Digital Equipment CR11 User manual

CR11/CM11
card reader
system manual

(
(

CR11/CM11
card reader
system manual
EK-CRl1-TM-004
digital equipment corporation" maynard, massachusetts

1st Edition, October 1971
2nd Printing (Rev) March 1972
3rd Printing, January 1973
4th Printing, June 1973
5th Printing, January 197~
6th Printing (Rev), July 1975
Copyright © 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975
by Digital Equipment Corporation
The material in this manual is for information-
al purposes and is subject to change without
notice.
Printed
in U.S.A.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts: .
DEC
FLIP CHIP
DIGITAL
UNIBUS
PDP
FOCAL
COMPUTER LAB

CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1-1
1.2 Scope
1-1
1.3 Specifications
1-2
1.4 Maintenance
1-2
l.5 Engineering Drawings 1-4
1.6 Terminology
1-5
CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introduction
2-1
2.2 System Operation
2-1
2.3 Card Reader
2-1
2.4 CR 11 Controller
2-2
CHAPTER 3 OPERATION
3.1 Scope
3-1
3.2 Controls and Indicators
3-1
3.3 Card Handling Procedures
3-5
3.3.1 Loading Cards
3-5
3.3.2 Unloading Cards
3-5
3.3.3 Correcting Error Conditions
3-5
3.4 Operating Procedures
3-5
3.4.1 Off-Line Operation 3-6
3.4.2 On-Line Operation
3-7
CHAPTER 4 PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
4.1 Scope
4-1
4.2 Device Registers
4-1
4.3 Interrupts
4-7
4.4 Program Example
4-8
4.5 Interrupt Service Routine Flow Diagram 4-9
CHAPTERS THEORY OF OPERATION
5.1
Introduction
5-1
5.2 Address Selection
5-1
5.2.1 Inputs
5-2
5.2.2 Outputs 5-4
5.2.3
Slave Sync (SSYN) 5-4
5.3 Interrupt Control
5-5
5.4 Status Register 5-6
5.4.1 Error (Bit 15)
5-7
5.4.2 Card Done (Bit 14)
5-7
iii

5.4.3
5.4.4
5.4.5
504.6
504.7
504.8
504.9
504.10
504.11
5.4.12
5.5
5.6
APPENDIX A
A.l
A.2
A.3
APPENDIXB
APPENDIXC
APPENDIXD
Figure No.
2-1
3-1
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
5-1
5-2
5-3
A-I
A-2
A-3
D-1
D-2
D-3
CONTENTS (Cont)
Supply Error (Bit 13)
Card Reader Check (Bit 12)
Timing Error (Bit 11)
Reader Transition to On-Line (Bit 10)
BUSY (Bit 09)
Reader Ready Status (Bit 08)
Column Ready (Bit 07)
Interrupt Enable (Bit 06)
Eject (Bit 01)
READ (Bit 00)
Data Buffer Register
Encoding Network
GDI CARD READERS
Scope
GDI Model 100 Card Reader
GDI Model 100M Card Reader
CARD READER INTERFACE SIGNALS
HOLLERITH CODE
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
ILLUSTRATIONS
Title
CRll Controller -Simplified Block Diagram
Card Reader Controls and Indicators
Status Register Bit Assignments
Data Buffer Register Bit Assignments (CRB
1)
Data Buffer Register Bit Assignments (CRB2)
Maintenance Register Bit Assignments
CRlljCMll Interrupt Service Routine Flow Diagram
Address Selection Logic -Simplified Diagram
Controller Select Address Format
Interrupt Control Logic -Simplified Diagram
GDI Model 100 Card Reader
GDI
Modell 00 Control Panel
GDI Model 100M Optical Mark Reader
Functional Logic Diagram
Logic Schematic
Circuit Schematic
iv
Page
5-8
5-8
5-8
5-9
5-9
5-9
5-10
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
A-I
A-I
A-3
Page
2-3
3-2
4-2
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-9
5-3
5-3
5-6
A4
A-4
A-5
D-l
D-2
D-2

TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1-1 Applicable Documents 1-2
1-2
CRII Controller Specifications
1-3
1-3
Documation Card Reader Specifications 1-3
1-4 GDI Card Reader Specifications
1-4
1-5
Optical Card Reader Models
1-5
1-6 Master Drawing List
1-5
3-1
Front Panel Controls and Indicators
3-3
3-2
Rear Panel Controls 3-4
3-3
Error Alarm Causes and Remedies 3-6
4-1 Standard Device Register Assignments
4-1
5-1
Gating and Select Line Signals 5-2
5-2
Select Lines 5-4
5-3
Gating Control Signals 5-4
5-4 Encoding Network Truth Table 5-13
A-I GDI Model 100 Controls and Indicators A-I
A-2 GDI
Modell DOM Controls and Indicators
A-6
B-1
Interfacing Signals B-1
D-l
Truth Table D-3
v

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The CRt I/CMl 1 Card Reader System is a card handling system designed to interface with the PDP-II family of
processors and peripherals to read marked or punched Hollerith data cards at rates up to 600 cards per minute.
The
CRll/CMII System consists of two distinct components: a card reader and a DEC PDP-II interface unit,
which
is referred to as the CRII Controller.
a. Card Reader
b. CRII Controller
1.2 SCOPE
A motorized card handling device that reads information from EIA standard
(Hollerith code) cards. The unit reads I2-row, 80-column cards
at a nominal
rate
of 200 to 600 cards per minute, depending on the specific card reader
used. Q
The CRII System is fully compatible with DocumationVpunched card
and mark/sense readers and GDI punched card and mark/sense readers.
An interface between the card reader and
the PDP-II Unibus. Controls data
transfers between the card reader and other devices in a PDP-II System.
Provides a 12-bit
output character for standard data transfers and an 8-bit
output character (one byte) when it is desired to use the proposed compressed
Hollerith code. Also monitors reader operation and issues appropriate con-
trol commands.
The controller
is completely plug-compatible with the above-mentioned card
readers; no modifications are required.
Also referred to
as "control unit", "interface", and "reader control".
This manual provides the user with the information needed to operate the CRI1/CMll Card Reader System and
provides the theory
of operation and logic diagrams necessary to understand and maintain the CRt I Controller.
The CRI l/CMI 1 Card Reader System
is referred to in this manual as the CRII Card Reader System.
This manual and the appropriate card reader manual must be used together for a complete understanding
of the
entire
CRII System. The prime subject of this manual is the CRII Controller. In addition to providing com-
plete coverage
of the controller, this manual includes sections covering overall system operation and programming.
Because
of the number of different card readers that can be used with the CRl1 Controller, this manual only cov-
ers
the operation of the Documation Model M200 Card Reader. Operation of other card reader models, as well
as any significant differences, are included in Appendix A.
§ Documation is a trademark of Documation, Incorporated, Melbourne, Florida.
1-1

The prime subject of the card reader manual is the card reader itself. The manual presents a detailed discussion
of the print mechanism and electronics including installation, operation, principles of operation, maintenance,
troubleshooting, and engineering drawings.
Table I-I lists related PDP-II System documents
that are applicable to the CR11 Card Reader System.
Title
Applicable PDP-ii
System Manual
PDP-ii Processor
Handbook
PDP-ii Peripherals
Programming Inter/acing
Handbook
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1-1
Applicable Documents
Number
DEC, 1972
DEC, 1973-74
Coverage
Provides detailed theory of operation, flow, logic
diagrams, operation, installation, and maintenance
for components
of the PDP-II System.
A two-part general handbook. The first part dis-
cusses system architecture, addressing modes, the
instruction set, and programming techniques. The
second part is devoted
to a discussion of software.
A two-part handbook. The first part is devoted to
a discussion of the various peripherals used with
PDP-II Systems. The second part provides de-
tailed theory, flow, and logic descriptions
of the
Unibus and external device logic; methods of
interface construction; and examples of typical
interfaces.
Operating and physical specifications for the
CRII Controller are given in Table 1-2. Specifications for all
Documation
type card readers are given in Table 1-3, specifications for GDI (General Design, Inc.) card readers
are given in Table 1-4, and Table
1-5 lists the model variations of optical card readers.
1.4 MAINTENANCE
The basic maintenance philosophy
of the CRII Card Reader System is to present the user with the information
necessary
to understand normal system operation. The user can utilize this information when analyzing trouble
symptoms
to determine necessary corrective action. It is beyond the scope of this manual to present detailed
troubleshooting information.
1-2

