Epson AcuLaser CX11N Assembly instructions

Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page i.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
REVISION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
XEROGRAPHY CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Monochrome (Single Color) Laser Printer Image Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Step 1: Charging/Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Step 2: Exposure/Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Step 3: Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 4: Image Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Step 5: Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Step 6: Fusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Step 7: Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Color Laser Printer Image Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Copier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Sending a Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Receiving a Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CONTROL PANEL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Support Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Changing the LCD Panel Backlight Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Setting Print Density, Feed Offset, and Scan Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
EEPROM Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Panel Settings Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
RAM Check All Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Maintenance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Maintenance Mode Menu Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
MFP Maintenance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Self Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fax Maintenance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
MOTORS, SOLENOIDS & CLUTCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Printer Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ADF Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Scanner Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

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Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page ii.
Solenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Printer Solenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ADF Solenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Scanner Solenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Printer Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
ADF Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Scanner Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
CIRCUIT BOARDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Printer Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Scanner Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ADF Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SWITCHES AND SENSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Printer Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ADF Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Printer Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ADF Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Scanner Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
DISASSEMBLY/ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Right Side Cover Assembly Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Reassembly Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Error Message During Power-up/Warm-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Error Codes and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Warnings and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Service Required Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Power-up Sequence Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Printer Paper Jams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Print Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Incorrect Colors or Hueing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Streaks, Lines or Blotches in Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Light Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Blank Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Solid Black Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Vertical White Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Horizontal White Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Ghosting (Residual Image) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Grey Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Distorted Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page iii.
Wrinkled or Folded Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Image Not Fixed (Fused) To Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Color Ghosting (Outlining) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Uneven Print Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Abnormal Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Abnormal Noise At Power-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Abnormal Noise During Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Abnormal Noise During Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
ADF (Automatic Document Feeder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
No Paper Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Paper Jams/Misfeeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
MAIN LOGIC BOARD CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
REVISION HISTORY Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page iv.
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION HISTORY
07/05/05 First Release
7/28/05 Added Table of Abbreviations, updated Switches and Sensors, Troubleshooting to
include Scanner and ADF, and Circuit Board information
9/9/05 Corrected spelling and grammer errors.
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page v.
ABBREVIATIONS
ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automatic Density Control
AG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analog Ground
APS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Auto Paper Select
ARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Auto Registration Control
ASSY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assembly
ATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Auto Tray Switching
B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Black
BCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bias Charge Roll
Bk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Black
BLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Black
BLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Blue
BRN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Brown
BTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bias Transfer Roll (Transfer Unit)
BUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Back Up Roll
C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cyan
CCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charge-Coupled Device
CCW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Counterclockwise
CLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cleaner
CMYK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
CRU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Customer Replaceable Unit
CRUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CRU Monitor
CTRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cartridge
CW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clockwise
DET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Detoner Roll
DEVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Developer
DIAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Diagnostic
DIMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dual Inline Memory Module
DISP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dispense
DPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dots Per Inch

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DTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Detack Saw
DUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Duplex
ESB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Electro Static Brush
ESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Electric Subsystem
F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Front
FEED,FDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feeder
FFc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Flat Flexible Cable
FIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fault Isolation Procedure
GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ground
GRN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Green
GRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gray
HT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Half Tone
HUM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Humidity
HVPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .High Voltage Power Supply
ICDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Image Count Dispense Control
ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Image Density (or Identification)
IBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Intermediate Belt Transfer (Intermediate Transfer Unit)
INTL,INLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Interlock
I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Input/Output (typically refers to an interface between two devices - i.e. parallel, USB, or
ethernet)
IOT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Image Output Terminal
K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Black
L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Left
L/H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Left Hand
LD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Laser Diode
LDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lightly Doped Drain
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Light-Emitting Diode
LEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Long Edge Feed
LH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Left Hand
LV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Low Voltage
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Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page vii.
LVPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Low Voltage Power Supply
M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magenta
MAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magnet Roll
MCU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machine Control Unit
MLB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Main Logic Board
MOB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marks On Belt
MOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Motor
MSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Multi Sheet Inserter
N/P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .No Paper
NVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Non-Volatile Memory
OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Original Equipment Manufacturing
OHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Overhead Project (In this manual, OHP means a transparent sheet.)
OP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operation
OPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Organic Photo Conductor
ORN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Orange
PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Personal Computer
PCDC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pixel Count Dispense Control
PCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Photo Conductor Unit
PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Paper Handling
PHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Printer Head
PNK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pink
POP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Paper On Photoreceptor
PPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prints Per Minute
PR,P/R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Process
PV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Print Volume
PWB(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Printed Wiring Board (Assembly)
R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Right
R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rear
R/H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Right Hand
REF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Refresher

