HP DDL D40 User manual

Data Definition
Language (DDL)
Reference Manual
Abstract
This manual describes the DDL language syntax and the DDL dictionary database.
The audience includes application programmers and database administrators.
Product Version
DDL D40
Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs)
This publication supports G02.00 and all subsequent G-series RVUs until otherwise
indicated by its replacement publication.
Part Number Published
426798-002 November 2004

Document History
Part Number Product Version Published
098209 DDL D20 September 1993
105918 DDL D30 December 1994
122316 DDL D40 November 1995
426798-001 DDL D40 October 2000
426798-002 DDL D40 November 2004

Hewlett-Packard Company—426798-002
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Data Definition Language (DDL)
Reference Manual
Glossary Index Figures Tables
What’s New in This Manual xi
Manual Information xi
New and Changed Information xi
About This Manual xiii
Audience xiii
Organization of This Manual xiii
Prerequisite Manuals xiv
Related Manuals xv
Notation Conventions xv
1. Introduction to DDL
Compiling and Translating Data Definitions 1-1
Using DDL Definitions 1-2
Creating a Dictionary 1-4
Creating a Database 1-5
Generating Source Code 1-7
Maintaining a Dictionary 1-10
Examining a Dictionary 1-11
2. DDL Language Elements
DDL Names 2-1
DDL File Names 2-2
Local File Names 2-2
DDL Locale Names 2-4
DDL Numbers 2-5
DDL Strings 2-5
DDL Keywords and Reserved Words 2-6
DDL Keywords 2-6
DDL Reserved Words 2-7
DDL Special Characters 2-8
DDL Comments 2-9
Dictionary Comments 2-9

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3. Running the DDL Compiler
Compiler Listing Comments 2-11
DDL Statements 2-12
DDL Compiler Commands 2-13
3. Running the DDL Compiler
DDL Run Command 3-1
Running DDL in Noninteractive Mode 3-2
Running DDL in Interactive Mode 3-3
Completion Code Processing 3-5
4. Named Constants
CONSTANT Statement 4-1
Standard SPI Constants 4-9
5. Definitions and Records
DEFINITION and RECORD Statements 5-1
DEFINITION Statement 5-1
Forms of the DEFINITION Statement 5-1
Exceptions for Specifying Definition Clauses 5-2
Field Definition Syntax 5-3
Group Definition Syntax 5-4
Reference Definition Syntax 5-5
Syntax Elements 5-5
Definition Error Handling 5-11
RECORD Statement 5-12
Parts of the RECORD Statement 5-12
File-Creation Syntax 5-14
Reference Record Structure Syntax 5-17
Record Structure Syntax 5-18
Key Assignment Syntax 5-21
RECORD Statement Error Handling 5-27
6. Definition Attributes
AS Clause 6-3
DISPLAY Clause 6-4
EDIT-PIC Clause 6-5
EXTERNAL Clause 6-7
FILLER Clause 6-8
HEADING Clause 6-9
HELP Clause 6-11

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7. SPI Tokens
JUSTIFIED Clause 6-12
KEYTAG Clause 6-13
LN Clause 6-14
MUST BE Clause 6-16
NULL Clause 6-20
OCCURS Clause 6-21
OCCURS DEPENDING ON Clause 6-24
PICTURE Clause 6-26
REDEFINES Clause 6-32
SPI-NULL Clause 6-35
SQLNULLABLE Clause 6-38
TACL Clause 6-44
TYPE Clause 6-47
UPSHIFT Clause 6-73
USAGE Clause 6-74
VALUE Clause 6-79
66 RENAMES Clause 6-85
88 Condition-Name Clause 6-86
89 Enumeration Clause 6-89
7. SPI Tokens
SPI Token Definition 7-1
DDL Token-Definition Statements 7-2
TOKEN-TYPE Statement 7-2
TOKEN-CODE Statement 7-8
TOKEN-MAP Statement 7-13
8. Dictionary Manipulation Statements
DELETE Statement 8-1
EXIT Statement 8-4
OUTPUT Statement 8-5
OUTPUT UPDATE Statement 8-8
SHOW USE OF Statement 8-11
9. DDL Compiler Commands
ANSICOBOL Command 9-6
C Command 9-7
C00CALIGN Command 9-11
CCHECK Command 9-11
CDEFINEUPPER Command 9-13

