Digital Equipment RL01 User manual

EK-RL012-UG -005
RL01/Rl02
User Guide

EK-Rl012-UG-005
Rl01/Rl02
User Guide
Prepared by Educational Services
Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, December ]l978
2nd Printing (Rev), September ]l979
3rd Printing (Rev), June
]1980
4th Printing (Rev), October 1980
5th Printing (Rev), September 1981
Copyright @ 1981 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved
The material
in this manual is for informational purposes and is subject to change
without notice.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which
may appear
in this manual.
Printed in U.S.A.
This document was set on DIGITAL's DECset-8000 computeriized type-
setting system.
• Class A Computing Devices:
Notice: This equipment generates, uses, and may emit radio frequency energy.
The equipment has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which
are designed to provide reasonable protection against such radio frequency
in-
terference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equip-
ment in a residential area may cause interference in which case the user at his
own expense may be required to take measures to correct the interference.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massa-
chusetts:
DEC
DECUS
DIGITAL
Digital Logo
PDP
UNIBUS
VAX
DECnet
DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DECwriter
DIBOL
EduSystem
lAS
MASSBUS
OMNIBUS
OS/8
PDT
RSTS
RSX
VMS
VT

CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.3
1.3.2.4
1.3.3
1.3.3.1
1.3.3.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
2.1.1.3
2.1.1.4
2.1.1.5
2.1.1.6
2.1.1.7
2.1.1.S
2.1.1.9
2.1.1.10
2.1.1.11
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.3.1
2.1.3.2
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.2
2.3
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND SCOPE ...................................................................................... 1-1
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ............................................................................. 1-1
SUBSYSTEM DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 1-1
RLO 1 /RL02 Disk Drive................................... .................. ............................ 1-2
RLControllers .............;.................................................................................. 1-2
RLII Controller Description.................................................................. 1-2
RLVII Controller Description............................................................... 1-3
RLSA Controller Description................................................................. 1-3
RLV12 Controller Description............................................................... 1-3
RLOIK/RL02K Disk Cartridge..................................................................... 1-4
Interchangability ..... ............................................................................... 1-4
Sector Format......................................................................................... 1-4
SECTOR LOCATION .......................................................................................... 1-7
BAD SECTOR FILE ............................................................................................. 1-8
RLOI/RL02 SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................... 1-10
INSTALLATION
SITE PREPARATION AND PLANNING ......................................................... 2-1
Environmental Considerations........................................................................ 2-1
Cleanliness.............................................................................................. 2-1
Space Requirements............................................................................... 2-1
Floor Loading......................................................................................... 2-1
Heat Dissipation ..................................................................................... 2-1
Acoustics................................................................................................ 2-2
Temperature ........................................................................................... 2-2
Relative Humidity .................................................................................. 2-2
Altitude......................... ................. ............. ......................... ........ ........ ... 2-2
Power and Safety Precautions ................................................................ 2-2
Radiated Emissions ................................................................................ 2-2
Attitude/Mechanical Shock................................................................... 2-3
Options............................................................................................................ 2-3
AC Power Requirements................................................................................ 2-5
Standard Applications ........................................................... ....... .......... 2-5
Optional Applications............................................................................. 2-5
Installation Constraints................................................................................... 2-7
Grounding Requirements ............................................................................... 2-7
AC CABLING ....................................................................................................... 2-8
INSTALLATION - GENERAL .......................................................................... 2-10
111

