GW Instek GDM-8245 User manual

DUAL DISPLAY DIGITAL
MULTIMETER
MODEL: GDM-8245
User Manual
Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.
GW Part No. 82DM-82450MI
Declaration of Conformity
We
GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT CO., LTD.
No. 7-1, Jhongsing Rd, Tucheng City, Taipei County 236. Taiwan
GOOD WILLINSTRUMENT (SUZHOU) CO., LTD.
No.69 Lushan Road, Suzhou New District Jiangsu, China.
declares that the below mentioned product
GDM-8245
is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirements set out in the Council Directive
on the Approximation of the Law of Member States relating to Electromagnetic
Compatibility (89/336/EEC, 92/31/EEC, 93/68/EEC) and Low Voltage Equipment
Directive (73/23/EEC, 93/68/EEC).
For the evaluation regarding the Electromagnetic Compatibility and Low Voltage
Equipment Directive, the following standards were applied:
◎EMC
EN 61326-1: Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use ––
EMC requirements (1997+A1: 1998)
Conducted and Radiated Emissions
EN55011 Group II class B: 1998 Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000-4-2: 1995
Current Harmonic
EN 61000-3-2: 1995 Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-3: 1996
Voltage Fluctuation
EN 61000-3-3: 1995 Electrical Fast Transients EN 61000-4-4: 1995
------------------------- Surge Immunity
EN 61000-4-5: 1995
------------------------- Conducted Susceptibility
EN 61000-4-6: 1996
------------------------- Voltage Dips/ Interrupts
EN 61000-4-11: 1994
◎Safety
Low Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC & amended by 93/68/EEC
IEC/EN 61010-1: 2001
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
1. SAFETY SUMMARY……………………………………………… 1
2. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….. 5
3. SPECIFICATION………………………………………………….. 6
4. OPERATION INSTRUCTION……………………………………. 11
5. MEASUREMENT TUTORIAL…...………………………………. 14
6. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES......…………………………… 18
7. MAINTENANCE…………………………………………………... 22
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1.SAFETY SUMMARY
Please take a moment to review these safety terms and symbols
which may appear in this manual or on Equipment to prevent
damage to the instrument.
WARNING. Warning statements identify condition or
practices that could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or
practices that could result in damage to this product or
other property.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not
directly connected to MAINS.
Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits
directly connected to the low voltage installation.
Measurement category III is for measurements performed in the building
installation.
Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of
the low-voltage installation.
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DANGER High Voltage
ATTENTION refer to Manual
Protective Conductor Terminal
(ground) Earth Terminal
Frame or Chassis Terminal
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FOR UNITED KINGDOM ONLY
NOTE: This lead/appliance must only be wired by
competent persons
WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED
IMPORTANT: The wires in this lead are coloured in
accordance with the following code:
Green/ Yellow: Earth
Blue: Neutral
Brown: Live(Phase)
As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond
with the colours marking identified in your plug/appliance,
proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured Green & Yellow must be
connected to the Earth terminal marked with the letter E or by
the earth symbol or coloured Green or Green & Yellow.
The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the
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terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured Blue or
Black.
The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the
terminal marked with the letter L or P or coloured Brown or
Red.
If in doubt, consult the instructions provided with the
equipment or contact the supplier.
This cable/appliance should be protected by a suitably rated
and approved HBC mains fuse : refer to the rating
information on the equipment and/or user instructions for
details.As a guide, cable of 0.75mm²should be protected by
a 3A or 5A fuse. Larger conductors would normally require
13A types, depending on the connection method used.
Any moulded mains connector that requires removal
/replacement must be destroyed by removal of any fuse &
fuse carrier and disposed of immediately, as a plug with
bared wires is hazardous if a engaged in live socket. Any re-
wiring must be carried out in accordance with the information
detailed on this label.
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2. INTRODUCTION
This instrument is a portable, bench-type dual display digital
multimeter with a good-performance 50000 counts designed for general
purpose application. The dual display allows you to display two functions
of the input signal being measured.
Features
z50000 counts DMM
zMulti-function ACV, DCV, ACA, DCA, R, C , Hz, Continuity Beeper,
Diode Test, MAX/MIN, REL, HOLD, dBm
zDual display IndicateACV and Hz or DCV (ACV) and dBm
zManual or Autoranging
z0.03% DCV accuracy
z20Ahigh current range
z1000V high voltage range
zAC True RMS or AC+DC True RMS.
