Craftsman 351.217120 User manual

Operator's Manual I
Variable Speed
WOOD LATHE
Model No.
351.217120
CAUTION:
Read and follow all Safety
Rules and Operating
Instructions before First
Use of this Product.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Hoffman Estates, IL 60179 U.S.A,
WWW, Ilear LCof11/cr aimf_rlfl 8fl
18184.02 Draft (11/10/02)

WarTar'ity ....................................... 2
Salety Rules .................................. 2-3
Unpacldng ..................................... 3
Assembly ...................................... 4
Installation .................................... 4,-6
Operation ................................... 8-19
Maintenance ................................... 20
Troubleshooting ................................ 21
Parts Illustration and Ust ....................... 24-27
Esp_of .................................... 28-51
FULL ONEYEAR WARRANTY ON CRAFTSMAN
VARIABLE SPEED WOOD LATHE
If this productfallsdue to a detectin materialor workmanship
withinone year fromthe date oi purchase,Sears will at its
optionrepair or replaceit tree dcharge. Contactyour near-
est Sears Service Center (1-800-4-MY-HOME) to arrangefor
productrepair,or return thisproductto place d purchasefor
replacement.
Ifthis productis usedfor commercialor rental purposes,this
warrantywill applyfor 90 days from the date of pumhase,
This warrantyappliesonly while thisproductis usedin the
UnitedStates.
This warrantygives you specificlegal rights, and you may
also have othar rightswhichvary from stateto state.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Dept. 817WA, Hottman Estates,
IL 60179
CAUTION: Alwaysfollowproper operating proceduresas
definedin this manual-- even ifyou are familiarwith use of
this or similartools.Remember that being carelessfor even a
fractionct asecond can rasuit in severe personal injury.
BE PREPARED FOR JOB
• Wear proper apparel.Do not wear loose dnthing,gloves,
neckties,rings,bracelets or other jewelry whichmayget
caught in movingpads of machine.
• Wear protectivehaircevedng tocontain longhair.
•Wear salety shoeswith non.aiipsoles.
•Wear saletyglasses onmplying with United StatasANSI
Z87.1. Everydayglasses have only impactresistantlens-
es.Thay are NOT safetyglasses.
•Wear face mask or dustmask it operationis dusty.
•Be alert and think dearly. Never operate power toolswhen
tired, intoKleatedor when taking medicationsthatcause
drowsiness.
PREPARE WORK AREA FOR JOB
Keepwork area dean. Clutteredworkareas ioviteacci-
dents.
Do not use power toets in dangerous environments. Do
not use power tools in damp or wet locations. Do nOt
expose power tools to rain.
•Work area should be properly lighted.
oSears, Roebuck and Co.
Keepvisitorsat a sate distancefrom workarea.
Keep childrenoutoi workplace.Make workshopchild-
proct.Use padlocks,master switchesor removeswitch
keysto preventany unintentionaluse of powertools.
Keep powercordsfrom coming in contactwith sharp
objects,oil, grease, and hOtsurfaces.
TOOL SHOULD BE MAINTAINED
Alwaysunplugtoolprior to inspection.
Consultmanualforspecificmaintainingand adjustingpro-
ceduras.
• Keep toollubricatedand clean for safest operation.
• Keep all pads in worldngorder.Check to determinethat
the guard orOtherpartswilloperate propertyand perform
their intendedfunction.
•Checkfor deranged parts.Check for alignment oi moving
pads, binding,breakage, mountingand any othercondi-
tionthatmay affecta tool'soperation.
•A guard or Otherpad that is damaged shouldbe properly
repairedor replaced.Do nntpedorm maksshiftrepairs.
(Use parts listprovidedto order replacementparts.)
•Never adjustattachments while running.Disconnectpower
to avoid accidentalstart-up.
•Havedamagedorworn powercordsreplacedimmediately,
• Keep cuttingtoolssharpfor efficientand s_est operation.
KNOW HOW TO USE TOOL
•Use righttoolforjob. Do notIorce toolor attachment to do
ajob forwhichit was notdesigned.
•Disconnecttoolwhen changingattachments.
•Avoidaccidentalstart-up.Make surethat the toniis in the
=off"positionbefore pluggingin, turning on satelydiscon-
nector activatingbreakers.
• Do not force tool.It willwork most efficientlyat the rate for
whichit was designed.
• K,_ephandsswayfromchuck,centers and Otharmoving
pads.
•Never leave toolrunningunattended.Turnthe power off
and do not leovetooluntilit comes to acompletestep.
•Do not overreach.Keepproper lootingand balance.
•Never stand ontool,Serious injury could occurit toolis
tippedor i' centers are unintentionallycontacted.
•Knowyourtool.Learnthe leers operation, application and
specificlimitations.
•Handleworkpiececorrectly.Mountfirmly in holding
devices.Protect handsfrom possibleinjury,
•Turnmachineoff ifworkplece splitsor becomesloose.
