Ge Entellisys 4.0 User guide

GEGE

EntellisysEntellisys

™™

EntellisysEntellisys

™™

4.04.0

Low-Voltage SwitchgearLow-Voltage Switchgear

Application GuideApplication Guide

ContentsContents

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EntellisysEntellisys

™™

Low-Voltage SwitchgearLow-Voltage Switchgear

Section 1. Section 1.

IntroductioIntroductio

Since electricity was first harnessed, protecting circuits against faults andSince electricity was first harnessed, protecting circuits against faults and

overloads has been a persistent challenge. Circuit protection technology hasoverloads has been a persistent challenge. Circuit protection technology has

advanced over the years, with today’s modern fuses, bimetallic trips, magneticadvanced over the years, with today’s modern fuses, bimetallic trips, magnetic

trips, and powerful electronic trips providing a wide range of choices. However,trips, and powerful electronic trips providing a wide range of choices. However,

from the simplest fuse to the most complex digital trip, all of these devices havefrom the simplest fuse to the most complex digital trip, all of these devices have

common licommon li

mit; all are onmit; all are on

ly able to consily able to consi

der the current in the der the current in the

conductors theyconductors they

directly protect. Because of this limitation, these mechanisms are oblivious todirectly protect. Because of this limitation, these mechanisms are oblivious to

the larger systems and changing environments within which they operate. Allthe larger systems and changing environments within which they operate. All

modern trip systems can only react to what they know—the current magnitudemodern trip systems can only react to what they know—the current magnitude

and time.and time.

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear is the first circuit-protection technologyEntellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear is the first circuit-protection technology

that overcomes this limitation. The Entellisys “Single-Processor Concept” basesthat overcomes this limitation. The Entellisys “Single-Processor Concept” bases

control of every circuit breaker in the switchgear upon what is best for thecontrol of every circuit breaker in the switchgear upon what is best for the

entire system under the exact conditions in the system at that moment. Eachentire system under the exact conditions in the system at that moment. Each

trip function is no longer limited to the current information available at itstrip function is no longer limited to the current information available at its

particular circuit. With Entellisys, each circuit breaker is controlled with fullparticular circuit. With Entellisys, each circuit breaker is controlled with full

information about every current, voltage, and circuit breaker in the switchgear.information about every current, voltage, and circuit breaker in the switchgear.

Entellisys is the first system to provide the power of knowledge about theEntellisys is the first system to provide the power of knowledge about the

entirentir

switcswitc

hgear linhgear lin

eup.eup.

This poThis po

wer can be uwer can be u

sed by the ensed by the en

gineer to gineer to

improimpro

veve

protection, by the installing contractor to shorten installation time, by theprotection, by the installing contractor to shorten installation time, by the

maintenance mmaintenance m

anager to saveanager to save

maintenance comaintenance co

sts, and by the owner to adaptsts, and by the owner to adapt

the equipment to the dynamic needs of the facility. Entellisys helps to reducethe equipment to the dynamic needs of the facility. Entellisys helps to reduce

costs, shorten schedules, and increase reliability throughout the processcosts, shorten schedules, and increase reliability throughout the process

of designing, installing, maintaining, and owning your low-voltage powerof designing, installing, maintaining, and owning your low-voltage power

distribution distribution

switchgearswitchgear

This application guide will introduce you to the power of Entellisys and how itThis application guide will introduce you to the power of Entellisys and how it

can help you can help you

to deliver elto deliver el

ectrical power within ectrical power within

your facility moryour facility mor

reliably thanreliably than

ever possible before.ever possible before.

Welcome to the world of Entellisys.Welcome to the world of Entellisys.

Notes

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear

Section 2. General Description

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear provides

protection, control, and monitoring in a flexible

package that will change the way you think about

switchgear

. All of

this capability is

integrated into

industrial-duty equipment built to ANSI standards

and uses 100% rated EntelliGuard low-voltage

power circuit breakers. Entellisys low-voltage

switchgear is built upon the same design as the

rugged AKD architecture, with almost 60 years of

proven reliability. The Entellisys equipment design

is based on the AKD-10 structure. EntelliGuard

low-voltage power circuit breakers are an extension

of the robust WavePro

™

design, with years of

experience in all types of switchgear environments.

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear is available with

the following maximum nominal ratings:

•

600

vol

ts a

•

500

0 am

ps a

•

0 H

•

200 kA symmetric

al short circuit inte

rruptin

Entellisys switchgear is designed to have more margin

within its ratings to provide maximum continuity

of service for those applications subject to severe

duty, such as process industries, data centers,

healthcare

facilities, and

power systems

requiring

continuous operation. It is designed to be operated

in an ambient temperature between -30°C and 40°C

and is available in indoor construction. The bus

sizing is

based on temperatur

rise rather than

current density

(as with

switchboard

construction).

EntelliGuard low-voltage power circuit breakers are

available for Entellisys switchgear in six frame sizes:

800A, 1600A, 2000A, 3200A, 4000A and 5000A.

All cir

cuit breakers

can be equipped

with current

limiting fuses. The 800A and 1600A frames are

provided with integrally mounted fuses, while a

separate fuse carriage is required for 2000A through

5000A type breakers.

Entellisys switchgear houses low-voltage power

circuit breakers and the Entellisys system compo-

nents in single or multiple source configurations.

Entellisys switchgear can be applied either as a

power distribution unit or as part of a unit substation.

Entellisys switchgear is manufactured in GE’s ISO

9001

certified facili

ty in Burlington, Iowa. It compl

ies

with ANSI standards C37.20.1 and NEMA SG-5, and

is UL Listed to standard 1558, file no. E76012. The

switchgear has been

conformance tested according

to ANSI C37.51. Entellisys switchgear also meets

the requirements for the CSA label. Entellisys

equipment has been tested and meets the IBC-

2003 requirements.

ANSI standards require that switchgear operates

at the ratings of devices installed. Switchgear

short circuit ratings are based on two 30-cycle

withstand tests with a 15-second interval between

tests, performed at 15% power factor and 635v

AC maximum.

GE’s Entellisys low-voltage switchgear can help you

meet today’s challenges for greater productivity,

increased operator safety, and

improved equipment

reliability and maintainability.

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear offers:

•

Safety – Human int

erface loc

ated away fr

the equipment for monitoring, control, and

remote racking. Advanced zone protection

provides fast fault identification while providing

selectivity. Reduced Energy Let Through mode

lowers

the potent

ial arc flash ener

gy when

someone is going to be near the equipment.

•

Reliability –

Redundant systems,

selective pro-

tection, and predictive maintenance data aids in

maximizing uptime and minimizing downtime.

•

Flexibility –

Add or

change system f

unctionality

with no hardware changes, making it easy to keep

the equipment up to date to meet changing needs.

The Entellisys architecture enables the system to

provide these unique advantages.

Notes

Section 3. System Architecture

All remote communications takes place at the HMI

level and has no impact on the performance of the

closed internal communications level between the

EntelliGuard Messengers and the central processing

units. No external communications are permitted

to take place with the CPUs, thereby insuring the

security of the operating system.

The physical connection for remote communication

is at the system interface Ethernet switch between

the CPUs and the HMI. Additional ports on this 8-

port switch allow up to five external connections

using CAT5 cable. An optional 9-port hub is available

to allow external communication via fiber optic

cable. Up to four local HMIs can be connected to

the system interface Ethernet switch, and a LAN

connection can support multiple remote HMIs. A

local HMI can block out other HMIs (local or

remote) from controlling the circuit breakers in the

switchgear

. This provides secure

control for the

breakers during any maintenance operations.

Connections to remote HMIs on a LAN can be

through a VPN (virtual private network) firewall

device. The VPN only allows pre-defined remote IP

addresses to

have

access to

the system, f

urther

enhancing the security of Entellisys.

Entellisys can also be interfaced with external

monitoring and control systems via remote com-

munications. Entellisys communicates with external

systems via Modbus

TCP

protocol, providing

an open,

common language for interfacing with SCADA,

building automation, and process systems.

Discrete I/O

Entellisys can interface with external monitoring

and control systems in several ways. The most

conventional means is by way of Discrete inputs

and outputs. Up to 128 I/O points can be defined

for use in monitoring and control systems. Discrete

I/O can be provided in non-redundant or redundant

configurations. Discrete I/O is designed to accept

and provide dry contact operations. A more detailed

discussion of Discrete I/O occurs in Section 10.

