FRONTGRADE LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2 User manual

LEON3 NANDFCTRL2 Xilinx Ultrascale example bitstream
LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2
LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2
Quick Start Guide
USER MANUAL
RELEASED SEPTEMBER 2023
LEON3-XCKU-NANDFC-
TRL2-EX-QSG Frontgrade Gaisler AB | Kungsgatan 12 | SE-411 19 | Göteborg | Sweden | frontgrade.com/gaisler
Sep 2023, Version 1.0

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Sep 2023, Version 1.0 2
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Availability ................................................................................................................ 3
1.3. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................... 3
1.4. References .................................................................................................................. 3
2. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. Board ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.2. The design ................................................................................................................. 4
2.3. GRMON Hardware Debugger ........................................................................................ 4
2.4. Example Applications .................................................................................................. 4
3. Board Configuration ............................................................................................................... 5
3.1. Buttons and switches .................................................................................................... 5
3.2. Connectors ................................................................................................................. 5
3.3. LEDs ......................................................................................................................... 5
3.4. UT81NDQ512G8T NAND FLASH FMC mezzanine board ................................................. 5
3.5. Memories ................................................................................................................... 5
3.5.1. ....................................................................................................................... 5
3.6. Programming the bitstream ........................................................................................... 5
4. Software Development Environment ......................................................................................... 7
4.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 7
5. GRMON hardware debugger .................................................................................................... 8
5.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 8
5.2. Debug-link alternatives ................................................................................................. 8
5.2.1. Connecting via the Ethernet debug interfaces ......................................................... 8
5.2.2. Connecting via the UART debug link ................................................................... 8
5.3. First steps .................................................................................................................. 8
5.4. Connecting to the board ............................................................................................... 8
5.5. Get system information ................................................................................................ 9
5.6. Load a RAM application .............................................................................................. 9
6. Toolchains .......................................................................................................................... 10
6.1. Bare C Cross-Compiler System .................................................................................... 10
6.1.1. Overview ....................................................................................................... 10
6.1.2. Compiling with BCC ....................................................................................... 10
6.1.3. Running and debugging with GRMON ................................................................ 10
7. Support ............................................................................................................................... 12

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1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
This document is a quick start guide for the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2 example bitstream.
The purpose of this document is to get users quickly started with the bitstream on a Xilinx KCU105 board together
with a UT81NDQ512G8T NAND FLASH FMC mezzanine board.
This quick start guide does not contain many technical details and is instead how-to oriented. However, to make
the most of the guide the user should have glanced through the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX User Manual
and should ideally also be familiar with the GRMON debug monitor.
1.2. Availability
To get access to the evaluation bitstreams, contact [email protected]
More information about NANDFCTRL2 can be found on the products web page https://www.gaisler.com/NAND-
FCTRL2.
1.3. Prerequisites
To use the provided bitstream, the user needs:
• Xilinx KCU105 board.
• Frontgrade UT81NDQ512G8T NAND FLASH FMC mezz board: PN UT81NDQ512G8T-KU060-EVB.
Contact your local Frontgrade representative for inquiries.
• Xilinx Vivado Design Suite (to program the FPGA). Vivado is available at https://www.xilinx.com/prod-
ucts/design-tools/vivado.html.
• GRMON3, available at https://www.gaisler.com/grmon.
• Workstation with GNU/Linux or Microsoft Windows.
• Example applications, provided together with the bitstream located in the systest folder.
• Bare-C Cross Compilation system (BCC) is required to update the available example applications, available
at https://gaisler.com/index.php/downloads/compilers.
1.4. References
Table 1.1. References
RD-1 The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 8, Revision SAV080SI9308
RD-2 GRMON User's Manual [https://www.gaisler.com/doc/grmon3.pdf]
RD-3 Bare C Cross-Compilation System [https://www.gaisler.com/index.php/products/operat-
ing-systems/bcc]
RD-4 BCC User's Manual [https://www.gaisler.com/doc/bcc2.pdf]
RD-5 GRLIB User's Manual [https://gaisler.com/products/grlib/grlib.pdf]
RD-6 GRLIB IP Cores Manual [https://gaisler.com/products/grlib/grip.pdf]
RD-7 LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX User Manual; [https://www.gaisler.com/NANDFC-
TRL2]
RD-8 KCU105 Board User Guide [https://www.xilinx.com/support/documenta-
tion/boards_and_kits/kcu105/ug917-kcu105-eval-bd.pdf]
RD-9 RTEMS homepage [https://www.rtems.org]
RD-10 RTEMS User Manual [https://docs.rtems.org/branches/master/user/index.html]
RD-11 LEON/ERC32 RTEMS Cross Compilation System (RCC) [https://www.gaisler.com/
index.php/products/operating-systems/rtems]
RD-12 RCC User's manual [https://gaisler.com/anonftp/rcc/doc]
RD-13 Frontgrade Gaisler RTEMS driver documentation [https://gaisler.com/anonftp/rcc/doc]

