Cisco Catalyst 2000 User manual

www.allitebooks.com

Cisco LAN Switching
Configuration Handbook
Steve McQuerry, CCIE No. 6108
David Jansen, CCIE No. 5952
Dave Hucaby, CCIE No. 4594
Cisco Press
800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46240
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Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook
Steve McQuerry, David Jansen, David Hucaby
Copyright © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a
review.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing June 2009
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file.
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-610-9
ISBN-10: 1-58705-610-0
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about the configuration of Cisco Catalyst switches. Every
effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fit-
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The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
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About the Authors
Steve McQuerry, CCIE No. 6108, is a technical solutions architect with Cisco Systems
focused on data center solutions. Steve works with enterprise customers in the
Midwestern Untied States to help them plan their data center architectures. Steve has
been an active member of the internetworking community since 1991 and has held multi-
ple certifications from Novell, Microsoft, and Cisco. Steve holds a BS degree in physics
from Eastern Kentucky University. Prior to joining Cisco, Steve worked as a consultant
for various companies and as an independent contractor with Global Knowledge, where
he taught and developed coursework around Cisco technologies and certifications.
David Jansen, CCIE No. 5952, is a vertical solutions architect for manufacturing for U.S
Enterprise Segment. David has more than 20 years experience in the information technol-
ogy industry. He has held multiple certifications from Microsoft, Novell, Checkpoint,
and Cisco. His focus is to work with Enterprise customers to address end to end manu-
facturing architectures. David has been with Cisco for 11 years, and working as a manu-
facturing architect for the past year has provided unique experiences helping customers
build architectural solutions for manufacturing connectivity. David holds a BSE degree in
computer science from the University of Michigan (Go Blue!) and an MA degree in adult
education from Central Michigan University.
David Hucaby, CCIE No. 4594, is a lead network engineer for the University of
Kentucky, where he works with healthcare networks based on the Cisco Catalyst, IP
Telephony, PIX, and VPN product lines. Prior to his current position, David was a senior
network consultant, where he provided design and implementation consulting, focusing
on Cisco-based VPN and IP Telephony solutions. David has BS and MS degrees in elec-
trical engineering from the University of Kentucky.
About the Technical Reviewers
Ron Fuller, CCIE No. 5851 (Routing and Switching/Storage Networking) is a technology
solution architect for Cisco specializing in data center architectures. He has 18 years of
experience in the industry and has held certifications from Novell, HP, Microsoft, ISC2,
SNIA, and Cisco. His focus is working with Enterprise customers to address their chal-
lenges with comprehensive end-to-end data center architectures. He lives in Ohio with his
wife and three wonderful children and enjoys travel and auto racing.
Don Johnston has more than 20 years of technical, management, consulting, and training
experience in networking. He is a CCSI and has developed well-received courses and labs.
As a consultant, Don successfully designed LANs and WANs, installed, provided trou-
bleshooting expertise, and managed technical staff for insurance brokerage, reinsurance,
and marketing companies. An instrument-rated pilot, Don and his family live in the
Chicago area.
iv Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook
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Dedications
Steve McQuerry: This work is dedicated to my wife and children. Becky, thank you for
your love and support as we continue our life together; I look forward to each new chap-
ter we write together. Katie, you are an amazing young lady. I’m excited for all that life
has in store for you; keep your work ethic, and you will be successful. Logan, you have
never believed that there was anything you couldn’t accomplish. That drive and spirit will
allow you opportunities beyond your imagination. Cameron, you have a thirst for learn-
ing that will serve you well. Keep finding ways to channel your quest for knowledge, and
you will have a challenging and rewarding future.
David Jansen: This book is dedicated to my loving wife Jenise and my three children;
Kaitlyn, Joshua, and Jacob. You are the inspiration that gave me the dedication and deter-
mination to complete this project. Thank you for all your love and support.
Dave Hucaby: This book is dedicated to my wife Marci and my two little daughters,
Lauren and Kara. For girls who have never seen a Catalyst switch, they sure encouraged
me to keep at the writing I enjoy. I’m so grateful to God, who gives endurance and
encouragement (Romans 15:5) and who has allowed me to work on projects such as this.
v
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Acknowledgments
Steve McQuerry: The publishing industry is filled with a great group of people who are
as much responsible for the finished product as those who have their names on the front
of the book. I would like to take this time to thank the individuals responsible for helping
me with my part of this book.
First, I would like to thank my friend and coauthor Dave Hucaby. I can’t think of anyone
I’ve worked with in my entire career as dedicated and focused as you are. More impor-
tant than your focus and dedication to your work, however, is your focus on the impor-
tance of God, family, and friendship. I am blessed by having you for a friend. I hope we
can continue to find ways to keep working together in the future.
David Jansen, thank you for jumping into the mix on the revision of this work. You are a
great friend and coworker. Cisco is one of the most amazing places I’ve ever worked, and
it’s people like you, who are wicked smart and a lot of fun to work with, that make it
such a great place. I look forward to working on other projects in the future.
As always, I want to thank Brett Bartow. I don’t think we could finish a book without
Brett’s consistency and his follow-through. Thanks for the opportunity, and thanks for
keeping us motivated. It is truly a pleasure to work with you.
Chris Cleveland, it is always a pleasure to work with you. Thanks for putting up with me
on yet another project. Your expertise as a development editor is unsurpassed; I appreci-
ate your hard work and professionalism. Thank you for making us look good!