Registers:
Register Addresses:
Data Outputs:
Interrupts:
Commands:
Status Indications:
Size:
Power:
All Punched Card Models
Table 1-2
CRII Controller Specifications
Status Register (CRS)
Data Buffer Register (CRB I)
Data Buffer Register Encoded Output (CRB2)
Maintenance Register (CRM)
CRBI 777162 M bid b "A'"
CRS 777l60}
CRB2 777164 ay eClange y Jumpers.
CRM 777166
CRB 1 =l2-bit character (Hollerith code)
CRB2 =8-bit character (compressed Hollerith code)
Priority =BR6 (may be changed by jumper plug)
Vector =location 230 (may be changed by "V" jumpers)
Types =error, transition to on-line, column ready, and card done
Read, eject, and interrupt enable
Error conditions = error, card supply error, card reader check, timing
error
Operational conditions =reader ready, reader transition to on-line, busy,
column ready, card done
The CRII Controller consists of a single quad module (M8290 or
M8291) that occupies 1/4
of a DDll or one of two controller slots in
a KAll, KCll, or other PDP-II Processor System unit.
I.SA @ +SV (derived from the Power Supply in the mounting box where
the controller is installed).
Table 1-3
Documation Card Reader Specifications
OM200
Card Type:
Light Source: Standard 80-column EIA card Infrared light emitting diode Standard 80-column EIA card Fiber Optics, 13 Channel
Read Station:
Electronics:
Internal Clock
Variations
Photo transistor,
12 bit simultaneously
7400 Series TTL integrated circuit logic
Crystal oscillator
Photo transistor, 12 data rows and 1Clock row
7400 Series TTL integrated circuit logic
Model M200 & OM200 ModelM300 ModelM600
Card Rate (cards/minute)
Hopper/Stacker Card Capacity
Power (in VA):
Starting Load
Running Load
285
550
1600
600
1-3
300
1000
1600
600
600
1000
1600
600
(continued on next page)

Variations (cont)
Dimensions:
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
Both Models (100 and 100M)
Card Type:
Card Rate:
Rate Control:
Hopper/Stacker Card Capacity:
Read Station:
Internal Oock:
Electronics:
Input Power:
Power Consumption:
Size:
Variations
Weight:
Card Type:
Table 1-3 (Cont)
Documation Card Reader Specifications
Model M200 & OM200 ModelM300
11 in. 13-9/16 in.
19-1/4 in. 23-1/16 in.
14 in.
18 in.
601b 751b
Table
1-4
GDI Card Reader Specifications
Standard 80-column EIA card
200 cards/minute (nominal)
ModelM600
19-9/16 in.
23-1/16 in.
18 in.
751b
Frequency
of pick (read) command at discretion of controller
450 cards
Silicon photocells, 12 bits simultaneously
Timing disk and photocell
Positive logic DTuL 930 series integrated circuits
liS ± 10 Vac, 60 Hz, single-phase
Less than 300W
14 in. wide, 18 in. deep, 18 in. high
Model 100 = 471b
Mode1100M = 521b
Model 100 = Reads only 80-co1umn punched cards
Model 100M = Reads punched
or marked 40-co1umn cards with
clock track
Detailed maintenance and troubleshooting information
is normally included in each manual covering a specific
card reader.
1.5 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
A complete set
of reduced engineering drawings and module circuit schematics is provided in a companion vol-
ume to this manual entitled CRII Card Reader System. Engineering Drawings. A list of these drawings is pre-
sented in Table 1-6. The general logic symbols used on these drawings are described in the Introduction to DEC
Drawings and Logic Manual.
1-4