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2. Overview
2.1. Board
The LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2 example bitstream should be used with the following boards:
• Xilinx KCU105
• UT81NDQ512G8T NAND FLASH FMC mezzanine board.
2.2. The design
The SoC system is described in [RD-7], available at https://www.gaisler.com/NANDFCTRL2. For details about
the the interfaces' connections in the board see (Chapter 3).
2.3. GRMON Hardware Debugger
Non-intrusive debugging of the design and application execution can be performed using the GRMON hardware
debugger. Please see (Chapter 5) for further information regarding GRMON and the available debug links.
2.4. Example Applications
The bitstream comes together with a set of example applications available both in .c and .exe format. Those are
locatedinthesystestfolder.TherecommendedmethodtoloadsoftwareontoLEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX
is by connecting to a debug interface of the board through the GRMON hardware debugger (Chapter 5). The
applicationscanbeupdatedandrebuiltusingBCC.Pleasesee(Section6.1)forfurtherinformationregardingBCC.
There are several basic applications that perform a basic setup, reset of NANDFCTRL2 and the FLASH memory
device, followed by a read id command. These basic applications include one unique program per flash device
ce_n signal, i.e. 4 programs. There is also one basic program using linked list mode.
The systest.exe application performs all ONFI mandatory commands as well as read and write between ram mem-
ory and the nand flash device. This includes fill ram memory with data, setup and reset NANDFCTRL2 and the
FLASH memory device, read id, read parameter page, block erase, read status, page program including change
write column, and page read including change read column.
The log below show the print of the systest_basic.exe application loaded and executed with GRMON.
grmon3> load systest_basic.exe
40000000 .text 65.0kB / 65.0kB [===============>] 100%
400103d0 .rodata 2.3kB / 2.3kB [===============>] 100%
40010cf0 .data 1.6kB / 1.6kB [===============>] 100%
Total size: 68.80kB (28.18Mbit/s)
Entry point 0x40000000
Image systest/systest_basic.exe loaded
grmon3> run
INF : main enter
INF : Setting up IRQ handler for IRQ 4
INF : Setting up unmask IRQ 4 - res 0
INF : OK IRQ unmask for IRQ 4
INF : IRQ handler OK.
------------------------------------
NAND flash controller 2 - test start
------------------------------------
INF : Reset nandfctrl2 registers using soft reset
INF : Assure DA = 0
core status 0 = 0
INF : Setup SDR Timing Mode 0
1) Issue a reset via command to one target
core status 1 = 3
Disable WP
core status 0 = 0
2) Command Read ID 0x90 0x20
datain_0_reg = 4f4e4649
-----------------------------------
NAND flash controller 2 - test end
-----------------------------------
Program exited normally
grmon3>

