Fisher & Paykel DishDrawer DD603I Integrated User manual

THE DISHDRAWER BOOK
DD603(I)/DS603(I)

Contents Page
Benefits of the DishDrawer
Dimensions and Specifications
Control Panel
Pre finished
Electronic Display
Integrated
Secondary Control Panel
DishDrawers Wash Profiles
Australia/New Zealand
United Kingdom
United States/Canada
Japan
Summaries of Wash Profiles
Detergent and Rinse Agent Dispensers
Automatic Dishwasher Detergents
Rinse Aid/Agent
Dishwasher Tablets
Water Hardness
What is water hardness?
Units of Measurement
Problems with softened water
Problems with Hard water
Recommended quantities of detergent for the different situations
Hard water situations
Dishwasher Cleaner/Descaler
Conversion factors for water hardness
Water Hardness – Maps
United States
United Kingdom
Definition of water hardness in the different European Countries
Germany
Spain
France
Performance Issues/Standards
Australian Standard – AS2007.1
European Standard – EN50242
Consumer Union – CU
Japanese Standard
Explanation of place settings
Published results for wash and dry performance
Energy Labelling
Australia
USA
European
Summary of the Energy Labelling Results
Caring for your Dinnerware
Plastic
China
Glassware
Stainless Steel
Silverware
Aluminium
Glued Items
Accessories
Loading of Dishwashers
Recommended method
How not to load the dishwasher
User Maintenance Instruction
Bacteria, Viruses and Other Microbes
Cleaners for the DishDrawer
Option Adjustment Mode
Fault Codes
Service Person Guide to Fault Codes
Problem Solver
Wash Performance Checklist
DishDrawer Awards

Benefits of the DishDrawer®
INDEPENDENT OPERATION
DishDrawer® is totally two totally separate,
independently operated wash units. The
DishDrawer® delivers two dishwashers in one
ERGONOMICALLY SUPERIOR
DishDrawer® is ergonomically superior. It
incorporates the kitchen sliding drawer
concept into the dishwasher, giving the user
easier access, improved visibility and less
movement to open and close.
BETTER CARE FOR YOUR DISHES
DishDrawer® allows you to wash everyday
items in one drawer with a normal programme,
while the other drawer could be used for
heavy duty items like pots and pans.
ENVIRONMENTALLY OUTSTANDING
DishDrawer® is kind on the environment,
minimising water, energy and detergent use, so
it costs less to run. . It introduces the
economical, guilt free small load, by using as
little as 7.5l per drawer. A single drawer or
half a load, means you save half the energy,
water and detergent of a conventional
dishwasher.
EASY TO USE
The DishDrawer® automatically remembers the
last wash program used, so by pressing the
Start/Pause button you can activate the last
programme without having to reprogramme it.

D
Di im me en ns si io on ns s a an nd d S Sp pe ec ci if fi ic ca at ti io on ns s
Product Size
(mm) Product Size (inches) Minimum Cavity Size Minimum Cavity Size
Height (double) 817.5-867.5mm 32 3/16 inch 820-870mm 32 5/16 inch
Height (single) 407mm 16 inch 410mm 16 1/8inch
Width 595mm 23 7/16 inch 600mm 23 5/8 inch
Depth 570mm 22 7/16 inch 580mm 22 7/8inch
Drawer Open (incl cab) 1080mm 42 ½ inch
Electrical 230-240V AC 50Hz 10amp max. NZ/UK/AUS
110-120V AC 60Hz 12.5amp max USA.
SPECIFICATIONS
Water Inlet Valves
P/N525113 Dual
P/N525842 Single
Chassis PCB
P/N 525958
P/N 525959
Motor
Drain
Wash
Stator
P/N 526530
24Volt dc
70 ±5 Ohms
5 l/min
(1.3 US gal/min)
240Volt AC
120Volt AC
80 Volt DC 3 Phase
4200rpm
2300-2850rpm
8.0 ±1 Ohm
per winding
Detergent
Dispenser
P/N526536
Rinse Aid
Dispenser
Standby Power
DD603
DS603
24 volt dc
70 ±5 Ohms
10 grams /2tsp
20 grams /4tsp
30 grams /6tsp
5 gram pre-rinse
10 gram pre-rinse
24 Volt DC
70 ±5 Ohms
50 ml / 1.7fl oz
25 reg. Washes
approx
3w(NZ) / 2w(USA)
1.5w(NZ)/1w(USA)
Temperature Sensor
(Part of Heater
Plate)
Inlet Hose
P/N 521349
P/N 525970 USA
Drain Hose
P/N 525966
P/N 525967
962-Ohms @ 20°C (68°F)
1000-Ohms@ 30°C (86°F)
1202-Ohms @ 60°C (140°F)
1.7m (66 inches)
960Kpa / 139p.s.i.
2.0m (78 inches) from rear of
cabinet
2.5m (98 inches) bottom tub
2.9m (114 inches) top tub
Heater Plate
P/N 526443
Heater Track
Dropper
Resistor
P/N 526444
Heater Track
Dropper
Resistor
240 Volt ac
60Ω±5%
130Ω±5%
120 Volt ac
30Ω±5%
30Ω±5%

