DORIC Fiberless and Wireless Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology... User manual

Fiberless and Wireless Optogenetically Synchronized
Electrophysiology System
User Manual
Version 2.1.0

Contents
1 System Overview 3
1.1 Fiberless Wireless Electrophysiology System .................................... 3
2 Operations Guide 8
2.1 System Setup ....................................................... 8
3 Doric Neuroscience Studio 12
3.1 Fiberless and Wireless Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology .................... 12
3.2 Acquisition Console ................................................... 17
3.3 Electrophysiology Analysis Module .......................................... 32
4 Specifications 38
5 Support 40
5.1 Maintenance ....................................................... 40
5.2 Warranty ......................................................... 40
5.3 Contact us ........................................................ 40
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1
System Overview
1.1 Fiberless Wireless Electrophysiology System
The Doric Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology System (OSE) combines optogenetics with electrophysiological
recordings. The system allows the delivery of optical signal to the region of interest as well as the detection of electrical
signals and fields from neural activity.
Figure 1.1: Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology System Layout
The system uses a Fiberless & Wireless Headstage to connect the Electrophysiology Console and the Fi-Wi Opto-electric Can-
nula using wireless signal. This allows small animal subjects high mobility while performing optogenetic and electrophys-
iological recording experiments. The system can easily be integrated alongside other Doric Lenses products, including
our Behavior Tracking Camera. A standard OSE system (Fig. 1.1) contains the following elements.
• The Fiberless & Wireless Headstage.
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• The Fi-Wi Opto-electric cannula.
• The Electrophysiology Console.
• The Dummy Headstage.
• The USB Charger.
• The Test Cannula.
• The Implantation Holder.
• The Behavior tracking camera (optional).
1.1.1 Fiberless & Wireless Headstage
Figure 1.2: Fiberless & Wireless Headstage
The Fiberless & Wireless Headstage (Fig. 1.2) is an electronic device that creates the link between the opto-electric can-
nula and the electrophysiology console. Its primary use is to record, amplify and digitize the electrophysiological signal.
This is done using the Intan RHD 2132 chip. Its secondary use is as an LED driver. It sends pulse sequences to the stim-
ulation LED contained in the cannula. The headstage also contains a battery that powers the LED as well as all wireless
transmissions. The headstage is secured to the cannula using a snap-on connector.
• The Antenna is a small ridge on the side of the headstage used to transmit wireless electrical signal.
• The Headstage connector, found on the underside of the headstage, links it to the cannula transmitting data and
power.
1.1.2 Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula
Figure 1.3: Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula
Chapter 1. System Overview 4

The Fi-Wi Opto-electric cannula (Fig. 1.3) contains an LED connected to a single optical fiber, allowing light to be sent into
the region of interest. The cannula also contains the electrodes, positioned around the optical fiber, up to a maximum of
4. Electrode-only and optical-only cannulas are available on request.
• The Cannula connector (Fig. 1.3) links the cannula and the headstage, transmitting data and power.
• The Recording Electrodes receive electrical signal from the brain region in which their tips are located.
• The cannula also includes a single Reference electrode that can be intra- or extra-cranial.
• The Optical Fiber guides light from an LED integrated into the cannula.
Much care should be taken when unpackaging the Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula. The Electrodes and the Optical Fiber
are very fragile. While removing the protective cap, ensure the movement used is parallel to the axis of the Optical Fiber.
Removing the cap with a gentle unscrewing motion can help keep the cap in the right orientation.
1.1.3 Electrophysiology Console
Figure 1.4: Electrophysiology Console, Front
The Electrophysiology Console (Fig. 1.4) allows control of the different elements, as well as reception and transmission of
information from the control computer.
• The ON/OFF (Fig. 1.4) switch activates the console.
• The LCD Screen (Fig. 1.4) shows the status of the system’s channels.
• The DIGITAL I/O (Fig. 1.4) ports control, send and receive 0-5 V TTL signals.
• The HDMI (Fig. 1.4) port acquires digital signals and digital communications via a custom pinout HDMI connector.
• The Analog-Out (Fig. 1.4) ports send a variable ±5 V signal.
• The Analog-In (Fig. 1.4) ports acquire analog signals coming from various inputs.
• The two Antennas (Fig. 1.4) connect to the SMA Connectors (Fig. 1.5) and allow wireless connection to the head-
stages.
• The 12 VDC power input (Fig. 1.5) connects to the 12 VDC power supply.
• The USB Computer Connection (Fig. 1.5) port allows connection to a computer using a USB-A/USB-B cable.
• The USB Charging Port (Fig. 1.5) is used by the Fi-Wi Headstage Charger to recharge the headstage battery. It is
best to connect the charger to the console using the USB-A Male/Female cable.
• The Service (Fig. 1.5) port is a USB-B input through which the firmware of the device can be updated.
Chapter 1. System Overview 5

