Diamond DA20-C1 Manual

DIAMOND DA20-C1
OPERATING PROCEDURES
HIGH ASPECT FLIGHT TRAINING
Part of WEM Aviation

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Summary of Major Changes
Revision 6
Power-Off Stalls, Power-On Stalls, Accelerated Stalls
•Added requirement to “verbally acknowledge cues of the impending stall” to the descriptions of
actions required leading up to the recovery from a stall.
Soft Field Takeoff
•Revised description of rotation and pitch attitude description for consistency with FAA Private
and Commercial Pilot ACS.
Revision 7
Preflight
•Revised fueling procedures and baffle recommendations to reflect current practice.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIRCRAFT LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 4
NOTES.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
PREFLIGHT................................................................................................................................................... 5
TAXI ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
PATTERN PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................... 7
NORMAL/CROSSWIND TAKEOFF .......................................................................................................... 7
TRAFFIC PATTERN ................................................................................................................................. 8
SOFT FIELD TAKEOFF............................................................................................................................. 9
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF ........................................................................................................................ 10
NORMAL/CROSSWIND LANDING........................................................................................................ 11
SOFT FIELD LANDING .......................................................................................................................... 12
SHORT FIELD LANDING........................................................................................................................ 13
FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING ........................................................................................................... 14
GO-AROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 14
PRIVATE FLIGHT MANEUVERS .................................................................................................................. 15
STEEP TURNS....................................................................................................................................... 16
SLOW FLIGHT ...................................................................................................................................... 17
POWER-OFF/APPROACH TO LANDING STALL..................................................................................... 18
POWER-ON/TAKEOFF AND DEPARTURE STALL .................................................................................. 19
TURNS AROUND A POINT ................................................................................................................... 20
S-TURNS .............................................................................................................................................. 21
RECTANGULAR COURSE...................................................................................................................... 22
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................................... 23
EMERGENCY DESCENT ........................................................................................................................ 23
EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING ............................................................................................ 24
INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES...................................................................................................................... 25
INSTRUMENT APPROACH ................................................................................................................... 25
HOLDING PROCEDURES ...................................................................................................................... 26
COMMERCIAL FLIGHT MANEUVERS ......................................................................................................... 27
ACCELERATED STALL ........................................................................................................................... 28
LAZY EIGHTS ........................................................................................................................................ 29
CHANDELLES ....................................................................................................................................... 30
STEEP SPIRALS..................................................................................................................................... 31
EIGHTS ON PYLONS............................................................................................................................. 32
POWER OFF 180° ACCURACY LANDING.............................................................................................. 33

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AIRCRAFT LIMITATIONS
AIRSPEED
Airspeed Definition Marking Knots
Vso*...................................................... Stall Speed in Landing Configuration........................ Bottom of White Arc ................................. 36
Vs1* ................................................ Stall Speed in Clean Configuration ......................Bottom of Green Arc ............................44
Vr .................................................... Rotation Speed.................................................... Not Indicated........................................44
Vx (Flaps T/O).................................. Best Angle of Climb Speed................................... Not Indicated........................................ 57
Vx (Flaps CRUISE)............................. Best Angle of Climb Speed...................................Not Indicated........................................ 60
Vy (Flaps T/O).................................. Best Rate of Climb Speed ....................................Not Indicated........................................68
Vy (Flaps CRUISE) ............................ Best Rate of Climb Speed ....................................Not Indicated........................................ 75
Vfe (Flaps T/O) ................................ Maximum Flaps Extended Speed ........................Not Indicated ..................................... 100
Vfe (Flaps LDG)................................ Maximum Flaps Extended Speed ........................ Top of White Arc ..................................78
Va* .................................................. Maneuvering Speed ............................................ Not Indicated...................................... 106
Vno ................................................Maximum Structural Cruising Speed ...................Top of Green Arc ................................ 118
Vne.................................................. Never Exceed Speed............................................ Red Line.............................................. 164
Maximum Glide............................................................................................................ Not Indicated ....................................... 73
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Component ...................................................................................................................... 20
*Indicated speed at maximum gross weight
WEIGHT
Maximum Ramp Weight ...................................................................................................................................................1770 lbs
Maximum Takeoff Weight ................................................................................................................................................. 1764 lbs
MaximumLandingWeight................................................................................................................................................. 1764 lbs
Maximum Weight in Baggage Area.......................................................................................................................................44 lbs
LOAD FACTOR
Maximum Positive Load Factor:
Flaps Cruise ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4.4
Flaps T/O or LDG ................................................................................................................................................................ 2.0
Maximum Negative Load Factor:
Flaps Cruise ..........................................................................................................................................................................................-2.2
Flaps T/O or LDG ................................................................................................................................................................ 0.0
FUEL
Total Fuel Quantity......................................................................................................................................................24.5 gallons
Usable Fuel.................................................................................................................................................................. 24.0 gallons
Unusable Fuel................................................................................................................................................................0.5 gallons