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3.SPECIFICATIONS
The specifications are operated under the essential conditions as follows:
zA 1-year calibration cycle.
zAn operating temperature of 18 to 28℃(64.4 to 82.4℉)
zRelative humidity not exceeding 75%
zAccuracy is expressed as ±(percentage of reading + digits).
zThe AC specification is based on the 50% of duty cycle.
1. DC VOLTAGE
RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY INPUT IMPEDANCE
500mV 10μV 10MΩ
5V 100μV11.1 MΩ
50V 1mV 10.1MΩ
500V 10mV
0.03%+4
10MΩ
1000V 100mV 0.03%+9 10MΩ
Input Impedance Approx. 10MΩin parallel with <100pF, all ranges.
Normal Mode Rejection Ratio >60dB at 60Hz or 50Hz.
Common Mode Rejection Ratio >90dB at 60Hz or 50Hz.
Common Mode Voltage (Max.) 500V dc or peak ac.
Maximum Input 450V dc or peak ac continuous on 500mV range.
1000V dc or peak ac continuous on other range.
dBm (ref 600Ω)63.80 dBm ~-97.7 dBm
When the input exceeds the full scale of the selected range, the display will appear
“—OL—“ of over-range indication.
2. TRUE RMSAC ORAC+DC VOLTAGE
Accuracy between 2% of range and full range.
RANGE 20Hz-
45Hz 45Hz- 1kHz 1kHz- 2kHz 2kHz- 10kHz 10kHz- 20kHz 20kHz- 50kHz
500mV 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+30 5%+30
5V 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+30 5%+30
50V 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+30 5%+30
500V 1%+15 0.5%+15 —————————
1000V 1%+15 0.5%+15 —————————
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RANGE RESOLUTION INPUT IMPEDANCE
500mV 10μV 10MΩ
5V 100μV 11.1 MΩ
50V 1mV 10.1MΩ
500V 10mV 10MΩ
1000V 100mV 10MΩ
Input Impedance Approx. 10MΩin parallel with < 100pF,all ranges.
Maximum Input 450V dc or peak ac continuous on 500mV range.
1000V rms on other range.
dBm ( ref 600Ω)63.8dBm ~ -97.7dBm
Crest Factor Range 3.0 at full scale.
When the input exceeds the full scale of the selected range, the display will appear
“—OL—“ of over-range indication.
3. FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT AT ACV RANGE
RANGE FREQUENCY INPUT LEVEL (SINE WAVE) ACCURACY
10Hz ~ 50kHz ≧120mV 0.05%+1500mV
50k ~ 150kHz ≧200mV 0.05%+1
5V 10Hz ~ 200kHz ≧1.2V 0.05%+1
50V 20Hz ~ 200kHz ≧1.2V 0.05%+1
500V 20Hz ~ 1kHz ≧12V 0.05%+1
AC+DC measurement does not support AC+Hz function.
Maximum Input 450V peak ac continuous on 500mV range.
500V peak ac continuous on the other range.
4. DC Current
RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY BURDEN VOLTAGE
500μA0.01μA 0.2%+2 0.7Vmax.
5mA 0.1μA 0.2%+2 0.7Vmax.
50mA 1μA 0.2%+2 0.7Vmax.
500mA 10μA0.2%+2 0.8Vmax.
2A 100μA0.3%+2 0.8Vmax.
20A 1mA 0.3%+2 0.9Vmax.
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Protection 500μA,5mA,50mA,500mA,2A 5 ranges fuse protection.
20A range no fuse,15 seconds max.
When the input exceeds the full scale of the selected range, the display will appea
r
“—OL—“ of over-range indication.
5. TRUE RMSAC ORAC+DC CURRENT
Accuracy Between 2% of range and full range.
RANGE 20Hz-45Hz 45Hz-2kHz 2kHz-10kHz 10kHz-20kHz
500μA 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+15
5mA 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+15
50mA 1%+15 0.5%+15 1%+15 2%+15
500mA 1%+15 0.5%+15 —————————
2A 1%+15 0.5%+15 —————————
20A 1%+15 0.5%+15 —————————
Protection 500μA,5mA,50mA,500mA,2A 5 ranges fuse protection.