To our technical editors—Don Johnston and Ron Fuller—thanks for the sharp eyes and
excellent comments. It was great having you as part of the team.
A special thanks to the fine professionals at Cisco Press. You guys are the best in the
industry!
Thanks to my manager at Cisco, Scott Sprinkle. I appreciate your guidance and your trust
in my ability to juggle the many work tasks along with extra projects like working on a
book.
I want to thank my wife and children for the support they offer for all my projects and
for the patience and understanding they have when I work late and act a little grouchy the
next day.
Most important, I want to thank God, for giving me the skills, talents, and opportunity to
work in such a challenging and exciting profession.
David Jansen: This is my first book, and it has been a tremendous honor to work with the
great people at Cisco Press. There are so many people to thank; I’m not sure where to
begin. I’ll start with Brett Bartow: Thank you for getting me started in the writing indus-
try; this is something I’ve always wanted to do. I appreciate your patience and tolerance
on this project. I really appreciate you keeping me on track to complete the project in a
timely manner.
vi Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook
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Thanks to Chris Cleveland and Steve McQuerry for helping me learn the formatting and
style along with the writing process in general. I never knew how much was involved in
writing a book. I’d also like to extend a special thanks to Steve for giving me all the hard
chapters. I now know why you asked for me to help on the project.
I would like to extend a special thanks to David Hucaby. Steve tells me that you were the
true creator of the Field Manual series of books, and I appreciate the opportunity to con-
tinue to work on this project in your absence.
Thanks to our technical reviewers Don Johnston and Ron Fuller. Thank you both for all
the great comments and insight. Don, it was a pleasure to work with you, and Ron, even
though we have our differences of opinions about college football, thanks for being a
great friend and coworker.
To all the people at Cisco Press behind the scenes, thank you for all your help and sup-
port on this project.
I want to thank my family for their support and understanding while I was working on
this project late at night and being patient with me when my lack of rest may have made
me a little less than pleasant to be around.
I would like to thank God for giving me the ability to complete such a task with dedica-
tion and determination and for providing me the skills, knowledge, and health needed to
be successful in such a demanding profession.
Dave Hucaby: Once again, it is my good pleasure to be involved in writing a Cisco Press
book. Technical writing for me is great fun, although it’s hard to write a book strictly on
lunch hours and after the rest of the family goes to bed. I gratefully acknowledge the
good people at Cisco Press for allowing me to work on this project and for their encour-
agement, patience, and diligence to produce fine work.
In particular, I would like to thank Brett Bartow for making this project a goal we could
meet. Writing a book such as this is a long and difficult process. Brett always gives us a
feel for the big picture, while keeping us on track with the details. I am also very grateful
to work with Chris Cleveland again. Chris is probably the hardest working person I know
and is a wonderful editor. Somehow, he can take in rough-hewn chapters and turn out
smooth text.
I would like to acknowledge the hard work and good perspective of our technical review-
ers: Ron Fuller and Don Johnston. The reviewers have done a superb job of catching us in
inaccuracies and helping us to better organize the technical information. I’m glad I was on
the writing end and not the reviewing end!
I would like to express my thanks to my coauthors Steve McQuerry and David Jansen. It’s
been a pleasure sharing the writing load with them.
vii
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction xviii
Chapter 1 CLI Usage 1
Chapter 2 Switch Functionality 13
Chapter 3 Supervisor Engine Configuration 25
Chapter 4 Layer 2 Interface Configuration 53
Chapter 5 Layer 3 Interface Configuration 71
Chapter 6 VLANs and Trunking 87
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 111
Chapter 8 Configuring High Availability Features 131
Chapter 9 Multicast 141
Chapter 10 Server Load Balancing (SLB) 147
Chapter 11 Controlling Traffic and Switch Access 167
Chapter 12 Switch Management 193
Chapter 13 Quality of Service 221
Chapter 14 Voice 249
Appendix A Cabling Quick Reference 263
Appendix B Well-known Protocol, Port, and Other Numbers 271
Index 317
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Contents
Introduction xviii
Chapter 1 CLI Usage 1
1-1: Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Software 1
Using Cisco IOS Software 2
1-2: ROM Monitor 9
Using the ROM Monitor Command Set 9
Chapter 2 Switch Functionality 13
2-1: Catalyst Switch Families 13
Catalyst 2000 Series 13
Catalyst 3000 Series 14
Catalyst 4500 Series 15
Catalyst 6500 16
2-2: Switched Campus Network Designs 17
Catalyst Switch Families 23
Cisco Validated Designs: Campus 23
Chapter 3 Supervisor Engine Configuration 25
3-1: Prompts and Banners 25
Configuration of Prompt 26
Configuration of Banner 26
Feature Example 26
3-2: IP Addressing and Services 27
Configuring an IP Management Address 27
Configuring a Default Gateway 28
Setting Up DNS Services or Host Tables 28
Configuring HTTP Services 29
Feature Example 29
3-3: Passwords and Password Recovery 30
Configuration of Passwords 30
Feature Example 30
Password Recovery: Procedure 1 31
Feature Example 32
Password Recovery on IOS Devices: Procedure 2 33
Feature Example 33
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3-4: Managing Modules 34
Viewing Modules 34
Accessing Modules 34
Resetting Modules 34
Powering Modules Up and Down 35
3-5: File Management and Boot Parameters 35
Navigating File Systems 36
Deleting Files from Flash 38
Copying System Files 39
File System Boot Parameters 40
Alias Commands 41
3-6: Redundant Supervisors 42
Forcing a Change to the Standby Supervisor 43
Synchronizing IOS Images 44
Synchronizing Boot Parameters 45
3-7: Cisco Discovery Protocol 46
Configuration of CDP 46
Feature Example 47
3-8: Time and Calendar 47
System Time Configuration 48
Setting the System Time Manually 48
Setting the System Time Through NTP 49
Example 50
Chapter 4 Layer 2 Interface Configuration 53
4-1: Switching Table 53
Configuration 53
Displaying Information About the Switching Table 54
Switching Table Example 54
4-2: Port Selection 56
Configuration 56
Port Selection Example 57
4-3: Ethernet 57
Configuration 57
Ethernet Example 60
Displaying Information About Layer 2 Interfaces 61
x Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook

4-4: EtherChannel 62
Configuration 63
EtherChannel Example 67
Displaying Information About EtherChannels 68
Chapter 5 Layer 3 Interface Configuration 71
5-1: Layer 3 Switching 71
5-2: Layer 3 Ethernet Interfaces 72
Configuration 72
Verifying the Configuration 73
Feature Example 73
5-3: Layer 3 EtherChannels 74
Configuration 74
Verifying the Channel 76
Feature Example 77
5-4: WAN Interfaces 78
Configuration 78
Configuring an Enhanced FlexWAN Interface 78
Configuring a SPA Interface Processor (SIP) / Shared Port Adapter (SPA)
WAN Interface 79
Configuring a Packet-over-SONET Interface 80
Verifying Configurations 81
Feature Example 81
5-5: Layer 3 Virtual Interfaces 82
Configuring a VLAN Interface 82
Configuring Subinterfaces 83
Verifying Configurations 84
Feature Example 84
5-6: Routing Tables 85
Configuration 85
Verifying Routes 86
Chapter 6 VLANs and Trunking 87
6-1: VLAN Configuration 87
Creation of an Ethernet VLAN 88
Feature Example 90
xi

6-2: VLAN Port Assignments 91
Configuring Static VLANs 91
Configuring Dynamic VLANs 91
Verifying VLAN Assignments 93
6-3: Trunking 93
Enabling Trunking 93
Specifying VLANs to Trunk 96
Verifying Trunks 97
Feature Example 97
6-4: VLAN Trunking Protocol 98
Enabling VTP for Operation 98
Setting VTP Passwords 99
Changing VTP Modes 100
Enabling VTP Pruning 101
Changing VTP Versions 102
Verifying VTP Operation 102
Feature Example 103
6-5: Private VLANs 104
Configuring Private VLANs 105
Configuring Private Edge VLANs 106
Verifying Private VLAN Operation 107
Feature Example 107
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 111
7-1: STP Operation 111
STP Process 112
STP Tiebreakers 113
Path Costs 113
STP Port States 114
STP Topology Changes 114
Improving STP Stability 115
STP Operation Example 115
7-2: STP Configuration 116
Displaying Information About STP 120
STP Configuration Examples 120
Poor STP Root Placement 120
STP Load Balancing 122
xii Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook

