Compaq 108164-003 - ProLiant - 800 Quick reference guide

WHITEPAPER
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444A/0696
June 1996
Prepared By
Os Development
Compaq Computer
Corporation
CONTENTS
Test Configuration.......... 3
Introduction .........................3
LoadSim..............................3
Performance Monitor.............8
Configuration of Test Facility.8
Performance
Results..........................10
Introduction ........................10
Processor Subsystem...........10
Disk Subsystem...................18
System Memory...................19
Conclusions and
Recommendations...............21
Performance of Microsoft Exchange
Server 4.0 on Compaq ProLiant Servers
Electronic messaging is consistently becoming more pervasive in the business world. As
people must process increasing amounts of information, there is a need for powerful
software and hardware products to satisfy the requirements imposed.
To fill the need for a powerful messaging software product, Microsoft has created
Microsoft Exchange Server 4.0. This product has been the focal point of extensive
development and testing efforts involving the commitments of both Microsoft and its
partners. During this time, Compaq and Microsoft have worked together to optimize
Microsoft Exchange Server on Compaq System products.
Microsoft Exchange Server is enormously complex, with many features and capabilities.
One important part of understanding the product is understanding its performance. For
system administrators and potential purchasers of both Microsoft Exchange Server and
Compaq products, this aspect of Microsoft Exchange Server is crucial to understand so
the proper decisions can be made.
This white paper covers various performance aspects of Microsoft Exchange Server 4.0
on Compaq ProLiant Servers, specifically the ProLiant 4500 and the ProLiant 5000.
Fundamentally, this paper should provide the reader with an expectation of how
Microsoft Exchange Server will perform on a Compaq ProLiant under various user
loads. Furthermore, the paper should uncover other useful information pertaining to
Microsoft Exchange Server configuration and performance tuning, as well as CPU,
RAM, and disk utilization on Compaq ProLiant servers. Ultimately, this paper should
help the potential purchaser make good decisions about which Compaq products to
purchase in order to satisfy the requirements of his or her business needs.

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NOTICE
The information in this publication is subject to change without notice.
COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL
OR EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN, NOR FOR
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE
FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL.
This publication does not constitute an endorsement of the product or products that were tested.
The configuration or configurations tested or described may or may not be the only available
solution. This test is not a determination of product quality or correctness, nor does it ensure
compliance with any federal, state or local requirements. Compaq does not warrant products other
than its own strictly as stated in Compaq product warranties.
Product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
Compaq, ProLiant, and NetFlex, registered United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
©1996 Compaq Computer Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in theU.S.A.
Microsoft, and Windows NT, are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
Performance of Microsoft Exchange Server 4.0
on Compaq ProLiant Servers
First Edition (June 1996)

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TEST CONFIGURATION
Introduction
Before diving right into the performance results, it is important to take a few minutes and review
the tools and configuration used to arrive at these results.
There are two main tools used to prepare the data for this white paper:
• Microsoft Exchange ServerLoadSim
• Microsoft Windows NT Performance Monitor
Naturally, your results will vary depending upon your exact conditions. In other words, the results
shown probably won’t be exactly what you will see. However, the trends should be the same.
Additionally, the configuration of test loads selected for this paper are a good overall mix of
potential real world situations. If anything, the load is a bit on the heavy side, so it should
illustrate a worst case scenario for most Exchange users. In other words, most likely your user
load won’t be heavier than the loads used in these tests, and as a result your performance should
be at least as good as, if not better than, the performance shown here.
LoadSim
The main tool used in generating the performance data contained in this paper is the Microsoft
Exchange Server User Load Simulation utility - calledLoadSim.
As its name implies,LoadSim is a tool for simulating a client user load on an Exchange Server.
Its purpose is to enable a single Windows NT machine - called aLoadSim client - to simulate
multiple Microsoft Exchange client users.
For more information on the details ofLoadsim operation and configuration, refer to the
Microsoft white paper entitled, “LoadSim: Microsoft Exchange Server Load Simulation Tool for
Microsoft Exchange 4.0”. This paper is included with theLoadSim utility, and they can both be
found on the Microsoft Exchange Server CD in the \SUPPORT\LOADSIM directory.
The operation ofLoadSim users is governed by aLoadSim profile, which is stored on disk as a
.SIM file. This profile controls things like how long aLoadSim ‘day’ is, how many email
messages to send in a day’s time, how many times to open and read existing email, whether to use
distribution lists, whether to use public folders, etc.

