Fungilab Visco Ball V9000 User manual

Visco Ball (Hoppler)
V9000
Operation Manual
PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE OPERATION
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0. INDEX
FALLING BALL VISCOMETER iError! Marcador no definido.
0. INDEX 3
1. Note 4
2. Important 5
3. Safetyprecautions 6
4. Contents of delivery 6
5. Fallingballviscometer 7
5.1. Introduction 8
5.2.Setting upthe equipment.Assembly 8
5.3.Principle ofthe measurement 9
6. Setting upand operation 10
6.1.Temperaturecontrol 10
6.2.Loading the sample 10
6.3.Selection ofthe balls 11
7. Measurement ofthe fallingtimes 12
8. Evaluation ofthe test results 14
9. Viscositydetermination of gases 16
10. Cleaning the measuringtube 16
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1. Note
The company'spolicy canbe summed upasoneof continuousdevelopment and
progress. We reserve the right to vary the product in minordetails, to those
describe in this publication.
We include all additionalinformation that is necessary toour products and
materials.
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2. Important
(1) When you receive the equipment, you shouldverify and confirm the "delivery
note".
Ifyou find any damage orany discrepancy (anything abnormal), you should
compile a damage report and adviseimmediatelyyoursupplier.
(2)The manufacturer'sguaranteewill notbe valid in case that, any part or device
of the equipmentcould be damaged because ofan incorrectpacking.
(3) Please read the instructionscarefully
(4)All modification,elimination or lackingmaintenance inany device ofthe
equipment,transgress the directive ofuse 891655/CEE, andthe manufacturer can
assume no responsibility forany damages that could be involved.
While this instrument isin use, itmay needservice. In this case, you only have to
phone the office,whose address isatthe bottom ofthe page, orto your usual
supplier.
Itis advisable to have a regularmaintenance for yourequipment. We recommend
that you check the viscometersonce a year.
FUNGILAB,S.A.
C/ Constitucio 64- Nau 15- Pol. Ind. Les Grases
08980 Sant Feliu del Llobregat
(Barcelona) Spain
Phone [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.fungilab.com
Email: [email protected]m
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3. Safety precautions
These notes are intended to draw your attention to risks,whichonly youcan
recognize and avoid or overcome.They are intended to enhanceyour own safety
consciousness. We have setthe highestqualitystandards for this unit and
ourselves duringdevelopment and production.Every unit meetsrelevantsafety
regulations. The correct unit usage and properhandling is howeversolelyyour
responsibility. The followingnotesmust be observed:
• This instruction manualmust be carefullystudied. It containsimportant
information onthe connection tothe localmains supply, correct unit usage
and safehandling.
• Check for transportationdamageduringunpacking. Getin contact with
supplierand/orcarrier for settlement of damageclaims. Donottryto start
up a damaged unit before the damage has beenrepaired oryou have
ascertained the effect ofthe damage.
• Ensure that this manual is always at hand for every unit operator. Only use
this unit solely forthe intendedapplication.
• Specialistpersonnelmustonlycarry out repairs,alterations or modifications.
Improperrepairs can cause considerabledamage. The FUNGILAB service
department isat yourdisposal for repairwork.
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•Donot operate the unit with wetor oilyhands.
•Donot expose the unit to spraywater.
•Donot clean the unit withsolvents (fire risk!) - a wet clothsoaked in
household detergent is normallysufficient.
• Only usethe heattransferliquidsrecommended by FUNGILAB. Please refer
tothe respective EC- SafetyDataSheet.
You alone are responsible forthe handling of thesesubstances.
Our advice:
•Ifin doubt, consult a safetyspecialist.
• Read the product manufacturer's or supplier's "EC- SAFETY DATA SHEET"
• Read relevantregulationsconcerningdangerousmaterials
• Observerelevantguidelines for laboratories in yourcountry
4, Contents of delivery
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The followingstandard accessories are deliveredtogether with the VISCO BALL:
Code Description
Falling ball viscometer, ready for testing
Set of balls 1-6 (seechapter10.3)
Hollow stopper
Stopper
Ball tweezers
Cleaning brush
Cover plate
Stopper gasket 0 = 15.6 mm
Thermometergasket 0 = 10mm
Socketwrench
Instruction manual
No othermaterialexcept for cleaningmaterial(V99999cleaningbrush) is
necessary at normaluse.
5. Fallingballviscometer
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5.1. Introduction
The heart ofthe instrument isthe Measuringtubemade of glass anda ball.This
tubecarries two ringmarks A andB, which are spaced 100mm apart and which
limit the measuringdistance (ring mark C is equidistantbetween A andB).The
measuringtube is jacketed by means ofan outerglass tube, whichencloses a
room tobefilledwitha temperature-controlled liquid. Themeasuring tube is
fastened tothe stand in such a way that its axis is inclined with respect tothe
vertical by 10°Cduring the measurement.