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NOTES
1. In the following procedures, phrases to be verbalized are indicated in quotations.
2. In-flight checklists are to be performed from memory as a flow and then verified using the
checklist. Boxed items included in the following procedures and in the emergency checklists are to
be performed from memory.
3. Completion standards listed in the following procedures are not comprehensive. Reference the
appropriate test standard. Differences between Private and Commercial standards are indicated
when appropriate.
PREFLIGHT
1. When getting into the aircraft, step only on the exterior step and the floorboard in the cockpit. Do
not step directly on the aircraft seat. Use only the handholds located on the back of the instrument
panel.
2. The canopy may remain open while conducting the preflight but must be closed and latched prior to
starting the engine.
3. Do not place headsets, flight bags, or other items on the wings that may cause scratches to the
composite material.
4. The standard fuel load for the Diamond is 24 gallons. However, certain aircraft will be fueled only
upon request to be available if needed for weight and balance reasons.
5. Freedom of movement of the flight controls should be checked from inside the cabin by moving the
control stick. Do not move the control surfaces by hand.
6. When adjusting the rudder pedals, ensure the adjustment cable is pulled straight-out, not at an
upward angle which may cause fraying of the cable.
7. No baffles should be installed above 0 °C. Between 0 °C and -10 °C, only the inlet baffles should be
installed. Below -10 °C, both inlet and outlet baffles should be installed. Be sure to consider the
potential for changes in temperature during flight when selecting the appropriate baffles to install.

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TAXI
1. Flight controls should be positioned considering existing wind conditions.
2. All taxi operations must be conducted with reference to an appropriate airport diagram.
3. During the day, strobe lights should be illuminated for taxi operations. At night, position lights
should be illuminated at all times, and strobe lights should be illuminated prior to operating on
airport taxiways or runways. Use caution when using strobe lights at night on ramp areas so as not
to create a hazard to other aircraft.
4. Before crossing any runway or taxiway, visually check for aircraft that may present a hazard and
verbalize, “Clear Left, Clear Right, Cleared to Cross.”

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PATTERN PROCEDURES
NORMAL/CROSSWIND TAKEOFF
Procedures
1. Perform the Engine Run-Up and Before Takeoff checklists and review the Takeoff checklist prior to
crossing the hold short line.
2. The takeoff briefing should include a review of procedures and airspeeds for the takeoff and climb,
including initial altitude and on-course heading. The emergency procedures for an engine failure
during the takeoff run and engine failure immediately after takeoff should be reviewed.
3. Taxi onto the runway and align the aircraft with the runway centerline. Verify the runway heading
agrees with the compass and the flight controls are positioned correctly for the existing wind
conditions. Smoothly apply full throttle while maintaining directional control.
4. Verify the tachometer is indicating at least 2000 RPM and the airspeed indicator is increasing.
Verbalize, “Airspeed Alive.”
5. The elevator should be neutral during the beginning of the takeoff roll. Back pressure should be
applied to rotate at 44 knots.
6. Initial climb should be performed at 68 knots up to 400 AGL.
7. Upon reaching 400 AGL, retract the flaps to cruise and accelerate to climb at 75 knots.
Completion Standards
✓Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain Vy +10/-5 knots (Private) or Vy +/- 5 knots
(Commercial).
✓Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