CHAPTER 2
2.4
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.6.6
2.6.7
2.6.8
2.6.9
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.8
2.8.1
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.9
2.9.1
2.9.2
2.9.3
2.10
CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.5
Page
INSTALLATION (Cont)
RLII CONTROLLER INSTALLATION ........................................................... 2-11
RLV11 CONTROLLER INSTALLATION ........................................................ 2-16
Bus Interface Module ..................................................................................... 2-16
Drive .....................................................................'.............................
2-18
Module Slot Location..................................................................................... 2-19
Module Installation......................................................................................... 2-20
RLV12 CONTROLLER INSTALLATION ........................................................ 2-21
Introduction .................................................................................................... 2-21
Device Address Selection ............................................................................... 2-21
Bus Selection.................................................................................................. 2-26
Interrupt Vector.............................................................................................. 2-26
Interrupt Request Level ................................................................................. 2-26
Memory Parity Error Abort Feature ......................................,................. ,. ..... 2-26
Other Jumpers ................................................................................................ 2-27
Installation............ .............. ...................................................... ...................... 2-27
Acceptance Testing........................................................................................ 2-27
RL8A CONTROLLER INSTALLATION ................................................... ,. ..... 2-28
Introduction.................................................................................................... 2-28
Module Slot Location ..................................................................................... 2-28
Module Installation......................................................................................... 2-28
RLOI/RL02 DISK DRIVE INSTALLATION .................................................... 2-30
Unpacking and Inspection ....................................................................... ,. ..... 2-30
RL01/RL02 Disk Drive Unit Mounting ........................................................ 2-32
Drive Prestartup Inspection............................................................................
2-37
Drive Startup Operation Check...................................................................... 2-39
CONFIDENCE TESTING ................................................................................... 2-39
RLI1-Based Diagnostics................................................................................. 2-40
RLVI1-/RLVI2-Based Diagnostics ............................................................... 2-43
RL8A-Based Diagnostics................................................................................ 2-43
USE OF THE M9312 BOOTSTRAP WITH AN RLII SUBSySTEM .............. 2-46
OPERATOR'S GUIDE
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 3-1
CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS .................................................................... 3-1
Power ON /OFF Circuit Breaker.................................................................... 3-2
Run/Stop Switch with LOAD Indicator ........................................................ 3-2
UNIT SELECT Switch with READY Indicator ........................................... 3-3
FAULT Indicator .............................................................. ............................. 3-3
WRITE PROTECT Switch and Indicator ..................................................... 3-3
OPERATING PROCEDURES............................................................................. 3-3
Cartridge Loading and Drive Startup Procedure ........................................... 3-4
Cartridge Unloading Procedure...................................................................... 3-6
OPERATOR MAINTENANCE........................................................................... 3-6
Introduction.................................................................................................... 3-6
Professional Cartridge Cleaning..................................................................... 3-6
User Cartridge Cleaning................................................................................. 3-6
Spindle Assembly Cleaning ............................................................................ 3-7
CARTRIDIGE CARE SUMMARy..................................................................... 3-7
lV

CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.2.3.3
4.2.4
4.2.4.1
4.2.4.2
4.2.4.3
4.2.4.4
4.2.5
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.6
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.7.5
4.7.6
Page
II-FAMILY PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 4-1
RL 11 Controller Description......................................................... ................. 4-1
RLVII Controller Description ....................................................................... 4-1
RL V 12 Controller Description ............................................ ............... ............ 4-1
ADDRESSABLE REGISTERS............................................................................ 4-1
Control Status Register .................................................................................. 4-2
Bus Address Register...................................................................................... 4-5
Disk Address Register .................................................................................... 4-5
DA Register During a Seek Command .................................................. 4-5
DA Register During Read or Write Data Command............................. 4-6
DA Register During A Get Status Command........................................ 4-7
Multipurpose Register .................................................................................... 4-8
MP Register After a Get Status Command ........................................... 4-8
MP Register After a Read Header Command ....................................... 4-10
MP Register During Read/Write Data Commands .............................. 4-11
Bus Address Extension Register............................................................. 4-11
Register Summary ........................................................................................... 4-12
CONTROLLER COMMANDS ........................................................................... 4-14
No-Op
(RLll) or Maintenance (RLVll) -Function Code 0 ........................ 4-14
Write Check -Function Code 1 ..................................................................... 4-15
Get Status -Function Code 2......................................................................... 4-16
Seek -Function Code 3 ................................................................................... 4-16
Read Header -Function Code 4 .................................................................... 4-16
Write Data -Function Code 5........................................................................ 4-16
Read Data -Function Code 6 ........................................................................
4-1 7
Read Data Without Header Check -Function Code 7 .................................. 4-17
CSR ERROR CODE DEFINITIONS .................................................................. 4-17
Operation Incomplete (OPI)........................................................................... 4-17
Data CRC (DCRC) or Write Check (WCE) ................................................. 4-17
Header
CRC (HCRC) .................................................................................... 4-17
Data Late (DLT) ............................................................................................ 4-17
Header
Not Found (HNF) .............................................................................. 4-18
Non-Existant Memory
(NXM) ....................................................................... 4-18
Memory Parity Error (MPE).......................................................................... 4-18
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................. 4-18
Interrupt ......................................................................................................... 4-18
Seek Operation....................... ........ ................................................................ 4-18
Overlapped Seeks ........................................................................................... 4-18
Data Transfer.................................................................................................. 4-19
Recovery of
Data with Bad Headers .............................................................. 4-19
Non-Interchangability of
RLOIK/RL02K Disk Cartridges .......................... 4-19
ERROR RECOVERY ........................................................................................... 4-19
DIFFERENCE SUMMARY (RK05 AND RLOI /RL02) .................................... 4-21
Spiral Read/Write or Mid-Transfer Seeks..................................................... 4-21
Implicit Seeks Versus Explicit Seeks ............................................................. 4-21
Recalibrate ..................................................................................................... 4-22
Bad Sector File............................................................................................... 4-22
Reformatting .................................................................................................. 4-22
Seek Interrupt................................................................................................. 4-22
v

CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.7.1
5.2.7.2
5.2.8
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.3.7
5.3.8
5.3.9
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
5.4.5
5.4
.. 6
5.4
.. 6.1
5.4.6.2
5.4
.. 7
5.5
5.6
5.6
.. 1
5.6
.. 2
5.6 .. 3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
APPENDIX A
A.1
A.2
Page
RL8A PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 5-1
ADDRESSABLE REGISTERS............................................................................ 5-2
Command Register A ..................................................................................... 5-2
Command Register A During a Seek Command ................................... 5-2
Command Register A During Read or Write Data Command .............. 5-3
Command Register B...................................................................................... 5-4
Break Memory Address Register................................................................... 5-6
Word Count Register...................................................................................... 5-6
Sector Address Register................................................................................. 5-6
Error Register................................................................................................. 5-7
Silo Data Buffer.............................................................................................. 5-8
Data Buffer Contents Following a Get Status Command ...................... 5-9
Silo Data Buffer Contents Following a Read Header
Command ...... ...... ............. ...... ....................... .............
......... .................... 5-9
Register Summary.......................................................................................... 5-9
CONTROLLER COMM.ANDS ........................................................................... 5-9
Maintenance Command................................................................................... 5-16
Reset Command ............................................................................................. 5-16
Get Status Command ..................................................................................... 5-16
Seek Command................................................................................................ 5-1 7
Read Header Command.................................................................................
5-17
Write Data Command .................................................................................... 5-17
Read Data Command ..................................................................................... 5-18
Read Data without Header Check Command ................................................ 5-18
Maintenance Bit ............................................................................................. 5-18
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................. 5-20
8-Bit Mode Versus 12-Bit Mode ..................................................................... 5-20
Interrupt ......................................................................................................... 5-20
Seek Operation ............................................................................................... 5-20
Overlapped Seeks ........................................................................................... 5-20
Recovery of Data with Bad Headers .............................................................. 5-20
Non-Interchangability of Disk Cartridges....................................................
:. 5-21
RLOIK/RL02K ..................................................................................... 5-21
RL8A/RL11/RLV11/RLV12 .............................................................. 5-21
Use of Two RL8A Controllers....................... ....... .............. .......... .................. 5-21
ERROR RECOVERY ............................................................................................ 5-21
DIFFERENCE SUMMARY (RK05 AND RLOI /RL02) .................................... 5-22
Spiral Read/Write or Mid-Transfer Seeks...................................................... 5-23
Implicit Seeks Versus Explicit Seeks .............................................................. 5-23
Recalibrate ... .......................................................... ..... .............................. ..... 5-23
Bad Sector File............................................................................................... 5-23
Reformatting............................................................ ...................................... 5-23
Seek Interrupt................................................................................................. 5-23
RLll CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS
SPC CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................... A-I
CONFIGURATIONS CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................... A-I
vi

