Hitachi 160LC-3 User manual

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INTRODUCTION
IN-01
TO THE READER

x This manual is written for an experienced technician
to provide technical information needed to maintain
and repair this machine.
• Be sure to thoroughly read this manual for correct
product information and service procedures.
• If you have any questions or comments, at if you
found any errors regarding the contents of this
manual, please contact using “Service Manual
Revision Request Form” at the end of this manual.
(Note: Do not tear off the form. Copy it for us-
age.):
Publications Marketing & Product Support
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd.
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

x Please refer to the materials listed below in addition
to this manual.
• The Operator’s Manual
• The Parts Catalog
• Operation Manual of the Engine
• Parts Catalog of the Engine
• Hitachi Training Material
MANUAL COMPOSITION

x This manual consists of three portions: the Techni-
cal Manual (Operational Principle), the Technical
Manual (Troubleshooting) and the Workshop Man-
ual.
• Information included in the Technical Manual
(Operational Principle):
technical information needed for redelivery and
delivery, operation and activation of all devices
and systems.
• Information included in the Technical Manual
(Troubleshooting):
technical information needed for operational per-
formance tests, and troubleshooting procedures.
• Information included in the Workshop Manual:
technical information needed for maintenance
and repair of the machine, tools and devices
needed for maintenance and repair, maintenance
standards, and removal/installation and assem-
ble/disassemble procedures.
PAGE NUMBER
x Each page has a number, located on the center
lower part of the page, and each number contains
the following information:
Example : T 1-3-5
Consecutive Page Number for Each Group
Group Number
Section Number
T: Technical Manual W: Workshop Manual
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INTRODUCTION
IN-02
SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL AND HEADLINE
NOTATIONS
In this manual, the following safety alert symbol and
signal words are used to alert the reader to the
potential for personal injury of machine damage.
This is the safety alert symbol. When you see this
symbol, be alert to the potential for personal injury.
Never fail to follow the safety instructions prescribed
along with the safety alert symbol.
The safety alert symbol is also used to draw attention
to component/part weights.
To avoid injury and damage, be sure to use appropri-
ate lifting techniques and equipment when lifting heavy
parts.
x CAUTION:
Indicated potentially hazardous situation which could,
if not avoided, result in personal injury or death.
x IMPORTANT:
Indicates a situation which, if not conformed to the
instructions, could result in damage to the machine.
x NOTE:
Indicates supplementary technical information or
know-how.