Option No.
CMll
CMl1-A
CMII-FA
CMll-FB
Drawing No.
A-ML-CRII-0
A-PL-CRII-O-O
D-MU-CRII-O-Ol
A-PL-CRII-O-Ol
D-CS-M8290-1
D-CS-M829
1-1
Table 1-5
Optical Card Reader Models
Manufacturer & Model No. Voltage Frequency
in Hz
GDI, 100M (40 column) 115 60
GDI, 100M (40 column) 230 50
Documation, OM200
115
60
Documation, OM200
230 50
Table 1-6
Master Drawing List
No.
of Sheets
2
4
4
1-5
Title
Card Reader Control
Card Reader Control Parts List
CRll Module Utilization
CRl1 Module Parts List
Reader Control
Reader Control

CHAPTER 2
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCfION
The CRII Card Reader System is designed to operate on-line with the PDP-II System and associated peripherals
such as magnetic
tape units, line printers, or communications terminals. The card readeris a self-contained table-
top unit consisting of a motorized card deck, read electronics, local control logic, and an internal power supply.
The controller, which interfaces
the card reader to the Unibus@9 ,consists of a single quad module mounted in
1/4 of a system unit (slots 1,2,3, or 4 in a DDII Peripheral Mounting panel). Thus, four reader control inter-
faces can
be mounted in the space of a single system unit. The interface is connected to the card reader by a single
cable.
Various card reader models
may be used in this system. This manual describes the Documation Model M200.
Although other models are similar and are compatible with this system, they may differ in card reading rates, in-
dicator panels, etc. The
other card reader models are covered in Appendix A.
2.2 .SYSTEM OPERATION
A read instruction from the controller moves a card from the input hopper into the read station where all 80 col-
umns are read on a column-by-column basis beginning with column 1. The card data may be read in one of two
modes.
In the normal mode, data is transferred directly from the rows (zones) of the card to corresponding bit
positions in a data buffer for transfer to the bus as a 12-bit character. The bits in this output character corre-
spond directly to zones in the card column.
The second reading mode is the compressed data mode which is compatible with the proposed expansion of the
Hollerith code. In this mode, card zones 12 through 08 are transferred directly to the data buffer;however,
zones
01 through 07 are encoded into a 3-bit octal representation before loading into the buffer. This encoding
is possible because
of the lack of double punches in zones 01 through 07 of both the present and proposed Hol-
lerith codes. As a result
of this encoding, the 12-bit data from the card column is compressed into an 8-bit char-
acter that is transferred as a low-order byte to the Unibus.
Regardless of the reading mode used, a punched hole or mark is interpreted as a binary 1 and the absence of a
hole
or mark is a binary 0:
2.3 CARD READER
Most available card readers operate
in a characteristic manner. The reader itself consists of an input hopper for
loading a
number of cards, a photoelectric read station for reading data from the card, an output hopper for
@Unibus is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
2-1