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Default User Profiles
There are three pre-configuredLoadSim profiles which are built intoLoadSim:Light, Medium,
and Heavy.
DEFAULTLOADSIM USERPROFILES
LoadSim USER ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTE DETAIL LIGHT MEDIUM HEAVY
TEST DURATION Length of a day (hours) 888
READING MAIL New mail (times/day) 12 12 12
Existing mail (times/day) 5 15 20
AFTER READING MAIL % of Reply 5% 7% 15%
% of Reply All 3% 5% 7%
% of Forward 5% 7% 7%
% of Move 20% 20% 20%
% of Copy 0% 0% 0%
% of Delete 40% 40% 40%
% of Do nothing 27% 21% 11%
DISTRIBUTION LISTS Minimum size 444
Maximum size 50 50 50
Average size 10 10 10
Cover 100% of users (no overlap) Yes Yes Yes
ATTACHMENTS % to Run/Load Mail Attachment (if one exists) 25% 25% 25%
INBOX SIZE Inbox Size Limit (# messages) 20 125 250
SENDING MAIL New mail (times/day) 246
Save a copy in Sent Mail Folder? Yes Yes Yes
Number of random recipients 333
% of time to add a Distribution List 30% 30% 30%
Message Priority Normal Normal Normal
Delivery Receipt? No No No
Read Receipt? No No No
NEW MAIL MESSAGE CONTENT
Text-only, no attachment 1K body (ups1K.msg) 90% 64% 50%
2K body (ups2K.msg) 0% 17% 10%
4K body (ups4K.msg) 0% 4% 5%
NEW MAIL MESSAGE CONTENT
1K mail body, with attachment 10K attachment (ups10Kat.msg) 10% 5% 10%
Embedded bitmap object (upsBMobj.msg) 0% 2% 5%
Word attachment (upsWDatt.msg) 0% 2% 5%

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LoadSim USER ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTE DETAIL LIGHT MEDIUM HEAVY
Excel attachment ( upsXLatt.msg) 0% 4% 5%
Embedded Excel object (upsXLobj.msg) 0% 2% 10%
SCHEDULE+ CHANGES Changes per day 1 5 10
Update Free/Busy information? No No No
Average Schedule File Size 22KB 22KB 22KB
PUBLIC FOLDERS Folder activity None None None
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) TOTAL MAIL RECEIVED PER DAY 22.94 66.30 118.89
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) TOTAL MAIL SENT PER DAY 4.70 14.18 30.67
Mail sent as New mail 2.00 4.00 6.00
Mail sent as a Reply 1.05 3.76 13.03
Mail sent as a Reply to All 0.60 2.67 5.82
Mail sent as a Forward 1.05 3.76 5.82
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) AVERAGE # RECIPIENTS FOR EACH MESSAGE 4.88 4.68 3.88
Table 1. DefaultLoadSim user profile definitions

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User Profile Definition for This Paper
The actual LoadSim user profile used in these tests is based on theMediumuser profile. In the
following table, deviations from the standardMediumprofile are in bold.
LOADSIM USERPROFILE FOR THIS PAPER
LoadSim USER ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTE DETAIL
TEST DURATION Length of a day (hours) 8
READING MAIL New mail (times/day) 12
Existing mail (times/day) 15
AFTER READING MAIL % of Reply 7%
% of Reply All 5%
% of Forward 7%
% of Move 20%
% of Copy 0%
% of Delete 40%
% of Do nothing 21%
DISTRIBUTION LISTS Minimum size 4
Maximum size 50
Average size 12
Cover 100% of users (no overlap) Yes
ATTACHMENTS % to Run/Load Mail Attachment (if one exists) 25%
INBOX SIZE Inbox Size Limit (# messages) 125
SENDING MAIL New mail (times/day) 4
Save a copy in Sent Mail Folder? Yes
Number of random recipients 3
% of time to add a Distribution List 30%
Message Priority Normal
Delivery Receipt? No
Read Receipt? No
NEW MAIL MESSAGE
CONTENT 1K body (ups1K.msg) 64%
Text-only, no attachment 2K body (ups2K.msg) 17%
4K body (ups4K.msg) 4%