C
Co on nt tr ro ol l P Pa an ne el l
P
PR RI IM MA AR RY Y C CO ON NT TR RO OL L P PA AN NE EL L ( (P PR RE EF FI IN NI IS SH HE ED D) )
POWER ELECTRONIC START/PAUSE LOCK
DISPLAY
LOCK SYMBOL
Power Button
Press the POWER button to turn the DishDrawer®on or off. To end the wash programme in mid
cycle, press the POWER button. Any water in the DishDrawer®will be pumped out.
Start/Pause Button
The START/PAUSE button starts and pauses the dishwasher. Always press the START/PAUSE
button and wait for three beeps before opening the DishDrawer®.
If the DishDrawer®is in pause mode for more than 7minutes the machine will beep every 90
seconds to remind someone that the machine is in pause mode. Press the Start/Pause button to
restart it.
Lock Button
This button activates keylock or childlock. When the LOCK symbol is displayed it indicates that this
feature is on.
Keylock disables all the buttons on the DishDrawer®. To activate press and hold the lock button for
3 seconds until you hear one beep
Childlock disables all the buttons on the DishDrawer®in addition to locking the drawer. To activate,
press the lock button for 5 seconds until you hear two beeps.
To deactivate the LOCK function, press and hold the lock button until you hear one beep
Electronic Display
The Electronic Display shows progress through the wash programme and time remaining. It also
shows fault codes as they occur, delay start & lock.
Delay Start Mode
The start time of the DishDrawer®can be delayed by 1-12 hours.
To activate the delay start mode, press and hold the START/PAUSE button until the delay symbol
appears on the electronic display. Continue to hold the button until the desired time has been
reached. The DishDrawer®will start when the time has elapsed.
To cancel Delay Start, press the POWER button or hold the START/PAUSE button until the delay
symbol disappears.

E
EL LE EC CT TR RO ON NI IC C D DI IS SP PL LA AY Y
The Electronic Display has a number of functions:
1. It shows the approximate time remaining in the wash programme in hours and minutes.
2. It shows progress through the wash programme
3. Indicates when DELAY START has been chosen.
4. Shows when a Fault has occurred
5. Shows when lock has been selected.
Spanner indicating a fault has
occurred.
Tap symbol to indicate the tap
needs to be turned on
An example of a
fault code
Lock has been selected
Delay symbol
Dirty symbol
No. of hours
delay