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REGI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Registration
RH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Right Hand
ROS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raster Output Scanner
ROT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rotary
RTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rubber Tube Charger
RTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Return
SEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Short Edge Feed
SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Signal Ground
SMH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Special Material Handler
SNR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sensor
SOL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Solenoid
SOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Start Of Scan
STM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Single Tray Module
SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Switch
TEMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temperature
TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tray Module
TNR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Toner
TP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Thermopile
TR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transfer
VIO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Violet
WHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .White
XERO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Xerographic
Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yellow
YEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yellow
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page 1.
XEROGRAPHY CONCEPTS
Monochrome (Single Color) Laser Printer Image Formation
Laser printers employ the Xerographic or Electrophotographic process. This process uses a laser beam to etch the
image onto a light sensitive material, high voltages to move toner to the paper and heat to fuse the toner to the media.
The entire process can be broken down into 7 steps. The steps are as follows; Conditioning/Charging, Exposure/Writ-
ing, Development, Transfer, Separation, Fusing, and Cleaning.
Figure 1: Xenographic/Electrophotographic image formation process

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Step 1: Charging/Conditioning
Conditioning is the first step of laser printer image formation process. During this stage, a high negative charge is
applied across the entire surface of the OPC Drum (Organic Photo Conductive) via the charging roller (see Figure
2). The surface of the OPC Drum consists of a photo conductive film material which enables it to accept and retain
the negative charge.
Fig 2: OPC receives a uniform negative charge of approx -600V
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Step 2: Exposure/Writing
The image is etched onto the OPC Drum using a laser diode, motor driven polygonal mirror and a series of lenses
and mirrors. The laser beam is deflected by the polygonal mirror, through a series of lenses and mirrors and onto
the OPC Drum. The laser triggers the SOS (Start Of Scan) Sensor to indicate the start of the print line, which then
signals the logic to begin transmitting the print data. The print engine board controls the speed of the polygonal mirror
motor and the modulation of the laser.
Figure 3: The laser diode writes a latent electrostatic image on the OPC Drum
• The laser diode emits a
beam toward the
polygon mirror which
redirects the beam
towards the surface of
the OPC Drum. Where
the surface of the OPC
Drum is exposed to the
beam, only -50v to -
100v remain. The rest
ofthechargedissipates
to ground because the
surface cannot hold
that amount of charge
when exposed to light.
Leg_Sec06_008FA
Drum
Mirror
Lens COL
Lens CYL
Lens L1
Polygon Mirror
PWBA SOS
SOS Sensor
Scanner Assy
PWBA LD
Mirror SOS
Window

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Step 3: Development
In the development stage, the toner is transferred to the electrostatic image on the OPC Drum. The negatively
charged toner on the Magnetic Roller is attracted to the less-negative latent image on the OPC Drum. The amount
of toner that is attracted to the Magnetic Roller can be altered allowing the print density to be controlled.
Figure 4: Toner is transferred to the latent image on the OPC via the magnetic roller
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
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Step 4: Image Transfer
During the image transfer stage, the image that is now visible on the OPC Drum is transferred to the media. As the
media moves through the paper path, it makes contact with the OPC Drum. The media is charged with a positive
charge causing the toner to be attracted to the media.
Figure 5: The visible image is transferred to the media by creating a strong +/- charge reaction
Step 5: Separation
During the separation stage, electrodes are used to remove the positive charge from the media, allowing the media to
separate from the OPC Drum. Some laser printers have a special rubber blade that assists in separating the media
from the OPC Drum.

