Hamamatsu C4742-95-12ER User manual

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Digital CCD Camera
C4 7 42-95-12ER
Instruction Manual
Ver. 1. 2
Oct . 2000
HAMAMATSU
701011 2
55110-467
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1 PR ECA U TIO NS ............................................................ .. .. .. .................... .. ..3
2 USI NG YOUR EQUIPMENT SAFELY .... .. ....... .. ..... .. ............... .. ....... .... .4
3 HANDLING PRE CAU TIO NS........................... .... ............... .. ...................5
4 CON FIGURATIO N....... .. ............................................................................ 6
5 NAMES AND FU NC TIONS OF PARTS.... .. ................................ .. ......... 7
,, .- ; .:. '
5- 1 Ca mer a H ~ a d .............. ...................................................... ........................ 7
5 - 2
Ca mera co nt r ol un it (Fron t pan el) ............................................................ 8
5 - 3
Ca me ra co nt rol un it ( ba ck pan el).............................................................. 9
6 CABLE CON NECTIO NS .. ........ ...... .................. .. ... .... .............. .... ............ 11.
7 OPER ATION . .. ..................... .. ........ .... ..................... .. .......................... .. ....13
7 - 1 Pr ecautions ................ .................................... .........................................13
7 - 2
Pre pa rin g for m eas u rem e nt .....................................................................13
7 - 3 Concl
ud ing m eas ur e men t ....................................... ................ .................13
8 IMAGE ACQUISITION ... .. ......... .. ........................ .. ...... .. .............; .. ......... 14
8 - 1 Th eor yofCC D.. .................... .......................... .................. .... ................... 14
8 - 2 I mage ac qu is ition ....................................................................................16
8- 3 Deta il ed in fo rma tio n of came ra mode.......................................................18
8- 4 S ub -Arr ay S can Mode Expos ur e time ............. .................. ......... .............. .44
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9 COMMAND SPECIFIC A TION ............................................................... 48
9 - 1 Co mmun ications in te rface ....................- ................................. ..................48
9- 2 Comm an d f or ma ts ...................................................................................48
9 - 3 Camer a
respo n ses to co mm a nd s.............................................................. .49
9 -4 An overvie w of comm and s............................. ............. ..............................51
9 - 5 Co mman ds rel atio n in the mode sett in g and param eter se tting ................54
(
9 - 6 De tailed f ormat of comman d .............. ......................... .............................60
1 0 CHECKLIST OF UNUS UAL PHE NOMENA ................................... 71
1 0 - 1 Th e POW ER LED does n ot l ig ht wh en the power is turned on .. .............71
1 0 - 2 No im
ag e is t ra n sfe r re d .......... . ............................ ...... .................... .......71
1 0 - 3 T
he image is t ra nsferr ed , but th e followi ng problem occur s:.............. ....72
1 1 SPECIFI C ATIONS AND OTHER DATA........ .. ............ .. .................. 73
1 1 - 1 C amer a spe cif i ca ti on s...........................................................................73
1
1- 2 Dig ita l in te rfa ce spec if icat ion s.......................... .....................:...............76
1 1 -3
Ima ge da ta ou t pu t timing spec if ica tions........... ................ ......................80
1 2 WARRANTY .. ................ .... ............ .... ......... .... ................ ...... . ...... ........... 83
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1 Pr eca u tions
Please read and observe the following precautions in order to use your equipment
safely.
@ If the equipment is damaged in any way when unpacked, please contact
HAMAMATSU immediately, without operating the unit first.
@Connect the power supply plug of this unit to a 3·pin power outlet that has a
protective grounding contact.
If such an outlet is not available, always use the
accessory grounding line to ground the unit.
'· .
,, .. :
3
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2 Using Your Equipment Safe ly
Saf ety Precautions
Power Supply
· Use only the voltage noted on the rating seal .
· Do no t set heavy objects on t he power cable, bend it sharply, or scratc h or damag e the
cable in any way . It can be extremely dangerous to use a damaged power cable.
· When unplugging the power cable, grasp it by the plug . Never tug on th e cable to
unplug it.
· If th e equipment is not to be used for a long period of time , unplug the power cable from
the ,ol:lt}et.
Don't Disassemble th e Equipment
Internal co mponent s of this eq uipment become e xtr emely hot and to uching them can
be
dangerous . Disassembling the eq uipm ent can lead to breakdowns and accidents.