•Use cuttingtonleas recornmendedin =Operation."
WARNING: Forysurown salety,donot operateyOUrwood
latheuntilitiscompletelyassembledand installedaccordingto
instructions.
PROTECTION: EYES, HANDS, FACE, BODY, EARS
If any part ct your lathe is missing, malfunctioning,or has
been damaged orbrahen,cease operating immediately
untilthe particularpad is properlyrepaired or replaced,
•We="saletygogglesthatcomplywih UnitedStatesANSI
7R7.1 anda face sttaldordustmask it operatlen isdusty,
Wearear plugsor muffsduring _,.'tandedperiodsct operation.
Small loosepieces ofwood or other objectsthat contacta
spinning workplececan be propelledat very highspeed.
Thiscan be avoided by keeping the latheclean.

Never turn the lathe ON before clearing the bed, head and
tailstock ot all tools, wood scraps, etc., except the werkpiece
and related support devicse for the operation planned.
Never place your lace or body in line with the chuck or
faceplate.
•Never plane your fingers or hande in path ut cutting tools.
•Never roach in back of the workpiece wit h either hand to
support the piece, remove wood scraps, or lor any other
mason, Avoid awkward aperetions and hand positions
where a sudden slip could cause fingers or hand to move
into aspinning workplece.
•Shut the lathe OFF and disconnect power source when
removing the faneplste, changing the center, adding or
removing an a,z<itiary device, or making adjustments.
•Turn _lock switch to =off" and remove _when tool is
not in use.
• If the workplece splits or is damaged in any way, turn lathe
OFF and remove the workpiece Imm the holders. Discard
damaged workpiece and start with a new piece of wood.
• Use extra care when turning wood with twisted grain or
wood that is twisted or bowed -- it may cut unevenly or
wobble excessively.
KNOW YOUR CUTTING TOOLS
•Dull, gummf, improperly sharpenedor set cuttingtonlscan
ceuse vibrationend chatterduringcuttingoperations.
Minimizepotential injuryby proper care of tools and regu-
ier machine maintenance.
THINK SAFETY
Safety is a combinationof operator common sense and alert-
ness at all timeswhen the lethe is being used.
•Foryour o,,vnsafety,read all rules andpmcautioas in the
operator's manual before using thistool.
•Foreye protection,wear safatyglasses complyingwith
UnitedStates ANSI Z87.1.
•Do netwear looseclothing,gloves,neckties, rings,
bracelets or otherjewelry thatceeld gef caught in moving
parts of machineor workpieee.Wear proteotivehaircover-
ingto contain longhair.
•Tighten all damps, fixturesand tailstsckbefore applying
power.Check to mak_ surethat all tools and wrenches
have been removed.
•With switchoff, rotate workpleceby hand to make sure
thatthere isadequate clearance.Start the machine on
lowestspeed settingto verity thatthe workpleceis secure,
• Forlarge pieces, create a roughshape on another piece of
equipmentbefore installingon fsceplate.
•Do not mount anyworkpleces thathave splits or knots.
•Remove any center from spindle when using an outboard
devicefor au_itiaryturning.
•Ne/er attempt to remountafaneplateturningto the lace-
platefor any mason,
•Never attempttoremounta between-centersturningit the
original centerson theturninghavebeen alteredor removad.
•When remountingabetween-centemturningthat has non-
altered original centers, make surethatthe speed is at the
lowestsettingforetad-ap.
•Use extracautionwhen mountingebatween.centersturn-
ing tothe faceplata, ora faceplsteturningto between-cen-
ters, for secondary operations. Male surethat the speed is
atthe lowestsettingfor start-up.
•Never perform any operation with this lathe where the
workplece is hand-held. Do net mount a reamer, milling
cutter, drill bit, wire wheel or buffing wheel to the heed-
stock spindle.
•When hand-sanding fsceplate or between-ceeters mount-
ed werkpieces, complete all sanding BEFORE removing
the workplece from the lathe.
Never run the spindle in the wrong directiee. The cutting
tool could be pulled from your hands. The workpiece
should always turn towards the operator.
For spindle tur_ng, ALWAYS paslion the tool rest above the
centedine of the workplece and spindle (sppreKin'kately'_").
Use the ddll chuck accessory in the tall efock only. Do not
mount any drill bit that extends mere than 6" beyond chuck
jaws.
CAUTION; Foilow safely instructions that appear on the
headstock assembly for your lathe.
Refer toFigure 1.
Check forshippingdamage.If damage has occurred, a claim
mustbe filedwith carder.Check for completeness.
Immediatelyrepod:missingpartsto dealer.
Yourwoodlatheisshippedcompleteinone c_ton and includes
amotor.Separate allpadsfrompackingmaterialsandcheck
each one withthe unpaddnglistto make certainall items are
accountedforbeforediscardingany packingmaterial.