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LoadSim USER ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTE DETAIL
NEW MAIL MESSAGE
CONTENT 10K attachment (ups10Kat.msg) 5%
1K mail body, with attachment Embedded bitmap object ( upsBMobj.msg) 2%
Word attachment (upsWDatt.msg) 2%
Excel attachment ( upsXLatt.msg) 4%
Embedded Excel object (upsXLobj.msg) 2%
SCHEDULE+ CHANGES Changes per day 5
Update Free/Busy information? No
Average Schedule File Size 22KB
PUBLIC FOLDERS Public folder tasks? Yes
Number of times/day to open public folders 5
% of time to open active folders 60%
Read old item 4%
Read new item 15%
Change view 7%
Delete item 3%
Post items 5%
Items to post 1
Reply 5%
Reply to author 0%
Forward item 0%
Copy item 5%
Move item 5%
Modify item 5%
% of time to do resolve-as-all 30%
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) TOTAL MAIL RECEIVED PER DAY 76.76
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) TOTAL MAIL SENT PER DAY 15.11
Mail sent as New mail 4.00
Mail sent as a Reply 4.10
Mail sent as a Reply to All 2.91
Mail sent as a Forward 4.10
CALCULATED DAILY LOAD
(based on these defaults) AVERAGE # RECIPIENTS FOR EACH MESSAGE 5.08
Table 2.LoadSim user profile definition for this paper

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LoadSim Score
The data point resulting from aLoadSim run is called theScore. The LoadSim Score represents a
weighted average of the 95
th percentile Exchange client response time (in milliseconds) of the
various Exchange tasks. The read task is the highest weighted task — accounting for over half of
the score.
Many of the figures in this paper use the Score as a means of implying performance, i.e. a lower
Score indicates better Exchange Server performance.
Only you can determine the acceptable response time in your environment, but most
administrators opt for one of two criteria: sub-second response time, or sub-3-second response
time. Three seconds has been assumed as a safe upper limit for most graphs in this paper.
Calculating theLoadSim Score
The Score you see in the graphs of this paper are derived using the following process.
1. A LoadSim client simulates 100Mediumusers
2. LoadSim is configured to log data to disk.
3. All Loadsim runs are for at least four hours.
4. The 95th percentile LoadSim Score is then calculated from theLoadSim logs using the
LSLOG utility. (Refer to the Microsoft white paper, “LoadSim: Microsoft Exchange Server
Load Simulation Tool for Microsoft Exchange 4.0” for more information on LSLOG)
5. When running LSLOG, the first hour is thrown away, and only the second, third, and fourth
hours are used for calculating the Score.
6. The Scores returned by LSLOG for all theLoadSim clients in the test are averaged. The
mean Score is used as a data point on the graph.
Performance Monitor
The main tool used in monitoring and collecting the performance data contained in this paper is
the Windows NT Performance Monitor (PerfMon).
PerfMon monitors performance objects and counters within Windows NT, and it is these objects
and counter which depict how the Exchange Server machine is performing under load.
For more information on how to usePerfMon, refer to the Windows NT Resource Kit for
Windows NT 3.51, Volume 4, ‘Optimizing Windows NT’. Contained in the volume is a thorough
treatment ofPerfMon and some good suggestions for detecting bottlenecks. The principles
outlined are relevant to monitoring performance of Exchange Server.
Configuration of Test Facility
The test facility is configured on two isolated 10BaseTethernet networks - one network for the
LoadSim clients and one network for the data collection. This is to isolate the network traffic
imposed by data collection from the actual test network traffic. Figure1is a representation of the
network topology.
There are 15 LoadSim client machines. As stated earlier, aLoadSim client is simply a Windows
NT machine that is configured with the Microsoft Exchange client software andLoadSim. A
single LoadSim client can simulate multiple users. In this case, each of the 15LoadSim clients
simulate 100 users. The load imposed by each user is based on the profile outlined previously in
Table 2.

