Digi XBee ZigBee S2C User manual

XBee®/XBee-PRO S2C Zigbee®
RF Module
User Guide

Revision history—90002002
Revision Date Description
AH July 2021 Added safety instructions and UKCA labeling requirements.
AJ September 2021 Updated Mexican certifications.
AK October 2021 Added a part number for the updated S2C module.
AL November 2021 Added FCC and ISED part numbers. Added PS2C5 antenna table.
AM March 2022 Added translated safety instructions.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United States
and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of
their respective owners.
© 2022 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Customer support
Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following
information:
Product name and model
Product serial number (s)
Firmware version
Operating system/browser (if applicable)
Logs (from time of reported issue)
Trace (if possible)
Description of issue
Steps to reproduce
XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 2

Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.
Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
Feedback
To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to
[email protected]
Include the document title and part number (XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide,
90002002 AM) in the subject line of your email.
XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 3

Contents
XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide
Note on product naming 16
Applicable firmware and hardware 16
Firmware release notes 16
Safety instructions
Safety instructions 18
XBee modules 18
Инструкции за безопасност 18
XBee модули 18
Sigurnosne upute 19
XBee moduli 19
Bezpečnostní instrukce 19
moduly XBee 19
Sikkerhedsinstruktioner 20
XBee moduler 20
Veiligheidsinstructies 20
XBee-modules 20
Ohutusjuhised 21
XBee moodulid 21
Turvallisuusohjeet 21
XBee moduulit 21
Consignes de sécurité 22
Modules XBee 22
Sicherheitshinweise 23
XBee-Module 23
Οδηγίες ασφ αλείας 23
Biztonsági utasítások 24
XBee modulok 24
Istruzioni di sicurezza 24
Drošības instrukcijas 25
Saugos instrukcijos 25
XBee moduliai 25
Sikkerhetsinstruksjoner 26
XBee-moduler 26
Instrukcje bezpieczeństwa 26
Moduły XBee 26
Instruções de segurança 27
Módulos XBee 27
XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 4

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 5
Instructiuni de siguranta 28
module XBee 28
Bezpečnostné inštrukcie 28
moduly XBee 28
Varnostna navodila 29
XBee moduli 29
Módulos XBee 29
Säkerhets instruktioner 30
XBee-moduler 30
Technical specifications
Performance specifications 32
Power requirements 32
General specifications 32
Networking and security specifications 33
Communication interface specifications 33
Regulatory conformity summary 34
Serial communication specifications 36
UART pin assignments 36
SPI pin assignments 36
GPIO specifications 36
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 37
Hardware
Mechanical drawings 40
Pin signals for the surface-mount module 41
Pin signals for the through-hole module 44
EM357 pin mappings 45
Design notes 46
Power supply design 46
Board layout 46
Antenna performance 47
Recommended pin connections 47
Design notes for PCB antenna devices 48
Design notes for RF pad devices 49
Module operation for the programmable variant 52
Programmable XBee SDK
Programmable connections 54
Operation
Serial interface 57
UART data flow 57
Serial data 57
SPI communications 58
SPI operation 58
Serial port selection 59
Serial buffers 59
Serial receive buffer 60

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 6
Serial transmit buffer 60
UART flow control 60
CTS flow control 60
RTS flow control 61
Break control 61
Serial interface protocols 61
Transparent operating mode 61
API operating mode 61
Compare Transparent and API operation 62
Modes 63
Idle mode 64
Transmit mode 64
Receive mode 65
Command mode 65
Sleep mode 67
Zigbee networks
The Zigbee specification 69
Definitions 69
Zigbee node types 69
Zigbee protocol 70
Zigbee stack layers 70
Zigbee networking concepts 72
Device types 72
PAN ID 74
Operating channels 74
Zigbee application layers: in depth 75
Application Support Sublayer (APS) 75
Application profiles 75
Zigbee coordinator operation 76
Form a network 76
Security policy 77
Channel selection 77
PAN ID selection 77
Persistent data 77
Coordinator startup 77
Permit joining 78
Reset the coordinator 79
Leave a network 79
Replace a coordinator (security disabled only) 80
Example: start a coordinator 80
Example: replace a coordinator (security disabled) 81
Router operation 81
Discover Zigbee networks 81
Join a network 82
Persistent data 82
Zigbee router joining 82
Permit joining 83
Router network connectivity 84
End device operation 86
Discover Zigbee networks 86
Join a network 87
End device capacity 87
Persistent data 88