FIGURES
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23a
2-23b
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
3-1
3-2
3-3
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
5-1
5-2
Page
Typical RLOI/RL02 Mass Storage Subsystem Configuration .............................. 1-2
RLO 1 /RL02 Disk Drive........................................... .............................................. 1-3
RLOIK/RL02K Disk Cartridge Format ................................................................ 1-5
Access Method for Sequential Transfers ................................................................ 1-7
Sector Relocation.................................................................................................... 1-8
Bad Sector File Format........................................................................................... 1-9
RLOI/RL02 Disk Drive -Rear View..................................................................... 2-5
Approved Electrical Plugs and Receptacles........................................................... 2-6
Power Panel Grounded Building Frame.................................................. ......... ...... 2-7
Power Panel Grounded To Metal Plate .................................................................. 2-8
Typical 60 Hz Power System...................................................................... ............ 2-9
Typical 50 Hz Power System................................................................................... 2-10
Split Phase (2-phase) Power System ....................................................................... 2-10
Three Phase Y Power System................................................................................. 2-10
RL 11 Component Layout ............................. ........ ..... ............. ................................ 2-11
RLll Base and Vector Address Jumper Configuration.......................................... 2-13
RLll Priority Jumper Assembly Connections........................................................ 2-14
RL 11 Controller Installation............. ......... ........ ..................................................... 2-15
RLVll Bus Interface Module (M8014) (Component Side) ................................... 2-17
RL V 11 Base Address Switch Settings .................................................................... 2-18
RL V 11 Vector Address Switch Settings................................................................. 2-18
RLVll Drive Module (M8013) .............................................................................. 2-19
H9273 Backplane Grant Priority Structure............................................................ 2-20
RL V 12 Jurnper Locations....................................................................................... 2- 24
RLV12 Device Address Format.............................................................................. 2-25
RLV12 Format Interrupt Vector ............................................................................ 2-26
RL8A Jumpers........................................................................................................ 2-29
H950 Shipping Package.......................................................................................... 2-31
RLOI/RL02 Cabinet Installation ........................................................................... 2-32
RLOI/RL02 Cabinet Installation ........................................................................... 2-33
RLO 1 /RL02 Disk Drive -Exposed Drive Logic Module....................................... 2-34
RLOI /RL02 -Covers Removed ............................................................................. 2-35
RLO 1 /RL02 Disk Drive -Rear View................ ...... ................................ ............... 2-36
RLOI/RL02 Disk Drive -Front View .................................................................... 2-37
RLOI/RL02 Disk Drive -Front View.................................................................... 3-1
RLOI/02 Disk Drive -Rear View.......................................................................... 3-2
Cartridge Loading Procedure.......................................... ...... .................................
3-5
CS Register ............................................................................................................. 4-2
BA Register.............................................................................................................
4-5
DAR Contents to Execute a Seek Command ......................................................... 4-5
DAR Contents During a Read/Write Data Command .......................................... 4-6
DAR Contents to Execute a Get Status Command................................................ 4-7
MPR -Following a Get Status Command.............. ......... ....................................... 4-8
MPR -Following a Read Header Command ......................................................... 4-10
MPR -Used as a Word Counter ............................................................................ 4-11
BAE Register .......................................................................................................... 4-12
Register Summary.................................................................................................. 4-12
Command Register A During a Seek Command................ ........................ ............ 5-3
Command Register A During a Read/Write Data Command ............................... 5-4
Vll

Page
FIGURES (Coot)
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
TABLES
I-I
1-2
1-3
1-4
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
5-1
5-2
5-3
Command Register B.............................................................................................. 5-4
Break Memory Address Register............................................................................ 5-6
Word Count Register.............................................................................................. 5-6
Sector Address Register... ....................................................................................... 5-7
Error Register......................................................................................................... 5-7
Silo Buffer for Status Word I .........................................................'........................ 5-9
Silo Buffer for Status Word 2 ................................................................................. 5-9
Silo Buffer for Header Words................................................................................. 5-12
Register Summary..................................................................................................
5-13
Maintenance Mode Bit...................................... ............. ... ................. ...... ..... ......... 5-19
Reference Documents ............................................................................................. I-I
RLO I /RL02 Disk Drive Physical and Environmental
Specification ........................................................................................................... 1-10
RLO I /RL02 Disk Drive Operational Specifications................. .... ......................... 1-13
RLO I K/RL02K Disk Cartridge Specifications ....................... ......... ..................... 1-14
Saleable RLOI /RL02 Subsystem Options ............................................................. 2-3
Saleable Cabinet Options: (Includes Skins, Doors, Covers,
Trim, and Power Controllers) .........................................................'........................
2-4
Address Selection................... ........... ....... ............................................................... 2-22
Diagnostic Catalogs and Indexes ..... ................................................................. ...... 2-40
RLII-Based Diagnostics ......................................................................................... 2-40
RLII Diagnostic Kit Numbers............................................................................... 2-41
RL II Diagnostic Components................................... ..... .......... ..... ............ .... ......... 2-41
User Documents...................................................................................................... 2-42
RLVII /RLVI2 Diagnostic Kit Designations......................................................... 2-43
RL8/RLOI Diagnostic Kits .................................................................................... 2-43
RL8/RLOI Diagnostic Components ....................................................................... 2-44
RL8A Diagnostic
Kits. ........................................................................................... 2-45
RL8/RL02 Diagnostic Components ....................................................................... 2-45
Controller Addressable Registers.................................................................. ......... 4-2
Control Status Register Bit Description .................................................................
4-3
Disk Address Register Bit Description for Seek Commands.................................. 4-6
Disk Address Register Bit Description for Data Transfer
Commands............... ....... ....... ..... ...... .....
... ..... ............... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ....... ..... 4-7
Disk Address Register Bit Description for Get Status
Commands.................... ......... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... .... ............... ..... ...... ....... .....
4-7
MP Register Bit Description for Get Status Commands........................................ 4-8
MP Register Bit Description for Read Header Commands.................................... 4-10
MP Register Bit Description for Data Transfer Commands .................................. 4-11
RLII /RLVII /RLVI2 Controller Commands....................................................... 4-14
Errors.
... ......................................... ..... ...... ...... .... ..... ................ .... ..... ................ ...... 4-20
RL8A Instruction Set............................................................................................. 5-1
RL8A Controller Commands..........................................................,........................ 5-2
Command Register A Bit Description for Seek Commands................................... 5-3
viii