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Figure1. Exchange Server test network topology.
LOADSIM CLIENT HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 2000
System Processor Single Pentium/100
System Memory 64 Mbytes
Disk subsystem 1GB Fast SCSI-2
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/2 (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Workstation v3.51 + SP2
Table 3.LoadSim client hardware configurations
PERFORMANCE RESULTS
Introduction
In this section of the paper the focus will be on the actual performance results of Microsoft
Exchange Server.
There are three main areas of server resources to warrant attention:
• Processor subsystem - all the server’s CPU resource, whether auniprocessor system or a
multiprocessor system
• Disk subsystem - all the server’s disk storage resource, including controller type and number
of drives in a RAID set

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• System memory - all the server’s memory resource, but not including cache memory on
processor boards or drive arrays. This is the amount of RAM installed in the system.
The data shows that Exchange Server is primarily processor intensive. That is to say, the first
resource to be consumed in an Exchange Server machine is the processor. With that in mind,
most of the following data will be centered around an analysis of performance with varying CPU
configurations.
After the processor subsystem, it is a tossup between the disk subsystem and system memory as to
which is more crucial. It’s a bit of a balance, i.e. if the server has a high performance disk
subsystem, then the system memory is more likely to reach capacity first. Conversely, if the
system has lots of memory, then the disk subsystem is likely to reach capacity first.
The cardinal rule to remember is this:if a subsystem is not a bottleneck, then adding more of that
resource will not help the problem. In all likelihood, it will merely amplify the existing weakness
in the system. For example, if an Exchange Server exhibits poor response time - and the processor
subsystem is not a bottleneck - then adding more processors to the server will not improve
response time.
Following the processor subsystem section are some data pertaining to the disk subsystem and
system memory. While there’s enough variables in those to warrant a white paper of their own,
these sections are included to provide a feel for how the Exchange Server system responds as
different resources are adjusted.
Processor Subsystem
As mentioned above, the processor subsystem is usually the first to be exhausted in an Exchange
Server system. Following are graphs showing how the different processor and server products
from Compaq affect the performance of Microsoft Exchange Server.
The value on the vertical axis is theLoadSim Score. The value on the horizontal axis is the
number ofLoadSim users.
1P indicates one processor installed in the server, 2P indicates two processors, etc. Each section
will describe the individual configuration of the Exchange Server computer being tested.
In all these test, the Exchange Server computer is configured as shown, and Exchange Optimizer
is run to set the Exchange system parameters. No manual tuning was done.

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Pentium/100
PENTIUM/100 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 4500
Processor Subsystem 1,2,4 Pentium/100, 512 KByte L2 cache
System Memory 128 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide SCSI-
2 drive
EISA SMART Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID 1
(Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 7x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 4. Pentium/100 Exchange Server hardware configuration
LoadSim Score vs. # Users
ProLiant 4500, Pentium/100 - 512KB L2
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
300 500 600 800 1000 1200
Number of Users
Score
1P
2P
4P
Figure2. Relative Score performance of Pentium/100
• The server very quickly consumes processor resource with a single CPU. Only 500 users can
be supported withsubsecond response time.
• In the single CPU data there is a huge jump in Score above 500 users. The trend carries over
to the 2P and 4P data as well. This could be due to the L2 cache getting overrun at those
numbers of users.
• This is a good example of showing the benefit of a second CPU because Exchange is
becoming processor constrained after 600 users.

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• This example also shows how there is little benefit in adding a CPU when the system isnot
processor constrained. In the case of going from 2P to 4P the response time improves very
little until you get above 800 users, which is where 2P becomes processor constrained.
• There is a tradeoff in adding CPUs to the processor subsystem due to system overhead.
System requests and context switches increase substantially as more CPUs are added.
Pentium/133
PENTIUM/133 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 4500
Processor Subsystem 1,2 Pentium/133, 2 Mbyte L2 cache
System Memory 128 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide SCSI-
2 drive
EISA SMART Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID 1
(Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 7x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 5. Pentium/133 Exchange Server hardware configuration
LoadSim Score vs. # Users
ProLiant 4500, Pentium/133 - 2MB L2
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
300 500 800 1000 1200
Number of Users
Score
1P
2P
Figure3. Relative Score performance of Pentium/133.
NOTE:
These test results are based on a
configuration that included
Public Folders and Schedule
Plus. We feel that this profile
better represents an actual
customer environment. In a
similar report produced by
Microsoft, testing did not include
Public Folders or Schedule Plus
and therefore produced
significantly different results.