Figure 1.5: Electrophysiology Console, Rear
1.1.4 Fi-Wi Headstage Charger
Figure 1.6: USB Charger
The Fi-Wi Headstage Charger (Fig. 1.6) is used to recharge the headstage batteries and shut down the wireless connec-
tion. During the pairing process, all unused headstages must be on the charger, as otherwise they could be detected
instead of the one currently in use. The charger uses the same snap-in connectors as the cannula.
• The USB Connector connects the charger to the console or directly to a computer. It is recommended to use a
USB Cable (Male/Female) to connect the USB Charger.
• The Docking Ports are used to recharge headstages connected to them. When a headstage is connected to a
Docking Port, its wireless connection is shut down.
• The Status Lights, on the side of the charger, show the status of connected headstages. The one closest to the
connector is blue when the charger is ready for usage. The others are yellow when a headstage is charging on a
corresponding docking port. Once a headstage battery is fully charged, the light goes from yellow to green.
• The Antenna Position Indicator shows the proper placement of the antenna when docking a headstage to recharge
the battery.
1.1.5 Test cannula
The Test Cannula is a simplified version of the Fi-Wi cannula that is used to test headstage performance. It can be used
to test illumination sequences and ensure proper wireless connectivity, as the headstage alone provides no external
indicators of activity. It otherwise has all the same functions as the Fi-Wi cannula, with the exception that it is not designed
to be implanted.
Chapter 1. System Overview 6

1.1.6 Dummy Headstage
The Dummy Headstage is a simplified version of the Fi-Wi Headstage that is used to habituate an animal subject to the
weight of the headstage. It contains no electronics or other valuable components, and will not function as a Fi-Wi Head-
stage.
1.1.7 Implantation Holder
Figure 1.7: Fi-Wi Cannula Implantation Holder
The Implantation Holder is used to hold the Fi-Wi Cannula during implantation. The holder is made to be integrated within
a stereotaxic apparatus. The holder has the following elements.
• The Stereotaxic Clamp is used to attach the holder to a rod in a stereotaxic apparatus.
• The Headstage Connector is used to hold a Fi-Wi Headstage. A headstage in this position will be able to send/receive
signals from a cannula connected to the Cannula Connector.
• The Cannula Connector is used to hold a Fi-Wi Cannula. A cannula in this position will be able to send/receive
signals from a headstage connected to the Headstage Connector.
1.1.8 Behavior Tracking Camera
Figure 1.8: Behavior Tracking Camera
The Behavior Tracking Camera (Fig. 1.8) is an optional addition that allows the observation of the subject in real-time.
See the Behavior Tracking Camera User Manual for more information.
Chapter 1. System Overview 7