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9. DDL Compiler Commands
CFIELDALIGN_MATCHED2 Command 9-13
CIFDEF, CIFNDEF, and CENDIF Commands 9-17
CIFDEF Command 9-17
CIFNDEF Command 9-17
CENDIF Command 9-17
CIFDEF, CIFNDEF, CENDIF Command Guidelines 9-17
CIFDEF, CIFNDEF, CENDIF Command Example 9-18
CLISTIN Command 9-19
CLISTOUT Command 9-20
COBCHECK Command 9-22
COBLEVEL Command 9-24
COBOL Command 9-25
COLUMNS Command 9-27
COMMENTS Command 9-28
CPRAGMA Command 9-30
CTOKENMAP_ASDEFINE Command 9-31
CUNDEF Command 9-34
C_DECIMAL Command 9-35
C_MATCH_HISTORIC_TAL Command 9-38
DO_PTAL_ON Command 9-40
DDL Command 9-42
DEFLIST Command 9-44
DICT Command 9-47
DICTN Command 9-49
DICTR Command 9-51
EDIT Command 9-52
ERRORS Command 9-54
EXPANDC Command 9-56
FIELDALIGN_SHARED8 Command 9-58
FILLER Command 9-59
FORCHECK Command 9-62
FORTRAN Command 9-63
FORTRANUNDERSCORE Command 9-66
FUP Command 9-66
HELP Command 9-69
LINECOUNT Command 9-69
LIST Command 9-70
NCLCONSTANT Command 9-71
NEWFUP_FILEFORMAT Command 9-73

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10. Dictionary Maintenance
NOFILEFORMAT Command 9-76
OLDFUP_FILEFORMAT Command 9-78
OUT Command 9-80
OUTPUT_SENSITIVE Command 9-81
PAGE Command 9-84
PASCAL Command 9-84
PASCALBOUND Command 9-87
PASCALCHECK Command 9-88
PASCALNAMEDVARIANT Command 9-90
REPORT Command 9-90
RESET Command 9-92
SAVE Command 9-93
SECTION Command 9-94
SETLOCALENAME Command 9-95
SETSECTION Command 9-96
SOURCE Command 9-98
SPACING Command 9-99
TACL Command 9-100
TACLGEN Command 9-103
TAL Command 9-103
TALALLOCATE Command 9-106
TALBOUND Command 9-107
TALCHECK Command 9-108
TALUNDERSCORE Command 9-110
TEDIT Command 9-110
TIMESTAMP Command 9-112
VALUES Command 9-113
WARN Command 9-115
WARNINGS Command 9-115
10. Dictionary Maintenance
Generating a Backup Schema 10-1
Adding New Dictionary Objects 10-2
Deleting Dictionary Objects 10-3
Deleting Unreferenced Objects 10-4
Deleting Referenced Objects 10-4
Modifying Dictionary Objects 10-7
Modifying Unreferenced Objects 10-8
Modifying Referenced Objects 10-9

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A. DDL Messages
Making Major Modifications 10-12
Changing Dictionary Security 10-14
Moving a Dictionary 10-14
Moving a Nonaudited Dictionary 10-15
Moving an Audited Dictionary 10-15
Purging a Dictionary 10-18
Increasing Dictionary File Size 10-19
Rebuilding a Dictionary 10-20
Rebuilding a Nonaudited Dictionary 10-20
Rebuilding an Audited Dictionary 10-21
Converting a Dictionary 10-21
A. DDL Messages
Warnings and Errors A-1
DDL Error and Warning Messages A-1
B. Sample Schemas
Sample Database Schema B-1
Host-Language Source Code B-1
Database Schema Listing B-2
Sample SPI Schema B-7
DDL Commands to Create an SPI Schema B-8
Selected ZSPIDDL Statements B-9
ASSNDDL Statements B-10
C. DDL Data Translation
D. Dictionary Database Structure
Dictionary Components D-1
Elements D-2
Text Items D-2
Dictionary Files D-3
Field Descriptions D-4
DICTCDF Fields D-5
DICTDDF Fields D-6
DICTKDF Fields D-7
DICTMAP Fields D-11
DICTOBL Fields D-12
DICTODF Fields D-28
DICTOTF Fields D-31