Expansion Capabilities

Entellisys switchgear is designed to be easily

modified or expanded to handle change in or

increased loading.

Metering functions, system-wide waveform capture

and most protection can be easily changed with

software upgrades to the CPUs, requiring no

additional hardware. Consequently it is possible to

add features to one CPU while the other one is

operating, and then update the second CPU

when the upgraded CPU is returned to operating

mode. This capability is useful for the life of the

equipment, from the design, through manufactur-

ing, to start-up and operation. Entellisys makes it

easy to keep the equipment up to date with ever-

changing needs.

It is very common to specify “fully equipped future

breaker” cubicles when ordering a substation or

line-up. The fully equipped future breaker cubicle

contains line and load side primary disconnects,

drawout rails, and a cutout in the cubicle door.

Curre

nt sens

ors

are

locat

ed in t

he com

partment

and a Messenger is placed above the breaker

compartment. Adding a new feeder can then be

as simple as removing a cover from the cubicle

door and installing the breaker as well as inputting

the circuit breaker protection settings and data

into the CPUs via the HMI.

Standard bus configurations used in Entellisys

have

provisions

for future

bus extension

built in.

Shoul

d the s

witch

gear hav

no fu

ture

break

compartments, additional vertical sections can be

mechanically and electrically connected to the

Entellisys line-up without modifications or the use

of transition sections.

Conclusion

These are the building blocks of an Entellisys low-

voltage switchgear

lineup.

The Entellisys

architecture

enables new

powerful protec

tion, monitoring,

and

control capability in a flexible system that can be

update

d over the life

time of the equi

pment.

These

capabilities and application improvements are

discussed in more detail in the following sections.

Notes

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear

Section 4. Minimizing Potential Exposure to Arc Flash Energy

This section addresses the ownership and operation

Entellisys l

ow-voltage swi

tchgear for

maximum

reliability and minimal arc flash risk.

Low-voltage switchgear can be expected to have

long life

within the

facility’s electrical

power

distribution system. It can reasonably be expected

that, during that time, the equipment will need to

be operated and maintained, even modified and

expanded. Entellisys provides significant advantages

over more traditional technology for owning, operat-

ing

and maintaining

the equipment. This section

describes some of Entellisys’s inherent capabilities

and how to use them to improve the ownership

experience. The specific capabilities include:

•

Complete contr

ol, monitori

ng, setting capabil

ity and

performing routine Entellisys system maintenance

from a remote location, reducing the need to

have

person

nel

near

live

elect

rical

equipm

ent.

•

Remote racking device to

allow racking in

or out

of circuit breakers by operators well outside the

flash protection boundary

Operat

or s

afety

increased by eliminating the need to stand near

the gear while racking circuit breakers into or

out

from

a liv

e bus.

•

Fully selective fast

protection to

lower arc-flash

energy in case of an arcing fault within the

equipment.

The prote

ction is

fast enough

to lower

PPE requirements and decrease the arc flash

protection boundary while maintaining complete

system selectivity.

•

Reduced Energy Let Thr

ough (REL

T) mode enables

an operator to easily change the circuit breaker

settings to more sensitive levels, potentially

reducing the h

azard

risk catego

ry, prior to worki

near the equipment.

•

famil

y of fused ci

rcuit br

eakers pr

ovide c

urrent

limiting fuse performance across all circuit breaker

frame sizes. Full current-limiting performance for

all circuit breaker sizes provides optimum protection

at high-fault values.

•

Fully insulated

and isolated

bus to m

inimize

potential bus faults. Minimizing live conductive

surfaces reduces the probability of internal

equipment faults due to contamination or

mechanical damage.

•

Fully compartmentalized

circuit

breakers to

min-

imize arc fault transmission within the equipment.

Grounded separation panels between circuit

breakers and barriers between the front breaker

cubicles and the rear bus and cable compartments

minimizes the probab

ility of

trans

miss

ion

arci

ng fault f

rom on

e equip

ment

area

another.

•

Circuit breakers

use monitoring

to drive

need/

use-based maintenance scheduling versus periodic

time-based maintenance.

•

Self diagnostic

features provide

notification that

devic

e needs to be evalu

ated or chan

ged.

•

Flexible system

design easily

accommodates

added or changed functionality. Entellisys makes

it easy to modify installed equipment as the load

requirements change.

Below are general descriptions of how Entellisys

low-voltage switchgear provides more efficient and

safer operation and maintenance of your electrical

equipment. The specifics of some of the capabilities

are covered in other sections of this publication.

Remote Control, Monitoring, and Metering

The Entellisys system architecture makes remote

monitoring and control easy. The user interface to

the system is typically via a touchscreen Human

Machine Interface (HMI).

The Entellisys touchscreen (HMI) may be mounted

directly on the switchgear lineup and/or as a Near

Gear HMI either in a freestanding equipment stack or

wall mounted box. Another option is

the Entellisys Near

Gear Control stack where the HMI, CPUs and UPSs

are located. The Near Gear modules may be locat-

ed up to 300 cable feet away from the equipment.

The HMI software can also be loaded on a remote

computer connected to a local- or wide-area net-

work, providing additional remote access to the

equipment for monitoring or control.

All control and protection settings (other than

long-time pickup)

are

made via the

HMI software.

All metering, status monitoring, event monitoring,

and even waveform data can be viewed through

the HMI. Furthermore, to confirm that the circuit

breaker being viewed in the HMI

screen is the same

one being checked in the physical equipment , the

Entellisys Messenger includes a blue LED light that

can be switched on

from the HMI software

to verify

circuit breaker location. Keep in mind that the pro-

tection, metering and control is provided by the

redund

ant CP

Us and

is in

depende

of the

HMI.

Flash protection boundary as defined in Article 130 of NFPA 70E, “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.” The distance at which the

incident energy equals 5 J/cm

(1.2cal. cm

)

for situations where clearing time is

longer that 0.1 seconds or 6.24 J/cm

(1.5cal/ cm

)

where

fault

clearing time is 0.1 seconds or faster.

2121

Section 5. EntelliGuard BreakerSection 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

normally open and one normally closed contact.normally open and one normally closed contact.

The position switch is used to indicate the drawoutThe position switch is used to indicate the drawout

position of the position of the

breakerbreaker

, and , and

the switch contactsthe switch contacts

change state when the breaker is moved betweenchange state when the breaker is moved between

the CONNECT and the TEST positions. The twothe CONNECT and the TEST positions. The two

contacts on the position switch are wired to thecontacts on the position switch are wired to the

Messenger in the breaker cubicle and provideMessenger in the breaker cubicle and provide

breakbreak

er draer dra

woutwout

position indication on the position indication on the

BreakerBreaker

Status screen at the HMI. They can also be used inStatus screen at the HMI. They can also be used in

any Flex Logic control scheme.any Flex Logic control scheme.

Spring Charge Indicator SwitchSpring Charge Indicator Switch

The spring charge indicator switch is provided onThe spring charge indicator switch is provided on

all electrically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakersall electrically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakers

and is wired to the Messenger. This contact providesand is wired to the Messenger. This contact provides

status of the circuit breaker closing springs on thestatus of the circuit breaker closing springs on the

Breaker Status screen at the HMI and can also beBreaker Status screen at the HMI and can also be

used in Flex Logic control schemes.used in Flex Logic control schemes.

Remote Close Accessory with One-ShotRemote Close Accessory with One-Shot

Electronic Close CircuitElectronic Close Circuit

The remote close accessory is an electricallyThe remote close accessory is an electrically

operated solenoid which, when energized throughoperated solenoid which, when energized through

the HMI or a Flex Logic control scheme, closes thethe HMI or a Flex Logic control scheme, closes the

EntelliGuard circuit breakerEntelliGuard circuit breaker

. The . The

remote closeremote close

accessoryaccessory

consists oconsists o

f the f the

“one-shot” electr“one-shot” electr

oniconic

close circuit, with built-in anti-pump feature, andclose circuit, with built-in anti-pump feature, and

the closing solenoid. The remote close accessorythe closing solenoid. The remote close accessory

is continuously rated and operates as follows.is continuously rated and operates as follows.