2
Operations Guide
2.1 System Setup
The following steps assume the Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula is already implanted in the region-of-interest of the animal’s
brain (Fig. 2.1). The process of implantation is not described in this document.
Figure 2.1: Implanted Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula
2.1.1 Electrophysiology Console Setup
Figure 2.2: Electrophysiology Console Setup
1. Screw each antenna into the SMA Connector. Fold the antenna upwards for optimal reception.
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2. Connect the console to the 12 VDC power supply and turn the console ON.THIS MUST BE DONE BEFORE
CONNECTING THE CONSOLE TO THE COMPUTER.
3. Connect the Fi-Wi Headstage Charger to the USB Docking Port using the USB-A (male/female) cable. Install the
headstage(s) onto the charging port.
4. Connect the console to the computer using the USB-A/USB-B Cable.
5. When the console is OFF, disconnect the USB-A/USB-B Cable before turning it back ON. Once the console is ON,
reconnect the cable.
2.1.2 Software setup
The following section details how to set up a measurement sequence using Doric Neuroscience Studio. Further detail for
each software feature is found in section 3.
Figure 2.3: Antenna Channel Configuration
1. With the console properly connected, open the Doric Neuroscience Studio. Once open, the electrophysiology con-
sole tab (Fig. 2.3) will appear. Select the Configuration tab in the Control & Settings box, then select the Add
configuration button to open the Channel configuration window.
2. In the Channel configuration window (Fig. 2.4), there are 2 Antenna channels available. When one is selected,
the channel can be configured.
• The Acquisition settings box (Fig. 2.4a-1) is used to define how electrophysiological data is acquired. This
includes triggering options, as well as frequency filters.
• The LED Options box (Fig. 2.4a-2) is used to define the cannula LED current and the current baseline.
• The Headstage settings box (Fig. 2.4a-3) is used to define the pulse sequence emitted by the cannula LED.
While the standard pulse sequence is square, the Smoothing Edges function can allow specific rise/fall times.
3. Once your channel is configured, it can be controlled using the Acquisition control tab and the tools in the Acqui-
sition view.
• Once the headstage is charged and off the charging station, click the Pair/Unpair button (Fig. 2.4b-1), which
will connect it to the console. Its Unique ID will be indicated right above the button. The wifiChannel is
shown beside the Unpair button; if multiple headstages are in use, each much have a different channel sepa-
rated by at least 10 increments.
• Once the headstage is paired, the LED sequence is triggered by the beginning of an acquisition sequence.
The sequence progression can be seen on the LED Trigger window (Fig. 2.4b-2).
• Once everything is ready, the Live/Record buttons (Fig. 2.4b-3) will start the acquisition sequence.
• With the acquisition sequence started, recorded signal will be shown in the Graphs Box (Fig. 2.4b-4).
Chapter 2. Operations Guide 9

(a) Channel configuration window setup (b) Acquisition setup
Figure 2.4: Headstage startup elements
2.1.3 Fiberless & Wireless Headstage Setup
The Fiberless and Wireless Headstage is the bridge between the Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula and the Electrophysiology Con-
sole. Some preparation is required for optimal use.
Figure 2.5: Headstage charger installation
1. The Fiberless and Wireless Headstage must first be charged. Place a headstage onto the USB Charger so the antenna
is on the position indicator.
• The console must be ON for the headstage to recharge, which requires >60 min.
• The headstage cannot connect wirelessly while being charged.
• While recharging, the Status Lights of each docking port are yellow. These turn green once the headstage
has sufficient charge to be used, which will typically take approximately an hour.
2. Remove a headstage from the USB Charger.
3. Click the Pair button in the Wireless Settings. Once properly paired, the section will display the Headstage ID,
the Battery Level and the Signal Strength.
Chapter 2. Operations Guide 10

Figure 2.6: Headstage placement
4. The headstage is connected to the cannula using a snap-on connector. For the two elements to connect properly,
the headstage antenna ridge must be oriented towards the front of the cannula, as shown in Figure 2.6.
5. Connect the headstage to the Test Cannula and place it inside the experimental space. Test your Signal Strength
and the LED to ensure proper function of the headstage. This is used to validate transmission quality between the
headstage and the console during an experiment.
6. The headstage can then be installed onto the Fi-Wi Opto-electric Cannula for experimental use. Ensure the protec-
tive cap is removed from the cannula using a motion that is parallel to the Optical Fiber, as described in section
1.1.2.
7. After use, place the Fiberless and Wireless Headstage back onto the USB Charger to reset the wireless connec-
tion.
8. To ensure optimal transmission:
• The experimental subjects should be on the same plane as the console antenna.
• Avoid placing metallic objects between the console and the Headstage. For proper transmission, the vertical
faces of the animal cage must be non-metallic.
• If signal is not received properly, change the wireless Channel. Wi-Fi signal can interfere with transmission.
• Ensure the antenna is fully screwed into the SMA Connector (Fig. 1.5).
• Before use in an experiment, place the Fi-Wi Headstage in the experimental area to verify transmission quality.
9. It is possible to connect a second Fiberless and Wireless Headstage to the console at the same time. When using
a second headstage, ensure that each headstage is using a Channel at least 10 increments from the other.
Chapter 2. Operations Guide 11