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E. Dictionary Reports
DICTOUF Fields D-33
DICTRDF Fields D-35
DICTTKN Fields D-41
DICTTYP Fields D-42
DICTVER Fields D-44
Definition and Record Storage in the Dictionary D-45
Dictionary Definition File D-45
Object Definition File D-46
Object Build List D-46
Object Text File D-47
Record Definition File D-47
Key Definition File D-48
Dictionary Structure Link Diagram D-48
E. Dictionary Reports
Using Enform Queries for Dictionary Reports E-1
Producing Dictionary Reports E-3
Compiling the DDL Dictionary Schema E-3
Requesting Reports E-4
F. Syntax Summary
DDL Run Command F-1
CONSTANT Statement F-1
DEFINITION Statement F-1
Field Definition F-1
Group Definition F-2
Reference Definition F-3
DELETE Statement F-3
EXIT Statement F-3
OUTPUT Statement F-4
OUTPUT UPDATE Statement F-4
RECORD Statement F-4
File-Creation Syntax F-5
Reference Record Structure Syntax F-5
Record Structure Syntax Summary F-6
Key Assignment Syntax F-6
SHOW USE OF Statement F-7
TOKEN-CODE Statement F-7
TOKEN-MAP Statement F-7
TOKEN-TYPE Statement F-8

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G. Pathmaker and DDL
DEFINITION and RECORD Statement Clauses F-8
AS Clause F-8
DISPLAY Clause F-8
EDIT-PIC Clause F-8
EXTERNAL Clause F-8
FILLER Clause F-8
HEADING Clause F-8
HELP Clause F-9
JUSTIFIED Clause F-9
KEYTAG Clause F-9
LN Clause F-9
MUST BE Clause F-9
NULL Clause F-9
OCCURS Clause F-9
OCCURS DEPENDING ON Clause F-10
PICTURE Clause F-10
REDEFINES Clause F-10
SPI-NULL Clause F-10
SQLNULLABLE Clause F-10
TACL Clause F-11
TYPE Clause F-11
UPSHIFT Clause F-12
USAGE Clause F-12
VALUE Clause F-12
66 RENAMES Clause F-12
88 Condition-Name Clause F-13
89 Enumeration Clause F-13
Compiler Commands F-14
G. Pathmaker and DDL
H. DDL Alignment Rules
C00CALIGN Alignment Rules H-1
NOC00CALIGN Alignment Rules H-2
C_MATCH_HISTORIC_TAL Alignment Rules H-3
FIELDALIGN_SHARED8 Alignment Rules H-3

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Glossary
Glossary
Index
Figures
Figure 1-1. DDL Overview 1-2
Figure 1-2. Creating a Dictionary 1-5
Figure 1-3. Creating Database Files 1-7
Figure 1-4. Generating Source Code 1-9
Figure 1-5. Maintaining a Dictionary 1-11
Figure 1-6. Examining a Dictionary 1-13
Figure D-1. Sample Dictionary Schema for a Definition and a Record D-45
Figure D-2. Main Links Among Dictionary Files D-49
Figure E-1. Creating a Dictionary for DDSCHEMA E-4
Figure E-2. Running DDQUERYS to Produce Reports E-6
Tables
Table 2-1. DDL Special Characters 2-8
Table 2-2. DDL Statement Summary 2-12
Table 4-1. Values for Different Types of Numeric Constants 4-3
Table 5-1. File Attributes That Differ in DDL and FUP 5-23
Table 6-1. Definition and Record Clauses 6-1
Table 6-2. Display Format Examples 6-5
Table 6-3. Figurative Constants 6-17
Table 6-4. Symbolic Literals 6-18
Table 6-5. Lengths of TACL Data Types 6-45
Table 7-1. Token-Definition Statements 7-2
Table 7-2. Structure of a Bit Map 7-24
Table 8-1. Dictionary Manipulation Statements 8-1
Table 9-1. DDL Compiler Commands 9-1
Table 10-1. Dictionary File Extent Sizes 10-19
Table C-1. Sample DDL/C Data Translation Table C-2
Table C-2. Sample DDL/COBOL Data Translation Table C-4
Table C-3. Sample DDL/FORTRAN Data Translation Table C-6
Table C-4. Sample DDL/Pascal Data Translation Table C-8
Table C-5. Sample DDL/TACL Data Translation Table C-10
Table C-6. Sample DDL/TAL Data Translation Table C-12
Table D-1. Text IDs Assigned to Text Items D-3
Table D-2. Dictionary Files Built for a Source Schema D-3
Table D-3. STRUCTURE Codes D-21

