Dupont Apollo Instruction sheet

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 1 OF 27
本文件是杜邦太陽能有限公司專屬財產, 非經杜杜邦太陽能有限公司事前書面許可, 嚴禁散佈,重製,複製或揭露其中任何內容。
The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo PV Modules

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 2 OF 27
本文件是杜邦太陽能有限公司專屬財產, 非經杜杜邦太陽能有限公司事前書面許可, 嚴禁散佈,重製,複製或揭露其中任何內容。
The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................3
1.1 DuPont Apollo Thin Film Module.................................................................................................3
1.2 Safety and Product Warranty Warning..........................................................................................3
1.3 Mounting Site Selection.................................................................................................................4
1.4 Module Tilt Angle..........................................................................................................................5
1.5 Avoid Shading................................................................................................................................6
1.6 Mounting the A and C series Module............................................................................................7
1.7 Mounting the B and D series Module..........................................................................................13
1.8 Series and Parallel Connection ....................................................................................................17
1.9 Over Current Protection Device and Reverse Current Blocking Device.....................................19
1.10 Grounding and Lightning Protection .........................................................................................19
1.11 PV Inverter Selection.................................................................................................................20
1.12 Junction Box, Wiring and Connector.........................................................................................21
1.13 Bypass Diode .............................................................................................................................22
1.14 Clean and Maintenance..............................................................................................................23
2.0 Package & Label of A and C series Module................................................................................24
2.1 Package & Label of the B and D series Module..........................................................................25
3.0 Disclaimers...................................................................................................................................27

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 3 OF 27
本文件是杜邦太陽能有限公司專屬財產, 非經杜杜邦太陽能有限公司事前書面許可, 嚴禁散佈,重製,複製或揭露其中任何內容。
The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
1.0 Introduction
This section will provide a general guidance for the application and installation of DuPont
Apollo thin film photovoltaic modules. Please read this manual thoroughly before
installation or use of modules. Non-compliance with these instructions may void the
module warranty. DuPont Apollo assumes no liability for damages incurred due to
noncompliance of these instructions.
1.1 DuPont Apollo Thin Film Module
DuPont Apollo thin film photovoltaic convert sunlight to electricity directly, we provide a
sustainable energy solution to protect our environment. DuPont Apollo thin film PV
technology generates more energy yield (kWh) in different weather condition, compared to
traditional silicon solar module (Low Light Sensitivity). DuPont Apollo thin film PV can still
maintain superior power performance after long term use, and create excellent value to
our customers.
With proper operation and maintenance, DuPont Apollo modules will provide you with
clean, renewable solar electricity for many years. This manual contains important
installations, maintenance and safety information. All instructions should be read and
understood before attempting installation.
1.2 Safety and Product Warranty Warning
Products have been inspected before shipment. Please confirm module condition before
installation. Please obey all the installation requirements in this installation guide, or the
warranty is NOT provided.
•Solar modules generate electricity when exposed to light. Arrays of many solar
modules can cause lethal shock and burn hazards when exposed to light.
•Solar modules should be covered with an opaque material during installation to
avoid shocks or burns.
•Use insulated tools for electrical connections.
•Only connect modules with the same rated output current in series.
•Keep children away from the modules while transporting and installing.
•Do not touch live terminals without insulated tools.
•Do not cover drainage holes with parts of the mounting system.
•Do not lift the module by grasping the module's junction box or electrical leads.
•Do not stand or step on module.
•Do not drop the module or allow objects to fall on the module.
•Do not place any heavy objects on the module.
•Do not drill holes in the glass surface of the module.
•Do not artificially concentrate sunlight on modules.
•Do not install modules where a flammable gas may be present.
•Do not remove any part installed by DuPont Apollo or disassemble the module.

