Hitech RO-300 DLX User manual

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
MANUAL
RO - 300 DLX
HI-TECH SWEET WATER TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD HI-TECH SWEET WATER TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD

1.0 DESCRIPTION
1.1 General Information
Your reverse osmosis (RO) machine is a durable piece of equipment which, with proper care,
will last for many years. This instruction manual outlines operating and maintenance details
vital to the sustained performance of your RO unit.
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Your RO machine indicates the permeate and concentrate rates at 77 F (25 C) per 2000 mg/L
feed concentration and 30 psig (2.1 bar) feed pressure. The machine runs at approximately
175 psig (15.2 bar) operating pressure except where lower pressures are advised because of
the type of membrane used.
Recoveries are set depending on the water analysis for each machine. Recoveries for these
machines are generally set between 33-50% . If your unit is altered at the site or if the feed
water changes.
When new membrane are installed in the RO machine, the customer must be certain that the
recovery of permeate as a percentage of the feed rate is the same as the original machine.
This means that if the permeate flow rate is higher than that specified, the concentrate flow
rate must be increased so that the ratio of permeate flow rate to the concentrate flow rate is
the same as on the original machine. The concentrate flow rate can be increased by opening
the concentrate valve slightly. However, it is suggested that the customer purchase a
replacement valve steam from Hi-Tech which will allow the valve to be closed and still give an
adequate concentrate flow rate.
NOTE: In order to maintain warranty, an operating log must be maintained. Copies can be
sent to Hi-Tech for review. Extra log sheets are available upon request.
1.2 What is Reverse Osmosis ?
RO is the removal of ionic, organic and suspended impurities from water by the use of a
membrane. Unlike conventional filtration, RO separates the feed water stream into two
streams. The semipermeable RO membrane, under pressure, allow the passage of the
purified water (permeate) while rejecting the dissolved or suspended solids in a
concentrated stream. Several operating definitions are useful to further understand how
your machine functions:
FEED WATER: The incoming water stream that is to be treated by the RO machine.
PERMEATE: the purified water stream that has passed through the membrane.
WASTE WATER: the flow of water used to wash or clean the membrane; this stream
contains the impurities rejected by the membrane and flow to the drain.
RECOVERY: the amount of permeate that is "recovered" from the feed water
stream; your machine is designed to recover 33-50% of the feed water
stream.
% REJECTION: the percentage of dissolved ions "rejected" by the RO membrane’
performance.

2.1 Plumbing
A certain amount of water must be used to continuously rinse the RO membranes and carry
the concentrated, rejected materials away from the membrane. The concentrate outlet is
located on the outlet side of the concentrate valve. Approximately 6 feet of 3/8 inch nylon
tubing should be connected to the concentrate outlet and run to an open drain. The tubing
must be unobstructed. There is no restriction as to the length of the tubing.
The RO permeate outlet is located on the end cap(s) of the membrane housings. The
permeate outlet is ½ inch tube. The permeate should be transported to the point of use
through high-quality nylon or stainless steel tubing. PVC pipe or other FDA-acceptable
materials.
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Maximum recommended inlet temperature is 40 C.
2.3 Electrical
A ¼-HP, ½-HP or ¾-HP 220/50/1 is supplied, and is wired with an4-foot cord. A 3-prong
plug is provided for use in a standard household outlet receptacle.
An appropriate plug must be wired to the cord provided for use in a standard household
outlet receptacle for 220/50/1 units. All field wiring must comply with applicable national and
local codes.
WARNING : TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, THE INCOMING
POWER SUPPLY MUST INCLUDE A PROTECTIVE EARTH
GROUND.
2.4 Pump
The pumps used on this product line are rotary vane pumps. These pumps must be run on
filtered water only. When the pumps require servicing, simply remove the pump head with a
screwdriver and return it to Hi-Tech The head will be reconditioned and returned at a nominal
charge. It is advisable to purchase a new pump to use while the old pump is being evaluated
for reconditioning. At times, purchasing a new pump is less expensive than reconditioning
the old pump.
CAUTION : NEVER LET THE PUMP RUN DRY, AS THIS WILL CAUSE SERIOUS
DAMAGE TO THE MACHINE.