P
PR RI IM MA AR RY Y C CO ON NT TR RO OL L P PA AN NE EL L ( (I IN NT TE EG GR RA AT TE ED D) )
POWER START/PAUSE LOCK
POWER BUTTON
Press the POWER button to turn the DishDrawer®on or off. To end the wash programme in mid
cycle, press the POWER button. Any water in the DishDrawer®will be pumped out.
Start/Pause Button
The START/PAUSE button starts and pauses the dishwasher. Always press the START/PAUSE
button and wait for three beeps before opening the DishDrawer®. The green light above the
Start/Pause button indicates the DishDrawer®is operating.
If the DishDrawer®is in pause mode for more than 7minutes the machine will beep every 90
seconds to remind someone that the machine is in pause mode. Press the Start/Pause button to
restart it.
Lock Button
This button activates keylock or childlock. When the light above the LOCK button is green, it
indicates that this feature is on.
Keylock disables all the buttons on the DishDrawer®. To activate, press and hold the lock button for
3 seconds until you hear one beep
Childlock disables all the buttons on the DishDrawer®in addition to locking the drawer. To activate,
press the lock button for 5 seconds until you hear two beeps.
To deactivate the LOCK function, press and hold the lock button until you hear one beep
Delay Start Mode
The start time of the DishDrawer® can be delayed by 1-12 hours.
To activate the delay start mode, press and hold the START/PAUSE button until the orange light
appears above the START/PAUSE button. The DishDrawer® will beep to indicate another hour
delay. Continue to hold the button until the desired time has been reached. The DishDrawer®will
start when the time has elapsed.
To cancel Delay Start, press the POWER button or hold the START/PAUSE button until the delay
symbol disappears.

S
SE EC CO ON ND DA AR RY Y C CO ON NT TR RO OL L P PA AN NE EL L
ECO button
reduces time,
temperature and
energy on most
wash cycles. The
red light is lit
when this option
has been selected
PROGRAMME Button
Press this button to
select the wash
programme.
This red light indicates the wash
cycle that has been selected

D
Di is sh hD Dr ra aw we er r’ ’s s W Wa as sh h P Pr ro og gr ra am mm me es s
WASH PROGRAMMES
There are nine wash programmes available.
Heavy, Heavy Eco, Normal, Normal Eco, Delicate, Delicate Eco, Fast, Fast Eco and Rinse Option.
The following table shows what the wash programmes are designed for
WASH PROGRAMMES WHEN TO USE
Heavy Heavily soiled dishes like for pots and pans, baking dishes
Heavy Eco Heavily soiled everyday dishes
Normal This programme has been optimised for wash and dry
performance
Normal Eco This programme has been optimised for energy usage. It
can be used for normal to lightly soiled dishes
Fast Lightly soiled dishes – glasses, mugs, saucers
Fast Eco Lightly soiled, non greasy dishes
Delicate Lightly soiled heat sensitive crockery
Delicate Eco Non greasy, lightly soiled and heat sensitive crockery
Rinse To prevent soils drying and odours forming.
NOTES:
ECO PROGRAMMES
Eco cycles reduce temperature, water usage and time in some programmes. The exception to the
rule is NORMAL ECO for the European market, this programme is much longer.
The Eco programmes have a reduced final rinse, and reduced drying time, which means dry
performance is reduced.
FAST PROGRAMME
In order to meet customer requirements for a fast wash, this programme just washes dishes, there
is a negligible drying phase, which does not dry the dishes adequately.
NORMAL PROGRAMMES
All NORMAL & NORMAL ECO programmes have been maximised to meet standard requirements.
One of the biggest problems we have in development of wash programmes is meeting both the
consumer and standards needs. In some standards it requires a minimum percentage pass mark for
both wash and dry, while another standard requires the best performance with negligible resources
to be used. This presents problems, as some of the standard soils are particularly hard to remove eg
microwaved milk plus a 2 hour @ 80°C bake. The standards will be discussed later.
SANI WASH – USA only
The Sani wash is the Heavy programme. The final rinse temperature reaches 74°C/165°F.
TIME REMAINING DISPLAY – DD603 and DS603 Prefinished Models Only
This is only an estimate of time remaining. The display is dependant on a number of factors eg,
incoming wash temperatures, ambient room temperatures and whether the drawer has been opened
during mid cycle etc.