Never touch any parts of the equipment o ther than those described in this instruction
manual.
Don't In s ert Obje ct s Into the Eq uipment
Never in se rt any burnable mat e rial s, metallic objec ts , water , or other foreign
substances into the equipment , as t hi s can cause breakdowns and accidents.
If a Problem Occurs
If the unit suddenly stops pr od ucing images, if yo u notice any unusual noise or odor,
or if the re is smoke coming from the unit , immediately unplug the power cable from
the outlet and con tact HAMAMATSU or a sa le s agent of HAMAMATSU.
4
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3 Handling Precau ti ons
D on 't Use or Store t he U ni t in These Loc at io ns:
· Where the ambient temperatur e may fall below o·c or rise above 40"C
· Where the temperat ure fluctuates sharply
· In direct sunlight, or near a source of heat
· Where the humidity exceeds 70% , or where it is exposed to water
· Ne ar so ur ces generating stro ng magnetic or electrical fields
· Where there isvibration
· Where it comes in co ntact with co rr osive gases (chlorine, fluorine, etc)
· Dusty locations
Don
't Block Ven:tilation Ope nings
To prevent the internal temperature from rising excessively, do n 't wrap cloth around
the equipment while
it is operat ing , and make sure the fan on the back panel of the
CCD a nd t he slits on the sides are not blocked.
Avoid
Strong Impa ct
Dropping the equipment, or subjecting it to st rong impact, can cause it to break down.
Pluggin g In and D et aching Cables
Always turn off the power supply before plugging in or unplugging cables.
Securing th e Camera He ad
If the came ra he ad is being attached to a tripod, use the screw (1/4·20UNC) in the
center of the camera attachment stan d, or the screws (M3) in the periphery to attach
it. When doing t
hi s, be careful not to screw the attachment screws into the came ra
attach ment sta nd by more th an 8 mm. Screwing the screws too far in can cause
malfunctioning.
·.
Le ns
If the lens in the camera head C mount is screwed in more than 6.5 mm, it may
sc
ra tch the pr otective glass. (Some wide·angle lenses have a screw length of6.5 mm or
more,
so be particularly careful with these)
Precautions Concerning Tr a nspor t
If the camera is being shipped as cargo by tr uck, ship, airplane, etc., use the original
packing material
or equivalent material, and pack the camera very sec ur ely.
5
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4 Configuration
The C4742·95 is co nfig ured as follows:
(I) C4742·95 camera head
(2) C4742·95 c ame ra control unit
(3) Instruction manua l
(4) Cab
les
4·1. C amera cable (5 m)
4·2. Power cable
(5)
Accessorie s
, .
· 5-l. Sp ar e fl!tse
6
(I)
(I)
(I)
(1)
(I)
(I)
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5 Names and Functions of Parts
5 -1 Camera Head
,_
<D Lens mount
A C·mount lens or an optics system with a C·mount can be attached . Thus , by
using
an F/C mount, K!C mount, or PIC mount adaptor , various lenses can be
attached .
Note)
The depth of the C mount is 6.5 mm . Screwing in th e mount too far can
scratch the glass surface.
<ID Camera connector
This is used to connect the camera head and camera control unit .
@ Came ra attachment stand
This is used to secure the camera and head in place when using a tripod.
7
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5- 2 Camera control unit (Front panel)
ORCA-ER
F WiE .~
, . .
Q) POWER swi tc h
This
is the power switch. Pressing the switch once turn s on the power supply to
the CCD and camera head, and lights t he power lamp. If the power supply has
been t urne d off, wait at leastfive seco nd s b ef or e turning it on again.
®POWER LED
Thi s green LED lights to indicate t ha t the power is on.
8
.._
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5-3 Camera control unit (back panel)
EXT . ll'll
~~===:!):~ ~
:m.LIIt' '!MeW
@ ----I J- ~ eGiJo c(!!Jo
o\ lo
®
<D Camera connector (CAMERA HEAD)
This is used to connect the camera head and camera control unit. Use the special
cable providedfor
that purpos e.
®Trigger In connector (T RIGGER IN)
This is used when the C4742·95 is being operated using external synchronization.