7-3: STP Convergence Tuning 124
Configuring STP Convergence Tuning 125
7-4: Navigating the Spanning-Tree Topology 126
Chapter 8 Configuring High Availability Features 131
8-1: Route Processor Redundancy (RPR/RPR+) 131
Configuration 132
Displaying Information About RPR 132
8-2: Non-Stop Forwarding/Supervisor Switchover (NSF/SSO) with Supervisor
Redundancy 132
SSO/NSF Configuration 133
Displaying Information About SSO and NSF 135
8-3: Router Redundancy with HSRP 135
Configuration 136
HSRP Example 137
Displaying Information About HSRP 138
8-4: Fast Software Upgrade (FSU) and Enhanced Fast Software Upgrade
(eFSU) 138
Chapter 9 Multicast 141
9-1: Multicast Addressing 141
9-2: IGMP Snooping 142
Configuration 143
IGMP Snooping Example 144
Displaying Information About IGMP Snooping 145
Chapter 10 Server Load Balancing (SLB) 147
10-1: SLB 147
Configuration 149
SLB Example 155
Displaying Information About SLB 157
10-2: SLB Firewall Load Balancing 158
Configuration 159
Firewall Load-Balancing Example 161
Displaying Information About Firewall Load Balancing 164
10-3: SLB Probes 164
Configuration 165
Displaying Information About SLB Probes 166
xiii

Chapter 11 Controlling Traffic and Switch Access 167
11-1: Broadcast Suppression 168
Configuring Broadcast Suppression 168
Verifying Configuration 170
Feature Example 170
11-2: Protocol Filtering 170
Configuration 171
Verification 171
Feature Example 172
11-3: Port Security 173
Configuration 173
Verification 175
Feature Example 175
11-4: VLAN Access Control Lists 175
IOS VACL Configuration 176
Verification 178
Feature Example 178
11-5: Switch Authentication 180
Configuration 180
Verification 182
Feature Example 182
11-6: Access Class 183
Configuration 183
Verification 184
Feature Example 184
11-7: SSH Telnet Configuration 184
Configuration 184
Verification 185
Feature Example 185
11-8: 802.1X Port Authentication 185
Configuration 186
Feature Example 186
11.9: Layer 2 Security 186
Port Security 188
Feature Example 188
Verification 188
xiv Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook

DHCP Snooping 189
Feature Example 189
Verification 190
Dynamic ARP Inspection 191
Feature Example 191
Verification 192
Chapter 12 Switch Management 193
12-1: Logging 193
Configuration 194
Logging Example 198
Displaying Information About Logging 198
12-2: Simple Network Management Protocol 198
Configuration 199
SNMP Example 205
Displaying Information About SNMP 206
12-3: Switched Port Analyzer 206
SPAN Configuration 206
RSPAN Configuration 208
SPAN Examples 210
Displaying Information About SPAN 211
12-4: Power Management 213
Configuration 213
Displaying Information About Power Management 214
12-5: Environmental Monitoring 214
12-6: Packet Tracing 214
Configuration 215
Packet-Tracing Example 218
Chapter 13 Quality of Service 221
13-1: QoS Theory 221
Layer 2 QoS Classification and Marking 222
Layer 3 QoS Classification and Marking 223
Catalyst Switch Queuing 226
13-2: QoS Configuration 226
Catalyst 2000/3000 Configuration 228
All Other Catalyst Configuration 228
Displaying Information About QoS 245
xv

13-3: QoS Data Export 246
Configuration 246
QoS Data Export Example 248
Displaying Information About QoS Data Export 248
Chapter 14 Voice 249
14-1: Voice Ports 249
Configuration 250
Example 253
Displaying Information About Voice Ports 253
14-2: Voice QoS 254
Access Layer Configuration 256
Distribution and Core Layer Configuration 259
Voice QoS Example 261
Appendix A Cabling Quick Reference 263
Back-to-Back Connections 267
Ethernet Connections 267
Asynchronous Serial Connections 268
T1/E1 CSU/DSU Connections 269
Appendix B Well-known Protocol, Port, and Other Numbers 271
Index 317
xvi Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook

Icons Used in This Book
xvii
Command Syntax Conventions
The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions
used in the IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conven-
tions as follows:
■Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In
actual configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface
indicates commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).
■Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.
■Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
■Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.
■Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.
■Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an optional element.
PC PC with
Software
Sun
Workstation
Macintosh
Terminal File
Server
Web
Server
Ciscoworks
Workstation
Printer Laptop IBM
Mainframe
Front End
Processor
Cluster
Controller
Modem
DSU/CSU
Router Bridge Hub DSU/CSU Catalyst
Switch
Multilayer
Switch
AT M
Switch
ISDN/Frame Relay
Switch
Communication
Server
Gateway
Access
Server
Network Cloud
To k e n
Ring
Token Ring
Line: Ethernet
FDDI
FDDI
Line: Serial Line: Switched Serial

Introduction
Of the many sources of information and documentation about Cisco Catalyst switches,
few provide a quick and portable solution for networking professionals.
Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook is designed to provide a quick and easy
reference guide for all the features that can be configured on Cisco Catalyst switches. In
essence, the subject matter from an entire bookshelf of Catalyst software documenta-
tion, along with other networking reference material, has been “squashed” into one handy
volume that you can take with you.
The idea for this book began as a follow-on to the router configuration book. In larger
switched network environments, it is common to see many different Catalyst platforms in
use—each might have a different feature set. We have found it difficult to remember the
configuration steps and commands when moving from one Catalyst platform to another.
Perhaps you have. too.
As with router configuration, the commands for switch configuration went into a note-
book of handwritten notes. This notebook began to travel with us into the field as a net-
work consultant and engineer. When you’re on the job and someone requires you to con-
figure a feature that you’re not too familiar with, it’s nice to have your handy reference
notebook in your bag! Hopefully, this book will be that handy reference for you as well.
xviii Cisco LAN Switching Configuration Handbook
Note This book is based on the most current Cisco Catalyst software releases at press
time—IOS switches according to the 12.2 major release. If you use an earlier version of
either software, you might find that the configuration commands differ slightly.
Features
This book is meant to be used as a tool in your day-to-day tasks as a network administra-
tor, engineer, consultant, or student. As such, we have avoided presenting a large amount
of instructional information or theory on the operation of features or commands. That is
better handled in other textbooks that are dedicated to a more limited subject matter.
Instead, the book is divided into chapters that present quick facts, configuration steps,
and explanations of configuration options for each Cisco Catalyst switch feature. The
chapters are as follows:
■Chapter 1, “CLI Usage”: Describes the IOS environment and command-line
interface
■Chapter 2, “Switch Functionality”: Describes LAN switches and how to implement
a switch campus network design
■Chapter 3, “Supervisor Engine Configuration”: Explains how to configure switch
prompts, IP addresses, passwords, switch modules, file management, and administra-
tive protocols

■Chapter 4, “Layer 2 Interface Configuration”: Describes configuration of Ethernet,
Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and EtherChannel interfaces
■Chapter 5, “Layer 3 Interface Configuration”: Explains how Layer 3 interfaces are
used in a switch
■Chapter 6, “VLANs and Trunking”: Presents VLAN configuration, private VLANs,
trunking, and VTP
■Chapter 7, “Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)”: Discusses STP operation, configuration,
and tuning
■Chapter 8, “Configuring High Availability Features”: Explains how to configure
and use Catalyst switch hardware for redundancy using multiple supervisors and hot
standby routing protocol (HSRP)
■Chapter 9, “Multicast”: Explains how a switch handles multicast traffic and interacts
with multicast routers
■Chapter 10, “Server Load Balancing (SLB)”: Presents Catalyst 6500 features that
streamline access to server and firewall farms
■Chapter 11, “Controlling Traffic and Switch Access”: Discusses broadcast suppres-
sion, user authentication, port security, and VLAN access lists
■Chapter 12, “Switch Management”: Explains how to configure a switch for logging,
SNMP and RMON management, port analysis (SPAN), power management, and con-
nectivity testing
■Chapter 13, “Quality of Service”: Presents configuration of QoS theory and fea-
tures in a switched network
■Chapter 14, “Voice”: Discusses specialized voice gateway modules, inline power,
and QoS features needed to transport voice traffic
■Appendix A, “Cabling Quick Reference,” and Appendix B, :Well-Known Protocol,
Port, and Other Numbers”: Present a cabling quick reference and a table of well-
known ports and addresses
How to Use This Book
All the information in this book has been designed to follow a quick-reference format. If
you know what feature or technology you want to use, you can turn right to the section
that deals with it. Sections are numbered with a quick-reference index, showing both
chapter and section number (5-2, for example, is Chapter 5, section 2). You’ll also find
shaded index tabs on each page, listing the section number.
Facts About a Feature
Each section in a chapter begins with a bulleted list of quick facts about the feature, tech-
nology, or protocol. Refer to these lists to quickly learn or review how the feature works.
xix