The measuringtubetogether with the jacket maybe pivoted in order to turn the
tubeupsidedownagain toletthe ballreturn tothe initial positionbefore a
measurement. The measuringtube is closed on bothsides bytwo stoppers, oneof
which contains a capillary anda smallreservoir.Thisstopperpreventsundesirable
changes of pressure inthe liquid sample andhasa passage forair bubbleswhen
the temperature is beingchanged. The viscometerincloses all samplescompletely
to preventvolatization and film forming. The stand maybe levelled by means ofits
water level andthe levellingscrews. The easilyinterchangeablethermometer
allows a precisetemperature control.
5.2. Setting upthe equipment. Assembly
Insert the measuringtube into the stand and fasten it with the knurlednut.
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5.3.Principle ofthe measurement
The VISCO BALL Viscometermeasures the viscosity of transparentNewtonian
liquids.Thisviscosity is correlated tothe time a BALL requires to fall a defined
distance. The rolling and slidingmovement ofthe ballthrough the sample filled
into a slightlyinclinedcylindricalmeasuringtube is described by means ofthe fall
time. The testresults are given asthe dynamicviscosityusing the internationally
standardized absolute unit of "mili Pascal-seconds" (mPa-s).
Note: 1 mPa's = 1cP (centiPoise)
The VISCO BALL Viscometercorresponds tothe requirements of many
internationalstandards,i.e. ISO 12058 andthe Germanstandard DIN53 015.
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1. Fallingtube
2. Ball
3. Circulationjacket
4. Screw
7.Set screw
8. Gasket
9. Cover
11. Brace
12. Jackettube
13. Holow stopper
14. Stopper
15. Capillary
16. Closingplate
17. Gasket for fallingtube
18.Threaded bush
20. Connecting rod
6. Setting upand operation
6.1. Temperature control
The VISCO BALL Viscometer maybe temperaturecontrolled ina temperature
range from -20upto +120 °C usingliquidcirculators,i.e. oneofthe Thermovisc
series from FUNGILAB, S.A.
The sampleshouldrest at leastsome 15 minutes inthe measuringtube atthe test
temperaturebefore the measurement is started.
The temperature inthe jacketaround the measuringtubemust be maintained
within a temperaturetolerance of± 0.03 °Cfor test temperaturesbetween 10up
to80 °C.
For testtemperaturesbeyondthese limits the tolerances maybe increased to
+0.05 °C.
The temperingroom(seefunctionalelements)must be free ofair bubbles.
6.2.Loading the sample
All parts ofthe viscometerbeing in directcontactwith the samplemust be kept
clean and dry.
A samplevolume of approximately 45 cm3 is poured into the measuringtube upto
20 mm below therimofthe tube.Then the ball is placedinto the tube andthe
hollowstopper is introduced. The liquidshouldreach a level just beyond the
capillary. The sample inthe tubemust be free ofair bubbles.
Before the finaltestdata are taken the ballshould run through the tube upand
down at leastonce to improve the homogeneity ofthe samples andits
temperature uniformity.
IMPORTANT: When filling the fallingtube,keep in mindthat an increment of
temperaturewillmean a dilatationinto the sample. If there isnot enough gap into
the fallingtube,whenheating the viscometer, the sampledilatation can break the
internaltube.
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Hollow stopper*
Capillary
// — Ba"
/ 7 ^-Measuring Tube
6.3. Selection ofthe balls.
The standardball set contains 6 balls, whichpass through the measuringtube of
an innerdiameter of approximately15.94 ±0.01 mm.
Article
V91101
V91102
V91103
V91104
V91105
V91106
Ball
n°
1
2
3
4
5
6
Material
Bprosilicate
glass
Borosilicate
glass
Ni-Fe
Ni-Fe
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Density
P g/cm3
2.2
2.2
8.1
8.1
7.7-
8.1
7.7-
8.1
Ball
diameter
mm.
15.81
15.6
15.6
15.2
14.0
11.0
Constant K
mPa'S'
cm3/g-s
(approx.)
0.007
0.09
0.09
0.7
4.5
33
Measuring
range mPa-s
0.6 ...10
7 ...130
30 ...700
200 ... 4800
800 ...
10000
6000 ...
75000
Additionally the followingball is deliverable:
Article
V91107
Ball
n°
G
Material
Borosilicate
glass
Density
P g/cm3
2.2
Ball
diameter
mm.
15.91
Constant K
mPa'S1
cm3/g-s
(approx.)
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Measuring
range mPa-s
gases
The measuringranges for viscosityindicated are related toDIN 53015 andISO
12058. Sometimes itmaybe necessary tousetwo differentballs in order to cover
a widermeasuringrange, i.e. when the function of viscosityversustemperature is
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measured over a widetemperature interval; in this case, you insert two different
balls atthe same time into the measuringtube with the smallerbailinserted first.
The reduced starting distance will not influence the test result significantly, but
increases the uncertainty.
7. Measurement ofthe falling times
The jacket tube snaps into a defined 10° position atthe bottom ofthe instrument.
By turning over the jacket tube, the bail issettothe measuringposition. The
fallingtime ofthe bailmovingfrom the ringmark A to ringmark B is determined
by using a stopwatch. The time periodstartswhen the lowerperiphery ofthe bail
touches the ringmark A, whichmustappear asa straight line. The falling time
ends when the lowerperiphery ofthe bailtouches the ringmark B, whichagain
must appear asa straight line. Ifone uses the distance ACorCBto reducevery
long fallingtimes for highviscousliquids the double ofthe measuring time period
must be taken into account.
