Conner CFA2161A User manual

CFA2161A
Intelligent Disk Drive
Product Manual
Preliminary Release
Revision A
January 1996
Title: Conner logo w/tag (Converted)-1
Creator: Aldus Freehand 4.0
CreationDate: 5/26/94 3:17 PM
3081 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95134-2128
[phone]

FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used properly; that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has
been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing
device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a
residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference
to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by
one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient the receiving antenna.
•Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
•Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver
are on different branch circuits.
If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet
prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems
This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Warning: Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not
been expressly approved by Conner Peripherals, Inc. may cause radio and
television interference problems that could void the user's authority to operate
the equipment.
Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus
in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur le
brouillage radioélectrique, C.R.C., ch. 1374.
Conner and the Conner logo are registered trademarks of Conner Peripherals,
Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are property of their
respective owners.
Copyright 1996, Conner Peripherals, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Document No. 501-093 01/96

Important Information About this Manual
All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered
proprietary by Conner Peripherals, Inc. By accepting this material, the recipient
agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in
confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor
its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was
delivered. It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate
any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Conner
Peripherals, Inc.
Conner Peripherals, Inc. provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any
kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Conner
Peripherals, Inc. reserves the right to change, without notification, the
specifications contained in this manual.
Conner Peripherals, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that
might arise from the use of the information in this manual.

Technical Reference Manual
Page i
Table of Contents
1. Overview of the Drive 1
What is the Drive? 1
Features of the Drive 1
What the Drive is Composed Of 2
Mechanical Design Features 2
Head-Disk Assembly 3
Head Positioning Mechanism 4
Read/Write Heads and Disks 4
Data and Power Connections 5
Electrical Design Features 5
Integrated Circuit 5
Circuit Board 5
Firmware 5
2. Specifications 7
Specifications In This Chapter 7
Drive Capacity 8
Physical Configuration 8
Performance Characteristics 9
Read/Write Characteristics 10
Reliability 10
Power Requirements 11
Environmental Tolerances 11
Product Test Standards 12
Physical Characteristics 13
3. How the Drive Operates 15
Functions of the Drive 15
Drive Operational Modes 15
Error Correction 15
Universal Translate Mode 16
Master/Slave Configuration 16
Cable Select 17
4. Installing the Drive 19
Take These Precautions 19
Installing the Drive 19
Setting the Drive’s Jumpers 20
Attaching a Data Cable to the Drive 22
Attaching Power to the Drive 24
Mounting the Drive 25

Table of Contents
Filepro CFA2161A
Page ii
Filepro CFA2161A
5. Host Interface 27
About the Host Interface 27
Signal Conventions 27
Signal Levels 27
Signal Descriptions 28
ATA/CAM Master/Slave Reset Timing 30
Host PI0 16-Bit Timing Values 32
Host Demand Mode DMA 16-bit Interface Timing Values 34
6. Register Addresses and Functions 35
Host Address Decoding 35
Addressing the Data 37
Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) mode 37
Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Mode 37
Descriptions of the Registers 38
Data Register 38
Error Register 39
Features Register (formerly Write Precomp Register) 40
Sector Count 40
Sector Number 40
Cylinder Low 41
Cylinder High 41
Device/Head Register 42
Status Register 43
Alternate Status Register 44
Device Control Register 45
Drive Address Register 46
Command Register 46
7. Command Set 49
Command Register 49
Conner Specific 50
Get Drive Feature word (00) 51
Execute Drive Diagnostic 52
Format Track 52
Identify Device 53
Initialize Device Parameters 57
Power Commands 58
Read DMA 59
Read Multiple 60
Read Sector(s) 61
Read Sector Buffer 62
Read Verify Sectors 62
Recalibrate 63
Seek 63
Set Features (Set Look Ahead Read) 64
Set Multiple Mode 65
S.M.A.R.T. 66
Device Attributes Data Structure 68
Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure 72
Error Reporting 74
Write DMA 75