W
WA AS SH H P PR RO OF FI IL LE ES S – – A AU US ST TR RA AL LI IA A A AN ND D N NE EW W Z ZE EA AL LA AN ND D
@ 20°C incoming water
Wash cycle DFPre 1 DFPre 2 DFWash DFPost 1 DFPost 2 DDry Status Time* Fills
Heavy
@2800rpm 1 1 45°C 15m 1 1 5m 1 1 70°C + 10m 40m 113m 1165°C 15m 130m User 119m 3L
Heavy /Eco
@2800 rpm 1 1 35°C 10m 1 1 5m 1 1 60°C+15m 30m 113m 1155°C 10m 145m User 114m 2.5L
Normal
@2650 rpm 1 1 10m 1 1 65°C+10m 35m 113m 1165°C 15m 130m %102m 3.0L
Normal / Eco
@2500 rpm 1 1 15m 1 1 45°C+20 30m 113m 1145°C 11m 130m ***** 98m 2.7L
Delicate
@2300 rpm 1 1 5m 1 1 50°C 25m 113m 1160°C 15m 130m User 87m 2.5L
Delicate/Eco
@2300 rpm 1 1 10m 1 1 45°C+10m 20m 113m 1150°C 10m 130m User 82m 2.5L
Fast
@2500 rpm 1 1 55°C+5m 25m 112m 1150°C 10m 1 5m User 49m 2.5L
Fast / Eco
@2500 rpm 1 1 45°C 15m 112m 1145°C 10m 11m User 35m 2.5L
Phase 3 at production Feb 2001 (ee103-5.log)
* Approximate time on the display
Version ee104 was changed for touch switch sensitivity and ee105 changes included timeout for U1. The wash profiles have not changed.

W
WA AS SH H P PR RO OF FI IL LE ES S – – U UN NI IT TE ED D K KI IN NG GD DO OM M
@ 15°C incoming water
Wash cycle DFPre 1 DFPre 2 DFWash DFPost 1 DFPost 2 DDry Status Time* Fills
Heavy
@2800rpm 1 1 45°C 15m 1 1 5m 1 1 70°C + 10m 40m 1 1 3m 1 1 65°C 15m 130m User 119m 3L
Heavy /Eco
@2800rpm 1 1 35°C 10m 1 1 5m 1 1 60°C+15m 30m 1 1 3m 1 1 55°C 10m 145m User 114m 2.5L
Normal
@2650rpm 1 1 10m 1 1 65°C+10m 35m 1 1 3m 1 1 65°C 15m 130m %102m 3.0L
Normal / Eco
@2500rpm 1 1 10m 1 1 50°C 80m 1 1 2m 1 1 54°C 10m 160m ***** 171m 2.5L
Delicate
@2300rpm 1 1 5m 1 1 50°C 25m 1 1 3m 1 1 60°C 15m 130m User 87m 2.5L
Delicate/Eco
@2300rpm 1 1 10m 1 1 45°C+10m 20m 1 1 3m 1 1 50°C 10m 130m User 82m 2.5L
Fast
@2500rpm 1 1 55°C+5m 25m 1 1 2m 1 1 50°C 10m 1 5m User 49m 2.5L
Fast / Eco
@2500rpm 1 1 45°C 15m 1 1 2m 1 1 45°C 10m 11m User 35m 2.5L
Phase 3 at production Feb 2001 (ee003-5.log)
* Approximate time on the display
Version ee104 was changed for touch switch sensitivity and ee105 changes included timeout for U1. The wash profiles have not changed.