Turning the jackettube180°again the bailreturns toits startposition (itis good
practice to take the meanvalue outof severalfalling time values (3to 5)).
The fallingtimes forthe ball returning may varyfrom the normalvalue (upto1
%). Ifthe returning ofthe bailshouldalso be used for exactmeasurements a new
constant K must be determined.
Constant forthe returning ofthe ball:
= normalfalling time • normalconstant K
falling time when returning
When testingdarkliquids itis usuallyvery difficult toseethe lowerpart ofthe
ball. In this case we advise to take the bailequatorwhen it passes through the
ring marks.
L
Ring A -,,
•0-Ring C
0-Ring B
A
C
C
B
AB
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8. Evaluation ofthe test results
The dynamicviscosity n (in mPa-s) is calculatedusing the followingequation:
TI = K (pi - P2) • t
where:
K = ball constant mPa's- cm3/g-s
pi = density ofthe bail in g/cm3
P2 = density ofthe liquid tobe measured atthe measuringtemperature in g/cm3
t= fallingtime ofthe ball in seconds.
The dynamicviscosity n is given in units of mPa-s (cP) and must be completed by
stating the sampletemperature. The dynamicviscosity r| maybe converted tothe
kinematicviscosity v by using the followingequation:
v = TI/P
v = kinematic viscosity [mm2/s -» [1 mm2/s = 1 cSt]]
n = dynamic viscosity*'[m Pa-s ]
p = density ofthe liquid sample [g/cm3]
To evaluate the reliability ofthe results the followingcriteria maybe used:
Reproducibility (oneperson, one instrument)
If one persondetermines two test results underidenticaltestconditions,these
results are supposed tobe acceptable if they donot varymorethan the figures
stated inthe tablebelowfrom the averagevalue.
Comparability (severalpersons,several different instruments)
Iftwo sets of testresults are reached intwo differentplacesundercomparable
conditions,theseresults are supposed tobe acceptable if they donot varymore
than the figuresstated inthe tablebelow from the average value.
Ball n°
1
2,3,4
5
6
Reproducibility %
1.0
0.5
0.7
1.5
Comparability
DIN 53015
2
1
1.5
3
ISO 12058
2
2
1
3
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Please note: Even whenusingballs with different diameters for Newtonian liquids
identicalviscosityvalues will be obtained.
When non-Newtonianliquids are testedvaryingviscosityvalues will result when
balls of differingballdiameters are beingused.Testdata of non-Newtonian
liquidscomparingsimilarsamples, but testresultsmust notbe givenusing
mPa-s units.
Non-Newtonian liquids maybe fully characterized Theologically by means of
absolute rotationalviscometers,i.e. the FUNGILAB VISCO BASIC, VISCO STAR,
VISCO STAR plus, VISCO ELITE,Alpha,Smart,Expert or Premium.
Example
(sugar solution of40 %)
Density of ball 2:2.2 g/cm3
Density ofthe solution: 1.18 g/cm3
Ball constant K: 0.09 mPa'S' cm3/g-s
Falling time: 61s
Measuring temperature:20.0 °C
The absoluteviscosityis...
ruo°c = 0.09 • (2.2 - 1.18) • 61= 5.6 mPa-s
In most cases the densities ofthe test liquids are known. The evaluation may be'
simplified by introducing a factorwhichincludes the densities. Inour example of
the sugarsolution the exact factor is...
(pi - p2) ' K= 0,1098 (mPa-s/s)
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9. Viscosity determination of gases
The viscositydetermination of gases hastobe done with ball G that is made outof
glass.
The measuringtubemust be closed withrubberstoppers fitted with glass
stopcocks.
-» Measuring tube, glass ball andgas must be clean and dry.
The tube is flushedseveraltimeswith thegastobe tested to push outany
remains of air.Then the tube filled with thegas sample is closed with the
stopcocks and raised tothe testtemperature.
The calculation ofthegas viscosity is based onthe comparisonwith the viscosity
ofairat20 °C (n = 1815 • 10'5 mPa-s):
Hgas = (FG/ FA)• 1815 • 10"5 mPa'S
where:
rigas = viscosity ofthegasatthe temperature T
FG = fallingtimeoftheballinthegasatthetemperatureT
FA = fallingtime ofti\ ball inairata temperature of+20°C
Viscosity oftheairata temperature of+20°C= 1815 • 10"5 mPa-s
10. Cleaning the measuring tube
Usually the tube is cleaned by rinsing it with a suitablesolvent.
High viscous liquids(glue and heavyoils,etc.) have tobe removedwith the
cleaning piston,which is optionalwith the instrument. Push thispistonslowly
through the tube.After this, therewill be only a thin film ofthe liquid left onthe
walls ofthe tube that then canbe removed with a solvent.
Especially whenmeasuring with balls 1 andGitis veryimportant,that the tube
and the bail are clean and dry.
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