UNITS USED
x SI Units (International System of Units) are used in
this manual.
MKSA system units and English units are also
indicated in parenthheses just behind SI units.
Example : 24.5 MPa (250 kgf/cm2, 3560 psi)
A table for conversion from SI units to other system
units is shown below for reference purposees.
Quantity To Convert
From Into Multiply By
MPa kgf/cm210.197Pressure
MPa psi 145.0
kW PS 1.360Power
kW HP 1.341
Temperature qC qF qCu1.8+32
km/h mph 0.6214Velocity
min-1 rpm 1.0
Flow rate L/min US gpm 0.2642
mL/rev cc/rev 1.0
Quantity To Convert
From Into Multiply By
mm in 0.03937Length
mm ft 0.003281
L US gal 0.2642
L US qt 1.057
Volume
m3yd31.308
Weight kg lb 2.205
N kgf 0.10197Force
N lbf 0.2248
Nm kgfm 1.0197Torque
Nm lbfft 0.7375
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SAFETY
SA-1
RECOGNIZE SAFETY INFORMATION
x These are the SAFETY ALERT SYMBOLS.
• When you see these symbols on your machine or
in this manual, be alert to the potential for per-
sonal injury.
• Follow recommended precautions and safe oper-
ating practices.
001-E01A-0001
SA-688
UNDERSTAND SIGNAL WORDS
x On machine safety signs, signal words designating
the degree or level of hazard - DANGER, WARNING,
or CAUTION - are used with the safety alert symbol.
• DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in death
or serious injury.
• WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
• CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor
or moderate injury.
• DANGER or WARNING safety signs are located
near specific hazards. General precautions are
listed on CAUTION safety signs.
• Some safety signs don't use any of the desig-
nated signal words above after the safety alert
symbol are occasionally used on this machine.
x To avoid confusing machine protection with personal
safety messages, a signal word IMPORTANT indi-
cates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in
damage to the machine.
x NOTE indicates an additional explanation for an
element of information.
002-E01A-1223
SA-1223
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SAFETY
SA-2
FOLLOW SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
x Carefully read and follow all safety signs on the
machine and all safety messages in this manual.
x Safety signs should be installed, maintained and
replaced when necessary.
• If a safety sign or this manual is damaged or
missing, order a replacement from your author-
ized dealer in the same way you order other re-
placement parts (be sure to state machine model
and serial number when ordering).
x Learn how to operate the machine and its controls
correctly and safely.
x Allow only trained, qualified, authorized personnel to
operate the machine.
x Keep your machine in proper working condition.
• Unauthorized modifications of the machine may
impair its function and/or safety and affect ma-
chine life.
• Do not modify any machine parts without au-
thorization. Failure to do so may deteriorate the
part safety, function, and/or service life. In addi-
tion, personal accident, machine trouble, and/or
damage to material caused by unauthorized
modifications will void Hitachi Warranty Policy.
• Do not use attachments and/or optional parts or
equipment not authorized by Hitachi. Failure to do
so may deteriorate the safety, function, and/or
service life of the machine. In addition, personal
accident, machine trouble, and/or damage to
material caused by using unauthorized attach-
ments and/or optional parts or equipment will void
Hitachi Warranty Policy.
x The safety messages in this SAFETY chapter are
intended to illustrate basic safety procedures of
machines. However it is impossible for these safety
messages to cover every hazardous situation you
may encounter. If you have any questions, you
should first consult your supervisor and/or your au-
thorized dealer before operating or performing
maintenance work on the machine.
003-E01B-0003
SA-003
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SAFETY
SA-3
PREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES
x Be prepared if a fire starts or if an accident occurs.
• Keep a first aid kit and fire extinguisher on hand.
• Thoroughly read and understand the label at-
tached on the fire extinguisher to use it properly.
• To ensure that a fire-extinguisher can be always
used when necessary, check and service the
fire-extinguisher at the recommended intervals as
specified in the fire-extinguisher manual.
• Establish emergency procedure guidelines to
cope with fires and accidents.
• Keep emergency numbers for doctors, ambu-
lance service, hospital, and fire department
posted near your telephone.
004-E01A-0437
SA-437
WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
x Wear close fitting clothing and safety equipment
appropriate to the job.
You may need:
A hard hat
Safety shoes
Safety glasses, goggles, or face shield
Heavy gloves
Hearing protection
Reflective clothing
Wet weather gear
Respirator or filter mask.
Be sure to wear the correct equipment and clothing
for the job. Do not take any chances.
• Avoid wearing loose clothing, jewelry, or other
items that can catch on control levers or other
parts of the machine.
x Operating equipment safely requires the full atten-
tion of the operator. Do not wear radio or music
headphones while operating the machine.
005-E01A-0438
SA-428
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SAFETY
SA-4
PROTECT AGAINST NOISE
x Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause im-
pairment or loss of hearing.
• Wear a suitable hearing protective device such as
earmuffs or earplugs to protect against objec-
tionable or uncomfortably loud noises.
006-E01A-0434
SA-434
INSPECT MACHINE
x Inspect your machine carefully each day or shift by
walking around it before you start it to avoid per-
sonal injury.
• In the walk-around inspection be sure to cover all
points described in the "RE-START INSPEC-
TION" chapter in the operator's manual.
007-E01A-0435
SA-435
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SAFETY
SA-5
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR CAB
• Before entering the cab, thoroughly remove all dirt
and/or oil from the soles of your work boots. If any
controls such as a pedal is operated while with
dirt and/or oil on the soles of the operator's work
boots the operator's foot may slip off the pedal,
possibly resulting in a personal accident.
• Do not leave parts and/or tools lying around the
operator's seat. Store them in their specified loca-
tions.
• Avoid storing transparent bottles in the cab. Do
not attach any transparent type window decora-
tions on the windowpanes as they may focus
sunlight, possibly starting a fire.
• Refrain from listening to the radio, or using music
headphones or mobile telephones in the cab
while operating the machine.
• Keep all flammable objects and/or explosives
away from the machine.
• After using the ashtray, always cover it to extin-
guish the match and/or tobacco.
• Do not leave cigarette lighters in the cab. When
the temperature in the cab increases, the lighter
may explode.
524-E01A-0000
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SAFETY
SA-6
USE HANDHOLDS AND STEPS
x Falling is one of the major causes of personal injury.
• When you get on and off the machine, always
face the machine and maintain a three-point
contact with the steps and handrails.
• Do not use any controls as hand-holds.
• Never jump on or off the machine. Never mount or
dismount a moving machine.
• Be careful of slippery conditions on platforms,
steps, and handrails when leaving the machine.
008-E01A-0439
SA-439
ADJUST THE OPERATOR'S SEAT
x A poorly adjusted seat for either the operator or for
the work at hand may quickly fatigue the operator
leading to mis-operations.
• The seat should be adjusted whenever changing
the operator for the machine.
• The operator should be able to fully depress the
pedals and to correctly operate the control levers
with his back against the seat back.
• If not, move the seat forward or backward, and
check again.
• Adjust the rear view mirror position so that the
best rear visibility is obtained from the operator's
seat. If the mirror is broken, immediately replace it
with a new one.
009-E01A-0462
SA-462
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SAFETY
SA-7
ENSURE SAFETY BEFORE RISING FROM
OR LEAVING OPERATOR'S SEAT
x Before rising from the operator's seat to open/close
either side window or to adjust the seat position, be
sure to first lower the front attachment to the ground
and then move the pilot control shut-off lever to the
LOCK position. Failure to do so may allow the ma-
chine to unexpectedly move when a body part un-
intentionally comes in contact with a control lever,
possibly resulting in serious personal injury or death.
• Before leaving the machine, be sure to first lower
the front attachment to the ground and then move
the pilot control shut-off lever to the LOCK posi-
tion. Turn the key switch OFF to stop the engine.
• Before leaving the machine, close all windows,
doors, and access covers and lock them up.
FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELT
x If the machine should overturn, the operator may
become injured and/or thrown from the cab. Addi-
tionally the operator may be crushed by the over-
turning machine, resulting in serious injury or death.
• Prior to operating the machine, thoroughly ex-
amine webbing, buckle and attaching hardware. If
any item is damaged or worn, replace the seat
belt or component before operating the machine.
• Be sure to remain seated with the seat belt se-
curely fastened at all times when the machine is
in operation to minimize the chance of injury from
an accident.
࡮We recommend that the seat belt be replaced
every three years regardless of its apparent con-
dition.
010-E01A-0237
SA-237