Applying control voltage to the close circuit throughApplying control voltage to the close circuit through

the Messenger produces a 250ms pulse to thethe Messenger produces a 250ms pulse to the

closing coil which, in turn, releases the energy storedclosing coil which, in turn, releases the energy stored

in the closing springs. The anti-pump feature preventsin the closing springs. The anti-pump feature prevents

the breaker from repeatedly closing if the closethe breaker from repeatedly closing if the close

signal is maintained. The Messenger provides asignal is maintained. The Messenger provides a

momenmomen

tarytary

close signclose sign

al (1⁄2 second duratial (1⁄2 second durati

on)on)

whenever the HMI or Flex Logic issues a closewhenever the HMI or Flex Logic issues a close

command. Reset time for the anti-pump circuit iscommand. Reset time for the anti-pump circuit is

approximately 2.5 seconds.approximately 2.5 seconds.

Secondary DisconnectSecondary Disconnect

All EntelliGuard breakers are furnished in drawoutAll EntelliGuard breakers are furnished in drawout

constructioconstructio

n. The interface between the n. The interface between the

breaker andbreaker and

the Entellisys system occurs through a rugged,the Entellisys system occurs through a rugged,

36-po36-po

int secondaint seconda

ryry

discodisco

nnect mountennect mounte

d on d on

thethe

top of the circuit breaker. The secondary disconnecttop of the circuit breaker. The secondary disconnect

is engaged when the breaker is in the CONNECT andis engaged when the breaker is in the CONNECT and

TEST positions and is disengaged when the breakerTEST positions and is disengaged when the breaker

is in the DISCONNECT position. A feedback mecha-is in the DISCONNECT position. A feedback mecha-

nism is provided on the secondary disconnect tonism is provided on the secondary disconnect to

confirm to Entellisys that the secondary disconnectconfirm to Entellisys that the secondary disconnect

is properly engaged. Status of the secondaryis properly engaged. Status of the secondary

disconnect (Connected or Disconnected) is showndisconnect (Connected or Disconnected) is shown

on the Breaker Status screen at the HMI.on the Breaker Status screen at the HMI.

Shunt TripShunt Trip

The shunt trip allows remote electrical opening ofThe shunt trip allows remote electrical opening of

the EntelliGuard circuit breaker through the HMIthe EntelliGuard circuit breaker through the HMI

and Flex Logic. The shunt trip is supplied on alland Flex Logic. The shunt trip is supplied on all

electrically operated breakers and is not availableelectrically operated breakers and is not available

on manually operated breakers. The shunt trip coilon manually operated breakers. The shunt trip coil

is rated for intermittent duty and is supplied withis rated for intermittent duty and is supplied with

an auxiliary switch contact that automaticallyan auxiliary switch contact that automatically

removes control power from the coil when theremoves control power from the coil when the

breaker opens.breaker opens.

Spring Charging MotorSpring Charging Motor

The spring charging motor is supplied on all elec-The spring charging motor is supplied on all elec-

trically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakers. Thetrically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakers. The

breaker clobreaker clo

sing springs sing springs

areare

charged automaticalcharged automatical

lyly

when control voltage is when control voltage is

applied to the applied to the

breakerbreaker

. This. This

typically occurs when the breaker is racked in totypically occurs when the breaker is racked in to

the cubicle the cubicle

and the and the

secondarysecondary

disconnect engages.disconnect engages.

When the breaker closing springs are fully charged,When the breaker closing springs are fully charged,

cutoff switch de-enercutoff switch de-ener

gizes the charging gizes the charging

motormotor

The closing springs will recharge automaticallyThe closing springs will recharge automatically

after a breaker closing operation. If control powerafter a breaker closing operation. If control power

is lost during the spring charging cycle, springis lost during the spring charging cycle, spring

charging can be completed using the integralcharging can be completed using the integral

manual pump handle.manual pump handle.

RatingsRatings

The EntelliGuardThe EntelliGuard

breaker is breaker is

available in available in

800, 1600,800, 1600,

2000, 3200, 4000, and 5000 amp frame sizes with2000, 3200, 4000, and 5000 amp frame sizes with

short circuit interrupting ratings from 30kA to 200kA.short circuit interrupting ratings from 30kA to 200kA.

The model number of the breaker indicates itsThe model number of the breaker indicates its

interrupting capacity (IC). EGS indicates “Standardinterrupting capacity (IC). EGS indicates “Standard

IC,”IC,”

EGH indiEGH indi

cates “Hicates “Hi

gh IC,gh IC,

””

EGX indEGX ind

icates “Eicates “E

xtendedxtended

IC,”IC,”

and EGF and EGF

indicates “Fused.indicates “Fused.

””

High IC High IC

and Exand Ex

tended tended

IC breaIC brea

kerskers

areare

used wused w

ithith

larger kVA substation transformers as well as inlarger kVA substation transformers as well as in

paralleling applications. Fused circuit breakers haveparalleling applications. Fused circuit breakers have

200kA IC rati200kA IC rati

ng for use in large netng for use in large net

work systwork syst

ems.ems.

Table 5.1 lists the interrupting capacities (IC) forTable 5.1 lists the interrupting capacities (IC) for

EntelliGuardEntelliGuard

breakers at breakers at

system osystem o

perating voltages.perating voltages.

Catalog NumbersCatalog Numbers

unique catalog unique catalog

number identifies number identifies

all Entellall Entell

iGuardiGuard

breakers. The catalog number contains informationbreakers. The catalog number contains information

on the breaker frame rating (continuous currenton the breaker frame rating (continuous current

and short circuit), the fuse rating (if equipped withand short circuit), the fuse rating (if equipped with

2222

Figure 5.2Figure 5.2

EntelliGuard Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Catalog NumbersEntelliGuard Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Catalog Numbers

1 N1 N

d d

UnusedUnused

Interrupting Capability / Fuse TypeInterrupting Capability / Fuse Type

StaSta

ndanda

rd (rd (

EGS)EGS)

AccessoryAccessory

h h

((

))

X X

= =

ExteExte

ndende

d d

(EGX(EGX

) )

BelBel

l l

AlaAla

rm rm

w/ w/

LocLoc

koukou

O O

N N

= =

k k

((

(Fuses for EGF-08 / 16)(Fuses for EGF-08 / 16)

Hidden ON Button) E/O onlyHidden ON Button) E/O only

300A C300A C

laslas

s J fuss J fus

350A C350A C

laslas

s J fuss J fus

400A C400A C

laslas

s J fuss J fus

OperationOperation

A A

s s

J J

A A

s s

J J

1 1

= =

y y

A A

s s

J J

((

C C

, ,

))

800A C800A C

laslas

s L fuss L fus

10001000

A ClaA Cla

ss L fuss L fu

sese

Frame SizeFrame Size

A A

s s

L L

A A

= =

A A

s s

L L

E E

= =

A A

s s

L L

M = 2M = 2

A A

s s

L L

e e

((

r r

))

K K

= =

800A 800A

Welder Welder

Limiter Limiter

M M

= =

4000A4000A

A A

r r

2000A 2000A

WeldeWelde

r Lr L

imiterimiter

Refer to Table 5.2 for allowable fuse, sensor, and trip ratings for EGF-08 / 16 breakersRefer to Table 5.2 for allowable fuse, sensor, and trip ratings for EGF-08 / 16 breakers

Table 5.1Table 5.1

EntelliGuard LVPCB Interrupting CapacityEntelliGuard LVPCB Interrupting Capacity

EGEG

S StaS Sta

ndnd

arar

d Intd Int

erer

ruru

ptpt

inin

EGEG

H HigH Hig

h Inth Int

erer

ruru

ptipti

ngng

EGEG

X X

ExtExt

enen

ded ded

InIn

terter

ruru

ptipti

ngng

EGEG

F F

FuFu

sese

(200kA IC, 600v max)(200kA IC, 600v max)

800 & 1600A 800 & 1600A

frame breakersframe breakers

areare

integrally fused. integrally fused.

Larger frame Larger frame

breakersbreakers

(2000 - 5000A) require a separate fuse roll-out for 200kA IC rating.(2000 - 5000A) require a separate fuse roll-out for 200kA IC rating.