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 4 OF 27
本文件是杜邦太陽能有限公司專屬財產, 非經杜杜邦太陽能有限公司事前書面許可, 嚴禁散佈,重製,複製或揭露其中任何內容。
The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
•Do not wear metallic rings, watchbands, ear, nose, or lip rings or other metallic
devices while installing or troubleshooting photovoltaic systems.
1.3 Mounting Site Selection
•It is important to select a suitable location for installation of the PV module.
•The PV modules should be mounted in a location where they will receive maximum
sunlight throughout the year for grid-connected PV system.
•For optimum performance, in the northern hemisphere, the modules should face
true south, and in the southern hemisphere, the modules should face true north.
•The module should not be shaded at any time of the day.
•When choosing a site, avoid trees, buildings and obstructions which could cast
shadows on the PV modules especially during the winter months when the arc of
the sun is lowest over the horizon.
•Mount the modules far away from equipment or in locations where flammable gases
can be generated or collected.
•In case of roof mounting applications, the modules must be installed on a fire
resistant roof covering rated for this application.
•The installation of DuPont Apollo modules in horizontal orientation, so called
landscape orientation, is prohibited. Installing DuPont Apollo modules horizontally
would generate high risk of hot spot issues, glass broken and low electric yield
performance.
•Only installation in vertical orientation, so called portrait orientation, is allowed.
•Do not install modules in the horizontal direction.
•Installation nearby the seashore will damage modules from salty breeze or salt
water.
•People must install PV system at least 500m away from the seashore.
Figure 1

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 5 OF 27
本文件是杜邦太陽能有限公司專屬財產, 非經杜杜邦太陽能有限公司事前書面許可, 嚴禁散佈,重製,複製或揭露其中任何內容。
The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
1.4 Module Tilt Angle
•PV modules generate the most power when they are pointed directly at the sun.
•For standalone installations where the PV modules are mounted to a permanent
structure, the PV modules should be tilted at optimum condition as under winter
season or the maximum demand period.
•As a rule, for constant load demand if the system power production is adequate in
the winter, it will be sufficient during the rest of the year.
•For grid-connected PV systems, the PV modules should be tilted for maximizing
annual energy production. The tilt angle is the angle between the PV modules and
the plane shown in Figure 2. Generally the tilt angle is equal or slightly smaller to
the latitude of the mounting site.
•More than 10 degree tilt angle is recommended for module self-cleaning ability by
rain.
•In the heavy snow area, the tilt angle is recommend to be set more than 45° to
increase that the snow leaves from the module surface by gravitation effect.
•Also, the tilt angle is recommended to be higher than 10°because the modules will
be able to self-clean during raining.
Figure 2

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 6 OF 27
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
1.5 Avoid Shading
•The module should not be shaded at any time of the day.
•Shading can cause power loss and hot-spot problem so it must be considered to
reduce shading to an acceptable level.
•Shading can be controlled by keeping an empty space between two module rows or
lowering tilt angle. However, empty space requires more land area and lower tilt
angle results less power yield. For avoiding shading, the only parameter to tune
empty space is Distance(X) showed in the Figure 3 and Figure 4. The higher value
of Distance(X), the more power yield will be harvested. When tune Distance(X), the
power yield result will not like linear change.
•If shading cannot be totally avoided, it must be considered in the system design
stage to decrease the shading to an acceptable status. This acceptable status
depends on the economical analysis between the system cost and the profit from
power yield.
•The distance between sun and earth is the longest at summer and winter solstices.
Thus for general recommendation, the system shall avoid mutual shading at all
except 09:00-15:00 at winter solstice.
•However, this rule does not suitable for all latitude. For example, the sun incident
angle is less than 1°in Helsinki (around 60°N) at 9am of the winter solstice, which
will not have explicit effect in system yield. Thus, the system planners shall consider
both efficiency and economic to decide the land area.
Figure 3

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 7 OF 27
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Figure 4
•Avoid modules being shaded at any time throughout year.
•Even partial shading of the modules (e.g. by overhead lines, dirt, snow) should be
avoided.
•Shading of the modules may cause hot spot phenomenon which appears on the
surfaces as white dots.
•Do not shade any portion of the module during installation as this will cause heating
(e.g. tools, clothes, etc.)
•Covering cell area would cause cell damage under sunlight.
•Overlapping modules may shade completely one or more cells for an extended
period of time. People must set the modules without overlap each other.
1.6 Mounting the A and C series Module
Method 1: by Screwing:
•The DuPont Apollo A and C series PV modules are with frame.
•The frame of each module has eight 12x10 mm diameter holes and four 3.5 mm
ground holes.
•The holes at location “557mm form middle line” shown in Figure 5 are the only 4
holes to secure the modules to the supporting structure. Again, the modules should
be fastened to a support only using the four bolt holes located at the bottom of the
frame location “557mm form middle line”.
•The mounting structure and hardware must be made of durable, corrosion-resistant
and UV-resistant material.
•The example of a mounted structure is shown in Figure 6. The mounting holes can
be used with stainless steel M8 bolts, M8 washers and M8 nuts. The other holes
are reserved only for system integrators who are capable to design other mounting
method to cater overall building structure and actual PV system application.
•PV cells of our thin-film PV module have a stripe line pattern. So, please avoid
shade from covering the striped line pattern.
Distance (X)