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Table D-4. SQL DATETIME Element Sizes D-23
Table D-5. SQL INTERVAL Element Sizes D-24
Table E-1. Summary of Dictionary Reports E-2
Table G-1. DDL Features in the Pathmaker Environment G-1

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What’s New in This Manual
Manual Information
Data Definition Language (DDL) Reference Manual
Abstract
This manual describes the DDL language syntax and the DDL dictionary database.
The audience includes application programmers and database administrators.
Product Version
DDL D40
Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs)
This publication supports G02.00 and all subsequent G-series RVUs until otherwise
indicated by its replacement publication.
Document History
New and Changed Information
•This publication has been updated to reflect new product names.
°Because the product names are changing over time, this publication might
contain both HP and Compaq product names.
°Product names in graphic representations are consistent with the current
product interface.
•The ANSICOBOL Command Description has been added to Section 9, DDL
Compiler Commands.
•The entry for PIC S9(10) COMP has been corrected in Appendix C, DDL Data
Translation.
Part Number Published
426798-002 November 2004
Part Number Product Version Published
098209 DDL D20 September 1993
105918 DDL D30 December 1994
122316 DDL D40 November 1995
426798-001 DDL D40 October 2000
426798-002 DDL D40 November 2004

What’s New in This Manual
Data Definition Language (DDL) Reference Manual—426798-002
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New and Changed Information

Data Definition Language (DDL) Reference Manual—426798-002
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About This Manual
This manual describes the Data Definition Language (DDL), an HP product for defining
data objects and for translating object definitions into source code for programming
languages and for other products on HP NonStop systems.
DDL objects include constants, field and group definitions, records, and three types of
Subsystem Programmatic Interface (SPI) objects: token codes, token maps, and
token types.
DDL can translate an object definition into source code for one or more of these HP
products:
•HP C for NonStop systems
•HP COBOL for NonStop systems (COBOL 85 standard)
•File Utility Program (FUP)
•HP FORTRAN for NonStop systems
•Network Control Language (NCL)
•HP Pascal for NonStop systems
•HP Portable Transaction Application Language (pTAL)
•HP Tandem Advanced Command Language (TACL)
•HP Transaction Application Language (TAL)
In addition, DDL can generate its own source code from object definitions in a
dictionary and produce reports on the contents of a dictionary.
Audience
This manual was written for application programmers and database administrators.
Application programmers can use DDL to add data definitions to Pathmaker catalogs,
to define data objects and translate them into host-language source code, and to
define SPI message tokens. Database administrators can use DDL to define Enscribe
and HP NonStop SQL/MP databases, to generate FUP commands for creating the
databases, and to provide file type and access information for Enform reports on the
databases.
Organization of This Manual
This manual gives an overview of DDL and some instructions for using it, as well as
syntax descriptions, usage guidelines, and examples for all DDL statements and
compiler commands.
Before using DDL, read Section 1, Introduction to DDL, for an overview of the product.
Then you need to read only the parts of this manual that explain the language features
you want to use or the tasks you want to perform. A summary of the contents of each
section and appendix follows:

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Data Definition Language (DDL) Reference Manual—426798-002
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Prerequisite Manuals
•Section 2, DDL Language Elements, describes the language elements you can use
in DDL statements and commands, and the rules for entering statements,
commands, and comments associated with statements.
•Section 3, Running the DDL Compiler, explains how to run DDL with input from a
source file and with input from an interactive terminal.
•Section 4, Named Constants, Section 5, Definitions and Records, and Section 6,
Definition Attributes, describe statements you can use to define constants, field
and group definitions, and records.
•Section 7, SPI Tokens, describes statements you can use to define token codes,
token maps, and token types.
•Section 8, Dictionary Manipulation Statements, describes statements you can use
to generate source code and reports for objects in a dictionary, to delete or modify
objects in a dictionary, and to end a DDL session.
•Section 9, DDL Compiler Commands, describes commands that you can use to
control the compilation of statements, the creation of objects in dictionaries, and
the generation of listings, reports, and host-language source code.
•Section 10, Dictionary Maintenance, explains how to maintain a DDL dictionary.
•Appendix A, DDL Messages, lists DDL error and warning messages, with brief
descriptions of the cause, the action DDL takes, and the user recovery procedure
for each message.
•Appendix B, Sample Schemas, provides a sample schema to define a database
and a sample schema to define SPI message tokens.
•Appendix C, DDL Data Translation, shows how DDL data types correspond to
host-language data types.
•Appendix D, Dictionary Database Structure, describes the structure of the DDL
dictionary database.
•Appendix E, Dictionary Reports, explains how to get standard Enform reports on a
DDL dictionary.
•Appendix F, Syntax Summary, contains the syntax of the DDL run command and
the complete syntax of DDL statements, clauses, and commands.
•Appendix G, Pathmaker and DDL, explains how the Pathmaker product interacts
with DDL.
•Appendix H, DDL Alignment Rules, describes alignment rules used by the DDL
compiler when generating C code.
Prerequisite Manuals
Before using this manual, you should be familiar with the information in the following
prerequisite manuals:

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Related Manuals
•Introduction to Tandem NonStop Systems (K-series systems only)
•Introduction to HP NonStop S-Series Servers (S-series systems only)
•Guardian User’s Guide
•Enscribe Programmer’s Guide
If you are an application programmer, these manuals are also prerequisites:
•Guardian Programmer’s Guide
•Introduction to Data Management
•The HP manuals for languages that you want DDL to translate object definitions
into.
If you plan to use DDL to define SPI tokens, these manuals are also prerequisites:
•Distributed Systems Management (DSM) Manual (D-series systems only)
•DSM Template Services Manual
Related Manuals
In addition to some of the prerequisite manuals, this manual refers to information in the
following HP manuals:
•COBOL85 for NonStop Systems Manual
•Enform Plus Reference Manual
•Event Management Service (EMS) Manual
•File Utility Program (FUP) Reference Manual
•Software Internationalization Guide
•NonStop™ SQL/MP Reference Manual
•Pathmaker Programming Guide
•Guardian Procedure Calls Reference Manual
•Guardian Procedure Errors and Messages Manual
•NonStop™ TM/MP Management Programming Manual
•TMF Management Programming Manual
Notation Conventions
Hypertext Links
Blue underline is used to indicate a hypertext link within text. By clicking a passage of
text with a blue underline, you are taken to the location described. For example:
This requirement is described under Backup DAM Volumes and Physical Disk
Drives on page 3-2.
General Syntax Notation
This list summarizes the notation conventions for syntax presentation in this manual.

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General Syntax Notation
UPPERCASE LETTERS. Uppercase letters indicate keywords and reserved words. Type
these items exactly as shown. Items not enclosed in brackets are required. For
example:
MAXATTACH
lowercase italic letters. Lowercase italic letters indicate variable items that you supply.
Items not enclosed in brackets are required. For example:
file-name
computer type. Computer type letters within text indicate C and Open System Services
(OSS) keywords and reserved words. Type these items exactly as shown. Items not
enclosed in brackets are required. For example:
myfile.c
italic computer type. Italic computer type letters within text indicate C and Open
System Services (OSS) variable items that you supply. Items not enclosed in brackets
are required. For example:
pathname
[ ] Brackets. Brackets enclose optional syntax items. For example:
TERM [\system-name.]$terminal-name
INT[ERRUPTS]
A group of items enclosed in brackets is a list from which you can choose one item or
none. The items in the list can be arranged either vertically, with aligned brackets on
each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of brackets and separated by
vertical lines. For example:
FC [ num ]
[ -num ]
[ text ]
K [ X | D ] address
{ } Braces. A group of items enclosed in braces is a list from which you are required to
choose one item. The items in the list can be arranged either vertically, with aligned
braces on each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of braces and
separated by vertical lines. For example:
LISTOPENS PROCESS { $appl-mgr-name }
{ $process-name }
ALLOWSU { ON | OFF }
| Vertical Line. A vertical line separates alternatives in a horizontal list that is enclosed in
brackets or braces. For example:
INSPECT { OFF | ON | SAVEABEND }

