience shows that best results are obtained using the
AZ-1 or Phase-EX
module before De-Hiss.
• Finally, apply whichever De-Hiss process you wish to use.
Note: If you have the full range of CEDAR restoration modules they should be
connectedas shown in the diagram overleaf. Please note that,
to maintain the
maximum fidelity and remove
and possible sources of degradation between
processes, connections between modules should be
by AESIEBU (24-bit)
format.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4th, 1996
11

Firstly, De-Clickyourmaterial
Next, remove crackle and buzz, and reduce distortion
if appropriate
Then applyAzimuth Correction
to material with phase and balance problems
Finally, apply noise reduction.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4
th
, 1996
12

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DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.3.06 13
December
4th, 1996

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FRONT PANEL INDICATORS AND CONTROLS
Refer to the Front Panel diagram on page 13.
1. Power Switch
2. Input Signal Meters (Left and Right)
Digital signal meters display the peak value of the selected input in dBOs.
The 'Over' indicators will light if the input signal remains at full scale for four or
more consecutive samples.
3. Output Signal Meters (Left and Right)
Calibrated signal meters display the digital peak value of all output signals.
The 'Over' indicators will light if the output signal remains at full scale for four
or more consecutive samples.
4. LCD Screen
Provides you with a variety of information and messages, keeping you aware
of what
is currently happening in the DC-1 SERIES 2.
All the control screens of the DC-1 SERIES 2 are displayed on the LCD
screen. Please refer to the following chapters for full instructions.
5. Status Indicators
Indicate the status of the analogue and digital inputs, and whether the DC-1
SERIES 2 is in idle or processing modes.
Also indicate the possible causes should the unit fail to function.
6. Dedicated Keys
Certain functions are fundamental to operating the DC-1 SERIES 2, and these
are controlled by the dedicated keys: BYPASS, PAGE, PRE/POST, and
ENTER.
7. Spinwheel
The spinwheel enables you to increase and decrease control values. Please
refer to the following chapters for full instructions.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3. 06
December 4
th
, 1996 14

8. Headphone Socket
For use with stereo headphones only. Accepts a standard 1/4" stereo jack
plug. DO NOT use 2-conductor mono headphones with the
DC-1 SERIES 2.
9. Headphone Level Control
Use this to adjust for a satisfactory listening level. This level control will not
alter the signal level at any of the rear panel outputs.
10. Input Level Control
This control acts upon the analogue inputs only. Use it to adjust the volume of
incoming analogue signals to the desired level. A level of approximately 0 to -
3dB (as shown on the Input Signal Meters) will offer best results.
The Input Level Control maybe physically bypassed internally to obtain the
bestpossible signal
to noise ratio (SIN) from the ADCs. This work must be
carried out
by qualified service personnel, so please refer to your authorised
dealer
or directly to CEDAR Audio to have this modification performed.
11. Output Attenuation Control
A digital gain control with range 0 to -1 OdB in 1dB steps.
12. Function Keys
Use along with the LCD screen. Please refer to the following chapters for full
instructions.
13. Contrast Control
The LCD screen may be adjusted for optimum visibility. Use a fine screwdriver
to make such adjustments.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev. 02 Ver.306
December 4
th
, 1996 15

QUICK TOUR
If you are impatient to hear some immediate results using your DC-1 SERIES 2the
following instructions should have you up and running within a few minutes:
1. READ THE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.
2. Connect the DC-1 SERIES 2to the mains supply.
3. Connect your input and output devices to the DC-1 SERIES 2 using the
appropriate input and output sockets. (If
in doubt, please refer to the section
CONNECTIONS and the manuals of your other equipment).
4. Hold down the function key F1 and switch on the DC-1 SERIES 2.
5. Press PAGE once to access the I/O Control Page
(i) If you are using analogue inputs press B to select 'analogue'.
(ii)
If you are using digital inputs from a consumer format machine such as
a domestic DAT recorder press B twice to select 'SP-DIF'. If you are
outputting to a consumer format machine such
as a low-cost DAT
recorder press A to select SP-DIF format.
(iii)
If you are using professional digital inputs then verify that the input is
set to AES/EBU.
6. Press PAGE twice to return to the Control Page
7. Play your material.
8. Press PRE/POST to hear an immediate difference between the processed
and unprocessed signals (assuming,
of course, that your original material
suffers from clicks and scratches).
This section should have whetted your appetite,
so you should now proceed to the
rest of the manual to ensure that
you can obtain the best results from your CEDAR
DC-1 SERIES 2.
DC-1 SERIES 2: Rev.02 Ver.3.06
December 4th, 1996 16