Input is TTLlevel (EXT. TRIG circuit is terminated by 680Q resister.) . When an
external trigger is input , the trigger is activated at the falling or rising edge of
the signal . (You can choose externa l tr igger pola r ity betwee n Negative and
Positive.) For signal names , signal timings, and pin layouts, please refer to pages
ll-3-(3).
@Ser i al inte r face connector (SERIAL I /F)
This is used to transmit variou s commands sent. from the host computet to operate
the C4742·95. For signal names , signal timings, and pin layouts, please refer to
pages 11·3-(3).
®Digital output connector (DIGITAL OUT)
This is used to connect the camera control unit and the frame grabber. For signal
names , signal timings, and pin layouts, please refer to pages 11·3-(3).
®Opt i ons
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@Air outlet
This is the outlet for the he at ventilation blower. Make sure a sp,ace of at least 10
em is available at the back of the unit for ventilation.
(!)Frame ground (F-GND)
This is the frame
ground of the camera control unit . If a 3-pin power supply outlet
is not available, connect this
ter minal using the accessory GND cable.
®Power connector (LINE IN)
This is
the power supply terminal. Using the accessory power cable, connect this
t~rminal to a 3-pin outlet with a grounding terminaL
,..
..
10
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6 Cable Connections
Connect the v ar ious cables as shown in Fig. 6·1.
Camera head
<D Camera cable
.. ~ ..
·,
~ ·
GDSerial interface cable
Computer
Fig. 6- 1
11
~ Digital interface cable
Digital interface
image input board
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<D Came ra cab le
This connects the camera control unit (CCU) to the camera head using the
dedicated camera connector (CAMERA HEAD). The cable has no particular
polarity.
®Digital interface cable
This connects the digital output connector (DIGITAL OUT) of the CCU with a
frame grabber for external
data storage. The connector on the frame grabber side
varies depending on
the camera , so the dedicated cable for the frame grabber
should be used.
@Serial interface c able
This line is used to convey commands from an external host computer to control
various camera movements.
The cable connects the serial connector (SERIAL IfF)
of
the CCU with the host computer. The connector on the host computer side
varies depending on
the manufacturer , so use whatever cable is appropriate to the
computer being used.
@ AC line cable
Checkfirst to make sure the AC line voltage is within the usable range indicated
in the table below,
and that the power switch of the CCU has been turned off.
Then connect the power cable provided as an accessory.
·.
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7 Operation
7 · 1 Precautions
Make sure the power supply switch has been turned offbefore making the co nn ections
shown below.
(
I) Ambient temperature
Cooling ofthis equipm ent is done using a Peltier element. With a Peltier element, when
curren t is supplied, one surface is cooled, and the other surface is heated. The CCD chip
is positioned on
the cooling side, and cooling is done by discharging the heat from the
heated surface. Thus , the maximum temperatur e to which the CCD can be cooled, and
the .stal;>ility of the cooled temperature , are affected by the ambient temperature . The
~bi Emt tempe~ atur e should be main tained at a constant temp erat ur e in order for
cooling to be ef(ective.
The recomm ended ambient tem per ature for camera ope ra tion is 20·c. At this
temperature, t
he CCD will be coo led to approxim ate ly -20"C.
(2) Control software
The control software should be r un several seconds after the power supply to t he
camera has been turned on. If co mm a nds are received throug h the serial interface
when
the power supply to the cam era is turned on, the cam era may not start up
properly.
If this happens , immediately stop the camera and the control software, and
restart both, waiting the appropriate interval before running the software.
7 · 2 Prepar ing for measurement
Th e initial procedures should be carried out in the seq uence listed below.
(I) Turn on the power supply switch on the C4742-95.
(2) The cooling temperature st abilize s about 10 minute s after cooling has begun ,
and the equipment is ready for operation .
7 · 3
Concluding measurement
Follow the procedure outlined below to terminate measurement.
Turn off th e power supplies to t he cooled CCD camera and peripheral equipment.
13
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8 Image acquisition
8 · 1 Theory of CCD
C4742·95 CCD
camera uses the new progressive scan inter·line CC D whose
structure is shown as below. Incident photon generates an electron on the
photo·diode and generated electrons ar e transferred from photo·diode to on·chip
amplifier ,which converts the electron to voltage, by using the vertical CCD and
horizontal CCD. By supplying the readout signal to the sensor gate, all generated
charges are transferred to vertical CCD and , next, stored charges are transferred
line by line in the vertical CCD and finally charges are shifted pixel by pixel in the
horizontal CCP, . Finally all charges reach to the on ·chip amplifier.