If anyparts am missing, do not attempt to assemble the lathe,
plugin the pawer cord,ortum the switchon untilthe missing
pads are chtained and properlyinstalled.
A lathe
BLeg (4)
C Brace(2)
D TSP(2)
ESupport(2)
F 12"Teel Reef
G 6"ToolRest
H 4" Face Plate
Parts Bag (Lathe) -NOtShown
PartsBag (Stand)-Not Shown
IMPORTANT: The bed is coatedwith a protediant.To ensure
proper fit and operation,remove coating,Coatingis easily
removedwithmild solvents,such as mineralspirits, and a soft
doth.Avoidgettingcleaningsolution on paint or anyof the
rubberor plasticparts,Solventsmay deterioratethesefinish-
es. Use soapand water on paint, plasticor rubbercompo-
nents.Wipe all parts thoroughlywith aclean drycloth.Apply
pastewax to the bed,
3
Rgum I -Unpacking

Refer to Figu="es2 - 3.
CAUTION: Do not attempt assembly if parts ere missing.
Use this manual to order replacement parts.
•Remove all components from the shipping carton and verify
against the parts list on page 3. Clean each component and
remo_ shipping preservatives (coatings) as required.
ASSEMBLE STAND
NOTE: Hand tighten all I_ nutsduringstand assembly.Do
notcompletelytightennutsuntilstand assemblyis complete.
•Piecebcthtoppiecesepside downee flooror benchtop.
Attach|font and rearsqoportstotopsusingtheca,'dagebolts,
flatwashers,lockwashersand hexnuts.
•Attach legs toinside nt tops usingcarriagebols, flat
washers, lockwashers and hexnuts,
•Attachbracesto insideof legsusingcarriagebolts,flatwash-
ers, lechwashersand hexnuts.
•Turnstand upright,level standandsecuresil nuts.
Suppo_
1\
Rgum 2 - Lalhe Stand Asmmbied
MOUNT LATHE TO STAND
NOTE: Lathe weighs apprceimately130 Ibs.Two people mw
be requiredfor this operation,
•Obse_e Iocehendmeentingholesin thestand top.Pceitinn
latheon stand top sothatthe mountingholesinthe standare
alignedwithhobs inthe headstockand n_tor suppodcast-
ing.Securelathefrom underneathstand usingsed_ head
boltsandflatwashe(s.
•Insert6" or 12" toolrest intoholderand securein position
with lockinghandle.
• Attach speed controlknQb.
•Whenthe woodlethe isreedj/foruse,it shouldappear as it
doesin Figure3,
Inboard Spinde Toel ReSt
Headstock
Spinde Bed Halide
Knob
Rgum 3 - Pmls of the Lathe
•Examine the liee cord to male ,,_Jrethel the ping is in geed
condition and that the insulation has not been damaged
during transit.
Reler to Figures4-9,
LOCATION OF WOOD LATHE
The latheshouldbe positionedsothat neitherthe operator
nor acasual observer isforced to stand in linewith the spin-
ningchuck.
INSTALLATION OF CENTERS
The spur center and the bearing center have Morsetaper #1
tomatch the spindleand tailstockbores.Toinstall the cen-
ters,slide them intothe boreswith a firm,swift movement.
Theywill be furthersecured when aworkpieceissqueezed
between the centers.
REMOVAL OF SPUR CENTER FROM SPINDLE
•To remove the spur centerfromthe spindle, insert the cen-
ter removalrod intothe spindle and gentlytap the center
out.Refer to Figure 4.
Spur Center
R_ure 4 - Spur Center RBmovzd
REMOVAL OF BEARING CENTER FROM RAM
•To remove bearing center from tall atock quill, insert the
center remavai rod into the quill and gently tap the center
out.Refer to Figure 5.
Beanng
_r
Removal Rob
RRure 5
POWER SOURCE
WARNING: Do nat connectwood lathetothe power source
untilall assemply steps have been completed,
The motorisdesignedforoperationontheveltageand IreqnenoJ
spedled.NotTnatloadswillbe handledsafelyan voltagesnot
morethan10% aboveorbelowspecifiedvolage. Ruanklgthe
un! onvoltageswhichare notwthin rangemaycauseoverheat-
n:j and motorburn-out.Heavyloadsrequirethatvoltageat mator
terminalsbe nolessthanIhevoltagespecified onnamepla_.
•Powersupplyto the motoriscontrolledby a single polelock-
ingrod_r switch.Rerno_ the kayinthe rockerswitch topre-
ventunauthorizeduse.
4

GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING: Improper conr_dion d equipmed grounding con-
ductor can ras.J inthe dsk d electrical shod<.Eq_ment should
be grounded while in use to protect operstor from eleddcal shock.
•Check with a qualified elestdcian if grounding instructions
are not understood or iin doubt as to whether the tool is
propedy grounded.