SAFETY
SA-8
MOVE AND OPERATE MACHINE SAFELY
x Bystanders can be run over.
• Take extra care not to run over bystanders. Con-
firm the location of bystanders before moving,
swinging, or operating the machine.
• Always keep the travel alarm and horn in working
condition (if equipped). It warns people when the
machine starts to move.
• Use a signal person when moving, swinging, or
operating the machine in congested areas. Coor-
dinate hand signals before starting the machine.
• Use appropriate illumination. Check that all lights
are operable before operating the machine. If any
faulty illumination is present, immediately repair it.
011-E01A-0398
SA-426
HANDLE STARTING AIDS SAFELY
Starting fluid:
x Starting fluid is highly flammable.
• Keep all sparks and flame away when using it.
• Keep starting fluid well away from batteries and
cables.
• Remove container from machine if engine does
not need starting fluid.
• To prevent accidental discharge when storing a
pressurized container, keep the cap on the con-
tainer, and store it in a cool, well-protected loca-
tion.
• Do not incinerate or puncture a starting fluid con-
tainer.
036-E01A-0293-3
SA-293

SAFETY
SA-9
OPERATE ONLY FROM OPERATOR'S
SEAT
x Inappropriate engine starting procedures may cause
the machine to runaway, possibly resulting in seri-
ous injury or death.
• Start the engine only when seated in the opera-
tor's seat.
• NEVER start the engine while standing on the
track or on ground.
• Do not start engine by shorting across starter
terminals.
• Before starting the engine, confirm that all control
levers are in neutral.
• Before starting the engine, confirm the safety
around the machine and sound the horn to alert
bystanders.
012-E01B-0431
SA-444
JUMP STARTING
x Battery gas can explode, resulting in serious injury.
• If the engine must be jump started, be sure to
follow the instructions shown in the "OPERATING
THE ENGINE" chapter in the operator's manual.
• The operator must be in the operator's seat so
that the machine will be under control when the
engine starts. Jump starting is a two-person op-
eration.
• Never use a frozen battery.
• Failure to follow correct jump starting procedures
could result in a battery explosion or a runaway
machine.
S013-E01A-0032
SA-032