This CCD has ~lso a function ofelectrical s hut ter. By using this function, all charges
integrated in the photo·diode are dumped to the silicon base instantaneously.
Furthermore, C4742·95 has a binningfunction for getting better sig nal to noise ratio
and high sensitivity in exchange for resolution. Because at the binning mode,
charges of adjacent pixels
(2 by 2 ma trix or 4 by 4 ma trix or 8 by 8 matrix and be
called "Super Pixel") are added in the CCD chip to achieving high sensitivity. With 2
by 2
binning , charges of four pixels are added in the CCD chip. Thus the signal
inc reases fourfold, although total pixel numb er decreases to quarter and frame
readout speed becomes double. With 4 by 4 binning, charges of sixteen pixels are
added in
the CCD chip. Thus the signal increases sixteen times, although total pixel
number decreases to 1116 and frame readout speed becomes four times. With 8 by 8
binning , chargesof64 pixels are added in the CCD chip. Thus the signal increases 64
times, although total pixel number decreases to 1164 and frame readout speed
becomes
eight times. At the normal inter· l ine transfer CCD, exposure time is defined
as the period betwe en readout signal and next reado:ut signal shown below. And this
exposure time
is equals to the readout time of all charges in the CCD chip.
A
sub·array scan is a method of picking out from the charges accumulated on the
CCD the necessary data ofa line area as efficiently and in as short a time as possible.
With
this meth od, only the line area deemed necessary is read out at the normal
speed,
and all remaining line areas are read out at high speed, thus boosting the
frame rate considerably. In this process, horizontal transmission is not carried out at
all; ins tea d, only vertical transmission is ca rri ed out at high speed, until the bottom
of
the specified line area has arrived in the bottom section of the CCD image area ,
and electrical charges are discarded during this time. Next, after the bottom of the
specified
area has been sent to the horizontal transmission re gister, all pixels in the
14
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line other than those specified will simply be transferred without being read, and
only the necessary data will be read out as effective data . Consequently, when one
screen
is read, using this mode shortens readout time considerably in comparison
with full-frame reading , enabling image input to be speeded up. This is effective in
reducing
measurement time and is also extremely useful in compressing data and
other functions.
15
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8 · 2 Image acquisition
The C4742·95 CCD camera can be co ntroll ed e xternally , through RS·232C serial
interface, from
host computer. So, all function ,e.g. camer a' gain and offset,
exposure time, etc.,
shou ldbe set from host computer by using commands. If camera
does
not recognize any commands, it works by initial setting mode.
8·2-l.Explanation ofMODE
This came ra 's MODE a1·e divided broadly into two categories. One is FREE
RUNNING MODE and the oth er is EXTERNAL CONTROLLED MODE.
(1) 'Free running mode
At this mode, camera runs with the internal clock and all functions are controlled
by
internal micro-processor. From host computer , functions as shown below are
controlled throw RS·232C serial interface.
Horizontal output data number
1344 pixel or 1280 pixel or 1024
pL'<el
Scan mode
Normal readout or Super pixel readout or Sub-array readout
Expos
ure time setting
Normal Setting, Electrical
Shutter or Frame Blanking
Contrast enhancement
Gain and Offset of Signal
are set from 0 to 255 at the 256 ste ps .
· Bit number of digital output
8 bit,
10 bit, 12 bit
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(2) External controlled mode
At this mode, camera runs by the external trigger pulse. integration period and
start timing of data readout from came ra are controll ed by this pulse. Even at this
external controlled mode, function as shown below are controlled throw
RS·232C serial interface.
Horizontal
output data number
1344
pi.xel or 1280 pixel or 1024 pi.xel
Scanning mode
Normalreadout
or Super pixel readout or Sub· array readout
Exposure time
setting
'' i~t~rnal Setting or ExternalSetting
Contrast enhancement
Gain
and Offset of Signal are set from 0 to 255 at the 256 steps.
Bit
number of digital output
8 bit, 10 bit , 12 bit
External trigger polarity
N <Negative) Low active
and P (positive) High active
17
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