stacking the cards after reading, a motorized mechanism for moving the cards, and control logic for generating
command and status signals.
Operation begins when the controllerissues a read command. When
the card reader receives this command, it
picks the ftrst card from the hopper and feeds it into the read station. As the data holes or marks pass through
the read station, they are sensed by a photoelectric device. At the same time, the reader generates a series of in-
dex or clock marks. These marks are transmitted to the controller simultaneously with the databits read from
the holes in the card. Thus, the controller receives 12 bits
of parallel data on the 12 data output lines of the
card reader connector.
The card reader furnishes alarm signals
to warn of any error condition present in the reader. It also provides sig-
nals for certain housekeeping functions such as hopper empty, stacker full, and unit busy.
Each reader has a control panel for manual operations
of the reader and for indicating various error conditions.
These controls and indicators may vary from reader to reader, depending on the type and model used.
Four program flags indicate the status
of the card reader. These flags are monitored by the controller and are
tied to the interrupt logic so that setting anyone of these flags generates an interrupt request.
The ON-LINE flag is set whenever the ready line from the card reader goes true indicating that the card reader
is
ready to accept commands. This feature permits the program to perform other tasks while awaiting manual in-
tervention to clear a card reader problem such as lack of cards in the input hopper. This flag notiftes the control-
ler when the card reader is ready to resume on-line operation under program control.
The COLUMN DONE flag requests a program interrupt when a column
of information has been read and is
ready to be transferred to the bus. The CARD DONE flag is set when the card leaves the read station. The con-
troller should then immediately issue a new read command to keep the card reader operating at full rated speed.
The ERROR flag indicates
that an error condition is present in the card reader and an interrupt request is made
so
that the program can branch to an error-handling routine.
2.4 CRtt CONTROLLER
The CRll Controller provides the command and monitoring functions for the card reader, in addition to han-
dling data transfers from the card reader to the Unibus. When the processor addresses the bus, the controller de-
codes the address to determine if the card reader is the selected external device and, if selected, whether it is to
perform an
input or output operation. For the following discussion, refer to the simplifted block diagram shown
in Figure 2-1.
The address selection logic decodes the incoming address and responds
to one of four possible sequential ad-
dresses. The register that is selected and the type of bus data transfer operation being performed determine
whether a command is being issued, status is being monitored, or data is being read from a card in one of two
reading modes.
If, for example, data
is to be read, the status register is ftrst addressed so that a read command can be sent to the
card reader. The card reader moves a card into the read station, detects the data from the ftrst card column, and
loads
it into the buffer register. Once the buffer is loaded, the controller sets a COLUMN READY flag so that
an interrupt can be generated to transfer the data to the bus.
2-2

0<15:00>
OR
0<08:00>
BUS
DRIVERS
A<17:00>
C <1:0>
MSYN
SSYN
ADDRESS
SELECTION
U
LOGIC
N
I
BBSY
B SACK
U
SSYN
S
BR-BG
INTR
INTERRUPT
CONTROL
LOGIC
0<06:00>
BUS
RECEIVERS
~
Figure 2-1
12-BIT CHARACTER
I 8-BIT CHARACTER I ENCODING t
NETWORK I
STATUS OF (CRB 2)
READER AND
CONTROLLER
REGISTER DATA FROM
J I ONE
CARD
SELECTION BUFFER COLUMN
REGISTER
I
-I
(CRB 1)
I
I ALARMS AND READER STATUS
STATUS I MAINTENANCE
ALARM STATUS
1 REGISTER I READ (PICK)
COMMAND
TMAINTENANCE DISABLE READ
INT ENB
I
READ
EJECT
MAINTENANCE
REGISTER
CRII Controller -Simplified Block Diagram
1-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
C
A
R
o
R
E
A
o
E
R
L_
11- 4053
At this point, either the buffer register (CRB 1) or the encoding network (CRB2) would be addressed so that the
data, in the form
of either a l2-bit or 8-bit character, could be transferred through the bus drivers to the Unibus.
When CRBI is addressed, data from the buffer register is applied directly to the bus. When CRB2 is addressed,
the 12 bits from the buffer are compressed into an 8-bit character before application to the bus.
When the status register is addressed, it can serve either as a command register to specify certain functions to be
performed
or as a status register to monitor operations within the controller and the card reader.
When the status register is used as a command register, it is loaded from the bus and can perform one ormore of
the following functions: interrupt enable, read, and eject. Interrupt enable is used to condition appropriate
controller circuits
so that an interrupt is initiated whenever an error occurs, the card reader goes on-line, or the
reading
of a card column or an entire card is completed. The read function is the only command sent to the
card reader and is used to start operation of the reader. The eject function prevents the COLUMN READY flag
from being set
so that data from the buffer register is not transmitted to the bus. However, transfers between
the card reader and the buffer register still take place. As far as the controller is concerned, the card has been
ejected even though the reader continues normal operation.
When the status register is used to monitor system functions, it operates as a read-only register and Its output is
applied
to the bus for monitoring by the program. Some of the bits in the register are set or cleared by alarm
and status signals from the card reader itself; otherbits are set or cleared
by the controller.
Most card readers supply two status signals
to the controller: READY, which indicates that the card reader is
placed on-line; and BUSY or CARD IN READER (CIR), which indicates
that the reader is currently processing
a card. The reader normally signals an alarm simply by dropping the READY line whenever a reader error con-
dition arises. However,
in some readers, such as the Documation readers, additional alarm lines are included so
that specific error signals can be sent to the controller. These alarm lines include: HOPPER CHECK (input hop-
per empty/output stacker full); and MOTION CHECK (card not picked or card hung up in card track).
Status and alarm signals are also generated internally
by the controller. These include: ERROR, TIMING
ERROR, COLUMN READY, and CARD DONE. These bits are described more fully in Chapter 4 of this manual.
The maintenance register (CRM) is described in Paragraph 4.2.
2-3

