FK-Lightplanes FK 14 B Owner's manual

document code: FK 14 des.002
Pilot’s Operating
Handbook FK 14 B
POH FK 14 B Polaris
Approved as Ultralight/ Light Sport Aircraft
Airplane Serial Number:
_____________________
Airplane Registration Number:
_____________________
Date of issue:
_____________________
Manual Nr.:
14-_________-1 UL / LSAS
Manufacturer and exclusive Distributor:
FK-Lightplanes Krosno - Poland
Design Organisation and Owner of IP Rights:
B & F Technik Vertriebs GmbH Speyer –Germany

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Section 0
page 0-1
document code: FK 14 des.002
0. Introduction
0.1. Revisions
The owner/operator is responsible for keeping all pages of this manual to the
revision status indicated in the table, by exchanging the relevant pages as
and when a new revision is published.
For updates check the homepage of FK Lightplanes under www.fk-
lightplanes.com or www.flugservice-speyer.de regularly.
Revisions and Service Bulletins for the ROTAX engine are available on
www.rotax-aircraft-engines.com .
This revision information page shall be filed behind the checklist for
amendments for about 6 month in order to get at a glance all the changes
that became effective during this time.
Index/Page
remove REV
insert REV
Remark / Reason for REV
all
all
REV 23
several editorial changes due
to authorities request;
additionally the POH of th UL
and LSA version were merged

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
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page 0-2
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0.2. Record of Revisions
The fact of having inserted revised pages shall be confirmed in the list
below.
Revision
inserted
Revision
inserted
No.
of
by --- on
No.
of
by --- on
Rev 23
1.Apr.2014

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
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POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Section 0
page 0-4
document code: FK 14 des.002
0.3. Table of Contents
0. INTRODUCTION....................................................................... 0-1
0.1. Revisions..................................................................... 0-1
0.2. Record of Revisions................................................... 0-2
0.3. Table of Contents ....................................................... 0-4
0.4. Introduction............................................................... 0-10
1. GENERAL ................................................................................. 1-1
1.1. Airplane Three Side View........................................... 1-1
1.2. Technical Data ............................................................ 1-2
1.3. Weight.......................................................................... 1-2
1.4. Airspeeds and Performance...................................... 1-2
1.5. Fuel .............................................................................. 1-3
1.6. Engine.......................................................................... 1-3
1.7. Abbreviations and Terminology................................ 1-3
2. LIMITATIONS............................................................................ 2-1
2.1. General ........................................................................ 2-1
2.2. Airspeed Limitations.................................................. 2-1
2.3. Airspeed Indicator Markings ..................................... 2-2
2.4. Power Plant Limitations............................................. 2-2
2.5. Propeller...................................................................... 2-3

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
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2.6. Service Ceiling............................................................ 2-3
2.7. Weights........................................................................ 2-4
2.8. C.G. Limits................................................................... 2-4
2.9. Maneuvers................................................................... 2-4
2.10. Flight Load Factors .................................................... 2-5
2.11. Kind of Operation ....................................................... 2-5
2.12. Fuel .............................................................................. 2-5
2.13. Passenger Seating ..................................................... 2-5
2.14. Colour .......................................................................... 2-6
2.15. Electric......................................................................... 2-6
2.16. Power Plant Instrument Marking............................... 2-6
2.17. Placards....................................................................... 2-7
3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES................................................. 3-1
3.1. General ........................................................................ 3-1
3.2. Airspeeds for Emergency Procedures..................... 3-1
3.3. Engine / Carburetor Fire ............................................ 3-1
3.4. Engine Failure............................................................. 3-1
3.5. Emergency Landing ................................................... 3-2
3.6. Emergency Descent ................................................... 3-2
3.7. Strong Vibrations ....................................................... 3-3
3.8. Steering Problems...................................................... 3-3