Rated ACRated AC

Voltage,Voltage,

NominalNominal

(max)(max)

BreakerBreaker

TypeType

FrameFrame

SizeSize

(amps)(amps)

Short Circuit Interrupting Capacity,Short Circuit Interrupting Capacity,

RMS Symmetrical kARMS Symmetrical kA

Short-TimeShort-Time

WithstandWithstand

WithWith

Instantaneous TripInstantaneous Trip

WithoutWithout

Instantaneous TripInstantaneous Trip

600 (635)600 (635)

EGS-08EGS-08

800800

EGS-16EGS-16

16001600

EGS-32EGS-32

32003200

EGS-40EGS-40

40004000

EGS-50EGS-50

50005000

480 (508)480 (508)

EGS-08EGS-08

800800

EGS-16EGS-16

16001600

EGS-32EGS-32

32003200

EGS-40EGS-40

40004000

EGS-50EGS-50

50005000

240 (254)240 (254)

EGS-08EGS-08

800800

EGS-16EGS-16

16001600

EGS-32EGS-32

32003200

EGS-40EGS-40

40004000

EGS-50EGS-50

50005000

0 0

((

))

current limiting fuses), operation (manual current limiting fuses), operation (manual

or electrical),or electrical),

and accessories. Figure 5.2 provides the and accessories. Figure 5.2 provides the

developmentdevelopment

of EntelliGuard breaker catalog numbers.of EntelliGuard breaker catalog numbers.

Wiring DiagramWiring Diagram

Figure 5.3 shows the wiring for all standardFigure 5.3 shows the wiring for all standard

EntelliGuard circuit breakers. All breakers includeEntelliGuard circuit breakers. All breakers include

anan

auxilauxil

iary switciary switc

h and flux shift trip coil.h and flux shift trip coil.

Electrically operated breakers include springElectrically operated breakers include spring

charging motor, close coil with anti-pump circuit,charging motor, close coil with anti-pump circuit,

shunt trip, and remote charge indicator switch.shunt trip, and remote charge indicator switch.

Cooling fans are supplied only on 5000A EntelliGuardCooling fans are supplied only on 5000A EntelliGuard

breakers. Bell alarm with lockout is an option forbreakers. Bell alarm with lockout is an option for

both manually and electrically operate breakers.both manually and electrically operate breakers.

Network interlock is an option for electricallyNetwork interlock is an option for electrically

operated breakers only.operated breakers only.

Section 5. EntelliGuard BreakerSection 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

2323

Figure 5.3Figure 5.3

Wiring DiagramWiring Diagram

Section 5. EntelliGuard BreakerSection 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

Section 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

Table 5.2

Allowable Current Limiting Fuse Sizes for EntelliGuard Breakers

These fuse sizes are

also available as Welder Limiters.

Class L fuses less than 800A are not UL or CSA listed. Use Class J fuses for 600A

and below. The maximum fuse rating is the largest fuse that tests show will result

in proper performance of the breaker and fuse in combination under short-circuit

conditions. Only Ferraz-Shawmut fuses should be used for proper coordination.

Fuses are mounted in a separate roll-out element (fuses shipped as “XS” material).

Integrally fused 1600A frame breakers (EGF-16) equipped with 2500A fuses can be

furnished with

rating plugs

from 300

– 1600A.

Breakers

equipped with 2500A

fuses

cannot be modified to accept lower rated

fuses. EGF-16 breakers

equipped with

2000A and lower fuses cannot be upgraded to 2500A fuses. The maximum trip

rating for an EGF-16 breaker is 1200A when furnished with other than 2500A fuses

(see table for min/max fuse rating for each rating plug value). 2500A fuses preclude

the use of shutters

in the breaker

cubicle.

Breaker

Type

Frame

Size

Sensor

Rating

Messenger Current

Setting Switch

Ferraz-Shawmut Fuse Range

150A

400A

800A

Below 150A

300/350/400/450/500/600/

800*/1000*/1200*/1600*A

150A

225A

300A

400A

400/450/500/600/800*/1000*/

1200/1600*A

800A

1600A

400A and below

450/500/600/800*/1000*/1200/

1600*/2000*/2500A

500A

500/600/800*/1000*/1200/

1600*/2000*/2500A

600A

600/800*/1000*/1200/1600*/

2000*/2500A

700A

800*/1000*/1200/1600*/

2000*/2500A

800A

1000A

1000*/1200/1600*/2000*/2500A

1200A

1600*/2000*/2500A

1600A

2500A

EGS-20

EGS-32

EGS-40

2000/2500/3000/4000/5000A

EGS-50

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear

Section 6. EntelliGuard Messenger

The EntelliGuard Messenger (see Figure 6.1) is

located above each circuit breaker cubicle and

provides the interface between the CPUs and the

EntelliGuard circuit breaker. The Messenger provides

analog-to-digital conversion of the current signals

taken from the breaker cubicle-mounted current

sensors and of the voltage signals taken from

voltage transformers connected to the switchgear

bus. Any close, open, trip, or lockout commands

issued to the circuit breaker by the CPU are trans-

lated by the Messenger and result in signals to the

appropriate coils on the

circuit breaker

. Feedback

from the circuit breaker, confirming any operation,

sent back thr

ough the M

essenger to the

CPU.

An EntelliGuard Messenger is configured at the

factory with the appropriate breaker frame rating,

current sensor rating, and overcurrent trip charac-

teristics for each circuit breaker cubicle in the

switchgear line-up. The front panel of the Messenger

has two rotary switches for setting the trip rating of

the breaker installed in the associated cubicle. One

switch selects the current setting of the cubicle based

on the instal

led current s

ensors. This i

s similar

to the

selection of a rating plug for a traditional breaker

trip unit.

The other swi

tch selec

ts the long time

(overload) pick-up setting for the circuit (50-110%

of the current setting). Table 6.1 lists the available

current sensor values and associated current settings.

The Messenger has the following user-interface,

programming, and protection features.

Indicator LEDs

Front panel LEDs show the location and operating

status of the circuit breaker and the health of the

system electronics, and they aid in programming

the system.

•

Locator LED

Posi

tioned a

t the left end o

f the LED

array, the blue Locator LED is used for programming

the system and breaker control functions. When

preparing to set any of the breaker protective

functions, the Locator LED is set to flash for either

10 or 30 seconds and provides visual verification,

from t

he fro

nt of the sw

itch

gear

that

the intended

circuit is being correctly addressed. The Locator

LED can also be used in the same manner prior to

executing a breaker CLOSE, OPEN, or TRIP command

from the HMI. Entellisys also provides preventative

maintenance

information for

each ci

rcuit

breaker

based

on th

fault duty of the breaker

. The

Locator LED can be used to correctly identify a

circ

uit bre

aker wh

en using

the

preve

ntativ

maintenance screens on the HMI.

•

Communication LED

Two gr

een LED

s (labe

led

Com 1 and Com 2) provide status indication of

the two

commu

nicat

ion channe

ls to each

Messenger

. An illuminated

LED indicates the

communication wiring between the Messenger

and the CPU is intact and information is being

transmitted and received.

•

Power LED.

Two redundant sources of 120v AC

power each Messenger. The green Power LED

indicates the Messenger is receiving proper 120v

contr

ol power

•

Brea

ker

statu

s LED

Two

LED

s ind

ica

te ci

rcu

breaker OPEN / CLOSE status. The green LED

indicates the breaker is open. The red LED indicates

the breaker is closed. The red LED also monitors the

breaker shunt trip coil and its control power source.

Test Port

The Messenger is provided with a DB-type 25-pin

connector

, accessible from the

front panel, for

conne

ction to the Entel

lisys portab

le test kit.

Seven

analog signals representing three-phase voltages

and currents plus neutral current are injected

Figure 6.1

Entel

liGuar

Messen

ger

Section 6. EntelliGuard Messenger

directly into a Messenger’s A/D converter via the

Test Port connector. The test kit can change the

waveform characteristics of the sinusoidal signals

to test the different overcurrent and protective

relay functions for

each circuit breaker.

Sealable Cover

hinged

, clear Lexan cover is inst

alled ov

er the

LEDs, switches, and Test Port. The cover includes

provisions for wire seals so that the current setting

and long time pick-up selections can sealed to

meet the requirements of NEC for restricted

access to the trip setting adjustments.