W
WA AS SH H P PR RO OF FI IL LE ES S – – U UN NI IT TE ED D S ST TA AT TE ES S O OF F A AM ME ER RI IC CA A
@ 50 C incoming
Wash
Program Pre rinse
1
Pre
rinse
2
Pre
rinse
3
Main wash Post
rinse
1
Post
rinse
2
Post Rinse 3 Dry Total
Times*
(min)
Water
Usage
(L)
Motor Speed
rpm Water Per fill (L)
Heavy 12 535m / 65°C3 3 20m / 74°C28 119 32 2800 3 & 2.5
Heavy Eco 5 5 30m / 65°C3 3 15m / 65°C25 99 30 2800 2.5
Normal 8 3 45m / 62°C210m / 60°C25 104 30 2800 3
Normal Eco 530m / 55°C310m / 55°C22 79 20 2500 2.5
Fast 25m / 55°C210m / 55°C5 49 15 2500 2.5
Fast Eco 10m / 45°C39m / 45°C130 15 2500 2.5
Delicate 520m / 50°C315m / 55°C25 77 20 2300 2.5
Delicate Eco 518m / 45°C312m / 50°C16 63 20 2300 2.5
Rinse 710 2.5 2300 2.5
Phase3 at production Feb 2001 (ee203-5.log)
@ 122°F incoming water
Wash
Program Pre rinse
1
Pre
rinse
2
Pre
rinse
3
Main wash Post
rinse
1
Post
rinse
2
Post Rinse 3 Dry Total
Times*
(min)
Water
Usage
(Gal)
Motor Speed
rpm Water Per fill (Gal)
Heavy 12 535m / 149°F3 3 20m / 165°F28 119 8.45 2800 .79 &.66
Heavy Eco 5 5 30m / 149°F3 3 15m / 149°F25 99 7.95 2800 0.66
Normal 8 3 45m / 144°F210m / 140°F25 104 7.95 2800 0.79
Normal Eco 530m / 131°F310m / 131°F22 79 5.28 2500 0.66
Fast 25m / 131°F210m / 131°F5 49 3.96 2500 0.66
Fast Eco 10m / 113°F39m / 113°F130 3.96 2500 0.66
Delicate 520m / 122°F315m / 131°F25 77 5.28 2300 0.66
Delicate Eco 518m / 113°F312m / 122°F16 63 5.28 2300 0.66
Rinse 710 0.66 2300 0.66
* Approximate time on the display, excludes drain and fill times.
Version ee104 was changed for touch switch sensitivity and ee105 changes included timeout for U1. The wash profiles have not changed.

S
Su um mm ma ar ri ie es s f fo or r G Gl lo ob ba al l W Wa as sh h P Pr ro of fi il le es s
UK Wash Profiles Summary of Details for Phase 3 Wash Profiles
Programme Approx. Power(kWh) Approx. Water (l)
Heavy 1.94 27.7
Heavy Eco 1.475 22.5
Normal 1.566 21.6
Normal Eco 1.19 20.0
Delicate 1.222 17.9
Delicate Eco 0.893 18.9
Fast 0.890 14.3
Fast Eco 0.6577 13.1
•Based on 15°C incoming water supply
•12 place setting used as per EN50242
Australian/New Zealand Wash Summaries
Summary of Details for Phase 3 Wash Profiles
Programme Approx Power(kWh) Approx Water (l)
Heavy 2.1 29
Heavy Eco 1.31 25
Normal 1.5 20
Normal Eco 0.87 20
Delicate 1.11 21
Delicate Eco 0.87 21
Fast 1.01 17
Fast Eco 0.71 16
•Based on 20°C incoming water
•14 place setting used as per AS2007.1
USA Wash SummariesSummary of Details for Phase 3 Wash Profiles
Programme Approx Power(kWh) Approx Water (l & gal)
Heavy 2.477 31.38 / 8.29
Heavy Eco 2.09 28.62 / 7.56
Normal 1.971 29.81 / 7.87
Normal Eco (ITS) 1.386 18.73 / 4.95
Delicate 1.289 18.21 / 4.816
Delicate Eco 1.113 18.54 / 4.897
Fast 1.142 14.03 / 3.71
Fast Eco 0.823 13.21 / 3.49
•Based on 50°C / 122°F incoming water
•8 place setting used as described by AHAM
•Water energy (kWh) = gallon * 70*0.0024