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3. Board Configuration
This chapter describes board items as used by the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX design.
3.1. Buttons and switches
•CPU_RST button: Main reset to the FPGA design.
•SW12[1:4]: 4-Pole DIP Switch GPIO0 connected to inputs 0-1-2-3.
•SW7, SW9, SW10, SW8 buttons: connected to GPIO0 inputs 4-5-6-7.
•SW6 button: Connected to DSUBREAK signal. Push to break software execution.
The Switch SW12.1 is also connected to DSU_SEL and acts as select signal for the UART interface.
• When set to "ON" the UART interface is connected to the UART debug link (AHBUART).
• When set to "OFF" the UART interface is connected to the APBUART.
3.2. Connectors
•J87: USB JTAG interface via Digilent module with micro-B USB connector. Connector USB-JTAG. See
(Chapter 5).
•J4:USB UART interface. Connector USB-UART. AHBUART debug link or APBUART function selectable
by SW12.1.
• Ethernet PHY SGMII interface with RJ-45 connector. See (Chapter 5).
•J52: PMOD Connector J52: GPIO1 inputs 0-7.
•J53: PMOD Connector J53 pin 1 and 3: GPIO1 inputs 8-9.
3.3. LEDs
•LED[0]: Connected to DSU_Active.
•LED[1]: When ON indicates that the CPU is in error mode.
•LED[5]: Connected to DSU_SEL signal.
•LED[6..7]: When ON they indicate that the memory controller calibration is complete and the FPGA
design has access to the on-board SDRAM.
3.4. UT81NDQ512G8T NAND FLASH FMC mezzanine board
•LED: Indicates that the board is powered.
•Switch: The Switch on mezzanine is used to set the address to the eeproms and should be set to pin 1.
3.5. Memories
The board is equipped with 2 GB DDR4 component memory (four [256 Mb x 16] devices).
3.6. Programming the bitstream
A vivado script to program the FPGA is provided in the bitstream folder. It has been tested using Vivado 2018.1.
The .mcs file should be used to program the configuration memory. Follow the instructions below to program
the FPGA:
1. Assure the NAND FLASH mezzanine board is unconnected during programming.
2. Connect the PC and the board using a standard micro-USB cable into the connector USB-JTAG J87.
3. Make sure that Vivado is added to your path variables.
4. Open a terminal in the downloaded folder and issue the following command to launch Vivado:
vivado -mode tcl -notrace -source doprog.tcl
5. To program the configuration memory, run in the Vivado console:
doprog

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The expected output should be similar as below:
vivado -mode tcl -notrace -source doprog.tcl
****** Vivado v2018.1 (64-bit)
**** SW Build 2188600 on Wed Apr 4 18:39:19 MDT 2018
**** IP Build 2185939 on Wed Apr 4 20:55:05 MDT 2018
** Copyright 1986-2018 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
source doprog.tcl -notrace
Vivado% doprog
-------------------------------------------------------
Programming the FPGA configuration memory
-------------------------------------------------------
INFO: [Labtools 27-2285] Connecting to hw_server url TCP:localhost:3121
INFO: [Labtools 27-2222] Launching hw_server...
INFO: [Labtools 27-2221] Launch Output:
****** Xilinx hw_server v2018.1
**** Build date : Apr 4 2018-18:56:09
** Copyright 1986-2018 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO: [Labtoolstcl 44-466] Opening hw_target localhost:3121/xilinx_tcf/Digilent/210308A7A4F5
INFO: [Labtools 27-2302] Device xcku040 (JTAG device index = 0) is programmed with a design
that has 1 SPI core(s).
INFO: [Labtools 27-3164] End of startup status: HIGH
Mfg ID : 20 Memory Type : bb Memory Capacity : 19 Device ID 1 : 0 Device ID 2 : 0
Performing Erase Operation...
Erase Operation successful.
Performing Program and Verify Operations...
Program/Verify Operation successful.
INFO: [Labtoolstcl 44-377] Flash programming completed successfully
program_hw_cfgmem: Time (s): cpu = 00:00:00.85 ; elapsed = 00:05:57 . Memory (MB):
peak = 1827.641 ; gain = 32.000 ; free physical = 11683 ; free virtual = 23616
INFO: [Labtools 27-2302] Device xcku040 (JTAG device index = 0) is programmed with a design
that has 1 SPI core(s).
****** Webtalk v2018.1 (64-bit)
**** SW Build 2188600 on Wed Apr 4 18:39:19 MDT 2018
**** IP Build 2185939 on Wed Apr 4 20:55:05 MDT 2018
** Copyright 1986-2018 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO: [Common 17-206] Exiting Webtalk at Wed Sep 6 10:32:24 2023...
Vivado%
6. Turn off the KCU-105 board.
7. Connect the FMC mezzanine to J22. Some of the early revisions of the NAND FLASH mezzanine board
have some "overhang" over some of the jumpers on the KCU105 board. If using one of those boards assure
the board is mounted properly and there is no risk of shorts, i.e. add some isolation between the mezzanine
and the jumpers.
8. Turn on the KCU-105. Wait a few seconds an press the clk_sys (SW-5) button.
Alternatively, the bitstream file (.mcs) can be programmed to the Xilinx KCU105 using the Vivado design suite
in GUI mode. Start vivado and Open the Hardware Manager, open the target, add configuration memory device
mt25qu256-spi-x1_x2_x4 and program the configuration memory using the bitstream file (the *.mcs file). Close
the hardware manager.

