HP 12500 Series User manual
HP 12500 Routing Switch Series
Fundamentals
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-3407
Software version: 12500-CMW710-R7128
Document version: 6W710-20121130
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The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
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AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained
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herein.
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Contents
Using the CLI ································································································································································ 1
CLI views ············································································································································································1
Entering system view from user view······················································································································2
Returning to the upper-level view from any view ··································································································2
Returning to user view··············································································································································3
Accessing the CLI online help··········································································································································3
Using the undo form of a command ·······························································································································4
Entering a command·························································································································································4
Editing a command line···········································································································································4
Entering a string or text type value for an argument ····························································································5
Abbreviating commands··········································································································································5
Configuring and using command keyword aliases······························································································5
Configuring and using command hotkeys·············································································································6
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands ···············································································7
Understanding command-line error messages···············································································································7
Using the command history function ·······························································································································8
Controlling the CLI output·················································································································································8
Pausing between screens of output ························································································································9
Numbering each output line from a display command ·······················································································9
Filtering the output from a display command····································································································· 10
Saving the output from a display command to a file ························································································ 12
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively························································ 13
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 14
Configuring RBAC······················································································································································15
Overview········································································································································································· 15
Permission assignment ·········································································································································· 15
Assigning user roles ·············································································································································· 17
Configuration task list ···················································································································································· 17
Creating user roles························································································································································· 18
Configuring user role rules············································································································································ 18
Configuring feature groups··········································································································································· 19
Changing resource access policies······························································································································ 20
Changing the interface policy of a user role······································································································ 20
Changing the VLAN policy of a user role ·········································································································· 20
Changing the VPN instance policy of a user role ····························································································· 20
Assigning user roles······················································································································································· 21
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users ················································································ 21
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users···················································································· 21
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user interfaces······················································· 22
Configuring user role switching···································································································································· 23
Configuration guidelines ······································································································································ 23
Configuring user role switching authentication·································································································· 24
Switching the user role·········································································································································· 24
Displaying RBAC settings ·············································································································································· 25
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users············································································ 25
Network requirements··········································································································································· 25
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 25
Verifying the configuration··································································································································· 26
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RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users ················································································ 27
Network requirements··········································································································································· 27
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 28
Verifying the configuration··································································································································· 29
RBAC configuration example for HWTACACS authentication users ······································································· 30
Network requirements··········································································································································· 30
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 30
Verifying the configuration··································································································································· 32
Troubleshooting RBAC··················································································································································· 33
Local users have more access permissions than intended ················································································ 33
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail ······································································································ 34
Login overview ···························································································································································35
Logging in through the console port for the first device access··············································································37
Logging in to the CLI··················································································································································40
CLI overview ··································································································································································· 40
CLI user interfaces ················································································································································· 40
Login authentication modes·································································································································· 41
User roles ······························································································································································· 41
Logging in through the console/AUX port locally ······································································································ 42
Configuring none authentication for console/AUX login ················································································· 42
Configuring password authentication for console/AUX login ········································································· 43
Configuring scheme authentication for console/AUX login ············································································· 44
Configuring common console/AUX user interface settings ·············································································· 45
Logging in through Telnet·············································································································································· 47
Configuring Telnet login on the device··············································································································· 47
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server ······································································································ 51
Logging in through SSH ················································································································································ 52
Configuring SSH login on the device·················································································································· 52
Using the device to log in to an SSH server······································································································· 53
Displaying and maintaining CLI login ························································································································· 53
Accessing the device through SNMP ·······················································································································55
Configuring SNMPv3 access········································································································································ 55
Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c access················································································································· 56
Controlling user access··············································································································································57
Controlling Telnet/SSH logins ······································································································································ 57
Configuration procedures····································································································································· 57
Configuration example ········································································································································· 57
Controlling SNMP access·············································································································································· 58
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 58
Configuration example ········································································································································· 59
Configuring command authorization··························································································································· 60
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 60
Configuration example ········································································································································· 60
Configuring command accounting······························································································································· 62
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 62
Configuration example ········································································································································· 62
Configuring FTP··························································································································································64
Using the device as an FTP server································································································································ 64
Configuring basic parameters ····························································································································· 64
Configuring authentication and authorization ··································································································· 65