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TRAFFIC PATTERN
If remaining in the pattern:
1. Begin turn to crosswind past the departure end of the runway within 300 feet of pattern altitude.
2. Upon reaching pattern altitude, pitch for level flight and accelerate to 90 knots. Reduce power to
maintain 90 knots (approximately 2000 RPM).
3. Proceed with Normal, Short Field, or Soft Field approach and landing procedures, as required.
If departing the pattern:
1. Begin turn on course past the departure end of the runway within 300 feet of pattern altitude, or as
directed by Air Traffic Control.
2. At a non-towered airport, depart straight out, or with a 45° turn in the direction of the pattern once
reaching pattern altitude. The turn on course may be started once an altitude of 500 feet above
pattern altitude is reached.
3. When reaching a distance of at least 3 NM from the departure airport, verify the Climb checklist is
complete.

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SOFT FIELD TAKEOFF
Procedures
(Procedures are identical to that of the Normal Takeoff, except as noted.)
1. Hold full aft elevator while taxiing onto runway.
2. Maintain taxi speed while aligning the airplane with the runway centerline. Do not stop unless
required by ATC. Verify the runway heading agrees with the compass and the flight controls are
positioned correctly for the existing wind conditions.
3. Smoothly apply full throttle and maintain full aft elevator during initial takeoff roll, using minimal
braking.
4. Verify the tachometer is indicating at least 2000 RPM and the airspeed indicator is increasing.
Verbalize, “Airspeed Alive.”
5. As the controls become more effective, release back pressure as necessary while maintaining a
pitch attitude allowing the wings to support the weight of the aircraft as early as possible. Back
pressure must be released quickly enough to ensure the nose does not rise to a pitch attitude that
could result in a tail strike.
6. Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the airplane from the wheels
to the wings as rapidly as possible.
7. Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect while accelerating to Vx or Vy, as
appropriate.
8. Establish a pitch attitude for Vx or Vy, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed during the
climb.
Completion Standards
✓Taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed consistent with safety without stopping.
✓Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions and to maximize lift as quickly as
possible.
✓Maintains a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the airplane to the wings as rapidly as
possible.
✓Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect until Vx or Vy.
✓Establishes a pitch attitude for Vx or Vy +10/-5 knots (Private) or +/- 5 knots (Commercial).

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SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF
Procedures
(Procedures are identical to that of Normal Takeoff, except as noted.)
1. Taxi onto the runway utilizing maximum available takeoff area. Verify the runway heading agrees
with the compass and the flight controls are positioned correctly for the existing wind conditions.
2. Hold the brakes while smoothly applying full throttle and verify the tachometer is indicating at least
2000 RPM.
3. Release the brakes, verify the airspeed indicator is increasing. Verbalize, “Airspeed Alive.”
4. Apply back pressure to rotate at 44 knots and to lift off at 52 knots.
5. Pitch for 58 knots until obstacles are cleared, or until reaching an altitude of 50 feet.
6. Pitch for 68 knots and resume normal climb procedures.
Completion Standards
✓Taxies into takeoff position using maximum available takeoff area.
✓Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.
✓Applies brakes while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.
✓Maintains airspeed +10/-5 knots (Private) or +5/-0 knots (Commercial) until 50 feet above the
surface or the obstacle is cleared.
✓After clearing the obstacle, accelerates to and maintains Vy +10/-5 knots (Private) or +/- 5 knots
(Commercial).