SAFETY
SA-10
KEEP RIDERS OFF MACHINE
x Riders on machine are subject to injury such as be-
ing struck by foreign objects and being thrown off
the machine.
• Only the operator should be on the machine.
Keep riders off.
• Riders also obstruct the operator's view, resulting
in the machine being operated in an unsafe
manner.
014-E01B-0427
SA-379
PRECAUTIONS FOR OPERATIONS
x Investigate the work site before starting operations.
• Be sure to wear close fitting clothing and safety
equipment appropriate for the job, such as a hard
hat, etc. when operating the machine.
• Clear all persons and obstacles from area of op-
eration and machine movement.
Always beware of the surroundings while operat-
ing. When working in a small area surrounded by
obstacles, take care not to hit the upperstructure
against obstacles.
• When loading onto trucks, bring the bucket over
the truck beds from the rear side. Take care not to
swing the bucket over the cab or over any person.
M104-05-015

SAFETY
SA-11
INVESTIGATE JOB SITE BEFOREHAND
x When working at the edge of an excavation or on a
road shoulder, the machine could tip over, possibly
resulting in serious injury or death.
• Investigate the configuration and ground condi-
tions of the job site beforehand to prevent the
machine from falling and to prevent the ground,
stockpiles, or banks from collapsing.
• Make a work plan. Use machines appropriate to
the work and job site.
• Reinforce ground, edges, and road shoulders as
necessary. Keep the machine well back from the
edges of excavations and road shoulders.
• When working on an incline or on a road shoulder,
employ a signal person as required.
• Confirm that your machine is equipped a FOPS
cab before working in areas where the possibility
of falling stones or debris exist.
• When the footing is weak, reinforce the ground
before starting work.
• When working on frozen ground, be extremely
alert. As ambient temperatures rise, footing be-
comes loose and slippery.
• Beware the possibility of fire when operating the
machine near flammable objects such as dry
grass.
x Make sure the worksite has sufficient strength to
firmly support the machine.
When working close to an excavation or at road
shoulders, operate the machine with the tracks po-
sitioned perpendicular to the cliff face with travel
motors at the rear, so that the machine can more
easily evacuate if the cliff face collapses.
x If working on the bottom of a cliff or a high bank is
required, be sure to investigate the area first and
confirm that no danger of the cliff or bank collapsing
exists. If any possibility of cliff or bank collapsing
exists, do not work on the area.
x Soft ground may collapse when operating the ma-
chine on it, possibly causing the machine to tip over.
When working on a soft ground is required, be sure
to reinforce the ground first using large pieces of
steel plates strong and firm enough to easily support
the machine.
x Note that there is always a possibility of machine
tipping over when working on rough terrain or on
slopes. Prevent machine tipping over from occurring.
When operating on rough terrain or on slopes:
• Reduce the engine speed.
• Select slow travel speed mode.
• Operate the machine slowly and be cautious with
machine movements.
SA-380

SAFETY
SA-12
EQUIPMENT OF HEAD GUARD, ROPS,
FOPS
In case the machine is operated in areas where the
possibility of falling stones or debris exist, equip a
head guard, ROPS, or FOPS according to the poten-
tial hazardous conditions. (The standard cab for this
machine corresponds to ROPS and FOPS.)
ROPS: Roll-Over Protective Structure
FOPS: Falling Object Protective Structure
SA-490
PROVIDE SIGNALS FOR JOBS INVOLV-
ING MULTIPLE NUMBERS OF MACHINES
x For jobs involving multiple numbers of machines,
provide signals commonly known by all personnel
involved. Also, appoint a signal person to coordinate
the job site. Make sure that all personnel obey the
signal person's directions.
018-E01A-0481
SA-481
CONFIRM DIRECTION OF MACHINE TO
BE DRIVEN
x Incorrect travel pedal/lever operation may result in
serious injury death.
• Before driving the machine, confirm the position
of the undercarriage in relation to the operator's
position. If the travel motors are located in front of
the cab, the machine will move in reverse when
travel pedals/levers are operated to the front.
017-E01A-0491
SA-491