Manually releasing FTP connections ··················································································································· 65
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Displaying and maintaining the FTP server ········································································································ 65
FTP server configuration example in standalone mode····················································································· 65
FTP server configuration example in IRF mode ·································································································· 67
Using the device as an FTP client ································································································································· 68
Establishing an FTP connection···························································································································· 68
Managing directories on the FTP server ············································································································· 70
Working with files on the FTP server··················································································································· 70
Switching to another user account ······················································································································ 71
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection ······················································································· 71
Terminating the FTP connection ··························································································································· 72
Displaying command help information··············································································································· 72
Displaying and maintaining FTP client························································································································· 72
FTP client configuration example in standalone mode······························································································· 72
FTP client configuration example in IRF mode ············································································································ 74
Configuring TFTP························································································································································76
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client ············································································································ 76
Configuring the device as an IPv6 TFTP client ············································································································ 76
Managing the file system ··········································································································································78
Storage medium naming rules······································································································································ 78
File name formats··························································································································································· 78
Managing files ······························································································································································· 80
Displaying file information ··································································································································· 80
Displaying the contents of a text file ··················································································································· 80
Renaming a file······················································································································································ 81
Copying a file························································································································································ 81
Moving a file·························································································································································· 81
Compressing/decompressing a file ···················································································································· 81
Deleting/restoring a file ······································································································································· 81
Deleting files from the recycle bin ······················································································································· 82
Managing directories ···················································································································································· 82
Displaying directory information ························································································································· 82
Displaying the current working directory············································································································ 83
Changing the current working directory············································································································· 83
Creating a directory·············································································································································· 83
Removing a directory············································································································································ 83
Managing storage media ············································································································································· 83
Repairing a storage medium································································································································ 84
Formatting a storage medium ······························································································································ 84
Mounting or unmounting a storage medium ······································································································ 84
Partitioning a CF card or a USB disk ·················································································································· 85
Setting the operation mode for files and folders ········································································································ 86
Managing configuration files····································································································································87
Overview········································································································································································· 87
Configuration types··············································································································································· 87
Next-startup configuration file redundancy ········································································································ 87
Configuration file formats····································································································································· 88
Startup configuration file selection ······················································································································ 88
Configuration file content organization and format ·························································································· 88
Enabling configuration encryption ······························································································································· 89
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 89
Converting a Comware V5 configuration file to a Comware V7 configuration file··············································· 90
Configuring configuration rollback ······························································································································ 90
Configuration task list ··········································································································································· 90
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Configuring configuration archive parameters ·································································································· 91
Enabling automatic configuration archiving······································································································· 92
Manually archiving the running configuration ··································································································· 93
Performing a configuration rollback···················································································································· 93
Specifying a next-startup configuration file ················································································································· 94
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server ······································································· 94
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server ······································································ 95
Deleting a next-startup configuration file ····················································································································· 95
Displaying and maintaining configuration files ·········································································································· 96
Upgrading software···················································································································································97
Overview········································································································································································· 97
Software types ······················································································································································· 97
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure ····················································································· 97
System startup process·········································································································································· 98
Upgrade methods ·························································································································································· 99
Non-ISSU upgrade procedure summary····················································································································100
Preparing for the upgrade ··········································································································································100
Preloading the BootWare image to BootWare ········································································································100
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade ··············································································101
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade (in IRF mode) ······················································102
Upgrading MBUS daughter card software ···············································································································104
Upgrading CPLDs·························································································································································104
Upgrading or repairing the power software on an interface card·········································································105
Upgrading the power monitor software ····················································································································106
Upgrading fan monitor software································································································································107
Enabling software synchronization from the active MPU to the standby MPU at startup ····································107
Displaying and maintaining software image settings ······························································································108
Non-ISSU software upgrade example (for standalone mode) ················································································108
Network requirements·········································································································································108
Configuration procedure ····································································································································109
Non-ISSU software upgrade example (for IRF mode) ······························································································109
Network requirements·········································································································································109
Configuration procedure ····································································································································110
ISSU overview ························································································································································· 112
ISSU methods································································································································································112
ISSU command series ··················································································································································113
ISSU prerequisites ························································································································································114
ISSU restrictions and guidelines ·································································································································114
Performing an ISSU by using issu series commands ···························································································· 116
Performing an ISSU in standalone mode···················································································································116
Performing an ISSU for a dual-MPU device······································································································116
Performing an ISSU for a single-MPU device ···································································································117
Performing an ISSU in IRF mode ································································································································118
Performing an ISSU for a multi-member IRF fabric···························································································118