20A range no fuse,15 seconds max.
Crest Factor Ran
g
e3.0 at full scale.
The burden voltage is the same as the DC current.
When the input exceeds the full scale of the selected range, the display will appea
r
“—OL—” of over-range indication.
6. FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT AT ACA RANGE
RANGE FREQUENCY INPUT LEVEL (SINE WAVE) ACCURACY
500μA10Hz ~ 20kHz ≧90μA0.05%+1
5mA 10Hz ~ 20kHz ≧0.9mA 0.05%+1
50mA 10Hz ~ 20kHz ≧9mA 0.05%+1
500mA 10Hz ~ 20kHz ≧ 90mA 0.05%+1
2A 10Hz ~ 2kHz ≧1A 0.05%+1
20A 10Hz ~ 2kHz ≧9A 0.05%+1
AC+DC measurement does not support AC+Hz function.
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7.RESISTANCE
RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY
500Ω0.01Ω0.1%+4
5kΩ0.1Ω0.1%+2
50kΩ1Ω0.1%+2
500kΩ10Ω0.1%+2
5MΩ100Ω0.2%+2
20MΩ1kΩ0.3%+2
Open-circuit Voltage 3.2 volts maximum on 500Ω, 1.3 volts maximum on all other
ranges.
Protection 450V dc or peak ac continuous.
8. CAPACITANCE
RANGE: RESOLUTION ACCURACY
5n * 0.001n ≧1nF: 2%+10
<1nF & ≧0.5nF: 2%+20
50n 0.01n ≧10nF: 2%+10
<10nF & ≧5nF: 2%+30
500n 0.1n 2%+4
5μ1n 2%+4
50μ10n 2%+4
*5n range tends to be interfered by the test lead’s impedance and position. For the
accuracy, please measure the range on the input terminal directly.
Protection 450V dc or peak ac continuous.
9. DIODE CHECK
Description Display read forward voltage of diode.
Open Voltage 3.1V approx.
Maximum Forward
Voltage 1.5V
Protection 450V dc or peak ac continuous.
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10. CONTINUITY BEEPER
Description Built in buzzer sounds if conductance is less than 5 ohm.
Open Voltage 3 volts maximum.
Protection 450V dc or peak ac continuous.
11. ENVIRONMENTAL
Operation
Environment
Indoor use, altitude up to 2000m.
Ambient Temperature 0℃to 50℃.
Relative Humidity 75% (Maximum).
Installation category II
Pollution Degree 2
Storage temperature -40℃to 70℃.
Relative Humidity Up to 75%, 0℃to 35℃, Up to 50%, 35℃to 50℃, except
the ranges of 2MΩand 20MΩwhich are up to 75% , 0℃
to 35℃.
12. GENERAL
Maximum Common
Mode Voltage 500V dc or peak ac ( low terminal potential with respect to power line ground ).
Warm Up 0.5 hours to achieve rated accuracy.
Power source AC 100V/120V/230V±15%, 50/60Hz, 8.0VA, 6.0W.
Accessories TestLead ×1
Instruction manual × 1
Dimension 251(W)×91(H)×291(D) m/m
Weigh Approx. 2.6 kg
WARNING：To avoid electrical shock, the power cord
protective grounding conductor must be connected to
ground.
CAUTION：To avoid damaging the instrument, do not use
it in a place where ambient temperature exceeds 50℃.
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4. OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS
4-1 Front panel and rear panel
The front panel, shown in Figure4-1, contains three main elements:
the input terminals, the primary and secondary displays, and the push
buttons.
The rear panel, shown in Figure 4-2, contains the AC power-line
connector, and fuse & line voltage selector, and input fuse holder.
4-2 The [SHIFT] key and function keys
[SHIFT] button is used to enable the secondary function of certain
function keys that with blue symbols printed above. The SHIFT LED
will be on after pressed the [SHIFT] button. At this time, only the
buttons with blue symbols are workable. To release SHIFT function,
press [SHIFT] again. For example, to select DCmV function, press
[SHIFT], then press [DCV] ([DCmV]).
4-3 Warm up
The instrument requires half-an-hour warm up to achieve rated
accuracy.
4-4 Over-range indication
An input is over-range if it exceeds the full scale of the selected range.