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NORMAL/CROSSWIND LANDING
Procedures
1. Ensure the Approaching Airport Checklist is complete and pattern altitude is reached prior to two
miles from the airport.
2. Enter the traffic pattern at a 45° angle to the downwind leg, abeam the midpoint of the runway, or
as directed by Air Traffic Control.
3. On downwind, adjust power for 90 knots (approximately 2000 RPM).
4. Abeam the touchdown point, reduce throttle as necessary to begin the appropriate descent rate
(approximately 1500 RPM), verify airspeed below 100 knots, and extend flaps to T/O. Trim for 80
knots.
5. On base, trim for 70 knots. Verify airspeed below 78 knots, and extend the flaps to LDG.
6. Turn final, trim for 55 knots (not to exceed 60 knots) with wind gust factor applied, and maintain a
stable approach as defined below:
• Approach speed +/- 5 knots
• Aircraft within the lateral boundaries of the runway
• Glidepath allowing an approach at a normal descent rate using normal maneuvers (no
slipping, diving, or excess power required)
• Touchdown to occur within the first third of a specified landing area
7. At 200 AGL, verify the aircraft meets the above stable approach criteria and verbalize, “Stable,
Continue” or “Unstable, Go-around.”
8. Reduce the power to idle during the flare and touchdown with the airplane aligned with and over
the runway centerline.
9. During roll-out, maintain directional control with the rudder. Brakes may be used at airspeeds
below 45 knots. Ensure the flight controls are positioned correctly for existing wind conditions.
10. Exit the runway at the first available intersection or as directed by ATC. After clearing the runway
and coming to a complete stop, perform the After Landing Checklist.
Completion Standards
✓Maintains traffic pattern altitude +/- 100 feet and appropriate airspeed +/- 10 knots.
✓Maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed +10/-5 knots (Private) or +/- 5 knots
(Commercial).
✓Touches down smoothly at the approximate stall speed within 200 feet (Commercial) beyond a
specified point with no drift, over and aligned with the centerline.
✓Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.

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SOFT FIELD LANDING
Procedures
(Procedures are identical to that of Normal Landing, except as noted.)
1. Turn final, trim for 55 knots (not to exceed 60 knots) with wind gust factor applied, and maintain a
stable approach as defined below:
• Approach speed +/- 5 knots
• Aircraft within the lateral boundaries of the runway
• Glidepath allowing an approach at a normal descent rate using normal maneuvers (no
slipping, diving, or excess power required)
• Touchdown to occur within the first third of a specified landing area
2. At 200 AGL, verify the aircraft meets the above stable approach criteria and verbalize, “Stable,
Continue” or “Unstable, Go-around.”
3. Flare to hold the airplane above the runway as long as possible, allowing maximum forward speed
to dissipate prior to touchdown.
4. Allow the weight of the aircraft to be transferred smoothly from the wings to the wheels. The
aircraft should touchdown softly in a nose-high pitch attitude at the lowest airspeed possible.
5. After the main wheels touch down, back elevator pressure should be increased as necessary to hold
the nose wheel off the surface. Allow the nose wheel to drop to the runway only after full aft
elevator is reached.
6. Maintain full aft elevator during the rollout and taxi. Ensure the flight controls are positioned
correctly for existing wind conditions.
7. Use brakes below 45 knots only if necessary and maintain extra power if needed to continue
moving on the soft field until clear of runway.
Completion Standards
✓Maintains traffic pattern altitude +/- 100 feet and appropriate airspeed +/- 10 knots.
✓Maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed +10/-5 knots (Private) or +/- 5 knots
(Commercial).
✓Touches down softly at the approximate stall speed with no drift, and with the airplane aligned with
the centerline.
✓Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
✓Maintains proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi on the soft surface.

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SHORT FIELD LANDING
Procedures
(Procedures are identical to that of Normal Landing, except as noted.)
1. On final, trim for 55 knots. Adjust power as necessary to ensure obstacles are cleared and
touchdown will occur at the specified point.
2. Maintain a stable approach as defined below:
• Approach speed +/- 5 knots
• Aircraft within the lateral boundaries of the runway
• Glidepath allowing an approach at a normal descent rate using normal maneuvers (no
slipping, diving, or excess power required)
• Touchdown to occur within the first third of a specified landing area
3. At 200 AGL, verify the aircraft meets the above stable approach criteria and verbalize, “Stable,
Continue” or “Unstable, Go-around.”
4. Touchdown with idle power at minimum controllable airspeed with minimum float.
5. Apply maximum aerodynamic braking. Wheel brakes may be applied below 45 knots to stop in the
shortest distance consistent with safety. Ensure the flight controls are positioned correctly for the
existing wind conditions.
Completion Standards
✓Maintains traffic pattern altitude +/- 100 feet and appropriate airspeed +/- 10 knots.
✓Maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed +10/-5 knots (Private) or +/- 5 knots
(Commercial).
✓Touches down smoothly at minimum controllable airspeed, at or within 200 feet (Private) or 100
feet (Commercial) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the aircraft
aligned with and over the centerline.
✓Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
✓Applies brakes to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.