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 7
Orphan scans 88
End device joining 88
Parent connectivity 89
Reset the end device 89
Leave a network 90
Example: join a network 90
Zigbee channel scanning 90
Manage multiple Zigbee networks 91
Filter PAN ID 91
Configure security keys 91
Prevent unwanted devices from joining 91
Application messaging framework 92
Transmission, addressing, and routing
Addressing 94
64-bit device addresses 94
16-bit device addresses 94
Application layer addressing 94
Data transmission 94
Broadcast transmissions 94
Unicast transmissions 95
Address resolution 95
Address table 96
Group table 97
Binding transmissions 97
Address resolution 97
Binding table 97
Multicast transmissions 98
Address resolution 98
Fragmentation 98
Data transmission examples 98
Transparent mode 98
API mode 99
API frame 100
RF packet routing 100
Link status transmission 101
AODV mesh routing 102
Many-to-One routing 105
High/Low RAM Concentrator mode 105
Source routing 105
Encrypted transmissions 110
Maximum RF payload size 110
Throughput 112
Latency timing specifications 113
ZDO transmissions 113
Send a ZDO command 113
Receiving ZDO command and responses 114
Transmission timeouts 116
Unicast timeout 116
Extended timeout 117
Transmission examples 117

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 8
Zigbee security
Security modes 121
Zigbee security model 121
Network layer security 121
APS layer security 123
Trust center 124
Forming or joining a secure network 124
Implement security on the XBee/XBee-PRO Zigbee RF Module 124
Enabling security 125
Setting the network security key 125
Set the APS trust center link key 125
Enable APS encryption 125
Use a trust center 126
Security examples 126
Network commissioning and diagnostics
Place devices 128
Test links in a network - loopback cluster 128
RSSI indicators 129
Device discovery 129
Network discovery 129
ZDO discovery 129
Joining Announce 130
Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED 130
Commissioning pushbutton 130
Associate LED 131
Binding 132
End_Device_Bind_req 132
Example of a End_Device_Bind_req 135
Group Table API 135
Add Group command 135
View group 136
Get Group Membership 138
Remove Group 140
Remove All Groups 141
Default responses 143
Common status codes 143
Manage End Devices
End device operation 146
Parent operation 146
End Device poll timeouts 147
Packet buffer usage 147
Non-Parent device operation 148
End Device configuration 148
Pin sleep 149
Cyclic sleep 151
Recommended sleep current measurements 155
Achieve the lowest sleep current 155
Compensate for switching time 155
Internal pin pull-ups 156

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 9
Transmit RF data 156
Receiving RF data 156
I/O sampling 157
Wake end devices with the Commissioning Pushbutton 157
Parent verification 157
Rejoining 157
Router/Coordinator configuration 158
RF packet buffering timeout 158
Child poll timeout 158
Transmission timeout 159
Short sleep periods 159
Extended sleep periods 159
Sleep examples 159
Example 1: Configure a device to sleep for 20 seconds, but set SN such that the On/sleep
line will remain de-asserted for up to 1 minute 159
Example 2: Configure an end device to sleep for 20 seconds, send 4 I/O samples in 2
seconds, and return to sleep 160
Example 3: configure a device for extended sleep: to sleep for 4 minutes 160
Analog and digital I/O lines
Configurable I/O pins and configuration commands 163
XBee ZB through-hole RF module 163
I/O configuration 164
I/O sampling 165
Queried sampling 166
Periodic I/O sampling 167
Change detection sampling 167
RSSI PWM 167
I/O examples 168
PWM1 168
API Operation
API frame format 170
API operation (AP parameter = 1) 170
API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2) 170
Data bytes that need to be escaped: 171
Length 171
Frame data 171
Calculate and verify checksums 172
API examples 173
API serial exchanges 174
AT commands 174
Transmit and Receive RF data 175
Remote AT commands 175
Source routing 176
Device Registration 176
Send ZDO commands with the API 176
Example 178
Send Zigbee cluster library (ZCL) commands with the API 179
Example 182
Send Public Profile Commands with the API 184
Frame specific data 184

XBee/XBee-PRO® S2C Zigbee® RF Module User Guide 10
Example 187
Frame descriptions
Local AT Command Request - 0x08 191
Description 191
Format 191
Examples 191
Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09 193
Description 193
Examples 193
Transmit Request - 0x10 195
Description 195
Transmit options bit field 196
Examples 197
Explicit Addressing Command Request - 0x11 199
Description 199
64-bit addressing 199
16-bit addressing 199
Zigbee-specific addressing information 199
Reserved endpoints 200
Reserved cluster IDs 200
Reserved profile IDs 200
Transmit options bit field 201
Examples 202
Remote AT Command Request - 0x17 205
Description 205
Format 205
Examples 206
Create Source Route - 0x21 208
Description 208
Format 208
Examples 209
Local AT Command Response - 0x88 210
Description 210
Examples 210
Modem Status - 0x8A 212
Description 212
Examples 213
Extended Transmit Status - 0x8B 214
Description 214
Examples 215
Receive Packet - 0x90 217
Description 217
Examples 218
Explicit Receive Indicator - 0x91 219
Description 219
Examples 220
I/O Sample Indicator- 0x92 222
Description 222
Examples 223
XBee Sensor Read Indicator - 0x94 225
Node Identification Indicator - 0x95 228
Description 228
Examples 230