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
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3.9. Oil Pressure Low ........................................................ 3-3
3.10. Fuel Pressure Low...................................................... 3-3
3.11. Generator Fault........................................................... 3-3
3.12. Fire and Smoke (Electric) .......................................... 3-4
3.13. Stall recovery.............................................................. 3-4
4. NORMAL PROCEDURES ........................................................ 4-1
4.1. General ........................................................................ 4-1
4.2. Recommended Speeds.............................................. 4-1
4.3. Regular Inspection ..................................................... 4-1
4.4. Preflight Inspection.................................................... 4-1
4.5. Engine Start................................................................. 4-3
4.6. Taxi............................................................................... 4-4
4.7. Before Take-off ........................................................... 4-4
4.8. Takeoff......................................................................... 4-4
4.9. Climb............................................................................ 4-5
4.10. Cruise........................................................................... 4-5
4.11. Descent........................................................................ 4-5
4.12. Landing........................................................................ 4-6
4.13. Balked Landing........................................................... 4-7
4.14. Touch and Go.............................................................. 4-7
4.15. After Landing / Parking.............................................. 4-7

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Section 0
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document code: FK 14 des.002
5. PERFORMANCE ...................................................................... 5-1
5.1. General ........................................................................ 5-1
5.2. Takeoff Distance......................................................... 5-1
5.3. Climb Performance..................................................... 5-1
5.4. Cruise Performance ................................................... 5-2
5.5. Landing Distance........................................................ 5-2
5.6. Airspeed Calibration .................................................. 5-3
6. WEIGHT AND BALANCE......................................................... 6-1
6.1. General ........................................................................ 6-1
6.2. Basic Empty Weight................................................... 6-1
6.3. Determination of C.G. for the Flight ......................... 6-3
7. SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION........................................................ 7-1
7.1. General ........................................................................ 7-1
7.2. Instrument Panel ........................................................ 7-1
7.3. Rescue system ........................................................... 7-2
7.4. Flaps ............................................................................ 7-4
7.5. Tyres ............................................................................ 7-4
7.6. Seats and Seatbelts.................................................... 7-4
7.7. Canopy......................................................................... 7-4
7.8. Engine.......................................................................... 7-5
7.9. Propeller...................................................................... 7-5

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
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7.10. Fuel System................................................................. 7-5
7.11. Brakes.......................................................................... 7-7
7.12. Heating and Ventilation.............................................. 7-7
7.13. Electrical System........................................................ 7-7
8. HANDLING, SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE ..................... 8-1
8.1. General ........................................................................ 8-1
8.2. Ground Handling ........................................................ 8-1
8.3. Cleaning....................................................................... 8-1
8.4. General Advice ........................................................... 8-1
8.5. Regular Maintenance / Lubrication Schedule.......... 8-2
8.6. Time between Overhaul (TBO).................................. 8-2
8.7. Airplane Servicing...................................................... 8-4
8.8. Control Surface Angle................................................ 8-4
8.9. Jacking / Towing / Storage ........................................ 8-5
8.10. Main / Subsidiary Structure....................................... 8-6
8.11. Materials for minor repairs........................................ 8-6
8.12. Special Repair and Check Procedures..................... 8-6
8.13. Required Tools ........................................................... 8-6
8.14. Weighing...................................................................... 8-6
8.15. Mounting / Maintenance of the Rescue System...... 8-7
8.16. Assembly of the Aircraft............................................ 8-7

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
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document code: FK 14 des.002
9. SUPPLEMENTS........................................................................ 9-1
9.1. General ........................................................................ 9-1
9.2. Engine Manual ............................................................ 9-1
9.3. Rescue System........................................................... 9-1
9.4. Avionics / Special Engine Instruments .................... 9-1
9.5. Mühlbauer –Constantspeed Propeller..................... 9-1
9.6. Neuform –Constantspeed Propeller........................ 9-2
9.7. Version LeMans (open Cockpit)................................ 9-4
9.8. ROTAX 912iS............................................................... 9-4
9.9. Airplane Flight Training Supplement ....................... 9-7