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• This data perfectly illustrates the power of the L2 cache combined with the faster clock speed
of the Pentium/133. After comparing the results shown in Figure2with those of Figure3, it
is clear that a single Pentium/133 easily outperforms two or four Pentium/100 CPUs.
• The server is less quick to consume processor resource. 800 users can easily be supported
with subsecond response time.
• In this data there is not the huge jump in Score as exhibited by the Pentium/100. This is
possibly because the L2 cache is not being overrun at these user loads.
• This example shows how there is little benefit in adding a CPU when the system isnot
processor constrained. Interestingly, there is no real apparent bottleneck in the server
hardware itself. The gradual slowdown could be due to the Exchange software itself.
• This data implies that the system would be able to handle other tasks besides the email and
public folder tasks in theLoadSim user profile. For example, the second CPU would likely be
used more effectively if a gateway or some other Exchange process is added to the system.
• Four CPU data is omitted because it provides no additional benefit in this scenario.

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Pentium/166
PENTIUM/166 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 4500
Processor Subsystem 1,2 Pentium/166, 2 Mbyte L2 cache
System Memory 128 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide SCSI-
2 drive
EISA SMART Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID 1
(Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 7x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 6. Pentium/166 Exchange Server hardware configuration
LoadSim Score vs. # Users
ProLiant 4500, Pentium/166 - 2MB L2
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
300 500 800 1000 1200
Number of Users
Score
1P
2P
Figure4. Relative Score performance of Pentium/166.
• The results and performance are very similar to that of the Pentium/133.
• This data again illustrates the power of the L2 cache combined with the faster clock speed of
the Pentium/166. It is clear that a single Pentium/166 easily outperforms two or four
Pentium/100 CPUs.
• The server is less quick to consume processor resource. 800 users can easily be supported
with subsecond response time.

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• In this data there is not the huge jump in Score as exhibited by the Pentium/100. This is
possibly because the L2 cache is not being overrun at these user loads.
• This example shows how there is little benefit in adding a CPU when the system isnot
processor constrained. In the case of going from 1P to 2P the response time improves very
little until the number of users exceeds 1000. Interestingly, there is no real apparent
bottleneck in the server hardware itself. The gradual slowdown could be due to the Exchange
software itself.
• For systems on which the workload is light (refer to Table 1 for workload comparisons), there
is a tradeoff in adding CPUs to the processor subsystem due to system overhead. System
requests and context switches increase substantially as more CPUs are added. This could also
account for the marginal benefit in adding a second CPU, i.e. in this case the benefit could be
offset by the additional overhead.
• This data implies that the system would be able to handle other tasks besides the email and
public folder tasks in theLoadSim user profile. For example, the second CPU would likely be
used more effectively if a gateway or some other Exchange process is added to the system.
• Four CPU data is omitted because it provides no additional benefit in this scenario.
Pentium Pro/166
PENTIUMPRO/166 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 5000
Processor Subsystem One Pentium Pro/166,
512 Kbyte L2 cache
System Memory 128 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide
SCSI-2 drive
PCI SMART-2 Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID 1
(Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 7x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 PCI (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 7. Pentium Pro /166 Exchange Server hardware configuration

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LoadSim Score vs. # Users
ProLiant 5000, Pentium Pro/166 - 512KB
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
500
1000
1500
Number of Users
Score
1P
Figure5. Relative Score performance of Pentium Pro/166.
• This data illustrates the increased power of the Pentium Pro processor with 32-bit Windows
NT applications.
• Note that this system uses the PCI SMART-2 Array Controller rather than the EISA SMART
Array Controller as in previous tests. Some of the performance benefit here could be
attributed to better performance of the disk subsystem.
• The server is less quick to consume processor resource. 1000 users can easily be supported
with subsecond response time.
• Interestingly, there is no real apparent bottleneck in the server hardware itself. However, the
gradual slowdown trend continues as with Pentium/133 and Pentium/166. This could be due
to the Exchange software itself, although it is faster overall than the Pentium-class processor
subsystems.
• This data implies that the system would be able to handle other tasks besides the email and
public folder tasks in theLoadSim user profile. For example, the second CPU would likely be
used more effectively if a gateway or some other Exchange process is added to the system.
Single CPU Processor Subsystem Comparison
Figures6and 7show a comparison of the performance of the different processor subsystems
examined. Figure6compares single CPU configurations. Figure7compares dual CPU
configurations.