3
Doric Neuroscience Studio
3.1 Fiberless and Wireless Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology
Optogenetically Synchronized Electrophysiology (OSE) systems require delivery of appropriate optical signals to the
point of interest within neural tissue as well as detection and processing of the electrical signals from neural activity.
The Wireless OSE module incorporates different functions to control our Doric Fiberless & Wireless OSE system. The
core of the system is the Fiberless & Wireless Headstage. This device controls a Wireless cannula containing several
electrophysiological probes and an LED light source. This cannula is implanted into the brain of an animal and records
electrophysiological data while sending pulse sequences of light. This headstage is controlled from the Electrophysiol-
ogy Console, which transfers data between the headstage and the computer.
Figure 3.1: Electrophysiology console user interface
12

3.1.1 Channels
As the electrophysiology console has 4 different channel types. As it shares its basic architecture with our photometry
consoles, the 3 first channel types (Digital I/O,Analog Output and Analog Input) are described in section 3.2. The
Antenna channels are used to control the fiberless and wireless headstage (section 3.1.1).
Figure 3.2: Electrophysiology channel configuration window
1. The Channel Types (Fig. 3.2) are selected on the left side of the window. Selecting the channel icon will display the
parameters of each respective Channel type.
2. The Wireless settings (Fig. 3.2) are used to select recording and transmission settings.
a) The Antenna selection (Fig. 3.2) box shows the currently selected antenna.
b) The Trigger options (Fig. 3.2) box allows the selection of trigger parameters for data acquisition.
i. The Trigger source can either be Manual, or can come from the Digital I/O channels.
ii. The Trigger mode can be one of two types. In Triggered mode, the measurement sequence starts when
a trigger signal is received, and continues even if the trigger signal stops. In Gated mode (currently in
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 13

development), the measurement sequence when a high TTL signal (>4 V) is detected, and will stop when
a low TTL signal (<0.4 V) is detected.
This source can either be Manual, or from one of the four Digital I/O channels. The Trigger Mode can be
either Triggered or Gated.
c) The Pre-processing (Fig. 3.2)filters define the high and low-pass frequency cutoff for electrical signal re-
ceived by the headstage.
3. The LED options (Fig. 3.2) are all parameters used to control the light source of the cannula connected to the Fi-Wi
headstage.
a) The Channel options (Fig. 3.2) are used to control the LED mode and current.
i. The Mode (Fig. 3.2) allows the selection of the pulse sequence mode. At time of writing, only Square
mode is available.
ii. The Maximum current (Fig. 3.2) defines the current sent to the cannula LED. For proper function of the
cannula, the current should always be greater than 10 mA.
iii. The Baseline (Fig. 3.2) leaves a small offset to the current sent to the LED. It is reccomended to use a
small offset, as a complete shut-down of the LED will induce a spike in the electrical acquisition signal.
b) The Sequence options (Fig. 3.2) box is where LED pulse sequence parameters are defined.
i. The Starting Delay (Fig. 3.2) sets the delay (in hh:mm:ss:zzz format) before the first pulse.
ii. The Frequency/Period (Fig. 3.2) sets the frequency (in Hz) or period (in ms) for the pulse sequence.
For example, a signal at 10 Hz (frequency) will output one pulse every 100 ms (period), whereas a pulse
sequence at 0.5 Hz (frequency) will output one pulse every 2000 ms (period).
iii. The Time ON/Duty Cycle (Fig. 3.2) sets the time (in ms) or the duty cycle (in %) for each pulse. The Time
ON must be lower than (1/frequency)+0.005 ms, while the Duty cycle must be below 100 %. These
squares will appear red should an impossible Frequency/time ON be selected.
iv. The Smoothing option is used to change the pulse slope in square pulse sequences. The Edit Edges
button opens the Smoothing Edge(s) window (Fig. 3.3).
Figure 3.3: Light Source Smoothing Edge(s) Window
A. The Rise Time box is used to define the duration to rise from 0 to the pulse maximum.
B. The Plateau Time box is used to defined the duration the pulse is at its maximum value.
C. The Fall Time box is used to define the duration to descend from the pulse maximum to 0.
D. The Pulse Graph displays the pulse shape.
E. The Active Time box displays the total duration of the pulse. While the Smoothing option is active,
the Time ON is fixed at this value.
(need to include section
v. The Pulses per sequence (Fig. 3.2) sets the number of pulses per sequence. If it is set to 0, the pulse will
be repeated indefinitely.
vi. The Number of sequences (Fig. 3.2) sets the number of times that the sequence will be repeated. If it is
set to 0, the sequence will be repeated indefinitely.
vii. The Delay between sequences (Fig. 3.2) sets the delay (in hh:mm:ss:zzz format) between each sequence
if the Number of Sequences is greater than 1.
viii. The Total Duration (Fig. 3.2) displays the total time of the experiment. The different values can be Inf
for infinite, a valid time value or Err if the Time ON value is greater than 1/frequency.
c) The Preview box shows a preview of the pulse sequence.
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 14

