HP nld User manual

nld and noft Manual
Abstract
This manual explains how to use the following TNS/R native object file utilities: nld
(T6017), which links and changes object file attributes; noft (T9626), which displays
object files; ar (T8629), which creates and maintains archives of object files; and
strip (T8629), which removes unnecessary information from loadable object files
(loadfiles) in the HP NonStop™ Kernel Open System Services (OSS) environment.
Product Version
nld D44
noft D45
ar D43
strip D43
Supported Release Updates (RVUs)
This manual supports D45 and G06 and all subsequent RVUs until otherwise indicated
in a new edition.
Part Number Published
520384-003 May 2003

Document History
Part Number Product Version Published
426922-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43 November 2000
427686-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 February 2001
520384-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 July 2001
520384-002 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 February 2002
520384-003 nld D44, noft D45, ar D43, strip D43 May 2003

Hewlett-Packard Company—520384-003
i
nld and noft Manual
Glossary Index Examples Tables
What’s New in This Manual xi
Manual Information xi
New and Changed Information xii
About This Manual xv
Audience xv
Related Reading xvi
Your Comments Invited xvi
Notation Conventions xvii
1. Introduction to the Utilities
Native Object Files 1-2
nld 1-2
noft 1-4
ar 1-5
strip 1-5
2. nld Utility
Running the nld Utility in the Guardian Environment 2-1
Running the nld Utility in the OSS Environment 2-3
Running Windows nld on the PC 2-4
Components of Windows nld 2-4
Directory Structure of Windows nld 2-4
Compilers That Can Launch Windows nld 2-5
How Windows nld Differs from nld 2-5
How the ETK Command-Line and GUI Interfaces Differ 2-6
Command-Line Interface Linking Options 2-7
Changing the Target Environment 2-8
Creating Loadfiles and Linkfiles 2-8

Contents
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2. nld Utility (continued)
2. nld Utility (continued)
Linking Programs 2-9
C Programs 2-9
C++ Programs 2-10
COBOL Programs 2-12
pTAL Programs 2-13
Mixed-Language Programs 2-13
Programs With Embedded NonStop SQL/MP 2-13
Linking User Libraries 2-13
Linking Shared Run-Time Libraries (SRLs) 2-15
Specifying SRLs 2-16
Determining Which SRLs Programs Require 2-17
Linking Archive Files 2-21
Linking Floating-Point Programs 2-22
Link-Time Consistency Checking 2-23
Run-Time Consistency Checking 2-25
Linking Mixed-Language Programs 2-26
Searching for Archives and SRLs With Simple Filenames 2-27
Dynamic and Static Linking 2-28
Stripping Symbol Information 2-29
nld Compilation Rules 2-29
Case Sensitivity 2-29
Local and Shared Symbols 2-30
Declaration and Definition 2-31
3. nld Options
-allow_duplicate_procs 3-2
-allow_missing_libs 3-3
-allow_multiple_mains 3-3
-ansistreams 3-3
-bdynamic 3-3
-bstatic 3-4
-change 3-4
-e 3-5
-elf_check 3-5
-export 3-5
-fl or -obey 3-6
-import 3-6
-l or -lib 3-7

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3. nld Options (continued)
3. nld Options (continued)
-L or -libvol 3-8
-libname 3-9
-nostdfiles 3-9
-nostdlib 3-9
-noverbose 3-10
-NS_extent_size 3-10
-NS_max_extents 3-10
-o 3-11
-r 3-11
-rename 3-12
-s 3-12
-set 3-13
-stdin 3-15
-strip 3-16
-ul 3-16
-verbose 3-16
-x 3-17
-y 3-17
4. noft Utility
Running the noft Utility in the Guardian Environment 4-1
Running the noft Utility in the OSS Environment 4-3
Listing Object Files 4-4
Dumping Object Files 4-5
Controlling the noft Environment 4-5
Debugging With noft 4-7
5. noft Options
Break Key 5-3
! (Exclamation Point) 5-4
CD 5-5
COMMENT 5-5
DUMPADDRESS or DA 5-6
DUMPOFFSET or DO 5-8
DUMPPROC or DP 5-10
ENV 5-13
EXIT or E 5-13
FC 5-14