GDM-8245 indicates an input is over-range by lighting the “—OL—”
pattern on display.
4-5 No specification indication
On AC+Hz measured mode, when an input is less sensitivity, the
secondary display show “————”. When the frequency of an input
exceeds 51kHz, the primary display will show “————”.
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zFigure 4-1 Front Panel
zFigure 4-2 Rear Panel
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4-6 Input overload protection
The maximum allowable input is shown as table 4-1. Please proceed
the measurement accordingly.
Table 4-1:
FUNCTION RANGE MAXIMUN INPUT
DCV 5V~1000V 1000Vdc or peak ac
ACV (AC+DC) 5V~1000V 1000V rms continuous &
107V•Hz maximum
DCA,ACA(AC+DC) 500μA~2A fuse protected: 2A 250V
DC,AC20A(AC+DC) 20A no fuse protected
DC,ACmV (AC+DC) 500mV 450V dc or ac peak
OHM all ranges 450V dc or ac peak
CAPACITANCE all ranges 450V dc or ac peak
WARNING: To avoid shock hazard and/or instrument damage,
do not apply input potentials that exceed the input overload
limits shown in table 4-1.
4-7 Input connections to common
WARNING: To avoid shock hazard and/or instrument damage,
do not connect the common input terminal to any source of
more than 500 volts DC or peakAC above earth ground.
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5. MEASUREMENT TUTORIAL
5-1. Voltage measurements (DCV, ACV, DCmV, ACmV)
1).Press the button to select desired function.
2).Press [▲]or[▼]to the desired range (if you have no idea about the
value of input, we suggest you always start at the highest range).
Press [AUTO/MAN] button for manual or auto-ranging selection.
3).Connect the test lead to the V and COM input terminals of the
instrument.
4).Connect the test lead to the measuring points and read the displayed
value.
NOTE: After measuring high voltage to 1000V dc, errors may
occur when the 100μV is measured. Allow up to one minute
prior to making low-level measurements
5-2. Current measurements (DCA, DC 20A, ACA,AC 20A)
1).Press the button to select function.
2).Press [▲]or[▼]to the desired range.(if you have no idea about the
value of input. we suggest you always start at the highest
range).Press [AUTO/MAN] button to change manual or auto-
ranging.
3).Connect the test lead to the 2A or 20A and COM input terminals of
the instrument.
4).Connect the test lead to the measuring points and read the displayed
value.
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5-3. Resistance, capacitance, continuity beeper measurements
1).Press the button to select function.
2).Press [▲]or[▼]to the desired range. Press [AUTO/MAN] button to
change manual or auto-ranging.
3).Connect the test lead to the Ω, and COM input terminals of
the instrument.
4).Connect the test lead to the measuring points and read the displayed
value.
5-4. Diode test measurements
1).Press the button to select function.
2).Connect the test lead to the and COM input terminals of the
instrument.
3).Connect the test lead to the semiconductor junction (diode or
transistor) as shown in Figure 5-1,and read the displayed value.
zFigure 5-1
Connectto Connectto
“”“COM”
terminal. terminal
5-5. dBm measurements
This function converts a voltage measurement into dBm. The function
can be selected only when a voltage function (volts ac, volts dc, or
volts ac+dc) is selected. Press [dBm] button, the secondary display
shows the dBm value that reposed on the voltage value showed in the
primary display.
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For example, if [dBm] is pressed when measuring voltage in the max
mode, the maximum value is converted to dBm. To release the dBm
function, press [dBm] again. The dBm mode and AC+Hz mode are
not selected concurrently.
The standard reference impedance of the instrument is 600Ω.
5-6. AC+Hz measurements
The function can be selected only when ac range is selected. Press
[SHIFT], then press [AC+Hz], the secondary display shows the
frequency of the input signal that is higher than the sensitivity. The
frequency measurement does not depend on the max/min, rel, or hold
mode. In this mode, the reading rate of the DMM may be slower than
the normal state.
To release the AC+Hz function, press [AC+Hz] again. The dBm mode
and AC+Hz mode are not selected concurrently.
5-7AC+DC measurements
The function can be selected only when voltage or current function is
selected. Press [AC+DC] button, the primary display shows the true
rms value of the input signal including the ac component and dc
component. In this mode, the reading rate of the DMM is slower than
the normal state.