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LoadSim Score vs. # Users
1P CPU Comparison
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
300 500 800 1000 1200 1500
Number of Users
Score
P5/100
P5/133
P5/166
P6/166
Figure6. Single CPU performance comparison.
LoadSim Score vs. # Users
2P CPU Comparison
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
300 500 800 1000 1200 1500
Number of Users
Score
P5/100
P5/133
P5/166
P6/166
Figure7. Dual CPU performance comparison.
• This data again illustrates the increased power of the Pentium Pro processor with 32-bit
Windows NT applications. It also demonstrates the benefit of large L2 cache in the
Pentium/133 and /166 CPUs (as opposed to the smaller cache in Pentium/100 CPUs.)
• The overall indication is that 1500 users is about the practical upper limit for tests using this
LoadSim user profile. Over 1500 users the response time exceeds three seconds.

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• There is consistency in the relative performance of both the 1P and 2P data.
• Four CPU data is omitted because it provides no additional benefit in this scenario.
Disk Subsystem
Effect of Number of Spindles
The basic idea with a disk subsystem is to make disk I/O as fast as possible. One good way to do
this is to have several spindles (disks) spinning at the same time connected to a Compaq SMART
Array Controller.
For related information see the Compaq white paper, ‘SMART-2 Array Controller Technology’
or the Compaqtechnote, ‘Configuring Compaq RAID Controllers for Database Servers’.
This concept applies to Microsoft Exchange Server. Table 8 describes the hardware used in this
test. Figure8depicts the benefit of adding disks to the array set to increase response time.
PENTIUMPRO/166 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 5000
Processor Subsystem 1 Pentium Pro/166, 512 Kbyte L2 cache
System Memory 128 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide
SCSI-2 drive
PCI SMART-2 Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID
1 (Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 7x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 PCI (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 8. Pentium Pro /166 Exchange Server hardware configuration

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LoadSim Score vs. # Users
# RAID 5 Drives in Store Volume
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
500 1000 1500
Number of Users
Score
7 drvs
3 drvs
Figure8. Performance benefit of adding disks to an array.
• Adding disk spindles to the RAID set produces a benefit in response time.
• The benefit increases as the number of users increases. This is because the number of disk
I/Os required increases also, so the benefit of the array controller becomes more apparent.
System Memory
System Memory plays a crucial role in the performance of Windows NT and NT applications. It is
very important to have enough system memory in an Exchange Server computer.
Effect of Increasing IS Buffers
Aside from the amount of memory required for running Windows NT and Exchange Server,
system memory and disk performance are interrelated. This is because the IS buffers are allocated
from system memory. A small IS buffer will constrain disk I/O whereas a large IS buffer will tend
to relieve the disk I/O requirements on the disk subsystem.

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PENTIUMPRO/166 EXCHANGESERVER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Machine Class Compaq ProLiant 5000
Processor Subsystem 1 Pentium Pro/166, 512 Kbyte L2 cache
System Memory 128/ 256 Mbytes
Disk Subsystem Integrated Fast Wide SCSI-2 controller Pagefile and executables volume: 1x2GB Fast Wide
SCSI-2 drive
PCI SMART-2 Controller Log volume: 2x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 0, RAID
1 (Array Accelerator enabled)
IS volume: 3x2GB Fast SCSI-2 drives on port 1, RAID 5
(Array Accelerator enabled)
Network Interface Compaq NetFlex/3 PCI (10BaseT)
Operating System Windows NT Server v3.51 + SP4
Table 9. Pentium Pro /166 Exchange Server hardware configuration
In this case, the IS buffers were increased by adding 128 Mbytes of RAM to the configuration.
Note that the entire additional 128 Mbytes of RAM are allocated to the IS buffer, i.e. the IS
buffers were originally set to 9833 (39 MB), and they were increased to 42601 (167 MB). Each IS
buffer is 4 Kbytes in size, so a net of 32768 buffers are added to allocate 128 Mbytes of RAM.
LoadSim Score vs. # Users
Effect of increasing IS Buffer by 128 Mbytes
(lower score is better)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
500 1000 1500
Number of Users
Score
39 MB
167 MB
Figure9. Performance benefit of increasing IS buffers.
• The benefit of adding extra IS buffers produces significant benefit, especially at higher user
levels. This is because the extra IS buffers are relieving the disk subsystem of a certain
amount of the I/O load.