CHAPTER 3
OPERATION
3.1 SCOPE
This chapter provides the information necessary for normal operation of the CR 11 Card Reader System and is
divided into three major parts: controls and indicators, card loading and unloading, and operating procedures.
Additional procedures, such
as calibration and mechanical adjustments, are beyon~ the scope of this manual and
are covered in the appropriate card reader manual.
This chapter covers only operation of the Documation, Inc. card readers. Operating procedures for GDI card
readers are described in Appendix A.
The description of the controls and indicators (Paragraph 3.2) is in tabular form and provides the user with the
type and function
of each operating switch and indicator on the card reader. Card handling procedures are given
in Paragraph 3.3 and step-by-step operating procedures for both on-line and off-line operation are given in Para-
graph 3.4.
3.2 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
The controls and indicators used
to operate the CRII Card Reader System are shown in Figure 3-1 and listed in
Tables 3-1 and 3-2. Although the front control panel is shown for both the M200/0M200 and M600 card reader
models, only the M600 model is covered in the table. This particular model is described in order to provide cov-
erage of the additional indicators. The M200/0M200 model is basically a similar version except the switches and
associated indicators are mounted separately. The functions are identical with those described for the M600
model.
The items covered in each table are listed below:
Table
3-1
Table 3-2
Front Control Panel
(see Figure 3-1, a)
Rear Control Panel
(see Figure 3-1, c)
This control panel
is located at the upperleft-hand
corner of the front of the reader. This panel con-
tains the controls and indicators used for normal
on-line/off-line operation of the card reader.
This panel
is located at the upper right-hand corner
of the back of the reader. This panel is used for in-
itial set-up of the system and for maintenance pur-
poses.
3-1

BB
a. Front Control Panel (Model M600)
i---T---T---i---'
I READ I PICK I STACK I HOPPER I
I CHECK I CHECK I CHECK I CHECK I
L ___ L ___ ~ ___ ~ ___ ~
b. Front Control Panel (Model M200/0M200)
POWER SWITCH
,--- (M200/0M200 ONLY)
STOP
o
LAMP TEST SHUTDOWN
MAN @ AUTO
MODE
REMOTE ~ LOCAL
Figure 3-1 Card Reader Controls and Indicators
3-2
RESET
o
H-0446