3.1.2 Control and Settings tabs
The three Control and settings tabs are used to manage different parts of the software, and are described in section
3.2.2.
3.1.3 Acquisition View
The Acquisition View box displays all information concerning active channel. Each channel chosen using Add Channel is
displayed on the window, occupying a rectangular box. Each Channel box shows a number of basic elements, described
in section 3.2.3. Elements uniquely associated with the Antenna channel are described here.
Figure 3.4: Electrophysiology acquisition view, Antenna box
1. The Controls box (Fig. 3.5a) displays elements to control and monitor the wireless headstage.
(a) Acquisition View, Controls (b) LED Trigger-Trigged by Acquisition Window
Figure 3.5: Acquisition View Interfaces
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 15

a) The LED trigger buttons opens the LED trigger options window. In this window, the Triggered By Acquisi-
tion option is available; other options are still in beta, and will be made available at a later date. Sequences
can be activated/shut down while this window is open.
• The LED Trigged by acquisition (Fig. 3.5b) mode activates the LED when an acquisition sequence is
started. This includes the moment the Headstage is initially activated, and when a recording session is
started using one of the Ephys Trigger Options.
b) The Nickname box allows the user to change the name used for the connected headstage.
c) The Unique ID box displays the unique ID sequence associated with the headstage currently in use.
d) The Version box displays the headstage firmware version.
e) The Channel drop-down list shows the channel currently in use by the headstage. When using two head-
stages, the channel must be different for each headstage.
f) The Pair button is used to pair an active headstage to a console. When a headstage is paired, it becomes the
Unpair button, which unpairs the active headstage associated with the given antenna.
g) The Battery Level bar displays the headstage battery level, in %, at all times.
h) The Signal strength bar displays the signal strength. If the signal strength is acceptable (100-76%) the bar
appears blue. If the signal strength is low (75-50%), it will appear yellow. If the signal strength is critically low
(<50%), it will appear red.
i) The Status bar displays acquisition status. STOPPED is displayed when the acquisition is inactive, and STARTED
when acquisition is active.
2. The Electrode Traces (Fig. 3.4) displays the signal detected by the cannula electrodes, in numbered order.
3. The LED Trace (Fig. 3.4) displays the current being sent to the cannula LED.
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 16

3.2 Acquisition Console
The heart of the Electrophysiology console is the acquisition console, an FPGA based data acquisition unit which syn-
chronizes the output control and the input data of the acquisition. The interface provides different functionalities for
multi-channel experiments. It enables control over the excitation light pulses, or the sinusoidal waveform trig of an ex-
ternal source (i.e. Doric LED driver) with 4 TTL and 4 analog voltage outputs. The module interface displays real-time
recordings of up to 4 input signals and performs basic signal processing. The system is controlled using 3 Control and
Settings tabs. Separate channel windows are used to define output/input specifications.
Figure 3.6: Console User Interface
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 17