D
De et te er rg ge en nt t a an nd d R Ri in ns se e A Ai id d/ /A Ag ge en nt t D Di is sp pe en ns se er r
DETERGENT DISPENSER
The detergent and rinse aid/agent dispenser is located on the inside of the DishDrawer®. The
detergent dispenser has two compartments, pre wash and main wash compartment. The pre wash and
main wash compartments both have markings on the inside. The pre wash compartment has one
marking which represents 1tsp/5g and when full 2tsp/10g. The main wash compartment has two
markings the lowest mark indicates 2tsp/10g, the middle mark 4tsp/20g, and when full it holds
6tsp/30g. Do not use tablets or gels in the DishDrawer®as they are not suitable.
RINSE AID/AGENT DISPENSER
It is important to wipe any rinse aid spillages. Failure to do will result in excessive foaming which can
cause an F1 fault. It has been found in very cold water ie <15ºC that foaming is worse, especially in
situations where there is a long pre rinse or fast wash programmes have been used.

A
Au ut to om ma at ti ic c D Di is sh hw wa as sh he er r D De et te er rg ge en nt ts s ( (A AD DW WD D) )
R
RE EQ QU UI IR RE EM ME EN NT TS S O OF F D DI IS SH HW WA AS SH HI IN NG G D DE ET TE ER RG GE EN NT T
1. Readily soluble in water
2. Non corrosive on equipment and dishware
3. Non irritating
4. Biodegradable
5. Economical in use
6. Readily rinseable
7. Stable during storage
8. Effective cleaner
•Wet the surface of the soil, decrease the surface tension, so water can penetrate the
soil more readily
•Disperse the insoluble materials that may form aggregates and hold them in suspension
•Dissolve soluble soils both inorganic and organic the more rapid the solution, the better
the detergent
•Emulsify fats and oils ie break up fats and oils into smaller globules so they remain in
suspension
•Sequester (remove or inactivate) Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) salts in hard water so
their precipitation is prevented and cleaning efficiency not impaired.
OLD GENERATION DETERGENTS
Detergents from the old generation achieved their wash performance by their high alkalinity. This
class of detergent is very corrosive and is very toxic if swallowed. Due the nature of the old
generation detergents they are classified as CORROSIVE. This type of detergent is still available
on the market eg. ACTIVE.
NEW GENERATION DETERGENTS
The new generation detergents are less alkaline and no longer have the corrosive properties of their
old counterparts. Due to the weak alkaline properties these detergents are now labelled as an
IRRITANT. Examples of detergent brands are SUN, FINISH, ELECTROSOL and CASCADE
COMPLETE and CASCADE PURE RINSE FORMULA.

D
DI IS SH HW WA AS SH HE ER R D DE ET TE ER RG GE EN NT T I IN NG GR RE ED DI IE EN NT TS S
D
DI IF FF FE ER RE EN NC CE ES S B BE ET TW WE EE EN N T TH HE E O OL LD D A AN ND D N NE EW W G GE EN NE ER RA AT TI IO ON N D DE ET TE ER RG GE EN NT TS S
The following table shows the difference between the old and new generation detergents
A
AB BO OU UT T T TH HE E D DE ET TE ER RG GE EN NT T I IN NG GR RE ED DI IE EN NT TS S
Alkalies
The alkalinity of detergent is very important for the removal of fat residues from dishes. To obtain
an alkaline solution the detergent formulations contain silicate and soda. In the old generation
detergents many contained metasilicates which are very alkaline and why it was corrosive. The new
generation detergents contain disilicates and soda.
The silicates soak the food remains on dishes. Silicates are able to transfer a negative charge onto
food soils as well as the dishware, which leads to repulsion of food residues because of equal
charges.
Soda is added to detergents because it precipitates water hardness ions ie Ca2+ and Mg2+, making the
water softer for the detergent.
Builders
Phosphates are important because the emulsify fats and oils ie break up fats and oils into smaller
globules so they remain in suspension and have the ability to hold soils in suspension. Phosphates are
able to convert water hardness ions into soluble complexes. The higher the phosphate contents the
better the ability for the detergent to bind with the water hardness ions, making it able to work
effectively.
Polycarboxylates are polymers, which disperse developing lime scale crystals, and prevents the
coagulation of visible crystals. Polycarboxylates help the phosphate by binding onto the water
hardness ions and ensuring the phosphates are available for cleaning.
Citrates are in the form of citric acid crystals, which bind with the Calcium ions therefore reducing
water hardness.
Dishwashing
Automatic Dishwashing Detergents - Composition
Alkalies
Builder
Bleach (..+Activator)
Biosubstances
Wetting Agents
Auxiliaries
pH value; 1% solution
Composition of ADWD
“old” generation (traditional)
“corrosive”“new” generation “non corrosive”
Silver Corrosion Inhibitor-----------------------
Non ionic surfactantsNon ionic surfactants
9-1112-13
---------------------- Enzymes
Active chlorine Active Oxygen; Activator (TAED)
Phosphate Citrate, Polycarboxylate; Phosphate
Metasilicate, Soda Disilicate, Soda