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FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING
Procedures
(Procedures are identical to that of Normal Landing, except as noted.)
1. Adjust pattern to ensure the aircraft is at a sufficient altitude on final to allow for the forward slip.
2. On final, reduce power to idle, apply aileron into the wind, full opposite rudder, and trim for 55
knots (not to exceed 60 knots).
3. Maintain the forward slip, demonstrating maximum descent rate, until the normal glidepath is
reached.
4. If necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of forward slip and transition to side slip for
landing.
5. Transition smoothly from the forward slip to a normal approach attitude, and continue with a
normal landing.
Completion Standards
✓Touches down within 400 feet beyond a specified point with no drift, and with the airplane aligned
with and over the centerline.
GO-AROUND
1. Apply full power, retract the flaps to T/O, and pitch for 58 knots.
2. Once a positive rate of climb is established and all obstacles have been cleared, transition to Vy.
3. Retract flaps to Cruise once an altitude of 400 AGL is reached, and proceed with normal climb
procedures.

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PRIVATE FLIGHT MANEUVERS
1. While traveling to the practice areas, configure the aircraft for cruise flight at a power setting
according to the Cruise Performance Table in the POH, and complete the Cruise checklist.
2. Prior to beginning maneuvers, perform the following Maneuver Flow:
Engine Gauges....................................Normal
Mixture...............................................Full Rich
Throttle ....................................................As required for 90 knots (Approximately 2000 RPM)
Flaps ...................................................Cruise
Fuel Pump ..........................................On
3. Ensure the area is clear of traffic by executing at least 180 degrees of clearing turns (one 180° turn
or two 90° turns).
4. Make a position report on the Parks Traffic frequency.
5. Perform the maneuver as described in this section.
6. Upon completion of the maneuver, reduce throttle to maintain 90 knots and resume straight and
level flight.

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STEEP TURNS
Procedures
1. Ensure Maneuver Flow and clearing turns have been completed.
2. Select ground reference point and note heading, altitude, and airspeed to be maintained.
3. Roll into a 45° bank (50° for commercial) using coordinated aileron and rudder.
4. Add back pressure as necessary to maintain altitude and power as necessary to maintain 90 knots.
5. Maintain a constant airspeed, altitude, and bank angle throughout a 360°turn.
6. Lead roll-out by approximately one-half the bank angle (20° to 25°) to ensure turn is completed on
entry heading. Reduce pitch and power as necessary to maintain airspeed and altitude.
7. Perform a 360° turn in opposite direction as described above.
Completion Standards
✓Establishes a safe airspeed not to exceed Va.
✓Maintains the entry altitude +/- 100 feet, airspeed +/- 10 knots, and bank +/- 5°.
✓Rolls out on the entry heading +/- 10°.

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SLOW FLIGHT
Entry Procedures
1. Ensure Maneuver Flow and clearing turns have been completed.
2. Select an entry altitude that will allow maneuver to be completed no lower than 1500 AGL, and
note the heading and altitude to be maintained.
3. Reduce power to 1200 RPM.
4. Verify airspeed below 100 knots and extend flaps to T/O (if specified).
5. Verify airspeed below 78 knots and extend flaps to Landing (if specified).
6. Maintain level flight and slow to an airspeed of approximately 50 to 55 knots, just above any buffet
or stall warning.
7. Increase power as necessary to maintain altitude and apply rudder and aileron as necessary to
maintain coordinated flight at a constant heading.
8. Adjust pitch and trim as necessary to maintain airspeed.
9. Perform turns, climbs, and descents as specified.
Recovery Procedures
1. Smoothly apply full power.
2. Decrease pitch as necessary to maintain altitude as airspeed increases.
3. Retract flaps in increments, if necessary.
4. Accelerate to cruise airspeed while maintaining altitude and heading.
Completion Standards
✓Selects altitude that will allow maneuver to be completed no lower than 1500 feet AGL.
✓Maintains an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or
reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
✓Maintains specified altitude +/- 100 feet (Private) or +/- 50 feet (Commercial), specified heading +/-
10°, and airspeed +10/-0 knots (Private) or +5/-0 knots (Commercial).