To release the AC+DC function, press other function (voltage ac or
dc, current ac or dc, R,C, Continuity Beeper, Diode Test) key.
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5-8 MAX/MIN measurements
The MAX/MIN mode causes the DMM to hold the lowest and highest
readings. Press [MAX/MIN] button to the MAX mode. The highest
will be displayed in continuous input. In the MAX mode, press
[MAX/MIN] button to the MIN mode. The lowest will be displayed in
continuous input. In the MIN mode, press [MAX/MIN] button to
release the MAX/MIN mode.
5-9. RELmeasurements
When the [REL] button is pressed, the meter stores the present reading
and displays subsequent measurements as the difference between the
measured value and the stored reading.
In the MAX/MIN mode, set [REL] button to the REL mode. The
maximum or minimum reading will become the relative base.
5-10. HOLD measurements
The HOLD mode that allows you to keep your eyes fixing on the
probes when taking measurements in difficult or hazardous
circumstances, then read the display when it is convenient and safe.
Press the [HOLD] button the last reading is held on the display in all
function. To release the HOLD function, press [HOLD] again.
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6.MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
6-1 dBm measurement technique
dBm is defined as above or below a 1mW reference. A voltage
measurement is converted to dBm using the following formula:
dBm=10*log 10 (1000*voltage value2/reference impedance.)
The standard reference impedance of the instrument is 600Ω.
For example, 0.7746V will be convert to 0 dBm.
6-2 True rms measurement
The true rms (root-mean-square) value of a waveform is equivalent
to dc value that causes the same amount of heat to be dissipated in a
resistor.
Since average-responding meters have been in use for so long, you
may have accumulated test or reference data based on them. Figure 6-
1 illustrates the relationship between ac and dc components for
common waveforms, and compares readings for true rms meters and
average-responding meters. Figure 6-1 will help you convert between
the two measurement methods.
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zFigure 6-1: Voltage Conversion
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6-3AC+DC measurement
A signal includes an ac component and a dc level. The relationship
between the total rms value of the signal and the ac component and the
dc component is:
rms total= 22 component)(dcrms)componentc( +a
6-4 Crest factor
Crest factor is often overlooked in determining the accuracy of an ac
measurement. Crest factor is defined as the ratio of the peak signal
amplitude to the rms value of the signal.
If an input signal has a crest factor of 3.0 or less, voltage
measurements will not be in error due to dynamic range limitations at
full-scale.
The waveforms in Figure 6-2 show signals with increasing value of
crest factor. As you can see from the series of waveforms, a signal with
a crest factor above 3.0 is unusual.
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zFigure 6-2: Crest Factor
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7.MAINTENANCE
The following instructions are executed by qualified personnel only. To
avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing other than the
operating instructions unless you are qualified to do so.
7-1 Line fuse replacement
If the fuse blows, the DMM would not work. Try to determine and
correct the cause of the blown fuse, then replace the fuse with correct
rating and type shown as below:
FUSE RATING AND TYPE
100/120V T0.1A 250V
230V T0.08A 250V
F101 on PCB T0.5A 250V
7-2 Current fuse replacement
The current fuse protects the 500μA~ 2Arange from an input current
greater 2A.To replace the current fuse, perform the following steps:
1).Turn off the power, disconnect the power line and remove the test
leads.
2).Place the end of a flat blade screwdriver into the slot of the fuse
holder on the front panel. Push and carefully rotate the fuse carrier
turn counterclockwise till remove the fuse and the fuse carrier off
the front panel.
3).Remove the defective fuse and replace the correct fuse (F2A250V).
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7-3 Line voltage conversion
The primary winding of the power transformer is tapped to permit
operation from 100/120V, or 230V AC 50/60Hz line voltage.
Conversion from one line voltage to another is done by changing the
line voltage selector switch as shown in Figure 4-2. The rear panel
identifies the line voltage to which the unit was factory set. To convert
to a different line voltage, perform the following procedure:
1). Make sure the power cord is unplugged.
2). Adjust the line voltage selector switch to the desired line voltage
position.
3). A change in line voltage may also require a corresponding change
of fuse value. Install the correct fuse value as listed on rear panel.
7-4 Cleaning
To keep the instrument clean, wipe the case with a damp cloth and
detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.
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