Self-Powered Mode

The Messenger is normally powered from the

switchgear redundant control power buses with

dual UPS back-up. In this operating mode, the

Messenger passes digital signals of the

currents and

voltages to the dual CPUs and, in turn, receives and

executes instructions from the CPUs if the currents

and/or voltages require a breaker operation.

The Messenger provides overcurrent protection for

the circuit in the event all control power is lost

(loss of both control power sources and both

back-up UPSs) or both redundant communication

networks or redundant CPUs become unavailable.

The Messenger’s self-powered mode utilizes power

from the cubicle-mounted current sensors to

power its internal circuits. When running in self-

powered mode, the overcurrent protection curves

built in to the Messenger utilize the maximum

pick-up and delay settings for each applicable

overcurrent function (overload, short circuit, and

ground fault). Using the maximum pick-up and

delay settings insures the self-powered overcurrent

characteristics in the Messenger will not interfere

with the programmed settings running in the CPUs.

Compared to traditional low voltage circuit protection,

the self-powered mode is similar to having a

back-up integral trip unit on a circuit breaker that

is programmed with all overcurrent characteristics

set at their maximum values.

i-Button

factory

-pro

grammed memory device calle

the “i-Button” provides the unique protection

characteristics for each breaker cubicle in the

switchgear line-up. Characteristics include the

breaker frame size, the installed current sensor

rating, and the overcurrent characteristics for

the circuit. The i-Button programming determines

the upper and lower limits for the overcurrent

protection settings and the type of ground fault

protection (none, standard, or switchable).

The i-Button and holder are tethered to the breaker

cubicle and communicate with the Messenger via

slot in the side of the Messenger

. Now

, the unique

characteristics of a given circuit are captured in

the i-Button, which becomes a part of the breaker

cubi

cle a

nd th

ere

fore

part

of th

e con

nect

ed lo

ad.

The i-Button

– Messenger

– EntelliGuar

breaker

concept of Entellisys simplifies the task of determining

component interchangeability and the quantity and

type of spare parts

to have on hand.

All EntelliGuar

Messen

gers

are

identi

cal; ther

efore

, only one cata

log

number is requi

red for spare parts sto

cking.

All

EntelliGuard breakers for a given frame size and

function are identical, thus requiring fewer spare

breakers for the range of loads in a plant. Component

interchangeability and

reduced

spare

parts is

one

of the recognizable benefits of the Entellisys concept.

Table 6.1

Current Sensor Values and Associated Current Settings

Current Sensor

Rating (Amps)

Current Setting

(Amps)

Current Sensor

Rating (Amps)

Current Setting

(Amps)

Current Sensor

Rating (Amps)

Current Setting

(Amps)

Current Sensor

Rating (Amps)

Current Setting

(Amps)

150

800

300

2000

750

4000

1600

400

250

1600

600

3200

1200

5000

3200

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear

Section 7. Protection

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear offers a broad

array of familiar and expanded protection capabili-

ties. All modes of protection except high-resistance

ground-fault detection are available from every

CPU without additional hardware. If your Entellisys

equipment does not have the type of protection

enabled that your power distribution system needs

now, it can probably be easily added.

The Entellisys centralized single-processor system

provides backup protection at the individual circuit

breaker level. It offers overcurrent protection using

traditional inverse-time characteristics, plus single-

point relay protection, such as under- and

overvoltage protection. All of this protection is

provided by two CPUs, each providing redundant

back-up to the other at all times. In addition, more

redundant overcurrent protection is provided at the

individual circuit breaker level by the Messenger

associated with each circuit.

However

, the

Entellisys system offers much

than these traditional protection modes. Its ability

to simultaneously consider all the voltages, currents,

and circuit breaker conditions within the system

provides zone-based protection and optimization of

protective settings for a variety of situations. This

includes changes in the topology or number of

sources availab

le, changes in load

demand, and even

changes in factors external to the gear that are com-

municated via the Entellisys system’s Modbus over

TCP/IP

interface o

r Discrete

I/O capabi

lity.

The result is selective protection for a wide range

of fault values by delivering fast circuit interruption

when needed, while shutting down only those

circuits that absolutely must be shut down.

Maximum syst

em reliabili

ty, lower fault energ

let-

through, and lower arc flash energy can all be

achieved simultaneously. Minimum let-through

and minimum arc flash energy can be obtained

via quick settings when needed most.

This section describes the protective capabilities

provided by Entellisys. Further detail is provided

by various referenced GE publications that

describe specific functions in more detail. Setting

up and defining the exact protective levels you need

are described in the appropriate GE Entellisys

instruction book.

Traditional Overcurrent Protection

Broad range of settings

Each circuit breaker cubicle contains a set of current

transformers

(CTs) that

provide

the current

signals

for all overcurrent, relay, and metering functions.

The Entellisys system needs no additional CTs. For

circuit breaker frames rated at 2000 amperes and

above, the CTs are sized to the circuit breaker frame.

Smaller frames may have one of several CTs

as listed in Table 7.1. All protective settings for

each circuit breaker depend on the CTs in the

corresponding cubicle.

The long-time pickup for each circuit breaker is set

at the Mess

enger abo

ve each

circuit breaker

. The

rest of the protective settings for each circuit

reside in software at

each of the

redun

dant

Entel

lisys syste

m central processo

r units

(CPUs).

The settings may be adjusted via the human-

machine interface (HMI) for the system. The

exception to this is the instantaneous trip setting

Table 7.1

Current Sensors and Current Switch Settings Available for

Each CB Frame

Rating switch and CT rating is set at the Messenger.

800

1600

, 3

3535

Section 7. ProtectionSection 7. Protection

current sensors are required; Entellisys uses thecurrent sensors are required; Entellisys uses the

same current sensors that are provided in eachsame current sensors that are provided in each

breaker cubicle for overcurrent protection andbreaker cubicle for overcurrent protection and

metering functions. The current sensors used inmetering functions. The current sensors used in

Entellisys will permit accurate identification of theEntellisys will permit accurate identification of the

faulted circuit with as little as 1 ampere differencefaulted circuit with as little as 1 ampere difference

between the pulsed current and the ground currentbetween the pulsed current and the ground current

on an 800A frame feeder breaker. The pulsing sys-on an 800A frame feeder breaker. The pulsing sys-

tem can also be operated manually from the HMItem can also be operated manually from the HMI

to faclitate location of a ground fault in equipmentto faclitate location of a ground fault in equipment

downstream of the downstream of the

Entellisys switchgearEntellisys switchgear

Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI) - short time andZone Selective Interlocking (ZSI) - short time and

ground faultground fault

The Entellisys system provides a zone-selectiveThe Entellisys system provides a zone-selective

interlocking function similar to that offered in manyinterlocking function similar to that offered in many

electronic trip systems. electronic trip systems.

HoweverHowever

, the , the

Entellisys-Entellisys-

based ZSI system offers significant improvementsbased ZSI system offers significant improvements

overover

the traditional the traditional

method. Its method. Its

capabilities icapabilities i

ncludenclude

the following:the following:

••

Zone-sZone-s

electelect

iveive

interinter

lockilocki

ng for up tng for up t

o four zoo four zo

nesnes

or levels.or levels.

••

ContrContr

ol of trippiol of trippi

ng with time bandng with time band

s as fast ass as fast as

1.5 cycles.1.5 cycles.

••

Full functionality Full functionality

with no with no

extra wiring oextra wiring o

r devices.r devices.

••

OperatiOperati

on at any programmeon at any programme

d delay for faultsd delay for faults

within a zone of protection.within a zone of protection.

••

Changing ZSI circuit Changing ZSI circuit

breaker relationsbreaker relations

hips (tiers)hips (tiers)

depending on which mains and ties are closed.depending on which mains and ties are closed.

••

Delay increments of Delay increments of

100 ms per level 100 ms per level

to achieveto achieve

selectivity and maintain good backup protection.selectivity and maintain good backup protection.

The zones for ground-fault protection are the sameThe zones for ground-fault protection are the same

asas

those for those for

multi-source multi-source

grounding prgrounding pr

otection.otection.