Contents
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5. noft Options (continued)
5. noft Options (continued)
FILE or F 5-15
HELP or ? 5-17
HISTORY or H 5-20
LAYOUT 5-21
LISTATTRIBUTE or LA 5-22
LISTCOMPILERS or LC 5-23
LISTOPTIMIZE or LO 5-26
LISTPROC or LP 5-27
LISTSOURCE or LS 5-29
LISTSRLEXPORTS or LLE 5-30
LISTSRLFIXUPS or LLF 5-30
LISTSRLINFO or LLI 5-31
LISTUNREFERENCED or LUR 5-32
LISTUNRESOLVED or LU 5-35
LOG 5-38
OBEY 5-39
OUT 5-39
QUIT or Q 5-40
RESET 5-41
SET 5-42
SHOW 5-47
SYSTEM or VOLUME 5-48
XREFPROC or XP 5-49
6. ar Utility
7. strip Utility
8. Native Object File Structure
Code and Data Segments 8-1
MDEBUG Section 8-2
9. Converting From Binder to nld and noft
Object File Differences 9-1
Linking Unit Differences 9-2
Comparing Binder Commands to nld Options 9-3
Comparing Binder Commands to noft Options 9-6

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10. nld Diagnostic Messages
10. nld Diagnostic Messages
General Information 10-1
Terms That Appear in nld Diagnostic Messages 10-2
Fatal Errors 10-12
Nonfatal Errors 10-61
Warnings 10-69
Informational Messages 10-77
11. noft Diagnostic Messages
Fatal Errors 11-1
Data Errors 11-4
Warnings 11-18
Syntax Errors 11-22
12. ar Diagnostic Messages
A. Sample nld and noft Session
Example Program A-1
Header Files A-2
Source Module MAINC A-3
Source Module MODULE1C A-3
Source Module MODULE2C A-5
User Library UTILC A-6
Compilation Commands A-6
nld Command Examples A-7
Program Output A-8
noft Command Examples on a Linkfile A-9
FILE A-9
LISTATTRIBUTE A-9
LISTCOMPILERS A-10
LISTPROC A-10
LISTSOURCE A-12
LISTSRLINFO A-13
LISTUNRESOLVED A-14

Contents
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A. Sample nld and noft Session (continued)
A. Sample nld and noft Session (continued)
noft Command Examples on a Loadfile A-15
FILE A-15
LISTATTRIBUTE A-16
LISTCOMPILERS A-17
LISTPROC A-17
LISTSOURCE A-18
SET SORT A-19
LISTSRLINFO A-19
LISTUNRESOLVED A-20
LISTOPTIMIZE A-21
XREFPROC A-21
DUMPPROC A-24
LISTSRLFIXUPS A-26
LISTSRLEXPORTS A-27
LISTSRLFIXUPS A-27
Glossary
Index
Examples
Example 2-1. Creating a Loadfile (Guardian) 2-2
Example 2-2. Changing the HIGHPIN Attribute (Guardian) 2-2
Example 2-3. Creating a Loadfile (OSS) 2-3
Example 2-4. Creating a User Library (OSS) 2-3
Example 2-5. Creating a Program File (OSS) 2-3
Example 2-6. Creating an Executable C Program (OSS) 2-4
Example 2-7. Running nmcobol and Launching Windows nld 2-5
Example 2-8. Running nld from the Command Prompt 2-6
Example 2-9. Creating a Program for the Guardian Environment (OSS) 2-8
Example 2-10. Creating an Executable C Program 2-10
Example 2-11. Linking a Mixed-Language Program With IEEE Floating-Point
Format 2-26
Example 2-12. Searching for ZCRTLSRL and ZCRESRL (Guardian) 2-28
Example 2-13. Searching for ZCRTLSRL and ZCRESRL (OSS) 2-28
Example 2-14. Searching for ZCOBSRL and ZCRESRL (OSS) 2-28
Example 4-1. noft Command Line 4-3
Example 4-2. Interactive noft Session Equivalent to Example 4-1 on page 4-3 4-4
Example 4-3. C Program 4-7