Filepro CFA2161A
Table of Contents
Technical Reference Manual
Page iii
Write Caching 75
Write Multiple 76
Write Caching 76
Write Sector(s) 78
Write Caching 79
Write Sector Buffer 79
8. Error Reporting 81
Error and Status Detection 81
Error and Status Messages 81
Glossary 83

Table of Contents
Filepro CFA2161A
Page iv
Filepro CFA2161A

Technical Reference Manual
Page 1
Overview of the Drive
1
What is the Drive?
The Conner Filepro Advantage CFA2161A is a high-performance, low-profile
hard disk drive which is designed to operate with an IBM PC/AT or equivalent
host computer system in translate mode. The drive supports advanced ATA PIO
Mode 4 and DMA Mode 2 data transfer protocols for superior I/O performance.
Logical Block Addressing (LBA) is supported for compatibility with advanced
systems (BIOS) which support greater than 528MB capacity IDE drives, as well
as Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing for backward compatibility.
Drive Model:
Form Factor:
Capacity (formatted):
No. of disks/heads:
CFA2161A
inch high, 3.5 inch
2160MB*
4 disk/8 heads
* This is the native capacity of the drive. Refer to pages16 and20 for factory and
jumper settings that may affect the user capacity of the drive.
Features of the Drive
The drive provides these features:
•Task File emulation and ATA compatibility allows installation in a wide
range of host systems.
•high-performance rotary voice coil actuator with embedded servoing
eliminates the need for T-cal
•one-of-seven run-length limited code
•high shock resistance
•automatic actuator latch against inner stop upon power-down
•microprocessor-controlled diagnostic routines that are automatically
executed at start-up
•128KB segmentable cache buffer
•Read Look Ahead and Write Caching
•automatic error correction and retries, single burst ECC on the fly
•supports ATA Standard PIO Mode 4 and DMA Mode 2
•512-byte block size
•supports both CHS and LBA addressing
•allows daisy-chaining up to two drives on the AT interface
•Auto-Translate (Universal Translate)
•Activated Carbon module to absorb contaminants

Chapter 1
Overview of the Drive
Page 2
Filepro CFA2161A
•11-byte ECC diagnostic check in read/write
What the Drive is Composed Of
The drive is composed of mechanical, electrical, and firmware elements.
Mechanical Design Features
The drive’s hardware includes the components described in the following
sections. Figure 1-1 shows the primary components of the Hard Disk Drive.
Figure 1-1
Drive Top Level Assembly

Overview of the Drive
Chapter 1
Technical Reference Manual
Page 3
Head-Disk Assembly
The Head-Disk Assembly (HDA) is housed within a die-cast aluminum base on
which is mounted a die-cast aluminum cover. Both the base and the cover are
manufactured using a corrosion resistant alloy. A gasket seals the joint between
the base and cover to retard the entry of moisture and environmental
contaminants from the assembly.
This assembly, the head-disk assembly, contains an integral 0.3 micron filter,
carbon adsorber module and breather filter, which maintain a clean
environment. Critical drive components are contained within this contaminant-
free environment.
Figure 1-2
Head-Disk Assembly

Chapter 1
Overview of the Drive
Page 4
Filepro CFA2161A
Drive Motor and Spindle
A brushless DC direct-drive motor assembly is mounted on the drive’s base. The
motor rotates the drive’s spindle at 5400 RPM. The motor/spindle assembly is
dynamically balanced to provide minimal mechanical runout to the disks. A
dynamic brake is used to provide a fast stop to the spindle motor and return the
heads to the landing zone when power is removed.
Head Positioning Mechanism
The read/write heads are supported by a mechanism coupled to a rotary voice
coil actuator.
Read/Write Heads and Disks
Data is recorded on 95mm diameter disks through thin film heads. The
CFA2161A contains four disks and eight read/write heads.
At power-down, the heads are automatically retracted to the inner diameter of
the disk and are latched and parked on a landing zone that is inside the data
tracks.