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Section 0
page 0-10
document code: FK 14 des.002
0.4. Introduction
This is the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and approved flight manual.
It contains information required to be furnished to the pilot and must be
carried in the aircraft at all times.
This manual must be read carefully by the owner and operator in order to
become familiar with the operation of the FK 14. The manual presents
suggestions and recommendations to help obtain safe and maximum
performance without sacrificing economy.
The owner and operator should also be familiar with the applicable aviation
regulations concerning operation and maintenance of this airplane.
All limits, procedures, safety practices, servicing, and maintenance
requirements contained in this manual are considered mandatory for the
continued airworthiness of the airplane.
All values in this manual are based on ICAO Standard Atmosphere
conditions and maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) unless otherwise indicated.
The pilot in command has to make sure that the airplane is airworthy and
operated according to this manual.
Non-compliance with handling, maintenance and checking instructions as
indicated in the flight and maintenance manuals will void warranty and/or
guarantee claims.
All variants of airframes and powerplants can be combined as certified.
0.4.1. Certification Basis
This airplane meets following ASTM / Ultralight standards:
F 2245-10c Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
F 2483-05 Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance
Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
F 2746-09 Standard Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook
for Light Sport Airplane
BFU 95 / LTF-UL 2003

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Section 0
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document code: FK 14 des.002
0.4.2. Airplane Manufacturer
FK-Lightplanes Sp. z o.o.
Lotników 20 B
38-400 Krosno –Poland
www.fk-lightplanes.com
0.4.3. Design Organization, Owner of IP Rights and Customer
Support
B&F Technik Vertiebs GmbH Speyer –Germany
Anton-Dengler-Str. 8
D-67346 Speyer
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
email: [email protected]
Service & parts only via servic[email protected]
Homepage: www.fk-servicecenter.com
This Pilot’s Operating Handbook is issued by B&F Technik Vertriebs GmbH
and no part of this manual may be reproduced or changed in any manner
without written consent.

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
General
page 1-1
document code: FK 14 des.002
1. General
1.1. Airplane Three Side View

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
General
page 1-2
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1.2. Technical Data
Wing span:
9,10 m (9 m LeMans)
Wing area:
9,10 m²
Length:
5,69 m
Height:
2,12 m
1.3. Weight
The aircraft has a maximum take-off weight depending on configuration and
certification of up to 544kg (1199 lbs).
1.4. Airspeeds and Performance
all speeds IAS at MTOW 544kg
Top speed (0ft ISA, MTP)
250 km/h
135 kt
Cruise speed (2000ft ISA, 75% MCP)
223 km/h
120 kt
Max. range (ROTAX 912S) at TAS 230 km/h / 124 kt
(2000ft ISA, 75% MCP wing tank 78 Ltr / 10 Ltr. Res.)
845 km
456 NM
Best rate of climb Vy (flaps up)
148 km/h
80 kt
Best angle of climb Vx (flaps 1)
118 km/h
64 kt
Stall speed flaps up
94 km/h
51 kt
Stall speed flaps full down
71 km/h
38 kt

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
General
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document code: FK 14 des.002
1.5. Fuel
Capacity
total fuel capacity
total useable fuel
wing tank version
66 Ltr (17,4 USG)
61 Ltr (16,1 USG)
wing tank vers. (option)
78 Ltr (20,6 USG)
73 Ltr (19,3 USG)
Approved Fuel Grades:
Car fuel without bioethanol (min 95 RON), MOGAS, AVGAS 100LL
Unleaded fuel recommended
AVGAS should only be used if MOGAS is not available or in case of
problems caused by vapour locks
1.6. Engine
engine
max.T/O PWR (5minutes)
max. continuous PWR
ROTAX 912
59,6 kW (80hp) at 5800 RPM
58 kW (78hp) at 5500
ROTAX 912 S
73,5 kW (100hp) at 5800 RPM
69 kW (93hp) at 5500
ROTAX 912 iS
73,5 kW (100hp) at 5800 RPM
69 kW (93hp) at 5500
1.7. Abbreviations and Terminology
a) Speeds
IAS
Indicated airspeed = speed as shown on the airspeed indicator
CAS
Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated airspeed, corrected for position
and instrument error. CAS is equal to TAS in standard atmosphere
at sea level
TAS
True airspeed = speed relative to undisturbed air
VA
Maneuvering speed = max. speed at which application of full
available aerodynamic control will not overstress the airplane
VRA
Maximum speed in turbulence
VNE
Never exceed speed is the speed limit that must not be exceeded
at any time
VNO
Maximum structural cruising speed is the speed that should not be
exceeded except in smooth air and only with caution
VS
Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the
airplane is controllable
VSO
Stalling speed in landing configuration (full flaps)
VX
Best angle of climb speed which delivers the greatest gain of
altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance
VY
Best rate of climb speed which delivers the greatest gain of altitude
in the shortest possible time