Page
TABLES (Cont)
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
Command Register A Bit Description for Data Transfer
Commands................. ........ ......... ................................................... .........................
5-4
Command Register B Bit Description..................................................................... 5-5
Error Register Bit Description................................................................................ 5-7
Silo Data Buffer Word 1 of Get Status Command .... ............................................. 5-10
Silo Data Buffer
Word 2 of Get Status Command ................................................. 5-11
Errors ...................................................................................................................... 5-22
ix

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This manual provides information on the capabilities, installation, operation, and programming of the
RLOI/RL02 disk subsystem. A basic subsystem is comprised of one RLll, RLVll, RLVI2, or RLSA
controller and up to four RLOI or RL02 disk drives.
This manual
is intended primarily for operating and programming personnel. Service should be per-
formed only by qualified Digital field engineering and maintenance personnel. A prerequisite for under-
standing this manual
is a basic knowledge of PDP-S and/or PDP-II processors and peripherals.
1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Table 1-1 lists the documents that provide the information necessary for a complete understanding of
the function, theory, and maintenance of
the RLO 1 /RL02 disk drives and the controllers. The
UNIBUS and LSI-II Bus are described in the PDP-II Bus Handbook (EB-17525). The OMNIBUS is
described in the PDP-8A Miniprocessor User's Manual (EK-SA002-MM).
Table 1-1 Reference Documents
Title
RLOI/RL02 Disk Drive Technical Manual
RLOI Disk Drive Illustrated Parts Breakdown
RL02 Disk Drive Illustrated Parts Breakdown
RLOI/RL02 Disk Subsystem Preventive
Maintenance Manual
*
RLO 1 /RL02 Disk Drive Pocket Service Guide
RLII Controller Technical Description Manual
RLVII Controller Technical Description Manual
RLSA OMNIBUS Controller Technical Manual
RLV12 Disk Controller User's Guide
RL V 12 Controller Technical Description Manual
Document No.
EK-RLOI2-TM
EP-OOO 16- IP
EP-OOO 16- IP
EP-OOOOS-PM
EK-RLOI2-PG
EK-ORLII-TD
EK-RLVI1-TD
EK-ORLSA-TD
EK-RLVI2-UG
EK-RLVI2-TD
• This document
is only available to Digital Equipment Corporation Service personnel.
1.3 SUBSYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The RLOI/RL02 mass storage subsystem is based on the RLOIK/RL02K disk cartridges, the
RLOI/RL02 drive unit(s), and an appropriate controller such as the RLII (PDP-II), RLVII or
RLV12
(LSI-II), or RL8A (PDP-S). The basic subsystem is illustrated in Figure 1-1.
1-1

• UNIBUS
• OMNIBUS
• Q-BUS
CONTROLLER
RL11
CU/DRIVE INTERFACE
RLV11
RLV12
RL8A
•
• READ DATA
• STATUS
• SECTOR PULSES
• GET STATUS
• SEEK
• WRITE DATA
Figure 1-1 Typical RLO] /RL02 Mass
Storage Subsystem
Configuration
1.3.1 RLOljRL02 Disk Drive
(DRIVE 0)
o
(DRIVE 1)
01
(DRIVE 2)
01
(DRIVE 3)
0]
CZ-1007
The RLOI /RL02 drive unit is built into a chassis that slides out of the cabinet to allow operator access
to the top cover for loading and unloading of the disk cartridge. If the stops on the slide are manually
released,
the chassis can be pulled farther out so that the rear top cover can be removed for servicing.
The front panel contains. operator controls and indicators.
The chassis contains a spindle, two read/write heads mounted on a positioner, logic modules, a power
supply with
an ac power cord and circuit breaker, a closed-loop clean air system, a cooling air syste:m,
appropriate safety interlocks, and connectors for the I/O cable(s).
The drive unit is shown in Figure 1-2.
The RL02 drive unit has a label reading "RL02" on the front panel. The RLOI drive currently does not
have a label identifying it as
an RLO 1.
1.3.2 RL Controllers
There are four controllers available for the RLO 1 /RL02 subsystem. All can handle up to four drives
and all feature Direct Memory Access (DMA) operation.
1.3.2.1 RLl1 Controller Description - The RLII controller consists of a single, hex-height Small Peri-
pheral Controller (SPC) module designated M7762. It is used to interface the drive with the PDP-II
UNIBUS. The data is formatted in 16-bit words.
1-2