SAFETY
SA-13
DRIVE MACHINE SAFELY
x Before driving the machine, always confirm that the
travel levers/pedals direction corresponds to the di-
rection you wish to drive.
• Be sure to detour around any obstructions.
• Avoid traveling over obstructions. Soil, fragments
of rocks, and/or metal pieces may scatter around
the machine. Don't allow personnel to stay around
the machine while traveling.
x Driving on a slope may cause the machine to slip or
overturn, possibly resulting in serious injury or
death.
• Never attempt to ascend or descend 35 degrees
or steeper slopes.
• Be sure to fasten the seat belt.
• When driving up or down a slope, keep the bucket
facing the direction of travel, approximately 0.5 to
1.0 m (A) above the ground.
• If the machine starts to skid or becomes unstable,
immediately lower the bucket to the ground and
stop.
SA-657
SA-658
SA-441
SA-442

SAFETY
SA-14
DRIVE MACHINE SAFELY
• Driving across the face of a slope or steering on a
slope may cause the machine to skid or turnover.
If the direction must be changed, move the ma-
chine to level ground, then, change the direction
to ensure safe operation.
• Avoid swinging the upperstructure on slopes.
Never attempt to swing the upperstructure down-
hill. The machine may tip over. If swinging uphill is
unavoidable, carefully operate the upperstructure
and boom at slow speed.
• If the engine stalls on a slope, immediately lower
the bucket to the ground. Return the control lev-
ers to neutral. Then, restart the engine.
• Be sure to thoroughly warm up the machine be-
fore ascending steep slopes. If hydraulic oil has
not warmed up sufficiently, sufficient performance
may not be obtained.
• Use a signal person when moving, swinging or
operating the machine in congested areas. Coor-
dinate hand signals before starting the machine.
• Before moving machine, determine which way to
move travel pedals/levers for the direction you
want to go. When the travel motors are in the rear,
pushing down on the front of the travel pedals or
pushing the levers forward moves the machine
forward, towards the idlers.
An arrow-mark seal is stuck on the inside surface
of the side frame to indicate the machine front
direction.
• Select a travel route that is as flat as possible.
Steer the machine as straight as possible, making
small gradual changes in direction.
• Before traveling on them, check the strengths of
bridges and road shoulders, and reinforce if nec-
essary.
M104-05-008
M178-03-001
Travel Motor
A
rrow-Mark

SAFETY
SA-15
• Use wood plates in order not to damage the road
surface. Be careful of steering when operating on
asphalt roads in summer.
• When crossing train tracks, use wood plates in
order not to damage them.
• Do not make contact with electric wires or
bridges.
• When crossing a river, measure the depth of the
river using the bucket, and cross slowly. Do not
cross the river when the depth of the river is
deeper than the upper edge of the upper roller.
• When traveling on rough terrain, reduce engine
speed. Select slow travel speed. Slower speed
will reduce possible damage to the machine.
• Avoid operations that may damage the track and
undercarriage components.
• During freezing weather, always clean snow and
ice from track shoes before loading and unloading
machine, to prevent the machine from slipping.
SA-011

SAFETY
SA-16
AVOID INJURY FROM ROLLAWAY ACCI-
DENTS
x Death or serious injury may result if you attempt to
mount or stop a moving machine.
To avoid rollaways:
• Select level ground when possible to park ma-
chine.
• Do not park the machine on a grade.
• Lower the bucket and/or other work tools to the
ground.
• Turn the auto-idle switch and the H/P mode
switch off.
• Run the engine at slow idle speed without load for
5 minutes to cool down the engine.
• Stop the engine and remove the key from the key
switch.
• Pull the pilot control shut-off lever to LOCK posi-
tion.
• Block both tracks and lower the bucket to the
ground. Thrust the bucket teeth into the ground if
you must park on a grade.
• Position the machine to prevent rolling.
• Park a reasonable distance from other machines.
020-E02A-0493
SA-391
SA-392