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
General
page 1-4
document code: FK 14 des.002
b) Meteorological
ISA
International Standard Atmosphere: OAT in MSL 15°C; pressure in
MSL 1013,2hPa; air a perfect dry gas; temperature gradient of
0,65°C per 100m
MSL
Mean sea level
OAT
Outside air temperature
c) Weight and Balance
Reference
Datum
An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal
distances are measured for balance purposes
Arm
The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the
center of gravity of an item
Moment
The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm
Airplane center
of gravity (C.G.)
The point at which an airplane would balance if sus-
pended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by
dividing the total moment by the total weight of the
airplane
C.G. arm
The arm obtained by adding the airplane’s individual
moments and dividing the sum by the total weight
C.G. limits
The extreme center of gravity locations within which the
airplane must be operated at a given weight
Empty weight
Weight of the airplane including unuseable fuel, full
operating fluids and full oil; equipment as indicated
d) Conversions
1 Liter (Ltr)
=
0,264 USG
1 USG
=
3,785 Ltr
1 m
=
3,28 ft
1 ft
=
0,3048 m
1 km/h
=
0,54 kt
1 kt
=
1,852 km/h
1 cm
=
0,394 inch
1 inch
=
2,54 cm
1 bar
=
14,5 psi
1 psi
=
0,069 bar
1 kg
=
2,2 lbs
1 lbs
=
0,45 kg

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Limitations
page 2-1
document code: FK 14 des.002
2. Limitations
2.1. General
This chapter contains limitations, instrument markings and placards required
for the safe operation of the aircraft.
Limitations valid for additional equipment can be found in chapter 9
(supplements).
2.2. Airspeed Limitations
The airspeed limitations (IAS) are based on a weight of 472,5 kg (UL)
respectively 544kg (1199 lbs) (LSA), after modification according TM 014-
01-2012 different airspeed limitations apply:
472,5kg
472,5kg
after TM
544kg /
1199 lbs
VNE :
250 km/h / 135 kt
270 km/h / 146 kt
250 km/h / 135 kt
VNO :
225 km/h / 121 kt
225 km/h / 121 kt
VA:
172 km/h / 93 kt
188 km/h / 102 kt
(Flaps 1) VX:
100 km/h / 54 kt
118 km/h / 64 kt
(Flaps up) VY:
145 km/h / 78 kt
148 km/h / 80 kt
CWC:
28 km/h / 15 kt
VFE full flaps
100 km/h / 54 kt
114 km/h / 62 kt
118 km/h / 64 kt
VFE flaps 2
115 km/h / 62 kt
122 km/h / 66 kt
126 km/h / 68 kt
VFE flaps 1
125 km/h / 67 kt
135 km/h / 73 kt
139 km/h / 75 kt
VS clean
86 km/h / 46 kt
94 km/h / 51 kt
VS0
65 km/h / 35 kt
71 km/h / 38 kt

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Limitations
page 2-2
document code: FK 14 des.002
2.3. Airspeed Indicator Markings
The aircraft must be equipped with an airspeed indicator model „Winter
FK14-EK5“. This is the master airspeed indicator, even with an EFIS
installed.It has following markings and shows IAS in [km/h / kt]:
472,5 kg
472,5 kg
after TM
544 kg
1199 lbs
white arc: 1,1*VSO to VFE
full flap operating range
72 - 100 km/h
39 to 54 kt
72 - 114 km/h
39 to 62 kt
78 - 118 km/h
42 to 64 kt
green arc: 1,1*VS1 to VNO
normal operating range
(flaps up)
95 - 225 km/h
51 to 122 kt
95 - 225 km/h
51 to 122 kt
104 - 225 km/h
56 to 122 kt
yellow radial: at VA
maneuvering speed
172 km/h
93 kt
172 km/h
93 kt
188 km/h
102 kt
yellow arc: VNO to VNE
operate with caution, only
in smooth air
225 - 250 km/h
122 to 135 kt
225 - 270 km/h
122 to 146 kt
225 - 250 km/h
122 to 135 kt
red radial: at VNE
max. speed for all ops.
250 km/h
135 kt
270 km/h
146 kt
250 km/h
135 kt
2.4. Power Plant Limitations
This is summary of the respective engine manual. In case of any
discrepancy the engine manual shall apply.
ROTAX 912
Max. T/O RPM
5800 RPM
Max. cont.RPM
5500 RPM
Oil
automobile - oil (API SF or SG)
Oil level
2,6 Ltr / 2,76 quarts (min) to 3,05 Ltr / 3,24 quarts (max)
Oil temperature
min 50°C (122°F)
max. 130°C / (266°F)
Oil pressure
0.8 bar / 12 psi (below 3500 RPM) to 5 bar / 73 psi
(cold engine start up to 7 bar / 102 psi
Fuel pressure
0,15 bar / 2,2 psi to 0,4 bar / 5,8 psi
iS: 2,8 –3,2 bar / 40,6 –46,4 psi
CHT
max. 120°C / 248°F
when using water / glycol mixture