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4. Software Development Environment
4.1. Overview
Frontgrade Gaisler provides a comprehensive set of software tools to run several different operating systems.
For the latest status of NANDFCTRL2 drivers for the different operating systems, contact [email protected].
LEON3 supports the following operating systems:
BCC the Bare C Cross-Compiler System is a toolchain to compile bare C or C++ applications di-
rectly on top of the processor without the servises provided by an operating system.
RTEMS a hard Real Time Operating System. Frontgrade Gaisler provides, for LEON3, a preliminary
toolchain and kernel to develop and compile RTEMS applications.
Linux the open source operating system. Board Support Packages and tools to ease the compilation
and deployment of the kernel are provided.
VxWorks an embedded real-time operating system developed by WindRiver. Frontgrade Gaisler pro-
vides a LEON architectural port (HAL) and a Board Support Package (BSP) in full source
code.
Frontgrade Gaisler also provides debug tools. The LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX is supported by the fol-
lowing:
GRMON Used to run and debug applications on LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX hardware. See
(Chapter 5).
The recommended method to load software onto LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX is by connecting to a debug
interface of the board through the GRMON hardware debugger (Chapter 5).

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5. GRMON hardware debugger
5.1. Overview
GRMON is a debug monitor used to develop and debug GRLIB systems with NOEL and LEON processors. The
target system, including the processor and peripherals, is accessed on the AHB bus through a debug-link connected
to the host computer. GRMON has GDB support which makes C/C++ level debugging possible by connecting
GDB to the GRMON's GDB socket. With GRMON one can for example:
• Inspect LEON3 and peripheral registers
• Upload applications to RAM with the load command.
• Control execution flow by starting applications (run), continue execution (cont), single-stepping (step), in-
serting breakpoints/watchpoints (bp) etc.
• Inspect the current CPU state listing the back-trace, instruction trace and disassemble machine code.
The first step is to set up a debug link in order to connect to the board. The following section outlines which debug
interfaces are available and how to use them on the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2 example bitstream. After
that, a basic first inspection of the board is exemplified.
GRMON is described on the homepage [https://www.gaisler.com/index.php/products/debug-tools] and in detail
in [RD-2].
5.2. Debug-link alternatives
5.2.1. Connecting via the Ethernet debug interfaces
If another address is wanted for the Ethernet debug link then one of the other debug links must be used to connect
GRMON to the board. The EDCL IP address can then be changed using GRMON's edcl command. This new
address will persist until next system reset.
With the Ethernet Debug Communication Link 0 address set to 192.168.0.187 the GRMON command to connect
to the board is:
grmon -eth 192.168.0.187
5.2.2. Connecting via the UART debug link
Make sure that the switch SW12.1 select the UART debug link (ON position). Connect the PC and the board
using a standard micro-USB cable into the connector USB-UART J4 and issue the following command:
grmon -uart /dev/ttyUSB0
5.3. First steps
The previous sections have described which debug-links are available and how to start using them with GRMON.
The subsections below assume that GRMON, the host computer and the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX
board have been set up so that GRMON can connect to the board.
When connecting to the board for the first time it is recommended to get to know the system by inspecting the
current configuration and hardware present using GRMON. With the info sys command more details about the
system is printed and with info reg the register contents of the I/O registers can be inspected. Below is a list of
items of particular interest:
• AMBA system frequency is printed out at connect, if the frequency is wrong then it might be due to noise in
auto detection (small error). See -freq flag in the GRMON User's Manual [RD-2].
• Memory location and size configuration is found from the info sys output.
5.4. Connecting to the board
In the following example the Ethernet debug-link is used to connect to the board. The auto-detected frequency,
memory parameters and stack pointer are verified by looking at the GRMON terminal output below.
grmon -u -eth 192.168.0.187