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Examples (continued)
Examples (continued)
Example 4-4. Optimize 0 Listing 4-8
Example 4-5. Optimize 1 Listing 4-9
Example 4-6. Optimize 2 Listing 4-10
Example 5-1. CD Option 5-5
Example 5-2. DUMPADDRESS Option 5-7
Example 5-3. DUMPOFFSET Option 5-9
Example 5-4. DUMPPROC Option 5-12
Example 5-5. Displaying Current noft Environment Settings 5-13
Example 5-6. FILE Option 5-16
Example 5-7. HELP ALL Option 5-18
Example 5-8. HELP SET HISTORYBUFFER 5-19
Example 5-9. HELP Without Options 5-19
Example 5-10. HISTORY Option 5-20
Example 5-11. LAYOUT Option 5-21
Example 5-12. LISTATTRIBUTE Option for Non-PIC Object File 5-22
Example 5-13. LISTATTRIBUTE Option for PIC Object File 5-23
Example 5-14. LISTCOMPILERS Option (BRIEF) 5-24
Example 5-15. LISTCOMPILERS Option (DETAIL) 5-24
Example 5-16. LISTOPTIMIZE Option 5-26
Example 5-17. LISTPROC Option (BRIEF) 5-28
Example 5-18. LISTPROC Option (DETAIL) 5-28
Example 5-19. LISTSOURCE Option (BRIEF) 5-29
Example 5-20. LISTSOURCE Option (DETAIL) 5-30
Example 5-21. LISTSRLINFO Option (BRIEF) 5-31
Example 5-22. LISTSRLINFO Option (DETAIL) 5-31
Example 5-23. pTAL Program for Example 5-24 and Example 5-29 5-33
Example 5-24. LISTUNREFERENCED Option for Example 5-23 pTAL
Program 5-33
Example 5-25. C Program for Example 5-26 and Example 5-30 5-34
Example 5-26. LISTREFERENCED Option for Example 5-25 C Program 5-34
Example 5-27. LISTUNRESOLVED Option (BRIEF) 5-36
Example 5-28. LISTUNRESOLVED Option (DETAIL) 5-36
Example 5-29. LISTUNRESOLVED Option for Example 5-23 pTAL Program 5-37
Example 5-30. LISTUNRESOLVED Option for Example 5-25 C Program 5-37
Example 5-31. Effect of EXCLUDE on LISTUNRESOLVED Option 5-37
Example 5-32. LOG Option 5-38
Example 5-33. OBEY Option 5-39
Example 5-34. OUT Option When “?” is Specified 5-40