Overview of the Drive
Chapter 1
Technical Reference Manual
Page 5
Data and Power Connections
The drive has a single 40-pin data connector, as well as an auxiliary connector
which is reserved for factory or evaluation use.
The drive has a standard 4-pin power connector and may optionally have a 3-pin
connector, only one of which should be used at a time.
The drive also has a jumper block located next to the auxiliary connector which
can be set to specify drive operational parameters. For more information on the
drive’s connectors and on setting jumpers, refer to chapters 3 and 4.
Electrical Design Features
Integrated Circuit
A single integrated circuit (IC) is mounted within the sealed hard drive assembly
in close proximity to the read/write heads. The IC provides head selection, read
pre-amplification, and write drive circuitry.
Circuit Board
The drive’s microprocessor-controlled circuit board provides the remaining
electronic functions, which include:
•read/write circuitry
•rotary actuator control
•interface control
•spin speed control
•auto-park
•power management
Firmware
The drive’s firmware includes a command set which the host uses to control the
drive. The command set allows the host to request the following types of actions:
•report drive status (SMART)
•seek a specific point on the disk
•read and write data
For more information on the drive’s command set, refer to chapters 6 and 7.

Technical Reference Manual
Page 7
Specifications
2
Specifications In This Chapter
This chapter defines the following specifications for the drive:
•drive capacity
•physical configuration
•performance characteristics
•read/write characteristics
•reliability
•power requirements
•environmental tolerances
•safety standards
•physical characteristics

Chapter 2
Specifications
Page 8
Filepro CFA2161A
Drive Capacity
Formatted Capacity*:
•CFA2161A: 2160MB
(This is the native capacity of the drive. Refer to pages16 and 20 for factory and
jumper settings that may affect the user capacity of the drive.)
* 1MB = 1 x 106or 1,000,000 bytes
Physical Configuration
Specification
CFA2161A:
Disk Type
Sputtered Thin Film
Head Type
Thin Film
Actuator Type
Rotary Voice Coil
Number of Disks
4
Data Surfaces
8
Data Heads
8
Servo
Embedded
Tracks per Surface
4474
Buffer Size
128KB
Track Density
4800 tpi
Formatted Track Capacity
41,472 - 76,288 bytes
Bytes per Block
512
Blocks per Drive
4,231,072
Sectors per Track (User)
81 - 149
Translate
Universal*
* Refer to chapter 3 for a definition of Universal Translate Mode

Specifications
Chapter 2
Technical Reference Manual
Page 9
Performance Characteristics
Seek Times (typical)* :
•Track to track: 2.5 ms
•Average: 10.5 ms**
•Maximum: 22.5 ms
•The timing is measured through the interface with the drive operating at nominal DC input voltage
and nominal operating temperature. The timing also assumes that:
•BIOS and PC system hardware dependency have been subtracted from timing
measurements
•the drive is operated using its native drive parameters
•the controller overhead is the time it takes to assert +HOST IRQ after the host writes the
command register with a READ instruction, for the case where the data already resides in
the buffer
** The average seek time is determined by averaging the seek time for a minimum of 1000 seeks of
random length over the surface of the disk.
Average Latency:
•5.56 ms
Rotation Speed:
•5400 RPM (+0.1%)
Controller Overhead:
•< 1.0 msec
Start Time at Power-Up: *
•0 RPM to 5400 RPM
-Typical: 10 seconds
-Maximum: 20 seconds
•0 RPM to Ready
-Typical: 10 seconds
-Maximum: 20 seconds
*These numbers assume spin recovery is not invoked. If spin recovery is invoked, the maximum
could be 40 seconds. Briefly removing power can lead to spin recovery being invoked.
Stop Time at Power-Down:
-Typical: 10 seconds
-Maximum: 20 seconds
Interleave:
•1:1