• This tool is equipped with as appmvad 3*conductor cord
rated at 300V and a 3-prong grounding type plug (see Figure
6) for your protection against shock hazards.
pmpedy Grounded Outlet
Grounding Prong
3-prong Plug __
Rgum 6 - 3-1ProngRmceptado
Groundingplugshouldbe plugged directlyintoa properly
installedand grounded3-preeg grounding-typereceptacle,
as shown (Figure6).
•Do notran'x_e or alter groundingprong in anymanner.In
the eventot a maitunctionor breakdown,groundingpro-
vides a path ot least resistancefor electricalshock.
WARNING: Do notpermit lingers to touchthe terminalsot
plug when installingor removing lrem outlet.
•Plugmustbe pluggedintomatchingoutistthatis propeby
instaled ondgroundedin accordancewithal localcodasand
ordinances.Do notmodly plugprovided.If itwillnO[ft in
outlet,haveproperoutletinstalledby a qual|led electrician.
•Inspecttoolcordspedodicellyand if damaged, have them
repairedby an authorized seP.'iceIacitity.
•Green (or green and yellow)conductorin cord is the
groundingwire. If repairor replacementofthe electriccord
or plugis necessary, do not conned the green (orgreen
and yellow)wire to aliveterminal.
•Where a2-prong wall receptacleisencountered,it mustbe
replacedwith a properlygrounded:)-prongreceptacle
installedin accordancewith National Electdc Code and
local codes and ordinances.
WARNING: This work should be pedormed by e qualified
electrician.
A temporary 3-preng to 2..prenggroundingadapter(see
Figure7) isavailableforconsentingplugsto a twopole outlet
ifit isproperlygrounded.
Do not use a 3-preng to 2-preng groundingadaptor unless
permittedby local and national codas and ord'mances.
(A3-prongto 2-pronggroundingadapter isnot permitted
inCanada,) Where permitted,the rigidgreen tab or term'l-
natonthe side ot the adaptermust be securelyconnected
to a permanent electricalground suchas a propedy
groundedwater pipe, aproperlygroundedoutlet b_( or a
properlygroundedwire system.
•Many coverplate screws,water pipes and outletbosasare
notproperlygrounded.Toensure proper ground,grounding
means mustbe testedby a qualifiedeleotrician,
Qmunding Lug M_<e Sum
This Is
Adspter_ __ConnectedTo
_A Kqown
3-Prong Ground
2-Prong Receptacle
Rgure 7 - 2-Prong Receptacle with Adapter
EXTENSION CORDS
•The use of any extension cord will cause some drop in
volnge and loss of power.
•Wires of the _tension cord must be ol sutficisnt size to
carry the ourmnt and maintain adequate voltage,
•Use the table to determine the minimum wire size (A.W.G.)
extension cord.
•Use only 3-wire eadenslen cords h_iug 3-prong grounding
type plugs and 3-pob mceptasles which accept the tool plug.
•If the extension cord is worn, cut, or damaged in any way.
replace it immediately.
Extemdon Cord length Wire Size A.W.G.
Up to 25 tt..................................... 18
NOTE: Using extension cords over 25 It, long is not
recommended.
MOTOR
The wood lathe is assembled with rector and wiring installed.
Horsepower (Maximum Developed) ................... 1
Voltage ................................... 120/240
Amperes ..................................... 814
Hertz ........................................ 60
Phase ..................................... Single
RPM ....................................... 1725
Rotation (viewed Iron', mater shatt) ....... Counterclockwise
L1
120V IPower L2
1±
Rgure B -Wiling Schemstic
Green
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
WARNING: Make sureunit isoff and disconnectedfrom
powersourcebesominspectingany wiring.
The motoris installedand wiringconnectedas illustratedin
the widngschematic(see Figure8).
The latheisprewiredlot useon a 120 volt,60HZ powersupply.
The powerst4)plytothe motoris controlledby a singlepole
leddng roder swich.
5

The powerlines are inserteddirectly ontothe switch.The
0teen groundline must remain securelyfastenedto the freme
to properlyprotect againstelectricalshock.
•Removethe key to preventunauthorizeduse.
240 VOLT OPERATION
• To use the lathe with a 240V, single-phase pov,,er supply,
have s qualified electrician attach a 240 volt. 15A 3-prong
plug Onto lathe line cord and install the proper connectors
and receptacles to power supply.
•See wiring diagram (Figure 9) for wiring instructions.
C3C 2
__L_
C 4 )
L1 1_ _
_2)
L1 240V 1.2
Figure 9-Wiring S<d'lemallc
Referto Figures10 - 74.
DESCRIPTION
Craftsman 36" variable speed wood latheprovidescapability
toturn woodenworkpieces upto 36' longand 4" diameter.