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
•It is requested that the PV modules are installed with the stripe lines in the vertical
position.
•The installation with the striped line in a horizontal position is prohibited.
•Permanent damage to an output characteristic of PV modules may occur, or an
exfoliation of thin-film silicon may appear if the PV modules are installed with
horizontal position and are covered by snow, dust and dirt.
•The distance between modules and ground should be large enough to avoid water
or snow sopping.
Figure 5

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Figure 6
Recommended torque of screws:
Socket head cap screw Hex head cap screws Socket head cap screws
Grade 8.8 Grade 10.9
Grade 12.9
M8 X 1.0 18 -
M8 X 1.2 17 2629
Torque unit: pounds/foot
Highly suggested to use full-metal, self-locking nuts with spring-washers to enhance
system reliability wherever vibration is a concern like wind vibration.

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Method 2: by Clamping
•Clamping is a common installation method for mounting PV module.
•If you decide to use clamping method, the following requirement must be match.
The figure 7 shows two middle clips and four side clips to fix two modules on a
supporting structure.
Figure 7
•The middle clips (in Figure 8) are used to fix two modules, and side clips (in Figure
9) are used for the edge of a single module.
Figure 8

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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
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strictly prohibited.
Figure 9
•The clip position is 90 mm (count from the center point of clip) from the module
edge, and all clips shall be installed symmetrically. The clip length shall be among
50 mm to 70 mm, and the chosen clip is design for 35 mm thickness module frame.
In addition, the width of bottom profile shall be less than 60 mm, otherwise it may
block the grounding hole of the module.
•The torque to fix bolt is around 5 Nm.
90mm
90mm
Figure 10

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less than 60mm
50~70mm
50~70mm
Figure 11

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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
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1.7 Mounting the B and D series Module
•The DuPont Apollo B and D series PV modules are frameless.
•Figure 12 shows the schematic drawing of the module with 4 back rails for
connecting to the supporting structure. The length of back rails are 350 mm and 400
mm, and the corresponding mechanical load are 2400/2400 Pa (front/back) and
5400/2400 Pa, respectively, with the centers at the same locations.
•The tolerance of mounting position is +/- 2 mm.
•Figure 13 shows the side view of the back rail. The modules should be fastened to
a support by using 4 stainless steel M8 screws and M8 washers, as shown in
Figure 14.
•The mounting structure and hardware must be made of durable, corrosion-resistant
and UV-resistant material.
•Figure 15 shows an example of setting up the supporting structure.

Du Pont Apollo Limited
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Figure 12
Figure 13

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strictly prohibited.
Figure 14

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strictly prohibited.
Figure 15

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1.8 Series and Parallel Connection
•Cover the surface of PV module completely with opaque material to stop the
generation of electricity before electrical installation.
•The cover shall only be taken away after system is ready for operating, and people
shall not stand in front of the PV module any time during system operation.
Otherwise, it may cause shadow and white spot on the module.
•Only trained personnel familiar with the principles of electricity and electrical
equipment should install PV modules.
•Use properly insulated tools.
•If modules are connected in series, the total voltage is equal to the sum of the
individual module voltages.
•Only connect modules or series combinations of modules with the same voltage in
parallel.
•If modules are connected in parallel, the total current is equal to the sum of
individual module current.
•Make sure the modules are arranged such that the current and voltage
characteristics of the array are within the tolerances of the device to which the array
will connect.
•System voltage of PV Module A1, A5, B1, C1, C3, D1 and D3 series are rated up to
1000V.
•For detailed specifications of all series PV modules, please refer to Data Sheet.
•Figure 16 shows an example of three modules are connected in series.
•Figure 17 shows an example of three modules are connected in parallel.
•Under normal conditions, a photovoltaic module is likely to experience conditions
that produce more current and/or voltage than reported at standard test conditions.
•Accordingly, the values of Isc and Voc marked on this module should be multiplied
by a factor of 1.25 when determining component voltage ratings, conductor currents,
fuse sizes, and size of controls connected to the PV output.
•For PV modules with front glass and TCO coating (Transparent Conductive Oxide
coating), so called “Superstrate Technology”, grounding of the negative pole of the
generator is necessary to reduce the risk of accelerated TCO corrosion.
•To ensure warranty of Dupont Apollo PV modules, it is essential to select PV
inverters with isolation transformer and PV inverters with grounding kit inside input
of negative pole of PV strings.
•PV inverters have to be equipped with negative grounding kit.
•Isolation transformer is also needed and can be placed either internally or externally
of the PV inverters.
•Other than what are mentioned here, no special requirement is needed for the
selection of cables and other electrical components.