Figure 1-2 RLOI/RL02 Disk Drive
1.3.2.2 RLVII Controller Description -The RLVII controller consists of two quad-height modules
designated M8013 and M8014. This controller interfaces the drive with the
LSI-II Bus. The data is
formatted in 16-bit words. The controller can handle any combination of up to four RLOI /RL02 drives.
1.3.2.3 RL8A Controller Description -The RL8A controller consists of a single, hex-height module
designated M8433.
It is used to interface the drive with the PDP-8 OMNIBUS. The data can be for-
matted in either 8-bit bytes or 12-bit words. This controller has a jumper-determined choice of handling
RLOI or RL02 drives. However, in the RL02-jumpered configuration, it can handle any combination of
up to four
RLO 1 /RL02 drives.
1.3.2.4 RLV12 Controller Description -The RLV12 controller consists of a single, quad-height mod-
ule designated M8061.
It is used to interface the drive with either the extended LSI-II Bus or the
standard
LSI-II Bus. A jumper designates the 22-bit or 18-bit addressing scheme. The data is for-
matted in 16-bit words. This controller can handle any combination of up to four
RLO 1 /RL02 drives.
1-3

1.3.3 RLOIK/RL02K Disk Cartridge
The RLO 1K or RL02K is a removable, top-loading 5440-type disk cartridge that is formatted in a man-
ner unique to the RL01/RL02 subsystem. Both cartridges contain a single platter. The RL01K car-
tridge has a capacity of 5.2 megabytes of user data, and the RL02K cartridge holds 10.4 megabytes of
data. Both sides of the platter are used for data. There are 256 tracks on each RL01K platter surface
and 512 tracks on each RL02K platter surface. Each track
is divided into 40 sectors. Each sector con-
tains 256 bytes of data. The last track of the last surface is reserved for the cartridge serial number and
bad sector information. Head positioning servo information and header information are prerecorded at
the factory and cannot be reformatted in the field. This information, along with the data,
is read by the:
read/write heads but the internal logic of the drive unit protects the servo and header information from.
being overwritten.
1.3.3.1 Interchangability -The RL01K and RL02K disk cartridges are not functionally inter··
changable although they are physically interchangable. It is possible to mount an RL01K cartridge Ont
an RL02 drive, for example, but proper operation will not occur. An RL01K cartridge written on an.
RL01 unit can be read on any other RLOI unit even if that unit is controlled by a different type of
controller. The limitation to this interchangeability
is that if an RL8A controller is used to write data.
and the cartridge
is to be used by an II-Family controller, the RL8A must use the 8-bit byte mode of
operation.
An RL02K cartridge written on an RL02 unit can be read
on any other RL02 unit (assuming the
conditions mentioned above).
1.3.3.2 Sector Format -As shown in Figure 1-3, each sector contains:
• Servo information for head positioning,
• Header (address) information,
• Data (128 words of 16 bits or 256 bytes of 8 bits or 170 words of 12 bits).
Only the data portion of a sector can be written by the user. The servo and header information is pro.-
tected by the drive logic and controller to ensure disk integrity and cannot be written in the field.
Each sector starts with a sector pulse
that is produced by a sector transducer mounted on the unit.
It senses the sector notches that are machined into the hub of the disk cartridge.
During the time
that the sector notch passes by the sector transducer, the heads detect two servo pulse
bursts (Sl and S2) that are prerecorded on the platter. These servo bursts are used by the drive logic
for head positioning.
The header follows the servo pulse bursts.
It consists of:
• A preamble of three words - 47 "0" bits and one "1" bit,
• A word that contains the address -sector, head, and cylinder,
• A word of all zeros,
• A word containing information created by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) logic,
• A one-word postamble of all zeros.
]-4