Bleaching Agents and Activators
Bleaching agents decolourise soils like tea, coffee, lipstick and red wine. Modern dishwashing
detergents no longer contain active chlorine as a bleaching agent but active oxygen (sodium
perborate). Active oxygen is less toxic and less aggressive than active chlorine. Under normal
conditions the active oxygen works at higher temperatures but an activator (TAED) is added to
start the bleach at lower temperatures.
Enzymes
Enzymes are special proteins, which are highly specific. There are two types in the modern
dishwashing detergent amylase and protease. Amylase eliminates starch soils like potato and
protease removes protein stains like meat and egg. The activity of the enzymes is temperature
dependent. Most of have an optimum temperature of 50-60ºC after that temperature the enzymes
are inactive. In the old generation of detergents there were no enzymes but it relied on the alkaline
properties and the chlorine to remove these stains.
Surfactants
Surfactants reduce water tension of the water and therefore make the dishes wetter. Surfactants
are organic molecules, which contain hydrophilic end (water loving) and a hydrophobic end (water
hating). During the cleaning process fats become covered with the hydrophobic end of the
surfactant while the hydrophilic end orientate themselves in the washing solution. The fats and oils
can be detached from the dish surface then emulsified in the water and finally rinsed away in the
wash solution.
Silverware Corrosion Inhibitors
Silverware corrosion inhibitors are added to prevent silverware from developing a black tarnish.
Function of the most important detergent ingredients
Dishwashing / Washing -Basics
How does the detergent components work?
Phosphate (NTPP), Citrate Alkali (Soda, Silicates) Bleach + Activator
(Active oxygen and chlorine) Surfactants
0
0
00
0 00
00000
0
0
00
000000000
0
00 0
0
000
000
0
000000000000
0
0
000
000
Dispersion of food remnants s or soil. Soaking, removal due to same
electric charge/polarisation.
Chemical cracking of soil.
Oxidation Emulsifying of grease