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Step 6: Fusing
Figure 7: The toner image is permanently bonded to the media by the heat roller and fuser belt.
With the toner now resting on the media, the printer moves the paper through the paper path to the Fuser where heat
heat is applied to permanently bond the toner into the media. As the media passes into the Fuser assembly, the Heat
Roller and the Fuser Belt are used to bond the toner image into the media. As the media moves out from between
the Heat Roller and Fuser Belt, a Separation Pawl ensures that the media does not stick to or cling to the Heat
Roller. The Fuser Thermistor monitors the temperature of the Fuser and turns the Heater Lamp on and off, based
on Fuser temperature.
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page 7.
Step 7: Cleaning
The final step in the laser printer image formation process is the cleaning stage. During the cleaning stage, any lin-
gering toner residue that was left on the OPC Drum needs to be cleaned off before the next image can be created.
Since this toner cannot be reused, a Cleaning Blade is used to remove the residue from the OPC Drum and deposit
it into the Waste Toner Box.
Figure 8: Residual toner is cleaned off the OPC Drum to prepare for next image processing

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Color Laser Printer Image Formation
The color laser printer image formation follows very similar processes to that of monochrome laser printers. With the
color laser printer however, there are a few differences;
•3colorToner Cartridges are used along with black for CMYK printing
• Each color of the image is transferred to the OPC Drum in a separate operation. The transfer stage now
consists of both a Primary Transfer (OPC Drum to Transfer Belt) and Secondary Transfer (Transfer Belt
to Media).
Figure 9: The primary/first transfer stage of a color laser printer
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
Printer Component, Software Item, LCD Display, Printer Button Page 9.
Each color of the image is transferred from the OPC Drum to the Transfer Belt until all color images are formed. The
colors are transferred from darkest color to lightest color (Black first, Magenta second, Cyan third, and Yellow last).
Each one of these transfers are called the “Primary Transfer.” Then the “Secondary Transfer” stage occurs - the
transfer of the image to the media. The image formation process is described below;
Table 1: Color Laser Printer Image Formation Process
1 Charging/Conditioning OPC image drum charged
2 Exposure/Writing Latent image written on the OPC Drum
3 Development Image is developed with the toner
4 First Transfer Transfer of image from the OPC Drum to
the transfer belt
5 Cleaning OPC image drum is cleaned
6 Repeat While printing in CMYK, steps 1-5 are
repeated for each color toner.
7 Second Transfer Transfers the image from the transfer belt
to the media
8 Detach Electrical charge is removed from paper
9 Cleaning Transfer Belt is cleaned of residual image
10 Fusing Toner image bonded onto media

Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
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Figure 10: Typical Color Laser printer image formation process
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Epson AcuLaser CX-11N/AcuLaser CX-11NF Field Repair Guide 9/9/05
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INTRODUCTION
The difference between the two models of the AcuLaser CX-11is as follows:
CX-11N - No fax capability
CX-11NF - Fax capability
The AcuLaser CX-11is classified as a Multi-Function Page Printer (MFPP) with the following functions:
• printer (non-networked or networked)
• scanner
• copier
• faxing (AcuLaser CX-11NF only)
Printer
The printer is a 600 dpi (Dots Per Inch) color laser printer capable of color printing at 5 ppm (Pages Per Minute) and
monochrome printing at 25 ppm. It utilizes four separate toner cartridges (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) and
employs single pass color printing. Printer interfaces are 1 USB 2.0 port and 1 Ethernet 10/100 port.
Scanner
The scanner employs a color CCD (Charge Coupled Device) and performs full color scanning in a single pass. The
optical resolution is 600 dpi. It is capable of scanning images at a rate of 5 ppm for color and 25 ppm for mono-
chrome. The scanner includes an Automatic Document Feeder (ADF).
Copier
The copier function utilizes the scanner to digitize the document. The digital image is then internally sent to the
printer.

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Faxing
The fax function is Super G3 compatible, communicates at speeds from 2.4 Kbps (KiloBits Per Second) to 33.6 Kbps
dependant upon phone line conditions, supports both PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and PBX (Private
Branch Exchange), conforms to Color FAX standards and conforms to the communication standards of 36 countries.
Image resolution is 200 x 200 dpi for both transmit and receive. Faxing consists of two different operations: 1) Send-
ing a fax; and 2) Receiving a fax.
Sending a Fax
The scanner is used to digitize the document to be sent. The data is then internally transmitted to the Main Logic
Board, then to the Fax Board, and then out the RJ-11 telephone jack labeled “line”.
Receiving a Fax
Incoming faxes are received from the RJ-11 telephone jack labeled “line”. The data is routed from the Fax Board
to the Main Logic Board and then printed on the printer.
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