-
I
V.
I
.... ---------------- 6251£5 ---------------.-.11
I I
.-62.51£5 ....
I
I 1 I
J SECTOR I I
PULSE
I • :.
I I >0--
-----------------,
__ '
__________________ l
.;"/ -------- --- ...... - ...... - ....
"
PREAMBLE ADDRESS
47 ZERO BITS
11 16
BITS
./
./
SECTOR HEAD
SIX BITS ONE
BIT
L
lSB
ZEROES
16 ZERO BITS
.....
.......
CYLINDER
NINE BITS
CRC
16 BITS
--
POSTAMBlE
16 ZERO BITS
16 BITIWORD
MODE
S BIT/BYTE
MODE
12 BITIWORD
MODE
Figure 1-3 RLOIK/RL02K Disk Cartridge Format
-PREAMBLE
47 ZERO BITS
--
---
-WORD 0 WORD 1
16 BITS
16 BITS
BYTE BYTE
I
0 1 I
SBITS SBITS
·.If
I
WORD 0 WORD 1
I
12 BITS 12 BITS
t L
MSB
I
lSB
..
DATA
CRC
POSTAMBlE
11
..
16 BITS 16 ZERO BITS
2048 BITS
.IL . -
......
"'-
......
I I
WORD 126 WORD 127
.1
S.
16 BITS
16 BITS
f •
I
BYTE
BYTE
J 254 255
8 BITS
8 BITS
,
,
WORD 168
WORD 169
UN-
USED
I
12 BITS 12 BITS 8 BITS
f
CZ·2C127

The user writeable data area follows the header. It consists of:
• A preamble of three words - 47 "0" bits and one "1" bit,
• Data (128 words of 16 bits or 256 bytes of 8 bits or 170 words of 12 bits),
• A word containing CRC-generated information,
• A one-word postamble of all zero bits.
Following each sector
is a period of idle tirne that is simply a wait for the next sector pulse.
In addition to the data tracks, there are tracks both inside and outside of the data area that contain
unique servo signals that define those areas as guard bands.
If the read/write heads attempt to enter a.
guard band, the drive logic causes the positioner to retreat from the guard band and return to data
are:a.
The disk has a nominal rotational speed of 2400 rev/min. Therefore, the time for one revolution is 25
milliseconds. Since the revolution is divided into 40 sectors, the duration of each sector is 625 nlicro·,
seconds. This 625 microsecond period is divided into non-data (sector pulse, headel!", idle time) time and.
data time. The data time period is 500 microseconds. Thus, the data is transferred in 500
bursts that occur every 625 microseconds.
For 16-bit word mode there are
128 words of data in a sector so the peak transfer rate is 3.9 n(licro··
seconds per word and the average transfer rate is 4.9 microseconds per word.
For 8-bit bytes (256 bytes per sector), the peak transfer rate
is 1.9 microseconds per byte and the aver ..
age transfer rate is 2.4 microseconds per byte.
For 12-bit word mode (170 words per sector), the peak transfer rate
is 2.9 microseconds per word and
the average transfer rate
is 3.7 microseconds per word.
1-6

1.4 SECTOR LOCATION
The RLOIK/RL02K disk cartridges do not have a physical index notch (occurring once per revolution)
machined into the hub as some cartridges do. The controller determines the rotational position of the
disk cartridge by reading, from the header,
the sector address as well as the head (surface) and cylinder
(track) addresses. Thus, the cartridge does not need a physical index.
The sectors are relocated to opti-
mize the data transfer rate when it becomes necessary to perform a seek during a data transfer.
A head switch to the other surface is considered a seek because the
RLOI/RL02 subsystem uses servo
information that is recorded on each track. The newly selected head will position itself over the center
of the track. There is no hardware-controlled implicit seek on the RLOI/RL02 subsystem. All seeks,
including spiral (mid-transfer) seeks, must be programmed into the software. The correct head must be
selected and positioned over the correct track by a seek operation before the software can initiate a data
transfer.
When the end of a track is reached and the data transfer has not been completed, the software must do
one of two things. It must switch to the head that is over the corresponding track on the other surface
(6.5 milliseconds average, 8 milliseconds maximum) or the software must issue a seek to the next cylin-
der (15 milliseconds).
If the head is to be switched also, the seek and the head switching are normally
combined. Once the unit has completed
the seek operation, the software can continue the data transfer.
To reduce
the rotational latency following a head switch seek, surface one is offset by 17 sectors from
surface zero. The eight milliseconds head switch corresponds to 13 sectors of this offset and the addi-
tional four sectors allow for software overhead.
To reduce the rotational latency following a one cylinder seek (with head switch), surface 0 of a cylin-
der is offset by 29 sectors from surface 1 of the previous cylinder. The 15 millisecond seek time takes
24 sectors
of this offset and five more sector times are allowed for software overhead.
These two offset patterns are illustrated in Figures
1-4 and 1-5.
SURFACE "0"
(HDS =0)
SURFACE "1"
(HDS -1)
CYL =0
I
1 2
I
Figure 1-4 Access Method for Sequential
Transfers
1-7
3
I
..
TO
SPINDLE
MA-0567