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General Syntax Notation
… Ellipsis. An ellipsis immediately following a pair of brackets or braces indicates that you
can repeat the enclosed sequence of syntax items any number of times. For example:
M address [ , new-value ]…
[ - ] {0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9}…
An ellipsis immediately following a single syntax item indicates that you can repeat that
syntax item any number of times. For example:
"s-char…"
Punctuation. Parentheses, commas, semicolons, and other symbols not previously
described must be typed as shown. For example:
error := NEXTFILENAME ( file-name ) ;
LISTOPENS SU $process-name.#su-name
Quotation marks around a symbol such as a bracket or brace indicate the symbol is a
required character that you must type as shown. For example:
"[" repetition-constant-list "]"
Item Spacing. Spaces shown between items are required unless one of the items is a
punctuation symbol such as a parenthesis or a comma. For example:
CALL STEPMOM ( process-id ) ;
If there is no space between two items, spaces are not permitted. In this example, no
spaces are permitted between the period and any other items:
$process-name.#su-name
Line Spacing. If the syntax of a command is too long to fit on a single line, each
continuation line is indented three spaces and is separated from the preceding line by
a blank line. This spacing distinguishes items in a continuation line from items in a
vertical list of selections. For example:
ALTER [ / OUT file-spec / ] LINE
[ , attribute-spec ]…
!i and !o. In procedure calls, the !i notation follows an input parameter (one that passes data
to the called procedure); the !o notation follows an output parameter (one that returns
data to the calling program). For example:
CALL CHECKRESIZESEGMENT ( segment-id !i
, error ) ; !o
!i,o. In procedure calls, the !i,o notation follows an input/output parameter (one that both
passes data to the called procedure and returns data to the calling program). For
example:
error := COMPRESSEDIT ( filenum ) ; !i,o

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Notation for Messages
!i:i. In procedure calls, the !i:i notation follows an input string parameter that has a
corresponding parameter specifying the length of the string in bytes. For example:
error := FILENAME_COMPARE_ ( filename1:length !i:i
, filename2:length ) ; !i:i
!o:i. In procedure calls, the !o:i notation follows an output buffer parameter that has a
corresponding input parameter specifying the maximum length of the output buffer in
bytes. For example:
error := FILE_GETINFO_ ( filenum !i
, [ filename:maxlen ] ) ; !o:i
Notation for Messages
This list summarizes the notation conventions for the presentation of displayed
messages in this manual.
Bold Text. Bold text in an example indicates user input typed at the terminal. For example:
ENTER RUN CODE
?123
CODE RECEIVED: 123.00
The user must press the Return key after typing the input.
Nonitalic text. Nonitalic letters, numbers, and punctuation indicate text that is displayed or
returned exactly as shown. For example:
Backup Up.
lowercase italic letters. Lowercase italic letters indicate variable items whose values are
displayed or returned. For example:
p-register
process-name
[ ] Brackets. Brackets enclose items that are sometimes, but not always, displayed. For
example:
Event number = number [ Subject = first-subject-value ]
A group of items enclosed in brackets is a list of all possible items that can be
displayed, of which one or none might actually be displayed. The items in the list can
be arranged either vertically, with aligned brackets on each side of the list, or
horizontally, enclosed in a pair of brackets and separated by vertical lines. For
example:
proc-name trapped [ in SQL | in SQL file system ]
{ } Braces. A group of items enclosed in braces is a list of all possible items that can be
displayed, of which one is actually displayed. The items in the list can be arranged