Cisco LightStream 1010 User manual

1
Doc. No.
Copyright 1996
Cisco Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved.
LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash
Memory Card Installation Guide
78-3614-01
Product Numbers: MEM-ASP-FLC8M=, MEM-ASP-FLC16M=, MEM-ASP-FLC20M=
This publication describes installation and configuration procedures for the Flash memory card,
which ships as a spare part and is used with the LightStream 1010 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM) switch. This card is an 8-, 16-, or 20-megabyte (MB) Intel Series 2+ Flash memory card,
which conforms with the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)
format. For a complete description of commands used to configure and maintain the LightStream
1010 PCMCIA Flash memory card, refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software
Configuration Guide and LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command Reference publications. For
complete hardware configuration and maintenance procedures, refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM
Switch User Guidepublication. These documents are available on Enterprise CDROM or in printed
form.
Note When the Flash memory card is shipped installed in a LightStream 1010 ATM switch, the
Flash memory card contains an image. When the card is shipped as a spare, it is shipped unformatted.
The Flash memory card is used to store and boot Cisco Internetwork Operating System (Cisco IOS)
software image, and can be used as a server to store software and microcode images for other
systems. The spare Flash memory card is shipped blank; you must format it before using it.
Procedures for formatting the card are included in this publication.
The Flash memory card is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Observe appropriate
ESD-preventive procedures when handling the card.
In this publication, the first sections follow a chronological order typical of many Flash memory card
installations: insert the card, format the card, copy an image to the card, and make that image
bootable. The rest of the sections contain information about typical operations:
Sections in this document include the following:
•Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage
•Locating the Switch ASP
•Installing and Removing the Flash Memory Card in an ASP

2LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide
Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage
•Formatting a Flash Memory Card
•Copying an Image into a Flash Memory Card
•Making the Flash Memory Card Image Bootable
•Copying Bootable Images between Flash Memory Cards
•Enabling Booting from Flash Memory
•Flash Memory File System Commands
•Recovering from Locked Blocks
•If You Need More Information
Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, which can occur when electronic cards or components are
improperly handled, results in complete or intermittent failures. A module comprises a printed
circuit board that is fixed in a metal carrier. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding,
connectors, and a handle are integral components of the carrier. Although the metal carrier helps to
protect the board from ESD, use a preventive antistatic strap whenever handling a processor module.
Following are guidelines for preventing ESD damage:
•Always use an ESD wrist or ankle strap and ensure that it makes good skin contact.
•Connect the equipment end of the strap to an unfinished chassis surface.
•Place a removed Flash memory card on an antistatic surface or in a static shielding bag. If the
card will be returned to the factory, immediately place it in a static shielding bag.
•Avoid contact between the card and clothing. The wrist strap only protects the card from ESD
voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.
Caution For safety, periodically check the resistance value of the antistatic strap. The
measurement should be between 1 and 10 megohms.
Locating the Switch ASP
In the LightStream 1010 ATM switch, access to the ATM Switch Processor (ASP), which contains
the PCMCIA slots for the Flash memory card, is from the front. The middle slot, slot number 2, is
reserved for the ASP. (See Figure 1.)

LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide 3
Installing and Removing the Flash Memory Card in an ASP
Figure 1 LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Front View
Installing and Removing the Flash Memory Card in an ASP
The ASP has two PCMCIA slots—slot 0 and slot 1—into which you can install a Flash memory
card. Slot 0 is on the bottom and slot 1 on the top (see Figure 2–a). Both slots can be used at the same
time. The following procedure is a generic one and can be used for a Flash memory card in either
slot position.
Note The Flash memory card can be inserted and removed with the power on.
Following is the procedure for installing and removing a Flash memory card:
Step 1 Face the front panel of the ASP, which should appear as shown in Figure 1 and hold the
Flashmemorycardwith the connector end of the card toward the slot. The label should face
up as shown in Figure 2–a.
Note The Flash memory card is keyed and cannot be seated the wrong way. The eject button will
not pop out if the card is not properly inserted.
H5596
Power supply 0 Power supply 1
ATM switch processor
PS1
PS2
FAN
LINK
SLOT 2
SLOT 1
PCMCIA
EJECT AUX
CONSOLE
Enet
RX
TX
RESET
SWITCH/PROCESSOR

4LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide
Installing and Removing the Flash Memory Card in an ASP
Figure 2 Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card
Step 2 Insert the card into the appropriate slot until the card completely seats in the connector at
the back of the slot and the eject button pops out toward you (see Figure 2–b). Note that the
card does not insert all the way inside the ASP; a portion of the card remains outside of the
slot. Do not attempt to force the card past this point.
Step 3 To eject the card, press the appropriate ejector button until the card is free of the connector
at the back of the slot. See Figure 2–c.
Step 4 Remove the card from the slot and place it in an antistatic bag to protect it.
H7341
PS1
PS2
FAN
LINK
SLOT 1
SLOT 0
PCMCIA
EJECT
Enet
RX
TX
RESET
SWITCH/PROCESSOR
a
b
c
PS1
PS2
FAN
LINK
SLOT 1
SLOT 0
PCMCIA
EJECT
Enet
RX
TX
RESET
SWITCH/PROCESSOR
PS1
PS2
FAN
LINK
SLOT 1
SLOT 0
PCMCIA
EJECT
Enet
RX
TX
RESET
SWITCH/PROCESSOR

LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide 5
Formatting a Flash Memory Card
Formatting a Flash Memory Card
Before you can use a new Flash memory card, you must format it.
Note The following procedure assumes you have already booted your switch.
Caution The formatting procedure erases all information on the Flash memory card. To prevent the
loss of important data that might be stored on a Flash memory card, proceed carefully. If you want
to save the data on a Flash memory card, copy the data to a server before you reformat the card.
A Flash memory card that is shipped as part of a LightStream 1010 ATM Switch contains an image.
Aspare Flash memory card must be formatted before use.
Use the following procedure to format a new Flash memory card:
Step 1 Using the procedures in an earlier section, “Installing and Removing the Flash Memory
Card in an ASP,” insert the Flash memory card into slot 0. (If slot 0 is not available, use
slot 1.)
Step 2 To format the Flash memory card, use the format slot0: (or format slot1:) command as
follows. (Use only Intel Series 2+ Flash memory cards.)
Switch# format slot0:
All sectors will be erased, proceed? [confirm]
Enter volume id (up to 30 characters): MyNewCard
Formatting sector 1
Format device slot0 completed
Switch#
Note For this example, an 8-MB Flash memory card was used, and at the line “Formatting sector,”
the system counted the card’s sectors backwards from 64 to 1 as it formatted them. For 16-MB Flash
memory cards, the system counts backwards from 128 to 1, and for 20-MB Flash memory cards, the
system counts backwards from 160 to 1.
The new Flash memory card is now formatted and ready to use.
Note For complete command descriptions and configuration information, refer to the appropriate
configuration publications listed in the section “If You Need More Information” on page 10.

6LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide
Copying an Image into a Flash Memory Card
Copying an Image into a Flash Memory Card
With the Flash memory card formatted, you can now copy an image into it. The following procedure
assumes the following:
•You have an ASP with a good image in the onboard Flash so you can start the switch.
•The bootable image you want to copy to the Flash memory card exists on a TFTP server to which
you have access (meaning you know its name and have connectivity to it), and at least one
interface is available over which you can access this server.
•You know the filename of the image you want to copy into the Flash memory card.
Following is the procedure for copying a file (called ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018) into the Flash
memory card:
Step 1 Boot the switch and allow it to initialize.
Step 2 If the Flash memory card is unformatted or has been formatted on another switch, format
it using the procedure in the section “Formatting a Flash Memory Card” on page 5.
Step 3 To copy the image ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018 to the Flash memory card, use the following
command series:
Switch> enable
Password:
Switch#dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
2 1814648 Jul 15 1996 10:29:34 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005
4248452 bytes available (3746940 bytes used)
Switch#copy tftp ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
Enter source file name: ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
4248324 bytes available on device slot0, proceed? [confirm]y
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? dirt
Translating "dirt"...domain server (171.69.2.132) [OK]
Accessing file "ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018" on dirt.cisco.com ...FOUND
Loading ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018 from 171.69.1.129 (via Ethernet2/0/0): !!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 1819888/3639296 bytes]
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Switch#dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
2 1814648 Jul 15 1996 10:29:34 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005
3 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
2428436 bytes available (5566956 bytes used)
Switch#
Note In the preceding example, the exclamation points (!!!) appear as the file is downloaded, and
the “C” characters signify calculation of the checksum, which is a verification that the file has been
correctly downloaded to the Flash memory card.

LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide 7
Making the Flash Memory Card Image Bootable
Making the Flash Memory Card Image Bootable
Use the following series of commands to make the image (the file named new.image) bootable. Note
that, since the configuration register must be set to 0x2102, the config-register command is part of
the sequence.
Switch# config terminal
Switch(config)# no boot system
Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0:new.image
Switch(config)# config-register 0x2102
Crtl-z
Switch# copy running-config startup-config
Switch# reload
When the system reloads it will boot the image new.image from the Flash memory card in slot 0.
Note For more details about the boot system flash command, refer to “Enabling Booting from
Flash Memory” or “Enabling Booting from Flash Memory on an RP.”
Copying Bootable Images between Flash Memory Cards
As future releases of Cisco IOS images become available, you will receive these images either as a
file booted from a network server, a file on floppy disk, or a file on a Flash memory card.
The following scenario describes how to use a newly released image on a Flash memory card in a
system that has an older image on a Flash memory card in slot 0 and a default boot image in the
onboard Flash SIMM.
For this scenario, the filenames are as follows:
•The new image on the new Flash memory card in slot 1 is image.new.
•The old image in the Flash memory card in slot 0 is image.old.
•The bootable image in onboard Flash memory is image.boot.
You will copy the new image from the new Flash memory card onto the Flash memory card that
contains the old image.
Note The scenario assumes that the new image will fit on the Flash memory card in slot 0,
alongside the old image. If there is not enough available space, use the delete command to delete
files from the Flash memory card to make sufficient room for the new image; however,do not delete
the image.old file. Then use the squeeze command to remove these deleted files from the Flash
memory card. If, after you have deleted files and used the squeeze command, the two files cannot
coexist on the Flash memory card in slot 0, remove this card (place it in an anti-static bag and store
it in a safe place), then insert the new Flash memory card (with the file image.new) in slot 0. Proceed
to Step 5 and use the command boot system slot0:image.new to designate the file image.new as the
default boot image.

8LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide
Enabling Booting from Flash Memory
Step 1 Boot the switch. By default, the file image.boot will be used.
Step 2 Enable the switch as follows:
Switch> enable
Password:
Switch#
Step 3 Insert the new Flash memory card in slot 1.
Step 4 Use the following command to copy the file image.new in slot 1, to the Flash memory card
in slot 0, only if there is enough memory space for the two images to coexist.
Switch# copy slot1:image.new slot0:image.new
Note The previous command can also be entered as copy slot1:image.new slot0:.
Step 5 Usethe following series of commands to designate the file image.new (which is in theFlash
memory card in slot 0) as the default boot image:
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# no boot system
Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0:image.new
Crtl-z
Switch# copy running-config startup-config
Switch# reload
When the system reloads, it will boot the file image.new from the Flash memory card in slot 0.
Enabling Booting from Flash Memory
Toenablebooting from Flash memory, set configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 to a value between
2 and 15 in conjunction with the boot system [device]:[filename] configuration command.
Following are definitions of the various Flash memory-related boot commands:
boot system slot0:[filename]—Boots the file named on the Flash memory card in slot 0
boot system slot1:[filename]—Boots the file named on the Flash memory card in slot 1
To enter configuration mode and specify a Flash memory filename in the PCMCIA slot from which
to boot, enter the configure terminal command at the enable prompt, as follows:
Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.
Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0:myfile
To disable Break and enable the boot system slot0: command, enter the config-register command
with the value shown in the following example:
Switch(config)# config-reg 0x2102
To exit configuration mode, enter Cntl-Z as follows:
Crtl-z
Switch#
To save the new configuration to memory, use the copy running-config startup-config command
as follows:
Switch# copy running-config startup-config

LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide 9
Flash Memory File System Commands
When you enter boot commands, pay attention to the use of the space bar, which influences the way
the switch interprets the command. For example, notice the difference in the following commands:
Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0:myfile (correct command)
Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0: myfile (incorrect command)
In the first case, the switch boots the file specified (myfile). In the second case, the switch finds the
filename field blank and boots the first file on the Flash memory card.
Flash Memory File System Commands
Following are additional commands related to the Flash memory in the single in-line memory
module (SIMM) on the ASP (called bootflash) and in PCMCIA cards. (The following example
assumes you are currently in bootflash.) You can determine which file system device you are
accessing using the pwd command as follows:
Switch#pwd
bootflash
You can move between Flash memory media using the cd [bootflash |slot0 | slot1] command as
follows:
Switch#cd slot0:
Switch#pwd
slot0
Switch#
You can list the directory of any Flash memory media using the dir [bootflash | slot0 | slot1]
command as follows:
Switch#dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
2 1814648 Jul 15 1996 10:29:34 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005
3 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
2428436 bytes available (5566956 bytes used)
Switch#
You can delete a file from any Flash memory media using the delete command as follows:
Switch#delete ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005
Switch#dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
3 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
2428436 bytes available (5566956 bytes used)
Switch#
To verify that the delete command was successful, use the dir/all/long command.
Note Files that are deleted are simply marked as deleted, but still occupy space in Flash memory.
To remove them, use the squeeze command.
Thesqueezecommandpermanentlyremovesfiles,whicharemarkedasdeleted, and pushes all other
undeleted files together to eliminate spaces between them.

10 LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PCMCIA Flash Memory Card Installation Guide
Recovering from Locked Blocks
Following is the syntax of the squeeze command:
Switch# squeeze slot0:
All deleted files will be removed, proceed? [confirm]y
Squeeze operation may take a while, proceed? [confirm]yebESESESESESESESESESESESE
SESESZ
Switch#dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
2 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
6169852 bytes available (1825540 bytes used)
Switch#
To prevent loss of data due to sudden power loss, the “squeezed” data is temporarily saved to another
location of Flash memory, which is specially used by the system.
In the preceding command display output, the character “e” means this special location has been
erased (which must be performed before any write operation). The character “b” means that the data
that is about to be written to this special location has been temporarily copied. The character “E”
signifies that the sector which was temporarily occupied by the data has been erased. The character
“S” signifies that the data was written to its permanent location in Flash memory.
The squeeze command operation keeps a log of which of these functions has been performed so
upon sudden power failure, it can come back to the right place and continue with the process. The
character “Z” means this log was erased after the successful squeeze command operation.
Recovering from Locked Blocks
A locked block of Flash memory occurs when power is lost or a Flash memory card is unplugged
during a write or erase operation. When a block of Flash memory is locked, it cannot be written to
or erased, and the operation will consistently fail at a particular block location. The only way to
recover from locked blocks is by reformatting the Flash memory card with the format command.
Caution Formatting a Flash memory card to recover from locked blocks will cause existing data
to be lost.
Note For complete command descriptions and configuration information, refer to the LightStream
1010 ATM Switch Command Reference publication and the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software
Configuration Guide.
If You Need More Information
The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (Cisco IOS) software running the LightStream 1010
ATM switch contains extensive features and functionality. The effective use of many of many of
these features is easier if you have more information at hand.
To obtain general information about documentation, call Customer Service at 800 553-6387 or
408 526-7208. Customer Service hours are 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Pacific time, Monday through
Friday (excluding company holidays). You can also send e-mail to [email protected]. You can also
refer to the Cisco Information Packet that shipped with your switch.