Sp· 3
(PHYSICAL
SECTOR)
NOTE:
NUMBERS IN
BLOCKS REFER TO HEAD 1.
Figure 1-5 Sector Relocation
1.5 BAD SECTOR FILE
INDEX
MA-0579
The Bad Sector File is a list of all bad sectors found on an RLO 1 K/RL02K disk cartridge. It also con-
tains the cartridge serial number. The operating system uses this information to avoid allocating bad
sectors to a user's files.
If there is an error in a header, or if there are 16 consecutive read/write errors within one sector, that
sector
is defined as a bad sector.
This file
is recorded on surface 1, track 255 (decimal) of an RLOIK cartridge, and surface 1, tra(!k 511
(decimal) of an RL02K cartridge. The file consists of 40 sectors of 128 words each. Figure 1-6 shows
the format of the Bad Sector File.
There
is room in the file for 128 entries written by the factory and for 128 entries that can be written in
the field if bad sectors develop during field use.
1-8

I
-.0
LAST
CYLINDER
LAST
SURFACE
SEC
TOR
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
BAD SECTOR FILE
CONTENTS
FACTORY WRITTEN BAD SECTOR INFO
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 0, 1
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 0,1
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 0,1
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 0,1
ALL ONES
FIELD WRITTEN BAD SECTOR INFO
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 20, 21
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 20, 21
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 20, 21
ALL ONES
DUPLICATE OF SECTORS 20, 21
ALL ONES
Figure 1-6 Bad Sector File Format
TWO
SECTORS
25616 BIT
WORDS
125
ENTRIES
SECTOR
ENTRY
SECOND
BAD
SECTOR
ENTRY
.
125th BAD{
SECTOR
ENTRY
MSB 16 BIT WORD LSB
OR 15
14 113 112 1
11
1
10 1 9 8 1 7
1
6
1
5 1 4 1 3
1
2
11
1
0
0 ZERO 5
MOST SIGNIFICANT OCTAL DIGITS OF CARTRIDGE SERIAL NUMBER
1 ZERO 5 LEAST SIGNIFICANT
OCTAL DIGITS OF CARTRIDGE SERIAL NUMBER
2 ZEROES
3 ZEROES
4 ZEROES CYLINDER ADDRESS
5 ZEROES HEADl ZEROES I SECTOR ADDRESS
6
f--
SAME FORMAT AS "'IRST BAD SECTOR ENTRY
7
, r'
,
.
252
f-- SAME FORMAT AS FIRST BAD SECTOR ENTRY
253
254
ALL ONES
255
ALL ONES
NOTE:
UNUSED BAD SECTOR ENTRIES ARE ALL ONES
CZ-2028

1.6 RLOI jRL02 SPECIFICATIONS
The following tables list the specifications of the
RL01jRL02 drives and the RL01KjRL02K car-
tridges.
1. Table 1-2 RL01jRL02 Disk Drive Physical and Environmental Specifications
2. Table 1-3 RLO 1 KjRL02K Disk Drive Operational Specifications
3. Table 1-4 RL01K/RL02K Disk Cartridge Specifications
Table 1-2 RLOljRL02 Disk Drive
Physical and Environmental
Specifications
Characteristics
Width
Depth
Height
Weight
Mounting
Power Source
Input Power
Power Factor
Starting Current
Heat Dissipation
Power Cord and
Connector
Specifications
Compatible with
19 inch RETMA rack
63.5 cm (25 in) behind bezel
26.52 cm (10.44 in)
34 kg (75 lb)
The drive mounts
on chassis slides
90-127 Vac (47.5-63 Hz)
180-256 Vac (47.5-63 Hz)
(Manually selectable)
160W max at 115 Vac, 60 Hz
Greater than 0.85
3.5A (rms) max @ 90 Vacj47.5-63
Hz
5.0A (rms) max @ 127 Vac/47.5-63 Hz
1.75A (rms) max @ 180 Vac/47.5-63 Hz
2.5A (rms) max @ 254 Vac/47.5-63 Hz
546
Btu/hr max
A molded line cord compatible with the drive oper-
ating voltage and the
861 power control for 120
Vac is attached to the drive. The power cord is
2.74 m (9 ft) long and the plug is NEMA 5-15P.
The 230 Vac plug to be attached to high voltage
drives
is NEMA 6-15P.
1-10