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Examples (continued)
Examples (continued)
Example 5-35. Resetting Target Object File Parameters to Their Default
Values 5-41
Example 5-36. SHOW Option 5-47
Example 5-37. XREFPROC Option (BRIEF) 5-51
Example 5-38. XREFPROC Option (DETAIL) 5-51
Example 5-39. XREFPROC Option (for C Program in Example 5-25) 5-52
Example 5-40. XREFPROC Option for Non-PIC Object File With “Reference”
Indicators (CALLS and DETAIL) 5-52
Example 9-1. Linking Two Object Files in Binder and nld (Simple Case) 9-4
Example 9-2. Linking Two Object Files in Binder and nld (Less Simple Case) 9-5
Example 9-3. Setting the INSPECT Attribute in Binder and nld 9-5
Example A-1. Header File GLOBALSH With Edit Line Numbers A-2
Example A-2. Header File MODULE1H With Edit Line Numbers A-2
Example A-3. Header File MODULE2H With Edit Line Numbers A-2
Example A-4. Header File UTILH With Edit Line Number A-3
Example A-5. Source Module MAINC With Edit Line Numbers A-3
Example A-6. Source Module MODULE1C With Edit Line Numbers A-4
Example A-7. Source Module MODULE2C With Edit Line Numbers A-5
Example A-8. User Library UTILC With Edit Line Numbers A-6
Example A-9. Linking an Executable User Library A-7
Example A-10. Linking a Program File A-7
Example A-11. Sample Program Output A-8
Example A-12. FILE Option (Linkfile) A-9
Example A-13. LISTATTRIBUTE Option (Linkfile) A-9
Example A-14. LISTCOMPILERS Option (Linkfile) A-10
Example A-15. LISTPROC Option (Linkfile) A-11
Example A-16. LISTSOURCE Option (Linkfile) A-12
Example A-17. LISTSRLINFO Option (Linkfile) A-13
Example A-18. LISTUNRESOLVED Option (Linkfile) A-14
Example A-19. FILE Option (Loadfile) A-15
Example A-20. LISTATTRIBUTE Option (Loadfile) A-16
Example A-21. LISTCOMPILERS Option (Loadfile) A-17
Example A-22. LISTPROC Option (Loadfile) A-17
Example A-23. LISTSOURCE Option (Loadfile) A-18
Example A-24. Effect of SET SORT on LISTPROC and LISTSOURCE A-19
Example A-25. LISTSRLINFO Option (Loadfile) A-19
Example A-26. LISTUNRESOLVED Option (Loadfile) A-20
Example A-27. LISTOPTIMIZE Option (Loadfile) A-21

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Examples (continued)
Examples (continued)
Example A-28. Effect of SET SCOPESOURCE on LISTOPTIMIZE Option A-21
Example A-29. Effect of SET SCOPESOURCE on XREFPROC Option A-21
Example A-30. Effect of RESET SCOPESOURCE on XREFPROC Option A-22
Example A-31. XREFPROC Option (Loadfile) A-23
Example A-32. DUMPPROC Option A-24
Example A-33. Effect of SET FORMAT INNERLIST on DUMPPROC Option A-25
Example A-34. LISTSRLFIXUP Option A-26
Example A-35. LISTSRLEXPORTS Option A-27
Example A-36. LISTSRLFIXUP (LLF) Option A-27
Tables
Table 2-1. Using the Guardian nld Utility to Link SRLs 2-17
Table 2-2. Using the OSS nld Utility to Link SRLs 2-19
Table 2-3. Floating-Point Consistency Check by nld Utility
(floattype Not Specified) 2-23
Table 2-4. Floating-Point Type Consistency Check by nld
(floattype Specified) 2-24
Table 2-5. Incompatible Program File and User Library floattypes (TNS) 2-25
Table 2-6. Local and Shared Symbols by Language 2-30
Table 2-7. Declarations and Definitions by Language 2-31
Table 3-1. nld Flag Summary 3-1
Table 3-2. Descriptions of Run-Time Attributes 3-13
Table 3-3. Default Run-Time Attribute Values 3-15
Table 4-1. noft Listing Options 4-4
Table 4-2. noft Dumping Options 4-5
Table 4-3. noft Control Options 4-5
Table 5-1. noft Flag Summary 5-1
Table 7-1. Unnecessary Information in Loadfiles 7-1
Table 8-1. Loadfile Segments and Sections 8-1
Table 8-2. MDEBUG Section Tables 8-2
Table 9-1. Corresponding Binder Tasks and Native Utilities 9-1
Table 9-2. Comparing Binder Commands to nld Options 9-3
Table 9-3. Comparing Binder with noft 9-6
Table 10-1. Comparison of nld Diagnostic Types 10-1
Table 10-2. Warning and Informational Message Defaults 10-1