Within each zone and for each different topology,Within each zone and for each different topology,

the circuit breakers are divided into tiers. Each tierthe circuit breakers are divided into tiers. Each tier

represents the time-delay hierarchy required torepresents the time-delay hierarchy required to

achieveachieve

optimum protecoptimum protec

tion and tion and

selectivity. Eacselectivity. Eac

circuit breaker may be assigned to one of four tierscircuit breaker may be assigned to one of four tiers

within a zone. The top tier is always labeled tier 0.within a zone. The top tier is always labeled tier 0.

Next is tier 1, then tier 2, with the last and lowestNext is tier 1, then tier 2, with the last and lowest

defined as tier 3. Hence, in a simple radial two-tierdefined as tier 3. Hence, in a simple radial two-tier

system, the feeders are labeled tier 1 and the mainsystem, the feeders are labeled tier 1 and the main

is tier 0.is tier 0.

For substations that are operated with the tieFor substations that are operated with the tie

normally-open, the tie and the mains could be setnormally-open, the tie and the mains could be set

atat

tier 0. This witier 0. This wi

ll allow the ll allow the

tie and the mains tie and the mains

toto

operate at minimum (or set) delay for a fault in theiroperate at minimum (or set) delay for a fault in their

zone of protection or feeder set delay plus 100mszone of protection or feeder set delay plus 100ms

if the fault is below a feeder. If the substation is runif the fault is below a feeder. If the substation is run

from one transformer with the tie closed it may befrom one transformer with the tie closed it may be

preferable to set the tie at tier 1 and the mains atpreferable to set the tie at tier 1 and the mains at

tier 0 to achieve tie to main selectivity.tier 0 to achieve tie to main selectivity.

How short-time ZSI worksHow short-time ZSI works

In the Entellisys ZSI model, the highest-level mainIn the Entellisys ZSI model, the highest-level main

circuit breaker is labeled tier 0. So in a simple double-circuit breaker is labeled tier 0. So in a simple double-

ended substation, the mains are each tier 0, the tieended substation, the mains are each tier 0, the tie

is tier 1, and the feeders are all tier 2. In the followingis tier 1, and the feeders are all tier 2. In the following

explanation, the terms lower- or higher-numberedexplanation, the terms lower- or higher-numbered

tier indicate in which direction the action is intended.tier indicate in which direction the action is intended.

Whenever the CPU detects that a breaker in oneWhenever the CPU detects that a breaker in one

or more of the defined ZSI zones has gone into STor more of the defined ZSI zones has gone into ST

pickup, it performs the following actions:pickup, it performs the following actions:

1. Based on the tier to which the circuit breaker1. Based on the tier to which the circuit breaker

belongs, it sets the short-time delays for allbelongs, it sets the short-time delays for all

breakers with the next-lower tier number to thebreakers with the next-lower tier number to the

short-time delay time of the circuit breaker inshort-time delay time of the circuit breaker in

pickup plus 100ms. Thus a breaker with a tierpickup plus 100ms. Thus a breaker with a tier

number of 2 sets the short-time delays of thenumber of 2 sets the short-time delays of the

breakers with tier number 1. Note that a breaker,breakers with tier number 1. Note that a breaker,

for example a tie, can reside in multiple zones.for example a tie, can reside in multiple zones.

However unless a circuit breaker is detecting faultHowever unless a circuit breaker is detecting fault

current, it will not trip regardless of tier setting.current, it will not trip regardless of tier setting.

2. Each circuit breaker whose short-time delay2. Each circuit breaker whose short-time delay

setting was changed in step 1, sets the short-timesetting was changed in step 1, sets the short-time

delays for all delays for all

the breakersthe breakers

with the nextwith the next

-lower-lower

tier number to the new delay, plus 100ms. Fortier number to the new delay, plus 100ms. For

example; each tier 1 breaker whose short-timeexample; each tier 1 breaker whose short-time

delay was changed will, in turn, change thedelay was changed will, in turn, change the

short-time delay for tier 0 breakers in the sameshort-time delay for tier 0 breakers in the same

zone (or zones) by adding 100ms to its ownzone (or zones) by adding 100ms to its own

delay and making that the new tier 0 delay.delay and making that the new tier 0 delay.

3. Continue this process of changing the short-time3. Continue this process of changing the short-time

delay of bredelay of bre

akersakers

in the zone witin the zone wit

h the nexth the next

lower-tier number until tier 0 is reached. (Tier 0lower-tier number until tier 0 is reached. (Tier 0

breakers are typically mains.)breakers are typically mains.)

4. All modifi4. All modifi

ed short-time delays ed short-time delays

of the breakersof the breakers

inin

the zone are set to their original values, after allthe zone are set to their original values, after all

short-time elements cool off completely.short-time elements cool off completely.

It should be noted that the ZSI system never lowersIt should be noted that the ZSI system never lowers

the time delay of a circuit breaker, but only increasesthe time delay of a circuit breaker, but only increases

the delays of circuit breakers with lower tier numbersthe delays of circuit breakers with lower tier numbers

than the breaker for which the short-time faultthan the breaker for which the short-time fault

current was identified by the CPU within the samecurrent was identified by the CPU within the same

zone. The time delay of a circuit breaker is neverzone. The time delay of a circuit breaker is never

increased past a maximum time delay of 400ms.increased past a maximum time delay of 400ms.

How ground-fault ZSI worksHow ground-fault ZSI works

The algorithm for ground-fault protection is theThe algorithm for ground-fault protection is the

same as short-time ZSI, except for multi-sourcesame as short-time ZSI, except for multi-source

3636

grounded systems. A ground fault that sends agrounded systems. A ground fault that sends a

feeder below a MSGF zone into ground-fault timingfeeder below a MSGF zone into ground-fault timing

increments the delay of the MSGF zone by 100ms,increments the delay of the MSGF zone by 100ms,

which means all the circuit breakers feeding into thewhich means all the circuit breakers feeding into the

zone (mains and ties) are timed similarly. See thezone (mains and ties) are timed similarly. See the

description of multi-source ground-fault protectiondescription of multi-source ground-fault protection

for further details.for further details.

In a single-ground system with no ground-faultIn a single-ground system with no ground-fault

protection zones, the time delays are incrementedprotection zones, the time delays are incremented

by 100ms per tier above the tier in which the faultby 100ms per tier above the tier in which the fault

is sensed, in the same way as with short-time ZSI.is sensed, in the same way as with short-time ZSI.

Zone-based overcurrent protection or bus-differentialZone-based overcurrent protection or bus-differential

protection (87B)protection (87B)

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear can provideEntellisys low-voltage switchgear can provide

complete zone-based overcurrent protection (alsocomplete zone-based overcurrent protection (also

known as 87B protection in ANSI relay nomenclature).known as 87B protection in ANSI relay nomenclature).

The minimum setting for pickup is 20% of the CTThe minimum setting for pickup is 20% of the CT

rating of the largest circuit breaker in the zonerating of the largest circuit breaker in the zone

and the maximum setting is 22,000A. Any circuitand the maximum setting is 22,000A. Any circuit

breaker feeding into a protected zone may bebreaker feeding into a protected zone may be

tripped in as little as 25ms.tripped in as little as 25ms.

The complete Entellisys zone-based bus-protectionThe complete Entellisys zone-based bus-protection

system combines differential protection and zone-system combines differential protection and zone-

selectiveselective

interlocking to interlocking to

handle faults ohandle faults o

ver a widever a wide

range of magnitudes. This combination of tworange of magnitudes. This combination of two

different methods for detecting faults allowsdifferent methods for detecting faults allows

detection of small and large faults. Furthermore,detection of small and large faults. Furthermore,

it is not affected by CT saturation issues. Theit is not affected by CT saturation issues. The

differential-protection algorithm may be set to pickdifferential-protection algorithm may be set to pick

upup

as high as 22,00as high as 22,00

0 amperes or as lo0 amperes or as lo

w as 800Aw as 800A

in a zone with a 4000A main.in a zone with a 4000A main.