This lathe can also turn b_wls upto 12" diameterand 4"
thick.The motorrofstosat 1725 RPM and the spindle speeds
are 380-2150 RPM. Outboard spindle allows convenientout-
boardturning of bowls up to 15"diameter.
SPECIFICATIONS
Turninglength (max.) ............................ 38"
Bowldiareeter(max.)............................12"
Overalllength................................. 60_
Overallheight................................. 13"
Width ....................................... 15"
Inboard SpindleSpeed ............... 380 to2150 RPM
OutboardSpindle Speed ................ 190-1075 RPM
SpindleTaper................................. 1MT
SpindleThreed................................ 1".-8
TailStock Taper............................... 1MT
Switch ........................... SP, Lockingrocker
Motor .......................... 120/240V, 8/4 AMPS
Weight ................................... 130 bs
WARNING: Operationof any powertoolcan result in foreign
objects being throwninto the eyes, whichcan result in severe
eye damage. Alwayswear satety goggles complyingwith
UnitesStatesANSI Z87.1 (shown onpaskage) beforecom-
mencingpower tooloperation.Salaty gogglesate availableat
Sears retail storesor catalog.
CAUTION: Always Observethe followingsafelyprecautions:
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
•Whenever adjustingor replacing anyparts onthe tool, turn
switchOFF and remove theplug frompower source,
• FlesheckallIoddnghandles,Thay mustbe tightensdseoJraly.
• Mak_ sure allmovingparts are free and clear of any
intederence.
• Mal® s_.a'eal fastonarsam tightand have nctvbratedloose.
• With powerdisconnected,test eperetion by handforclear-
ance and adjustit necessary.
•Alwayswear eye protectionorface shield.
•Alter turningswitchon, alwaysallow the spindle to come
upto lullspeed before turning.
•Be suremeter runscounterclockwisewhen viewing spindle
fromthe rightend (inboardside of headstock).
•Keep handsclear of spindle,centers, faceplates and other
reeving partsof machine.
•For optimum performance,do not stall motoror reduce
speed. Do not forcethe toolintothe work.
ON-OFF SWITCH
Refer toFigure 19.
Power supplyto the lathe iscontrolledby the lockingrocker
switch.To turnlatheon:
• Pullred_r snitchuptothe ON position.
Toturn lathe_f:
•Switchoffthe rockersNitCh.
The rocker switch hase removable_to preventunsetho-
dzBd use or accidentalstart-upof the lathe.Removingthe kay
will !ockthe lathe from use.
To lock the lathe:
•Switchoffthe rockerswitch.
•Disconnectthe linecordlram powersource.
•Pullout the removablekey.The key has the words,
"Remove to Lock".
•Store key in a sale pla_e
NOTE: With the kay removed,the rockercan be "ROCKED",
butthe switchcannot be actuated,
Tounlockthe Isthe:
•Positionthe rockerin the OFF pneltinn.
•Insertthe key intothe rocker,
•Connect line cord topower source.
•The switch cannow be actuated.
•_Spindle
Rgum 10 RemovableI_ _/ _Roc_erSwltch
CHANGING SPEEDS
Tovaly spindlespeeds, rotatespeed controlImopto the
desiredsetting.The speed label on the headstock shows
inboardspindlespeeds in black and outboardspindle speeds
in red.Refer tospeed chartfar specific turningoperations.
CAUTION: Change speeds only while motoris running.
6

SPINDLE TURNING
If you have never done any amountot wood turning,we sug-
gest thatyou practiceusing the variouswood turningtools.
Start witha smallspindleturning.
Be sureto studythe follo_vingpages ofthis manuel.They
explainand illustratethe correctuse at the turning tools,the
positioningot the tool rest, and other informationto help you
gaine_pedence.
•Selecta plese ot wood 2"x 2" x 12".
•Drawdiagonallines on each end to locatethe centers.
Diagonal Unes on
Both Ends
•Observe the speed chart (see page 14). For example, a 2"
square turning uP to 18" long should run at 1100 RPM for
"roughing'. Rotate the wood by hand to make sum that the
corners do not strike tim tool rest and verify that the index-
ing pin is not engaged.
Rgure 11
•On one end, make asaw cut epprosJn'_ely 'A," deep on
each diagonal line,This isfor the spor o_nter,
•The other end uses the bearing center. Place the point ot
the bearing center on the wood where the diagonal lines
cross`
•Drivethe bearingcenter intothe wood.Use a wooden mat-
let or a plastic hammer, butput a piece of wood onthe end
ofthe bearing centerto prctect itfrom harm.
Rgum 12
• Remove the bearing center and drivethe spur center into
the otherend ofthe wood. Make sum the spurs are inthe
saw cuts.Remove the spur center.
•Make surethe centers and the hole in thespindle and the
tailstock ramare clean. Insertthe spurcenter intothe
headstock and the bearingcenter intothe tail atock.Tsp
them in lightlywith a piece ot wood. Do not drivethem in.