Contents
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nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xi
What’s New in This Manual
Manual Information
nld and noft Manual
Abstract
This manual explains how to use the following TNS/R native object file utilities: nld
(T6017), which links and changes object file attributes; noft (T9626), which displays
object files; ar (T8629), which creates and maintains archives of object files; and
strip (T8629), which removes unnecessary information from loadable object files
(loadfiles) in the HP NonStop™ Kernel Open System Services (OSS) environment.
Product Version
nld D44
noft D45
ar D43
strip D43
Supported Release Updates (RVUs)
This manual supports D45 and G06 and all subsequent RVUs until otherwise indicated
in a new edition.
Document History
Part Number Published
520384-003 May 2003
Part Number Product Version Published
426922-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43 November 2000
427686-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 February 2001
520384-001 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 July 2001
520384-002 nld D44, noft D42, ar D43, strip D43 February 2002
520384-003 nld D44, noft D45, ar D43, strip D43 May 2003

What’s New in This Manual
nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xii
New and Changed Information
New and Changed Information
•nld Utility on page xii
•noft Utility on page xii
•Miscellaneous on page xiii
nld Utility
New information in:
•Native Object Files on page 1-2
•nld on page 1-2
•Running Windows nld on the PC on page 2-4
•C Programs on page 2-9
•C++ Programs on page 2-10
•Table 2-1, Using the Guardian nld Utility to Link SRLs, on page 2-17
•Table 2-2, Using the OSS nld Utility to Link SRLs, on page 2-19
•-e on page 3-5
•Table 3-2, Descriptions of Run-Time Attributes, on page 3-13
•Table 3-3, Default Run-Time Attribute Values, on page 3-15
•Fatal Errors on page 10-12:
°1306
°1307
•Nonfatal Errors on page 10-61:
°2022
°2041
°2042
•Warnings on page 10-69:
°10043
°10044
noft Utility
•Changes to Section 5, noft Options:
°The option LISTUNRESOLVED or LU on page 5-35 has a new option,
EXCLUDE or E, which excludes system-supplied functions
°Correction of the syntax of SET on page 5-42

What’s New in This Manual
nld and noft Manual—520384-003
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Miscellaneous
°The option XREFPROC or XP on page 5-49 can now identify reference
parameters in a non-PIC target file
°The following examples have been changed or added to reflect support for
Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs):
°Example 5-11, LAYOUT Option, on page 5-21 (changed)
°Example 5-12, LISTATTRIBUTE Option for Non-PIC Object File, on
page 5-22 (changed)
°Example 5-13, LISTATTRIBUTE Option for PIC Object File, on page 5-23
(added)
°Example 5-31, Effect of EXCLUDE on LISTUNRESOLVED Option, on
page 5-37 (changed)
°Example 5-40, XREFPROC Option for Non-PIC Object File With
“Reference” Indicators (CALLS and DETAIL), on page 5-52 (added)
•Changes to Section 11, noft Diagnostic Messages:
°New data errors:
°1006
°1007
°1065
°Changed data error 1007
°New warnings:
°2013
°2014
°2015
°2016
•In Appendix A, Sample nld and noft Session, the examples have been rerun on the
newest software
Miscellaneous
•New glossary items:
°dynamic-link library (DLL)
°PIC (position-independent code)
°shared code
•Changes to Section A, Sample nld and noft Session, indicated by change bars
•Miscellaneous minor changes, indicated by change bars

What’s New in This Manual
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Miscellaneous

nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xv
About This Manual
This manual explains how to use the following TNS/R native object file utilities:
•nld, which links and changes object file attributes
•noft, which displays object files
•ar, which creates and maintains archives of object files
•strip, which removes unnecessary information from loadable object files
(loadfiles) in the HP NonStop™ Kernel Open System Services (OSS) environment
Subsections:
•Audience on page xv
•Related Reading on page xvi
•Your Comments Invited on page xvi
•Notation Conventions on page xvii
Audience
This manual is intended for systems programmers and application programmers who
are familiar with the following:
•HP NonStop™ servers
•NonStop Kernel operating system
•Reference manuals and programmer’s guides for the languages in which programs
are written (C/C++, COBOL, and pTAL—see Related Reading on page xvi)