The algorithm is suspended if any one current inThe algorithm is suspended if any one current in

or out of the zone exceeds ten times the CT ratingor out of the zone exceeds ten times the CT rating

for that circuit for that circuit

breakerbreaker

Zone-selective interlockingZone-selective interlocking

then takes over protection of the zone and canthen takes over protection of the zone and can

provide equally fast detection and tripping. Hence,provide equally fast detection and tripping. Hence,

in a radial system substation with a 4000A main andin a radial system substation with a 4000A main and

several 800A feeders, faults up to 39,999 amperesseveral 800A feeders, faults up to 39,999 amperes

may be sensed by the bus-differential algorithm,may be sensed by the bus-differential algorithm,

while faults of 40,000 amperes and above arewhile faults of 40,000 amperes and above are

sensed by the short time and ZSI algorithms. Forsensed by the short time and ZSI algorithms. For

the smaller faults, the CPU trips the main circuitthe smaller faults, the CPU trips the main circuit

breaker at the set time delay for the bus-differentialbreaker at the set time delay for the bus-differential

zone, while for the larger faults the CPU trips thezone, while for the larger faults the CPU trips the

circuit breaker at a time delay set for the short-timecircuit breaker at a time delay set for the short-time

function of that main circuit breaker. Both of thesefunction of that main circuit breaker. Both of these

time bands may be as short as 25ms. In the casetime bands may be as short as 25ms. In the case

of a through fault in one of the 800A feeders, theof a through fault in one of the 800A feeders, the

bus-differential algorithm senses faults as high asbus-differential algorithm senses faults as high as

7999A and keeps the main from tripping. For faults7999A and keeps the main from tripping. For faults

of 8000A and above, the CPU adds a delay to theof 8000A and above, the CPU adds a delay to the

main circuit breaker per the tier assignments formain circuit breaker per the tier assignments for

the zone and trips the feeder circuit breaker at itsthe zone and trips the feeder circuit breaker at its

set time delay, which may be as little as 25ms.set time delay, which may be as little as 25ms.

Zone-based bus protection provides optimal pro-Zone-based bus protection provides optimal pro-

tection with no sacrifice in selectivity. GE’s uniquetection with no sacrifice in selectivity. GE’s unique

method uses a method uses a

straightforwarstraightforwar

d differential algorithmd differential algorithm

in combination with the Entellisys zone-selectivein combination with the Entellisys zone-selective

interlocking to provide complete bus protection forinterlocking to provide complete bus protection for

faults from below rated current into a zone to thefaults from below rated current into a zone to the

full short circuit rating of the equipment, with nofull short circuit rating of the equipment, with no

concerns over CT saturation. Faults may be detectedconcerns over CT saturation. Faults may be detected

and circuit breakers tripped as fast as 25ms. Inand circuit breakers tripped as fast as 25ms. In

addition, the Entellisys zone-protection system isaddition, the Entellisys zone-protection system is

able to definable to defin

e backup bree backup bre

akersakers

to be tripped into be tripped in

case the first circuit breakers do not clear the faultcase the first circuit breakers do not clear the fault

and alarm levels that may be used if tripping forand alarm levels that may be used if tripping for

low-level faults is not desired.low-level faults is not desired.

How bus-differential protection worksHow bus-differential protection works

The Entellisys bus-differential algorithm is based onThe Entellisys bus-differential algorithm is based on

zones defined via the HMI. All the circuit breakerszones defined via the HMI. All the circuit breakers

connected to each zone should be identified.connected to each zone should be identified.

The folThe fol

lowinlowin

g settig setti

ngs arengs are

made at tmade at t

he factohe facto

ryry

forfor

each zone:each zone:

••

Zone definition Zone definition

and member and member

circuit circuit

breakerbreaker

identificationidentification

••

Current flow diCurrent flow di

rection for rection for

each circuit each circuit

breakerbreaker

••

PrimaPrima

ry breakerry breaker

s to be tripped for an in-zs to be tripped for an in-z

oneone

fault (pfault (p

rimaryrimary

trip tartrip tar

get)get)

••

Backup brBackup br

eakers to be trieakers to be tri

pped for an in-zpped for an in-z

oneone

fault (secondary trip targets)fault (secondary trip targets)

These settings These settings

areare

recorded recorded

and fixed when and fixed when

thethe

CPU is powered. If the settings are changed via theCPU is powered. If the settings are changed via the

HMI, the CPU must be rebooted. If invalid settingsHMI, the CPU must be rebooted. If invalid settings

are detected, the CPU deactivates the 87B functionare detected, the CPU deactivates the 87B function

and records an event.and records an event.

Each bus-differential function has several settingsEach bus-differential function has several settings

that may be individually user selected for eachthat may be individually user selected for each

zone and each topology:zone and each topology:

1.1.

SelSel

ect ect

the the

TRIP TRIP

or Oor O

PEN PEN

gloglo

bal bal

setset

tintin

g fog fo

protection settings to choose whether protectiveprotection settings to choose whether protective

functions will trip (includes lockout) or openfunctions will trip (includes lockout) or open

(excludes lockout) the target circuit breakers.(excludes lockout) the target circuit breakers.

Section 7. ProtectionSection 7. Protection

3737

Section 7. ProtectionSection 7. Protection

2. 2.

Enable oEnable o

r dir di

sable sable

for TRIP for TRIP

or or

OPEN OPEN

to to

enableenable

or disable the protection action selected inor disable the protection action selected in

setting 1 for each pick or delay combination.setting 1 for each pick or delay combination.

3. 3.

Pickup Pickup

1 1

for TRIP for TRIP

or or

OPEN OPEN

sets sets

the thrthe thr

esholdeshold

for the first target circuit breakers.for the first target circuit breakers.

4. 4.

Delay Delay

1 for 1 for

TRIP or TRIP or

OPEN OPEN

sets sets

the time the time

delaydelay

for the first target circuit breakers.for the first target circuit breakers.

5. 5.

Pickup Pickup

2 2

for TRIP for TRIP

or or

OPEN OPEN

sets sets

the thrthe thr

esholdeshold

for the second target circuit breakers.for the second target circuit breakers.

6. 6.

Delay Delay

2 for 2 for

TRIP or TRIP or

OPEN OPEN

sets sets

the time the time

delaydelay

for the second target circuit breakers.for the second target circuit breakers.

7. 7.

Backup Backup

function function

enabled enabled

or or

disabled disabled

for for

TRIPTRIP

or OPEN for the second group of target circuitor OPEN for the second group of target circuit

breakers for backup of the first group.breakers for backup of the first group.

8. 8.

Backup Backup

time time

delta delta

enabled enabled

or or

disabled disabled

for for

TRIPTRIP

or OPEN for an additional time delay before theor OPEN for an additional time delay before the

backup group of circuit breakers is operated ifbackup group of circuit breakers is operated if

the fault current continues.the fault current continues.

9. 9.

Enable Enable

or dior di

sable sable

for alfor al

arm onlarm onl

y is y is

a gla gl

obalobal

command to enable or disable alarm settings.command to enable or disable alarm settings.

10.10.

PickPick

up 1 fup 1 f

or alor al

arm oarm o

nly.nly.

11.11.

Delay Delay

1 fo1 fo

r alr al

arm oarm o

nly.nly.

12.12.

PickPick

up 2 fup 2 f

or alor al

arm oarm o

nly.nly.

13.13.

Delay Delay

2 fo2 fo

r alr al

arm oarm o

nly.nly.

The available The available

delay settings aredelay settings are

the same as the same as

for thefor the

short-time and ground-fault bands. The minimumshort-time and ground-fault bands. The minimum

current pickup setting is 20% of the largest sensorscurrent pickup setting is 20% of the largest sensors

in the zone and the highest setting is 22,000 amperes.in the zone and the highest setting is 22,000 amperes.

Calculations for the 87B algorithmCalculations for the 87B algorithm

The Entellisys calculation algorithms operate on theThe Entellisys calculation algorithms operate on the

raw digitized data obtained from the current sensors.raw digitized data obtained from the current sensors.

Because of this, the mathematical operations areBecause of this, the mathematical operations are

performed on a single sample of data from eachperformed on a single sample of data from each

current used in the calculation. Since the currentcurrent used in the calculation. Since the current

data across data across

the system the system

areare

100% synchronized,100% synchronized,

the calculations need not take into account thethe calculations need not take into account the

phase angle between voltage and current, andphase angle between voltage and current, and

may be, strictly based, on the instantaneousmay be, strictly based, on the instantaneous

current magnitudes.current magnitudes.