•IIthe tall stock centeris not ot the ball bearingtype, puta
dropof oil or wax an thewood where itcontactsthe cen-
ter.This willIt_,ricatethe woodwhile it is tumiag.
•Placethe woodbetweenthe centers andlockthe t6ilstock.
•Movethe bearingcenterintothe woodby turningthe hand
wheel. Make surethat the bearingcenterand spur center
=seated"into thewood inthe holesmadeeadier.Rotate
the woodby handwhileturningthe handwheel.
•Adjustthe toolrest approximately',_"away fromthe cor-
nersof the wood and %"shove the centerline.Note the
angledpositionof the toolrestbase. Lockthe toolrest
base and the tool rest.
Rgure 13
1_ _'
,oo°
TOOL REST _._
Rgure 14
INDEXING
Referto Figume15,
The spinulepu[k3yhas24 agu_Jlyspaced slots(15°apart).The
irides(pinpsssesthroughthe headstockengageswithonect the
24 slotsemdlocksthespindlefromturningwhileyouput amark
on thewod_lec_
iSlots
Rgure lS
Forexample, to locatethe positionot sixflutes on a cylinder:.
• Openthe rearcaver.
• Pushindexpin untilthe indexpin engages one ef the 24
slats inthe spindle pulley.
•Adjustthe 12" toolmeattothe centerlineot the workplece
and make emark.
•Pullindexpin outtorelease pin,Slowly rotatethe work-
piece untilpin is located60" (4 holes) from initial position.
Engage indexpin intothe pulleyand place another mark
on the workpiece.
•Continuethese stepsuntilthere are 6 marks onthe work-
piece.
•Bowlturningsor wheel turningscan be marked inthe
S_ rn_qReL
WARNING: The indexingpin mustbe disengagedfor all
nther operations on the lathe,
OUTBOARD TURNING
This technique mat_s it possible to do jobs on this machine
that are too large to mount conventionally. It is straight forward
laospiste turning, except, because of the work size, caution
must be talon and speeds must be restricted to minimums. If
you anticipate doing outboard turning you must use a bowl
turning rest (see Recommended Accessories, page 27). The
bowl turning rest is attached to the lathe bed. See Figure 16,
page 8.
7

figure 16 - Bowl Turning Rest
Rgure19 Cuttin S "
CAUTION: Do not try topush this support when cutting.Do
nottry to mountwork so large that the motor must strain to
turnit. If youwish to experimentwith thistechnique,do so
with softwoods.Let the heavier, herder wood come later.
USING WOODWORKING CHISELS
Many operationsrequirethat the cuttingchiselsbe used for
scraping,but scraping chiselsare practicallynever used for
cutting.Scrapingdullsa chiselmuch faster, especiallythe
razorsharp cuttingchisels.
Cuttingisfaster than scrapingandproduces asmootherfinish
whichrequireslesssanding.However,it isfar more difficultto
master.Scraping,on the other hand, islar more preciseand
easier to control.
SELECTION OF CHISELS
Betterchiselshave handles approximately10" longtoprovide
plentynt gripand leverage.Sharptoolsare essentialIordean,
easywork.Select toolsthatwilltake and holdkeen edges.
GOUGE SKEW PA_TfNG T_04_
SPEA fl POINT FLATNOSE ROUND NOSE
Figure| 7 -The Six CommonlyUsedChimlTypes
THEORY OF TURNING
The twoclasses ot chisels are those intendedpdmadlyIor
cutting,and chisels usedonly forscraping,
• The cuttingchisels are the gouge, skewand partingtool.
These are the mostused.They are commonlysharpened
to a razor edge by honingon both sides.
•The scrapingchiselsare the flat n_e, roundnose and
spear point.These are not honedon the flat sides- the
wire edgesproduced by grindingare felt on to aidin the
scrapingprocess.
Cutting Chisel Scraping Chisel
Rgum 18
Cutting and Scraping
•To cut, the chisel is held so that the sharp edge actually
digs into the revolving work to peel otf shavings.
• To scrape, the chisel is held at a dgN angle to the work sur-
lace. This tool remcves fine particles instead of shavings.
WhenYou Can Cut andWhanYou Must Scrape
There are twoditlemnt approaches:
• One sppr_ch istowardedrcunfemsce oftheworkpiece_or
exampleturningdowntheoutersurfaced a cylinderor the
innerwallda hollowroundbex).In thisapproach,thesulfase
hek'igturnedtravelsunderthechisel edgelikean endlessbelt.
•The secondapproachistowardthe diameterda workpiece
(aswhen turningthefaced a fsceplate turning,orthe sided
a largeshoulderon aspindleturning).In thisapproach,the
sudscebeingturnedrotatesIke a discunderthechiseledge.