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GRMON debug monitor v3.3.4.1-35-g5ecb169 64-bit internal version
Copyright (C) 2023 Frontgrade Gaisler - All rights reserved.
For latest updates, go to https://www.gaisler.com/
Comments or bug-reports to [email protected]
This internal version will expire on 05/09/2024
Parsing -u
Parsing -eth 192.168.0.187
Commands missing help:
echotrace
package
Ethernet startup...
WARNING! NANDF: PHY timing is based on APB clock (100000000 Hz) and not PHY clock
Device ID: 0xA705
GRLIB build version: 4283
Detected frequency: 100.0 MHz
Component Vendor
LEON3 SPARC V8 Processor Frontgrade Gaisler
JTAG Debug Link Frontgrade Gaisler
AHB Debug UART Frontgrade Gaisler
GR Ethernet MAC Frontgrade Gaisler
NAND Flash Controller 2 Frontgrade Gaisler
AHB/APB Bridge Frontgrade Gaisler
LEON3 Debug Support Unit Frontgrade Gaisler
Xilinx MIG Controller Frontgrade Gaisler
Single-port AHB SRAM module Frontgrade Gaisler
Generic AHB ROM Frontgrade Gaisler
Generic UART Frontgrade Gaisler
Multi-processor Interrupt Ctrl. Frontgrade Gaisler
Modular Timer Unit Frontgrade Gaisler
LEON3 Statistics Unit Frontgrade Gaisler
On chip Logic Analyzer Frontgrade Gaisler
General Purpose I/O port Frontgrade Gaisler
General Purpose I/O port Frontgrade Gaisler
XILINX SGMII Interface Frontgrade Gaisler
Use command 'info sys' to print a detailed report of attached cores
grmon3>
5.5. Get system information
One can limit the output to certain cores by specifying the core(s) name(s) to the info sys and info reg commands.
As seen below the memory parameters, first UART and first Timer core information is listed.
grmon3> info reg uart0
Generic UART
0x80000104 UART Status register 0x00000086
0x80000108 UART Control register 0x80000003
0x8000010c UART Scaler register 0x00000145
grmon3> info sys gptimer0
gptimer0 Frontgrade Gaisler Modular Timer Unit
APB: 80000300 - 80000400
IRQ: 8
16-bit scalar, 2 * 32-bit timers, divisor 100
5.6. Load a RAM application
An application linked to RAM can be loaded directly with the load and run with run.
grmon3> load systest.exe
40000000 .text 70.2kB / 70.2kB [===============>] 100%
400118d0 .rodata 2.9kB / 2.9kB [===============>] 100%
40012490 .data 1.6kB / 1.6kB [===============>] 100%
Total size: 74.70kB (26.61Mbit/s)
Entry point 0x40000000
systest.exe loaded
grmon3> run
INF : main enter
...