During each half-power cycle the CPU calculatesDuring each half-power cycle the CPU calculates

the mean-squared residual current for each phasethe mean-squared residual current for each phase

of the M circuit breakers in the zone. An exampleof the M circuit breakers in the zone. An example

of the formula for phase A is:of the formula for phase A is:

ΙΙ

residual,Aresidual,A

Σ Σ

((

A,0,kA,0,k

±±

A,1,kA,1,k

±…±i±…±i

A,M-1,kA,M-1,k

))

wherewhere

ΙΙ

residual,Aresidual,A

is the residual current for phase A,is the residual current for phase A,

is the number of samples per half-cycle (64),is the number of samples per half-cycle (64),

isis

the number of circuit breakers in the zone carryingthe number of circuit breakers in the zone carrying

current in or out, and icurrent in or out, and i

A,0,kA,0,k

…i…i

A,M-1,kA,M-1,k

are theare the

th samplesth samples

of phase A circuit breakers 0 throughof phase A circuit breakers 0 through

–1. The–1. The

same calculation is performed by the CPU for allsame calculation is performed by the CPU for all

three phases simultaneously and adjustments forthree phases simultaneously and adjustments for

CT errors are performed for each phase and CT.CT errors are performed for each phase and CT.

The total residual current for the three-phase systemThe total residual current for the three-phase system

is calculated by selecting the maximum single-phaseis calculated by selecting the maximum single-phase

residual of the three residual currents. The subscriptresidual of the three residual currents. The subscript

adjustedadjusted

indicates that the residual currents haveindicates that the residual currents have

been adjusted for CT error:been adjusted for CT error:

ΙΙ

BDBD

((

ΙΙ

residual,A,adjusted,residual,A,adjusted,

ΙΙ

residual,B,adjusted,residual,B,adjusted,

ΙΙ

residual,C,adjustedresidual,C,adjusted

))

If the thresholds for time and magnitude areIf the thresholds for time and magnitude are

exceeded, a command to sound alarm 1, soundexceeded, a command to sound alarm 1, sound

alarm alarm

2 if it 2 if it

is set,is set,

trip thtrip th

e primae prima

ryry

targetarge

ts, andts, and

eventually trip the secondary targets is issued byeventually trip the secondary targets is issued by

the CPU,the CPU,

as requesas reques

ted by the user settingsted by the user settings

Each residual current is provided with a coolingEach residual current is provided with a cooling

algorithm to allow for the thermal characteristics ofalgorithm to allow for the thermal characteristics of

the buses and integrate intermittent faults over time.the buses and integrate intermittent faults over time.

Table 7.12Table 7.12

Available Relay Function SettingsAvailable Relay Function Settings

The undervoltage relay has the capability for a fixed or inverse time delay. The accuracy of the inverse time delay is ±4%.The undervoltage relay has the capability for a fixed or inverse time delay. The accuracy of the inverse time delay is ±4%.

Pickup may occur at no morePickup may occur at no more

than 10 Hz below the nominal system frequency and never below 45 Hz. The setting range on 5than 10 Hz below the nominal system frequency and never below 45 Hz. The setting range on 5

0 Hz systems is 45–50 Hz.0 Hz systems is 45–50 Hz.

Pickup may occur at no morPickup may occur at no mor

than 10 Hz abovethan 10 Hz above

the nominal system frequency, which is 70 Hz the nominal system frequency, which is 70 Hz

for 60 Hz systems and 60 Hz for 60 Hz systems and 60 Hz

for 50 Hz systems.for 50 Hz systems.

LTPU = long-time pickup setting. This relay is for alarm use only.LTPU = long-time pickup setting. This relay is for alarm use only.

e e

r Rr R

h Ch C

––

% %

––

0 0

, ,

1 1

50–70 H, 0.1 Hz50–70 H, 0.1 Hz

8-8-

5050

%, %,

1%1%

1010

–9–9

90 90

kW kW

10 10

kWkW

5050

–2–2

0000

% L% L

TPTP

U 5U 5

0–90 V0–90 V

0.5 V0.5 V

02 Hz,02 Hz,

0.1 Hz, 0–60 D, 1D0.1 Hz, 0–60 D, 1D

±±

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

imim

e de d

elel

ayay

0.0.

5–5–

6060

0 0

s, s,

0.0.

5 5

0.0.

5–5–

6060

0 s0 s

, 0, 0

.5 .5

––

0 0

, ,

5 5

––

0 0

, ,

5 5

––

0 0

, ,

5 5

––

0 0

, ,

5 5

––

5 5

, ,

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

1 1

±±

5 5

±±

p p

% %

g g

––

d d

x x

c c

ΝΝ

k=k=

N/2-1N/2-1

Voltage Protective Relays, High Current Alarm

The Entellisys protection system provides for the

following additional optional voltage-related

protective functions:

•

Overv

olt

age

•

Und

ervo

lta

•

Phas

e lo

•

Over

fre

quen

•

Und

erfr

equ

enc

•

Power

revers

•

Sync

h ch

eck

addition, the E

ntellisys system

provides for

optional high-current alarm function that may be

selected and set

for each circuit

breaker

Each relay function also has the following settings

associated with it:

•

Alarm-

only rel

ay activa

ted

•

Alarm-

only re

lay pic

kup

•

Alarm-

only r

elay dro

p out

•

Trip/O

pen relay ac

tivat

•

Trip/O

pen rel

ay pick

•

Trip/O

pen rela

y drop ou

The Trip/Open selections are not available for the

high-current relay, which is intended only for

alarm or logic input use. All relay calculations are

performed at the CPU and not the Messengers.

Because many of the conditions identified by these

relays would not be cleared if the circuit breaker were

opened, the system is able to handle the situation

when a circuit breaker is re-closed and the condition

persists. The CPU monitors the open or not-open

status of a circuit breaker after the trip or open

command is issued. If after 180 cycles the circuit

breaker transitions to “not-open” status, and the

protective relay remains in pickup status, then the

trip/open command is reissued.

Many of the relays may be disabled via Flex Logic,

which allows a protective relay to be turned off by

control

sequence programmed

in the

CPU.

Table 7.12

provides a

summary

of the settings

available for each relay function. For a more

detailed explanation, see

the descriptions below.

Undervoltage relay

Undervoltage protection compares the sensed voltage

against a threshold. In wye systems, the rms

phase-to-neutral voltage is used, while in delta

system the rms phase-to-phase voltage is used. The

relay has the following capabilities and characteristics:

•

Fixed and i

nvers

e time curve

•

Expanded pickup

adjustment range fr

om 10

95% of nominal in 1% increments, which allows

the undervoltage relay function to be used for

residual voltage detection when assigned to bus

potential transformers

•

Delay se

tting range of 0.5 to 60

0 second

s in

increments of 0.5 seconds

•

Selection of sens

itivity to one, tw

o, or all

three

phases below the threshold

•

Relay dr

op out at 103% of the set pick

up level

•

Blocki

ng voltag

e enable settin

•

The undervol

tage funct

ion is disabl

ed if the voltage

drops below the blocking voltage

•

Ability to

work with multi

ple potential

transformers

in different topology configurations per topology

PT assignments

•

Picku

p accura

cy of ±2

If the fixed-ti

me curve

is select

ed, then the relay

function trips the selected circuit breaker or activates

the alarm if the monitored voltage is less than the

threshold for the specified time delay. The timing

accuracy is ±0.1 second.

The inverse-time

curve

relates the

selected time

delay to the voltage under the pickup threshold as:

(

1-V/V

pickup

)

where

is the operating time,

is the delay setting,

is the sensed voltage, and

pickup

is the pickup voltage.

Once the overvoltage threshold has been exceeded

and the relay starts timing, incrementing the count

will stop if the voltage reaches 100% of threshold

again and will start decrementing per the cooling

algorithm when the voltage reaches 103% of the

set threshold.

Overvoltage relay

The overvoltage relay function works like the

undervoltage relay, except that the thresholds are

voltages above the nominal system voltage and only

fixed time-delay

setting is

available. The

pickup

setting range is adjustable from 105% to 125% of

nominal in increments of 1%. The overvoltage

relay drops out of pickup when the sensed voltage

drops to 97% of the threshold setting. A cooling

function decrements

the accumulator.

Section 7. Protection

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