•Sometimesthe optirnum approachwill be a sent)ination of
both methods.
t
Diameter
Approach
Rgum 20
Eithera cuttingor scrapingactioncanbe used when the
approachis towarda circumference- the shavingis mmaved
like a peelingfrom a potato.Scraping can only be usedwhen
the approachistowarda diameter.The mason is obvious
when you considerthatfaceplate turningpracticallyalways
requires removalof woodacrossthe grain,Wood does not
peel easily acrossthe grain and attemptsto useany inappro-
pdate cuttingmethodswilllikelymsul in damage tothe work-
piece.There isalso dangerthatthe toolcouldbe pulledfrom
the handsof the operator.
In general, a cueingactionis used for the majorityof spindle
turningoperations while taceplateturningisusuallyaccom-
plishedby the scrapingmethod.When a combination
approach isto be used,the operator will haveto judge, by the
feel ot the work,when tostopcuttingand start scraping.
Never try tocutwhen itbecomesdifficultto holdthe chisel
againstthe mughnese ofthe wood grain.
Haw to PosltlonTool Rest for Clrcurnterenoa Cutting
When cutting,the object isto piercethe outer skinof woodto
a certain desireddepthand thento holdthe chiselsteady
with the beveledge parallelto the workcimundemnceso that
itwillpeel oft ashaving at this desired depth,
8

• The only sure methodof holdingthe chiselsteady is to
mat the b_vel against the work(Figure 21A).When the toni
mat isat the proper height, the chiselcan be held withthe
bevelpressed againstthe work, and the tool restwill act
as afulcrum to support the chiselagainstthe downward
forceof the revolvingwork.
•If the rest is placed too low, so that thechisel is held with
the bevel out fromthe work (Figure21B), the cuttingedge
will continueto dig deeper intothe work.It will dig inuntil
the "bite" becomes so deep thatyour hands have difficuly
holdingthe chisel- then the improperlysupportedchisel
will beginto bounce or chatter against the workplace.
•ffthe rest is placed ton low,the chisel mustbe held
extremely high topositionthe bevel against the work
(Figure 21C).Then the rest losesrno_ of itsvalue as aful-
crumand the downwardforceofthe revolvingworkplecu
tends to kickthe chiselback out of yourhands.
Fig. 21A Rg, 21B Rg. 21C
No aJp_xt
ae_ _ S • .F_ Kickback/i
Xhr=, '_ Chan /d" Bev_ Kickba=_.
^_ml B_ _ • [pelnl
Ctlisel (_jn_g pl_er _ _ R_I Too L
Olbd TOU H G'lz_m dTOO Itl_h
Fig. 21D I_ Fig, 21E RI_ 21F
..... _I_R_ I Handle e
TooHi_
Rest Too D_IW31 * ChbalToo High
P_nl Too Fat From Rmt
Fig. 21G
Rgure 21
Ifthe restis placedtonhigh(Figure21D) and the chiselis
correctlyposlioned tar cutting,itstdkes the workplecunear
the topwhere the directionof torceeKartedby theworkplace
isnearly horizontal- and kickbackwillagain result.
•Ifthe rest isplaced too far out Iromthe work surface
(Figure21E), then, when correctlyheld, the chisel is again
ton highon the work.Also, you hawetessleverageonyour
side of the tool restand it iseven more difficultto holdthe
chisel.With large diameter work (Figure21F), the tool rest
canbe above the workplece centedine,and sornewhal out
from the work sudace,With small diameterwork (Figure
21G), the restshouldbe closertothework surface.As
workgrows smaller,the restshouldbe mpositioned.
How to Po_ltlon Tool Rest for Clmunfference Soraplng
In scrapingoperations,the toolrestpositionis not as critical
as it isfor cuttingoperations.
•The chiselgenerally is held horizontally,though itcan be
held at an angle to reach intotightplaces,Consideringthat
the wire edge of the chiseldoesthe scraping,Figures 22B
and 22(3 showthe resultsof ton low or ton higha position
forthe rest.
Fig, 22A
•ioe
c
figure 22
•Figure22A showsthe chiselactionwith the restcorrectly
positioned.
How to PoalUon Chisel and Rest for Diameter Scraping
When scraping on the diameter, that portico of sudase tothe
right of center is moving upward (Figure 23A). if a chisel is
placed in this area, it will simply be carrisd up oft the rest and
out of your hands.
• All diameter approach aparations must be done st the k_t
of center,
Three differentchiselcontactpoints are shownin Figure23B.
Itwill benotedthatwhen a chiselis abovethe workpieoscen-
ter (orbelowit) the work sudasesweeps pastthe chiseledge
at an angle and tends to carry the chisel in one directionor
the otheralongthe rest.
•Onlywhenthe chiselcentasts the work on the cehtedine,
doesthework surfacepass squarelyunderthe chisel
edge.This, then, is the positioninwhich it is easiest to
holdthe chiselsteady.To abtain this position,placethe
restagpreximataly 'k" (thicknessof chisel)balsw center.