Chapter 2
Specifications
Page 10
Filepro CFA2161A
Read/Write Characteristics
Interface:
•Task File
Recording Method:
•1 of 7 RLL code
Recording Density (ID):
•77,900 bits per inch
Flux Density (ID):
•58,400 flux reversals per inch
Data Transfer Rate:
•To/From Media: 39.3 - 71.8 Mbits /second
•To/From Host: 16.7 MB/second with flow control (PIO Mode 4 or Demand
Mode 2 DMA)
Reliability
Data Reliability:
•< 1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits read
Component Design Life:
•5 years
Start/Stop Cycles:
•20,000 minimum
Mean Time Between Failures:
•500,000 power-on hours
Preventive Maintenance:
•none

Specifications
Chapter 2
Technical Reference Manual
Page 11
Power Requirements
Mode: *
+5 Volts
(typical):
+12 Volts
(typical):
Watts
(typical):
Watts
(maximum):
Read/Write
325 mA
325 mA
5.5 W
5.75 W
Seek (30%)
5
25 mA
560 mA
9.3 W
9.7 W
Idle
300 mA
300 mA
5.1 W
5.6 W
Standby
85 mA
0 mA
0.425 W
0.75 W
Sleep
85 mA
0 mA
0.425 W
0.75W
Spin-Up
400 mA
1700 mA
N/A N/A
* Refer to chapter 3 for the definitions of the modes. Spin-Up Mode current draw is for 7 seconds,
maximum. Maximum power is when the supply voltage is at the worst case condition.
Minimum/Maximum Voltage:
•+5V: +5%
•+12V: +5%
Maximum Peak-to-Peak Noise Allowed
(DC to 1 MHz, with equivalent resistive load):
•+5V: 2%
•+12V: 1%
Environmental Tolerances
Temperature:
•Operating: 5° to 55° C
•Non-operating: -40° to 60° C
•Thermal Gradient: 20o C per hour maximum
Relative Humidity (non-condensing):
•Operating: 8 to 80%
•Non-operating: 8 to 80%
•Wet Bulb: 29o C
Altitude (relative to sea level):
•Operating: -200 to 10,000 feet
•Non-operating: 40,000 feet (maximum)
•Altitude Gradient: 1,000 feet/minute
Shock (half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration):
•Operating: 5G without non-recoverable errors
•Non-operating: 75G without non-recoverable errors

Chapter 2
Specifications
Page 12
Filepro CFA2161A
Vibration (swept-sine, one octave per minute):
•Operating
-5 - 32 Hz: 0.01 inch displacement; single amplitude
-32 - 400 Hz: 0.5G without non-recoverable errors
•Non-operating
-5 - 28 Hz: 0.10 inch displacement; single amplitude
-28 - 400 Hz: 4G peak
Magnetic Field:
•The disk drive will meet its specified performance while operating in the
presence of an externally-produced magnetic field under the following
conditions:
Field Frequency
Intensity
DC
6 gauss
to 700 Khz
7 milligauss
700 Khz to 1.5 Mhz
3 milligauss
Acoustic Noise:
•The acoustic sound power level measured based on ISO7779 is typically 4.0
Bel and will not exceed 4.5 Bel in Idle Mode.
Product Test Standards
The drive is designed to comply with relevant product safety standards,
including:
•UL 478, 5th edition, Standard for Safety of Information Processing and
Business Equipment
•UL 1950, Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment
•CSA 22.2 #220, Information Processing and Business Equipment
•CSA 22.2 #950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment
•IEC 380, Safety of Electrically Energized Office Machines
•IEC 950, Safety of information Technology Equipment Including Electrical
Business Equipment
•VDE 0805, VDE 0805 TIEL 100, and VDE 0806
The drive has been tested for compliance with FCC Class B, Part 15, Subpart J
The drive has been tested to be compatible with EMC directive 89/336/EEC.