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6. Toolchains
6.1. Bare C Cross-Compiler System
6.1.1. Overview
The Bare C Cross-Compiler (BCC for short) is a GNU-based cross-compilation system for LEON processors. It
allowscross-compilationofCand C++applicationsfor LEON2,LEON3and LEON4.Thissection givesthereader
a brief introduction on how to use BCC together with the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2 example bitstream. It
will be demonstrated how to build an an example program and run it on the LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX
using GRMON.
The BCC toolchain includes the GNU C/C++ cross-compiler 7.2.0, GNU Binutils, Newlib embedded C library,
the Bare-C run-time system with LEON support and the GNU debugger (GDB). The toolchain can be downloaded
from[RD-3]andisavailableforbothLinuxandWindows.FurtherinformationaboutBCCcanbefoundin[RD-4].
The installation process of BCC is described in [RD-4]. The rest of this chapter assumes that sparc-gaisler-elf-
gcc is available in the PATH variable.
6.1.2. Compiling with BCC
The following command shows an example of how to compile a typical hello, world program with BCC.
$ cat hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
$ sparc-gaisler-elf-gcc -qbsp=gr712rc -mcpu=leon3 -mfix-gr712rc -O2 -g hello.c -o hello.elf
All GCC options are described in the gcc manual. Some of the most common options are:
Table 6.1. BCC's GCC compiler relevant options
-g generate debugging information - recommended for debugging with GDB
-msoft-float emulate floating-point - must be used if no FPU exists in the system
-O2 optimize for speed
-Os optimize for size
-Og optimize for debugging experience
-qsvt use the single-vector trap model
-mflat enable flat register window model. The compiler will not emit SAVE and RESTORE
instructions.
It is recommended to use the options
-qbsp=gr712rc -mcpu=leon3 -mfix-gr712rc
with LEON5. For more details, see [RD-3].
6.1.3. Running and debugging with GRMON
Once your application is compiled, connect to your LEON3-XCKU-NANDFCTRL2-EX with GRMON. The fol-
lowing log shows how to load and run an application. Note that the console output is redirected to GRMON by the
use of the -u command line switch, so that the application standard output is forwarded to the GRMON console.
Todebugthecompiledprogramyoucaninsertbreakpoints,stepandcontinueexecutiondirectlyfromtheGRMON
console. Compilation symbols are loaded automatically by GRMON once you load the application. An example
is provided below.
grmon3> load hello.elf

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40000000 .text 23.6kB / 23.6kB [===============>] 100%
40005E70 .data 2.7kB / 2.7kB [===============>] 100%
Total size: 26.29kB (806.59kbit/s)
Entry point 0x40000000
Image hello.elf loaded
grmon3> bp main
Software breakpoint 1 at <main>
grmon3> run
CPU 0: breakpoint 1 hit
0x40001928: b0102000 mov 0, %i0 <main+4>
CPU 1: Power down mode
grmon3> step
0x40001928: b0102000 mov 0, %i0 <main+4>
grmon3> step
0x4000192c: 11100017 sethi %hi(0x40005C00), %o0 <main+8>
grmon3> cont
hello, world
CPU 0: Program exited normally.
Alternatively you can run GRMON with the -gdb command line option and then attach a GDB session to it. For
further information see Chapter 3 of [RD-4].

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7. Support
For support contact the Frontgrade Gaisler support team at [email protected].
When contacting support, please identify yourself in full, including company affiliation and site name and address.
Please identify exactly what product that is used, specifying if it is an IP core (with full name of the library
distribution archive file), component, software version, compiler version, operating system version, debug tool
version, simulator tool version, board version, etc.
There is also an open forum available at https://grlib.community.

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Frontgrade Gaisler AB
Kungsgatan 12
411 19 Göteborg
Sweden
frontgrade.com/gaisler
[email protected]
T: [phone]
F: [phone]
Frontgrade Gaisler AB, reserves the right to make changes to any products and services described herein at any time without
notice. Consult the company or an authorized sales representative to verify that the information in this document is current before
using this product. The company does not assume any responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any product
or service described herein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by the company; nor does the purchase, lease, or use of
a product or service from the company convey a license under any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other of
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