2.5 Pre-filtering
Process of Micron Filtration
These are pressure vessels filtered internally with pleated/PP cartridge elements of 5/20
microns rating, which removes micron - sized particles. the imported filter housing is made
for food grade NSF material and it can be opened easily for cleaning of cartridge filter.
A 5/20 - micron spun polypropylene pre-filter cartridge is used to protect the membranes and
controls from particles which may be in the inlet feedwater. The cartridge should be removed
every 4 to 6 months and replaced if plugged. Contact Hi-tech office or your Distributor for
pre-filters.
Note : The machine must be operated on filtered water only.
3.0 OPERATION SPECIFICATIONS
3.1. Osmonics
Table 1 - Membrane Operating Parameters
Salt Rejection Membrane
Monovalent Ions: 96%
Polyvalent Ions: 98%
Suspended Matter Rejection: 99+%
Bacteria Rejection: 99+%
Pyrogen Rejection: 99+%
Organic Rejection: 99+%
1
>150 MV
pH Range: 5.5-10.0
Continuous Free Chlorine: Short-term exposure to 0.2 mg/L
2
Continuous exposure less than 0.1 mg/L
Slit Density Index: <5
Iron Concentration: 0.2 mg/L
1MV indicates Molecular Weight. (Normal cutoff point for rejection of saccharide-type
molecules larger than the stated molecular weight)
2Chlorine tolerance is very pH-dependent. Increased tolerance is likely where feedwater pH is
7.0 or lower.
3.2 Feedwater Specifications
Membrane
0 0 0 0
Temperature: Minimum 35 F (2 C) Maximum 85 F (29 C)
Inlet Pressure: Minimum 30 psi (2.1 bar) Maximum 60 psi (4.1 bar)
™/Filmtek™ membranes are used in RO machines.

Free Chlorine: Continuous exposure : Short-term exposure Less than 0.1 mg/L
Up to 0.2 mg/L
pH Minimum - 5.5 Maximum - 10.0
Pre-filter: Hytrex 5-micron filter recommended;
feedwater must be filtered to 100 - mesh
size (approximately 100 microns or smaller)
Inlet Connections: 3/8 or ½ inch inlet
3.3 Permeate Water
Maximum Permeate Back pressure: 60 psi (4.1 bar)
Permeate Outlet Connection: ½ -inch tube
3.4 Concentrate Water
Concentrate Connections: ½ -inch tube
3.5 Material must not precipitate in the machine or membranes. Be certain all components are
soluble at the concentrations in the machines. Remember, a machine operating at 33%
recovery concentrates nearly all impurities one-and-one-half times.
3.6 If the feedwater contains a slightly soluble material such as calcium sulfate, silica or colloidal
clay, an approved Hi-Tech dispersant should be used.
4.0 START-UP
4.1 Recheck the function and integrity of your pretreatment equipment. Ensure that your water
softener and activated carbon filters, iron filters (When applicable) have been leak-checked,
backwashed, and thoroughly rinsed for service before starting up your RO unit.
4.2 Attach feedwater hose to the inlet of the machine.
4.3 Check for leaks at all connection points.
4.4 Turn on feedwater gradually and check for leaks in the inlet plumbing. No flow should go
through the machine while the power is off and the inlet valve is in the closed position.
NOTE : When the machine is off, there should never be flow through the machine. Flow
through the machine when it is off can ruin the membrane, and the inlet valve must
be repaired.
4.5 Attach the tubing from permeate and concentrate outlet points, and run the tubing to drain.
4.6 Plug the power cord into a 220-VAC receptacle, with the machine power switch in the OFF
position.
4.7 Open your concentrate and recycle flow control valves two complete turns.

The flow control features a concentrate flow control valve, a recycle flow control valve, and a
pressure gauge.
The proper adjustment of these valves is critical to the operation of the RO machine. The
concentrate valve determines the amount of rejected water leaving the machine, and
creates the operating pressure shown on the pressure gauge. The recycle valve returns
unused reject flow back into the inlet stream to the RO pump. It is important to balance the
operating pressure and the respective flows of these valves to ensure that your machine is
operating correctly. The pump has a fixed amount of flow produced, and the valves are the
control devices to distribute this fixed amount of flow produced. The pressure gauge is an
indicator of applied membrane pressure at the flows set by the valves.
4.8 Turn on the machine; allow the machine to operate for one minute to purge the air from the
machine. As you are operating, be sure to watch the pressure gauge on the flow control
center. The machine is designed to operate at maximum 225 psi.
NOTE : Do not allow the pressure to exceed 200 psi. If the pressure exceeds 200 psi, open
the concentrate flow valve until the pressure gauge shows 200 psi or less.
As the machine purges the air and fills with water, the pressure will gradually increase. You
should see water flowing from the permeate and concentrate outlets. If you do not see flow
from these points, turn the machine off and return to Section 4.1
CAUTION : NEVER ALLOW THE MACHINE TO OPERATE WITHOUT
ADEQUATE FEEDWATER PRESSURE, AS THIS MAY CAUSE
SERIOUS MACHINE DAMAGE.
The concentrate flow control valve has a drilled orifice to ensure a predetermined amount of
flow and pressure in the closed position. This orifice is sized to operate the machine at 50%
recovery.
5.0 FLUSHING AND CLEANING
5.1 Flushing
The machine should be flushed weekly to remove sediment from the surface of the
membrane . To flush the unit:
5.1.1 Open the concentrate valve until the pressure gauge reads the pressure designated
on the nameplate. Normally this will be 50 psig (3.5 bar).
NOTE : If pressure will not drop to specified pressure during flushing, the valve
must be cleaned.
5.1.2 Allow the machine to run at its designated pressure for 10 to 20 minutes.
5.1.3 Close the concentrate valve to its previous position and check to be sure a proper
concentrate flow rate is going to the drain.
5.1.4 The machine is ready to operate.