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POWER-OFF/APPROACH TO LANDING STALL
Entry Procedures
1. Ensure Maneuver Flow and clearing turns have been completed.
2. Select entry altitude that will allow maneuver to be completed no lower than 1500 AGL.
3. Reduce power to 1200 RPM.
4. Verify airspeed below 100 knots and extend flaps to T/O (if specified).
5. Verify airspeed below 78 knots and extend flaps to Landing (if specified).
6. Slow to final approach speed of 55 knots (65 knots with flaps retracted).
7. Establish a momentary stabilized descent to simulate approach to landing.
8. If performing a turning stall, establish a turn of up to 20° of bank.
9. Reduce power to idle and smoothly increase pitch (reducing airspeed at approximately 1 knot per
second) to an attitude that will induce a stall.
10. Maintain heading or bank angle (if turning).
11. Verbally acknowledge cues of the impending stall.
12. Recover after a fully developed (Private) stall occurs or at the first indication (Commercial) of an
impending stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.)
Recovery Procedures
1. Reduce the angle of attack, add full power, and level the wings (if necessary), while maintaining
coordination with the rudder.
2. Immediately retract flaps to T/O (if necessary).
3. Establish a climb at Vx or Vy.
4. Retract flaps to Cruise after reaching climb airspeed and verifying a positive rate of climb.
5. Return to specified altitude, heading, and airspeed.
Completion Standards
✓Selects altitude to allow completion of maneuver no lower than 1500 feet AGL.
✓Maintains specified heading +/-10° if in straight flight.
✓Maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20° if in turning flight.
✓Recognizes and recovers promptly with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane.

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POWER-ON/TAKEOFF AND DEPARTURE STALL
Entry Procedures
1. Ensure Maneuver Flow and clearing turns have been completed.
2. Select entry altitude that will allow maneuver to be completed no lower than 1500 AGL.
3. Reduce power to 1200 RPM.
4. Verify airspeed below 100 knots and extend flaps to T/O.
5. Maintain level flight while slowing to lift-off speed of 52 knots.
6. If performing a turning stall, establish a turn of up to 20° of bank.
7. Smoothly apply full power and increase pitch (reducing airspeed at approximately 1 knot per
second) to an attitude that will induce a stall.
8. Maintain heading or bank angle (if turning).
9. Verbally acknowledge cues of the impending stall.
10. Recover after a fully developed (Private) stall occurs or at the first indication (Commercial) of an
impending stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.)
Recovery Procedures
1. Reduce the angle of attack, and level the wings (if necessary), while maintaining coordination with
the rudder.
2. Establish a climb at Vx or Vy.
3. Retract flaps to Cruise after reaching climb airspeed and verifying a positive rate of climb.
4. Return to specified altitude, heading, and airspeed.
Completion Standards
✓Selects altitude to allow completion of maneuver no lower than 1500 feet AGL.
✓Maintains specified heading +/-10° if in straight flight while inducing the stall.
✓Maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20° if in turning flight.
✓Recognizes and recovers promptly with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane.

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TURNS AROUND A POINT
Procedures
1. Ensure Maneuver Flow has been completed and the aircraft is at an altitude allowing the maneuver
to be entered at 600 –1000 AGL.
2. Select a suitable point in an area free of obstacles with an emergency landing field within gliding
distance.
3. Perform clearing turns, positioning the aircraft downwind at an appropriate distance from the point
at 90 knots.
4. Enter a turn around the selected point, varying bank angle as necessary to maintain a constant
distance from the point:
a. When headed downwind, bank angle will be steepest due to the increased groundspeed.
b. As the turn is continued to an upwind heading, bank angle will need to be gradually
decreased.
c. As the aircraft returns to the original downwind heading, bank angle will need to be gradually
increased.
d. Ensure bank angle does not exceed 45° at any point.
5. Continue the maneuver to complete two or more complete circles around the point.
Completion Standards
✓Divides attention between aircraft control and ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
✓Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius around the selected reference
point.
✓Maintains entry altitude +/- 100 feet and airspeed +/- 10 knots.