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Limitations
page 2-3
document code: FK 14 des.002
Note: Oil system, Engine lubrication system
Engines which have had the prop spun for more than 1 turn in reverse
direction allow air to be ingested into the valve train.
Action:
1. It is forbidden to spun the prop in reverse direction for more than 1
turn.
2. Inspection for correct venting of the oil system has to be performed
in cases when the prop has been spun in reverse direction for more
than 1 turn.
2.5. Propeller
Pos.
Engine
Propeller
Diameter
01
ROTAX 912 ULS
Warp / DUC 3 –Blades
1720 mm
02
ROTAX 912 ULS
Mühlbauer 3 –Blades
constant speed
1570 mm
03
ROTAX 912 ULS
Warp / DUC 3 –Blades
1720 mm
04
ROTAX 912 ULS
Neuform 3 –Blades
constant speed
1700 mm
05
ROTAX 912 iS
Mühlbauer 2 –Blades
constant speed
1750 mm
2.6. Service Ceiling
The maximum Altitide in ISA conditions at a weight of 544 kg is:
Engine
ceiling
Please observe Oxygen
requirements and respect any
local regulations and rules!
ROTAX 912 ULS
16000ft = 4877m

POH FK 14 B
FK Lightplanes
Revision 23
Limitations
page 2-4
document code: FK 14 des.002
2.7. Weights
Empty weight:
acc. actual weighing
Maximum weight per seat:
100 kg
220 lbs
Baggage aft max:
10 kg
22 lbs
zero fuel weight max.:
520 kg
1147 lbs
Max. Takeoff / Landing Weight:
472,5 kg
544 kg
(depending on country rules)
1199 lbs
2.8. C.G. Limits
forward center of gravity:
0,280 m / 11,02 inch behind datum
aft center of gravity
0,431 m / 16,97 inch behind datum
Datum is the leading edge of the wing.
For weighing, the firewall has to be in the vertical position.
The aft CG limit for the empty weight is 0,286 m (11,26 inch) aft of datum. If
required it must be achieved by adding balance weights.
Version “LeMans”:
The open canopy of the “LeMans” has a similar weight as the closed canopy,
so there is no effect on weight & balance calculations.
2.9. Maneuvers
The FK 14 is an approved Ultralight or Light Sport Aircraft (LSA), (in USA
according FAA S-LSA).
Acrobatic maneuvers, including spins, bank angles greater than 60°, as well
as IFR and VFR night are prohibited.
Note regarding spins: In the light aircraft/ultralight category spinning is strictly
prohibited and is not required to demonstrate during flight test program.
Despite this, all FK aircraft have also been tested regarding their general
spin characteristics. In general it is important to know that a spin is a very
complex flight condition and relates to many individual factors like weight,
centre of gravity, mass distribution, aerodynamic conditions, number of spin
turns already performed, kind of control deflections already made and so on.
For example, the spinning characteristic of the same aircraft on the same
day can differ significantly because of differences in mass distribution or dirt
on surfaces. This can cause a “non recoverable” spin-condition!
In practice this means that flying into stalls on purpose must be avoided and
recovery procedures have to be performed immediately!