6.0 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
6.1 Conductivity Meter
The conductivity meter measures and displays the conductivity resistivity of the water
sample passing by the unit's sensor.
6.2 Low Inlet Pressure Switch
The low inlet pressure switch is a device used to protect the RO pump in situations where
fluctuations in feedwater pressure are suspect. This pressure switch is mounted to the RO
inlet, pre-wired and pre-plumbed.
The pressure switch is designed to shut the RO machine down in the event of a low pressure
condition.
The pressure switch is designed to shut the machine off when the feedwater pressure is
below 40 psi . The machine will restart when the pressure exceeds 40 psi.
6.3 Permeate and Concentrate Flow Meters
The optional flow meters are panel-mounted and pre-plumbed. These flow meters are the
rota meter style. They allow for convenient at-a-glance information collections. The panel
mounting allows for easy calibration of your machine operation parameters, while adjusting
flow controls and pressures.

7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Possible CausesSymptom
Low reading on final pressure
gauge
Low permeate production
Low concentrate flow with
normal or high operating
pressure.
Insufficient fedwater pressure
or flow
Clogged pre-filter
Dirty or fouled membranes
Insufficient electrical power.
Pump not operating correctly.
Low operating pressure
m e m b r a n e s i n s t a l l e d
backwards
Membranes have "rolled" or
damaged concentrate seal
Dirty of fouled membranes.
Plugged concentrate valve
Restricted concentrate line.
Open the feedwater valve.
Check the feedwater pressure;
check for restrictions.
Replace the pre-filter.
Clean the membranes.
Measure the voltage; check the
fuses and circuit breakers.
Contact your Hi-Tech distributor
or Hi-Tech for replacement or
repair of pump if requires.
See above.
Re-install the membranes
correctly.
Re-install the membrane
correctly being careful not to
" r o l l " t h e c o n c e n t r a t e
seal.membranes with damaged
concentrate seals may be
returned for repair.
Clean the membranes.
Remove and clean the valve
steam, and valve body.
Check the concentrate line for
obstructions or kinks. Repair or
replace the concentrate tubing.
High operating pressure Plugged recycle or concentrate
valve
Permeate flow low
Inaccurate pressure gauge
Restricted permeate line
Remove and clean the valve
stem.
Clean the membranes and/or
adjust the concentrate valve for
normal pressure.
Repair or replace the gauge.
Check the permeate line for
obstructions or kinks. Repair or
replace the permeate rubing.

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Possible Causes RemediesSymptom
Percent rejection declining
Switch on; unit not operating
Dirty or fouled membranes
O-ring seals on membrane
unseated or damaged parts
M e m b r a n e ( s ) r e q u i r e s
replacement
Storage tank float switch has
cut power to machine.
Thermal overload of motor
Pump motor failure
Clean the membrane
Replace the O-rings and check
the sealing surfaces. Replace
damaged parts.
Replace the membranes as
needed.
The storage tank may be full.
The switch control may require
adjustment.
Allow the machine to cool.
Check the amp draw of the
motor.
Check the fuses or circuit
breakers; measure the voltage.

PROCESS OF PRESSURE SAND FILTER
PRESSURE SAND FILTER (PSF)
The water is first filtered by pressure sand filter unit for removal of suspended matters and turbidity. PSF unit
is a corrosion free Polymer Resin Composite Pressure Vessel. Two grade of filtering sand is charged on the
supporting media of Pebbles and Gravels. The unit come with complete backwashing multiport valve system.
With the operation of one level arm rinsing and backwashing can be done.
Sand filter cleaning
To clean and rinsing the sand filter & obtain clean water, turn the coke position from service to rinsing or
backwash mode for 3 to 5 minutes depends on quality & impurity of raw water. After obtaining clean water
make the coke position to service mode again. Follow the above operation twice /thrice in a week.
NOTE : ALWAYS OFF INLET FEEDWATER SUPPLY BEFORE CHANGING THE POSITION OF COKE
FROM SERVICE MODE TO BACKWASH MODE.
PROCESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER (ACF)
To remove color, Odor and Smell from the water.
To remove Oil & Grease from the water.
To control the BOD & COD in the water.
Activated Carbon Filter cleaning
To clean and rinsing the ACF & obtain clean water, turn the coke position from service to rinsing or backwash
mode for 3 to 5 minutes depends on quality & impurity of raw water. After obtaining clean water make the
coke position to service mode again. Follow the above operation twice /thrice in a week.
NOTE : ALWAYS OFF INLET FEEDWATER SUPPLY BEFORE CHANGING THE POSITION OF COKE
FROM SERVICE MODE TO BACKWASH MODE.