Fill- 2SA FI w. 23B
Uw_
R
Rgum 23
UISING THE GOUGE
Three gouges,the 'k,',_and =k"sizes, are adequateforgener-
al hornesheptumieg, Other sizes from 'k to 2" canbe pur-
chased to providemore IleKibinty.
The chiefuse of the gouge is for roughcircumfarenoscutting
ofraw stock down to a cylinderofworfdngsize.It is best to
usethis toolfor rapidcuttingaway of large areas ofthe work-
piece.When the tool is usedthisway, it doesnot producea
smoothsudace,With practice,the gougecan be usedforcut-
tingcovesand the shapingof longcats.
CuttingEdge
P_fflt
Hgum 24
•When ussdfor o-tting,thegougeisalwaysheldwiththecon-
veKsidedown.Itshould he rolledapprodmatel),30=to45_in
thedirectioninwhich| is beingadvancedalongthe restand
thecuttingedge shouldhe slightlyaheadct thehandle.
9

USING THE SKEW
• Two skews, the '/zand 1" sizes, am all that are needed for
general use. Other sizes are avallsble,
This tool isnearly always used to ma_ fbished cuts, to cut vees
and beads, and to square shoulders. Properly used, i produces
the best finish that can he obtained with a chisel. It is not recom-
mended for scraping because the edge tends to dul more qalddy.
For finish cutting, the skew is held with the cutting edge
considerably in advance of the handle, bevel side down.
Keep the base ol the bevel against the work. It is good
practice is to place the skew well o_,er the wod_, pull it back
until the edge begins to cut, then owing the handle into
position to advance the cut.
Both the toe and the heal d the slew can be used for taking light
cuts, but do not penetrate the wood too deeply without cutting
_s.There is danger ol burring the tip of the tooL
Rgure25
USING THE PARTING TOOL
The pwting tool has just one prrnaw purpose: to cut into the
workpiece as deeply as desired, or all the way through to make a
aJt-off, It is,the_ore, avery narrow tool ak" wide) and shaped to
cut its own clearance so that the edge will not he burned.When
used for scraping, however, the parting tool should be backed off
regularly to prevent overheating.
Unli_ the gouge and slew, the parting tool is seldom hatd with
the beval against the work. Since the _nt of stock removal is
small, a support for the bevel is not neoes_y.
The tool is simply led into the work at an angle (for cutting), or
pointed at the workpleoe center (Ior scraping). It can be held eas-
ily in one hand. Cutting Scraping
4--,,
USINGTHE SCRAPING CHISELS
• A '/l' wide spear point chisel, a '/z"wide round nose chisel,
and a 1" wide flat nose chisel complete the list of tools
ordinarily used by crattsmen and hobbyists.
Each of these scraping chisels can be purchased in various
other sizes Ior special purposes. All am very useful for diame-
ter scraping operations and for circumference scraping when
cutting methods cannot be employed.
•The spear point is used for line soraping and delicate oper-
ations such as the forming of beads, parallel grooves and
shallow vses.
• Edges and bowl contours can be rounded with the round
nose chisel.
•Any flat sudacacan be scrapedwiththe flat nose chisel.
Spear Round Flat nose
Point Nose
figure 27
USING SHAPER OR MOULDING KNIVES
•An old chisel can be made to serve as a holder for shaper
or moulding knives.
Such knives male it possible to scrape many interesting
shades into the workpiece surface using _or two operations
instead of the many operations required wih standard chisels.
it is generally not practical to use cutting mathods with spedal
shape tools. Scraping methods should he used instead.
•The holder should provide a shoulder against which the
butt end of lhe krlite can be firmly seated,The knife must
be securely mounted, either by means nt a screw threaded
into the holder, or by compressing it between two prongs
bolted together.
USING A BLOCK PLANE
Clear, glass.smooth linishes (especially on softwoods) can be
obtained by using a block plane sat to take a fine shaving.
•The tool rest should be raised up apprasimately to the top
of the workplece - and the plane should be horizontal, but
turned slightly in the direction of travel so that it will tale a
shearing cut,
•Two tool rests, one in front and the other behind the work, can
be used to advantage in p_itioning the plane so as to eKaotly
limit the dep(h of cut (and fi_ size of the wod_piece).
Rgum 2g
USING WOOD RASPS AND FILES
•A wood rasp will remove stock quickly when held against
the revolving workpisce. Cam should be talen to support
the rasp firmly against the tool rest. An improperly held
rasp, when used on a rough sudaoe, can kick back and
cause operalor injury,
•The rasp will leave avery rough finish.
•Finer finishes (similar to those produced by scraping) can
be obtained by using files in the same manner. Various
types of files can be used for shaping vees, beads, caves,
eLc. if pressed too hard into the wood, some files can burn
the workpiece.
•Keep the file clean to keep it cutting uniformly. Files work
best on hardwoods.
10