R
RI IN NS SE E A AI ID D
P
PU UR RP PO OS SE E O OF F R RI IN NS SE E A AI ID D/ /A AG GE EN NT T
Rinse aid/agent is required to accelerate the drying period and increase the shine of dishes at the
end of the wash programme.
Rinse aid is an integral part of the dishwashing process. It performs an equally important function
as the dishwasher detergent itself. Rinse aid breaks down the surface tension of the final rinse
water. It allows the water to sheet off evenly and quickly to prevent water clinging in droplets and
drying up as water spots. The sheeting action of the rinse aid minimises spotting, filming and helps
with the drying process. It is particularly useful if you want dry dishes when the Eco programs are
used.
Rinse aid/agent contains non ionic surfactants that decrease the surface tension of water. The
water will run off in a thin film off the dishes without streaks. The more water that runs off the
dishes the better the rinse effect. When water is left to dry naturally on dishware and particularly
glasses it leaves behind water soluble minerals and lime scale on the surface producing streaks. An
example of this when you wash a glass by hand leave it drip dry, streaks are formed and are removed
by a tea towel. Rinse Aid/Agent is in effect like a clean tea towel, it dries the glass and removes
streaks/marks.
Rinse aid/agent also contains organic fruit acids eg citric acid, which dissolve mineral salts and lime
scale. The rinse aid/agent also neutralises the alkalinity of detergent that may remain in the final
rinse.
Other additives in the rinse aid/agent are preservatives, dissolving aids, stabilisers, foam regulators
and perfumes.
Rinse Aid Settings
It is important to ensure that your rinse aid setting is correct, you may need to experiment to get to
the best results. However if you are in a hard water area, you may want to increase the rinse aid
setting to 4-5. If you are in a soft water area setting of 1-2 may be adequate. If your dishes are
still wet, increase the rinse aid setting. If you notice a lot of foaming decrease the rinse aid setting.
Rinse Aid Spillages
It is very important when filling the rinse aid dispenser ensure you wipe any spillages immediately.
Failure to do so may result in service call. What will happen is foam will find the vent hole at the
back of the DishDrawer®and dribble onto the flood switch, hence causing a F1 fault.

D
DI IS SH HW WA AS SH HI IN NG G D DE ET TE ER RG GE EN NT T T TA AB BL LE ET TS S
History
Dishwasher tablets were introduced into the American market in the 1960’s. Unfortunately the
tablets were not successful due to unsatisfactory disintegration and solubility properties; they
disappeared from the market. The tablets were introduced again in the mid 1980s and since then
have gained a big market share in the European market, both in automatic dishwashing detergent but
also laundry and toilet cleaners.
Market Share of Dishwasher Tablets
The market share in tablets is increasing particularly UK and Europe, in the year 2000 tablets had a
market share of 63%. In New Zealand/Australia and the USA the market share for tablets is not as
great, but is on the increase.
Reasons for Tablet Success
The reasons why the tablets are so successful
•Convenient
•Easy to handle
•Simple to dose
•Efficiency i.e. more precisely dosed, less wastage
•Small volume and high performance per unit weight.
Dishwashing Tablets
Market Leaders
Currently the market leaders for tablets are Reckitt Benckiser who make Finish Products.
There are four types of tabs available on the global market. All tablets are enzymic based.
1Dual Layer
The product comes in two layers. The blue is the detergent portion, while the white layer is
the bleach.
2Powerball
Finish has recently introduced the Powerball into Australia, UK and Europe. The “ball” is a
presoaker, which dissolves and softens the food immediately, the blue layer breaks the down
and lifts the dried on food residues and white layer contains the bleach.
3Two in One Tablet
Also available is the Lever Rexona “Sun All in One” tablets includes the detergent and the
salt to eliminate mineral hardness during the wash. This Sun product is available in Europe
and the UK. Also available is the Finish ‘2 in 1’, which contains the detergent and rinse aid.
4Three in One Tablet
Finish "3 in 1” tablet, incorporates the detergent, rinse aid, and salt for water softening.
This product works on a change in pH. When the pH reaches 8-9, the rinse aid portion of the
tablet is released. This product is only available in Europe and the UK.
Powerball
Cascade
Finish Dual
Layer
Finish 3 in 1
Sun 2 in 1
Dual Layer

PROBLEMS WITH TABLETS
In the DishDrawer®the tablets will become a problem if the tablet is put into the detergent
dispenser. Due to the nature of the detergent dispenser, the flow rate of 4L/min ±25%,
(dependent on the inlet valve) will not dissolve a complete tablet during one fill. See pictures below.
Fig 1: After filling for the main wash Fig 2: After the post rinse 2
If the tab is put into the cutlery basket with the current wash programs, version EE103, most of the
tablet dissolves in the pre wash before the main wash, rendering the wash ineffective.
Fig 3: Fig 4:
1 minute in the pre rinse (cold connect) 9 minute in the pre rinse (cold connect)
Fig 5: Fig 6:
1 minute in the pre rinse (50°C connect) 6 minute in the pre rinse (50°C connect)