About This Manual
nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xvi
Related Reading
Related Reading
•C/C++ Programmer’s Guide
•COBOL85 for NonStop Systems Manual
•DLL Programmer’s Guide for TNS/R Systems
•Guardian Procedure Calls Reference Manual
•Guardian Procedure Errors and Messages Manual
•Guardian Programmer’s Guide
•Guardian User’s Guide
•Inspect Manual
•ld and rld Reference Manual
•Open System Services Programmer’s Guide
•Open System Services User’s Guide
•Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manual
•pTAL Conversion Guide
•pTAL Reference Manual
•TACL Reference Manual
•TNS/R Native Application Migration Guide
•Using the Command-Line Cross Compilers on Windows
Your Comments Invited
After using this manual, please take a moment to send us your comments. You can do
this by:
•Completing the online Contact NonStop Publications form if you have Internet
access.
•Faxing or mailing the form, which is included as a separate file in Total Information
Manager (TIM) collections and located at the back of printed manuals. Our fax
number and mailing address are included on the form.
•Sending an e-mail message to the address included on the form. We will
immediately acknowledge receipt of your message and send you a detailed
response as soon as possible. Be sure to include your name, company name,
address, and phone number in your message. If your comments are specific to a
particular manual, also include the part number and title of the manual.
Many of the improvements you see in manuals are a result of suggestions from our
customers. Please take this opportunity to help us improve future manuals.

About This Manual
nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xvii
Notation Conventions
Notation Conventions
•Hypertext Links on page xvii
•General Syntax Notation on page -xvii
•Example Notation on page xix
•Change Bar Notation on page xix
Hypertext Links
Blue underline is used to indicate a hypertext link within text. By clicking a passage of
text with a blue underline, you are taken to the location described. For example:
This requirement is described under Backup DAM Volumes and Physical Disk
Drives on page 3-2.
General Syntax Notation
The following list summarizes the notation conventions for syntax presentation in this
manual.
UPPERCASE LETTERS. Uppercase letters indicate keywords and reserved words; enter
these items exactly as shown. Items not enclosed in brackets are required. For
example:
MAXATTACH
lowercase italic letters. Lowercase italic letters indicate variable items that you supply.
Items not enclosed in brackets are required. For example:
file-name
[ ] Brackets. Brackets enclose optional syntax items. For example:
TERM [\system-name.]$terminal-name
INT[ERRUPTS]
A group of items enclosed in brackets is a list from which you can choose one item or
none. The items in the list may be arranged either vertically, with aligned brackets on
each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of brackets and separated by
vertical lines. For example:
LIGHTS [ ON ]
[ OFF ]
[ SMOOTH [ num ] ]
K [ X | D ] address-1

About This Manual
nld and noft Manual—520384-003
xviii
General Syntax Notation
{ } Braces. A group of items enclosed in braces is a list from which you are required to
choose one item. The items in the list may be arranged either vertically, with aligned
braces on each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of braces and
separated by vertical lines. For example:
LISTOPENS PROCESS { $appl-mgr-name }
{ $process-name }
ALLOWSU { ON | OFF }
| Vertical Line. A vertical line separates alternatives in a horizontal list that is enclosed in
brackets or braces. For example:
INSPECT { OFF | ON | SAVEABEND }
… Ellipsis. An ellipsis immediately following a pair of brackets or braces indicates that you
can repeat the enclosed sequence of syntax items any number of times. For example:
M address-1 [ , new-value ]...
[ - ] {0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9}...
An ellipsis immediately following a single syntax item indicates that you can repeat that
syntax item any number of times. For example:
"s-char..."
Punctuation. Parentheses, commas, semicolons, and other symbols not previously
described must be entered as shown. For example:
error := NEXTFILENAME ( file-name ) ;
LISTOPENS SU $process-name.#su-name
Quotation marks around a symbol such as a bracket or brace indicate the symbol is a
required character that you must enter as shown. For example:
"[" repetition-constant-list "]"
Item Spacing. Spaces shown between items are required unless one of the items is a
punctuation symbol such as a parenthesis or a comma. For example:
CALL STEPMOM ( process-id ) ;
If there is no space between two items, spaces are not permitted. In the following
example, there are no spaces permitted between the period and any other items:
$process-name.#su-name