3.2.1 Channels
The console has three different types of channels. The Digital I/O (Section 3.2.1) channels allow the input and output of
TTL signals. The Analog Output (Section 3.2.1) channels allow the output of analog signals. The Analog Input (Section
3.2.1) channels allow the input of analog signals. Any number of channels may be added using the Add channel button
on the Configuration tab (Section 3.2.2). The Channel(s) configuration window contains the following elements shared
by most channel types.
Figure 3.7: Channel(s) configuration window, Digital I/O input
1. The Channel Types (Fig. 3.7) are selected in the box on the left side of the window. Selecting the Digital I/O ,
Analog-Out or Analog Input icons will display the parameters to each respective Channel type on the right side
of the window.
2. The Channel Options (Fig. 3.7) include the Channel drop-down list and the channel Mode list.
a) The Channel identifies which of the 4 channels available for each channel type is currently being modified.
The channel can be changed by selecting a new one from the drop-down list.
b) The Mode identifies the type of signal sent (for output channels) or the way the signal is measured (for input
channels). The specifics of these choices are defined in the section for each channel type.
3. The Trigger Options (Fig. 3.7) define the trigger methods. These options include the trigger Source and Mode.
a) The Source trigger option allows the choice of a Manual Trigger (activated by a user) or an Input trigger,
coming from an input on a Digital I/O channel.
b) The Mode defines how the trigger activates a sequence. This includes input sequences, which can be trig-
gered/gated by an outside source.
• In Triggered mode, the sequence is started manually or by a trigger source from another digital input
channel. Once the trigger source is received, the sequence will continue until the end or until Stop is
pressed.
• In Gated mode, the sequence will play as long as there is a high TTL signal (4 V or more) on the input
modulation BNC. This signal comes from a different light source or device driver. When the TTL signal is
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 18

low (0.4 V or less), the sequence stops and waits for another high TTL signal to continue. This mode will
cut pulses, with a new pulse restarting once the high signal returns.
4. The Sequence Options (Fig. 3.7) define the parameters of each pulse sequence for output channels. These param-
eters are defined with each channel type. Should a parameter chosen be impossible to apply to a sequence (For
example, a Time ON greater than 1/Frequency), the color of the option boxes will turn RED.
5. The Sequence Preview (Fig. 3.7) section allows visualization of the output sequence that will play by selecting the
channel in the graph.
6. The Apply button (Fig. 3.7) will generate the defined channel OR update an already configured channel with any
changes.
Digital I/O Channels
With the Digital I/O channels, each digital channel can be configured as an output or an input and create TTL (On/Off)
pulse sequences. Each numbered channel corresponds to the same number digital channel on the console. Pulse se-
quences have different parameters depending on the Channel Mode, which can be Continuous or Square for output
sequences and Input for input signals. The Channels Configuration window contains the following elements for a Digi-
tal I/O channel.
Figure 3.8: Channel(s) configuration window, Digital I/O CW
• The CW(Continuous Wave) channel mode (Fig. 3.8) allows the creation of a continuous TTL pulse sequence. The
following elements appear in the Sequence Options box.
1. The Starting Delay defines the time between the activation of the pulse sequence and the beginning of the
signal.
2. The Time ON defines the length of time the continuous signal is active. Should the time chosen be 0, the
signal will continue until the pulse sequence is stopped manually.
3. The Total Duration shows the total expected duration of the pulse sequence. Should the duration be infinite,
the box will display ∞. If there is an error in parameter selection, this box will display N/A.
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 19

• The Square channel mode (Fig. 3.9) allows the creation of a square TTL pulse sequence. This includes all sequence
options as the CW mode, with the following additions.
1. The Frequency sets the frequency (in Hz), which is the number of pulses per second. The frequency can also
be changed to the Period. For example, a signal at 10 Hz (frequency) will output one pulse every 100 ms
(period), whereas a signal at 0.5 Hz (frequency) will output one pulse every 2 seconds (period).
2. The Time ON defines the length of a single pulse. This time can also be converted to a Duty Cycle, which
indicates the % of the period the pulse duration corresponds to.
3. The Pulse(s) per sequence set the number of pulses per sequence. If it is set to 0, the number of pulses will
be infinite.
4. The Number of sequence(s) sets the number of times that the sequence will be repeated.
5. The Delay between sequences sets the delay between each sequence.
• The Input mode (Fig 3.7) receives a signal that is translated to 0 (Off)or1(On). The channel can then be used
as a trigger source for all the other channels of the console. No Sequence Options or Sequence Previews are
available for this mode.
Figure 3.9: Channel(s) configuration window, Digital I/O square
Chapter 3. Doric Neuroscience Studio 20