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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
Figure 16
Figure 17
-+ -+ -+
+
_
-+
-+ -+
+
_

Du Pont Apollo Limited
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The information contained herein is the proprietary property of Du Pont Apollo Limited, any unauthorized distribution,
reproduction, copy and/or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written permission of Du Pont Apollo Limited is
strictly prohibited.
1.9 Over Current Protection Device and Reverse Current Blocking Device
•Over current protection device is fuse and reverse current blocking device is
blocking diode.
•If people connect module without fuse or blocking diode in each string, then no
protection device blocks reverse current and will causes damage on the modules.
•Connecting string without blocking diode will damage the modules.
•Connecting some strings in parallel without over current protection in each string
will cause high reverse current and causes damage on the modules.
•The over current protection rating, so called reverse current and fuse rating, of A1,
A5 and B1 series PV module is 3 amp and for C1 and D1 series PV modules is 2
amp.
•The fuse current rating, the fuse voltage rating is at least 1.25 * (maximum string
open circuit voltage).
•If each PV string has one fuse, there is no limitation of the number of strings.
•If no fuse is used, the maximum number of string to be connected in parallel is two.
•The blocking diode should be used at the end of each PV string.
•The current rating of the blocking diode is the same as that of fuse and the diode
voltage rating is at least 1.25 * (maximum string open circuit voltage).
•There are two methods to calculate the possible number of modules to connect
within one PV string. The method 1, to fulfill IEC standard, for example if maximum
system voltage of module and maximum input voltage of PV inverter is 1000V and
open circuit voltage of module is 100V, the maximum number of modules in one
string is eight with a 1.25 times safety factor (1000/1.25/100=8). And the method 2,
find out the record lowest temperature. Calculate the maximum open circuit voltage
at the lowest temperature by temperature coefficient of one module. If maximum
system voltage of module and maximum input voltage of PV inverter is 1000V and
maximum open circuit voltage at the lowest temperature of one module is 120V, the
maximum number of modules in one string is eight (1000/120=8.3).
1.10 Grounding and Lightning Protection
•The frame of each module has four 3.5mm ground holes in the corner. These holes
are used to connect the modules to the earth ground as shown in Figure 18.
•The ground holes can be used with stainless steel M3 machine screw, lock washer
and M3 nut.
•Attach all module frames to a true earth ground by using ground wire with proper
size.
•All module frames and mounting racks must be properly grounded in accordance
with the appropriate electrical codes.
•Avoid corrosion due to dissimilar metals to be used and tighten the screw firmly.
•The torque of ground screw is between 8 and12 Kgf.

Du Pont Apollo Limited
杜邦太陽能有限公司
TPD Title: TPD Code No.: Rev. No.: Confidential Level: Page no.:
Installation Guideline of
DuPont Apollo
PV Modules (English Version) GL-DAXXX-ITG-EN 1.2 Public 20 OF 27
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strictly prohibited.
Figure 18
•For PV modules, the frames and mounting structure are needed to be grounded to
earth ground.
•For PV system, it is recommended to install lightning rod, lightning protection belt
and surge arrestor around the PV module and electrical equipments.
1.11 PV Inverter Selection
•The negative poles of photovoltaic inverters must have grounding kit to keep
reference voltage for avoiding TCO corrosion. The positively charged sodium ions
in glass could move towards TCO and attack TCO/glass interface, which results
delamination of the films.
•Negative grounding of the inverters can slow down such process and increase the
long term reliability of solar modules.
•It is necessary that a transformerless photovoltaic inverter connects to a
transformer to have a galvanic isolation.
•Planers can choose a transformerless photovoltaic inverter but an extra transformer
shall be added in the system.
•Photovoltaic inverters of thin-film photovoltaic system must have grounding at
negative input.
•If an external transformer is applied in the system, the primary side of the isolation
transformer must avoid having grounding.
•Some transformerless photovoltaic inverters suppliers announce their technologies
do not need to use transformer, but user needs to confirm with inverter and module
manufacturers before installation.