Performing an ISSU for a single-member, dual-MPU IRF fabric······································································120
Performing an ISSU for a single-member, single-MPU IRF fabric ···································································122
Displaying and maintaining ISSU ······························································································································123
ISSU examples for using issu series commands (in standalone mode) ··································································125
HTTP feature upgrade to a compatible version································································································125
HTTP feature upgrade to an incompatible version ··························································································127
HTTP feature rollback example ··························································································································129
ISSU examples for using issu series commands (in IRF mode) ················································································132
HTTP feature upgrade to a compatible version································································································132
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HTTP feature upgrade to an incompatible version ··························································································136
HTTP feature rollback example ··························································································································139
Performing an ISSU by using install series commands························································································· 144
Performing an ISSU······················································································································································144
Obtaining the software images issued in an IPE file ·······················································································144
Installing or upgrading software images ··········································································································144
Uninstalling feature or patch images ················································································································145
Rolling back the software configuration ····················································································································146
Aborting a software image operation ·······················································································································147
Verifying the software change confirmation status and software image integrity and consistency····················147
Removing inactive software images···························································································································147
Displaying and maintaining ISSU ······························································································································148
ISSU examples for using install series commands (in standalone mode)·······························································149
HTTP feature upgrade example ·························································································································149
HTTP feature rollback example ··························································································································152
ISSU examples for using install series commands (in IRF mode) ············································································153
HTTP feature upgrade example ·························································································································153
HTTP feature rollback example ··························································································································157
Using the emergency shell······································································································································ 160
Managing the file system ············································································································································160
Obtaining a system image from an FTP/TFTP server ·······························································································161
Configuring the management Ethernet port······································································································161
Checking the connectivity to a server ···············································································································162
Accessing the server············································································································································162
Loading the system image···········································································································································163
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································163
Displaying device information in emergency shell mode ························································································163
Emergency shell usage example ································································································································164
Network requirements·········································································································································164
Usage procedure·················································································································································164
Automatic configuration ········································································································································· 167
Understanding automatic configuration ····················································································································167
Overall automatic configuration process··········································································································167
Automatic-configuration parameter acquisition process ·················································································169
Configuration file acquisition process···············································································································170
Deploying and configuring servers for automatic configuration·············································································171
DHCP server configuration guidelines ··············································································································172
TFTP server configuration guidelines ·················································································································172
Managing the device·············································································································································· 173
Configuring the device name ·····································································································································173
Setting the system time·················································································································································173
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ············································································································174
Configuring banners····················································································································································174
Banner types ························································································································································174
Banner input modes ············································································································································174
Configuration procedure ····································································································································175
Changing the brand name of an MPU ······················································································································176
Setting the operating mode·········································································································································176
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································177
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································177
Configuration procedure ····································································································································178
Scheduling a task·························································································································································178
vi
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································178
Configuration procedure ····································································································································178
Schedule configuration example ·······················································································································180
Performing power supply management·····················································································································183
Enabling power supply management················································································································183
Powering on/off a card······································································································································184
Re-assigning IDs to AC power supplies ············································································································185
Setting the port status detection timer ························································································································187
Setting memory usage thresholds·······························································································································187
Configuring the temperature alarm thresholds··········································································································189
Disabling all USB interfaces········································································································································189
Isolating a card ····························································································································································190
Isolation guidelines··············································································································································190
Isolation procedure ·············································································································································190
Configuring hardware failure detection and protection ··························································································191
Specifying the actions to be taken for hardware failures ···············································································191
Enabling hardware failure protection for interfaces························································································191
Enabling hardware failure protection for aggregation groups ······································································191
Enabling data forwarding path failure detection ·····································································································193
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules ········································································································193
Verifying transceiver modules ····························································································································193
Diagnosing transceiver modules························································································································193
Disabling alarm traps for transceiver modules·································································································194
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration ············································································194
Configuring MDCs·················································································································································· 197
Overview·······································································································································································197
MDC benefits ·······················································································································································197
MDC applications ···············································································································································197
Default MDC and non-default MDCs ················································································································198
MDC configuration task list·········································································································································198
Creating an MDC ························································································································································199
Assigning hardware resources to an MDC···············································································································199
Authorizing an MDC to use an interface card·································································································199
Assigning physical interfaces to an MDC·········································································································200
Specifying a CPU weight for an MDC··············································································································201
Specifying a disk space percentage for an MDC ···························································································202
Specifying a memory space percentage for an MDC·····················································································202
Starting an MDC ··························································································································································203
Accessing and managing an MDC····························································································································203
Displaying and maintaining MDCs····························································································································203
MDC configuration example (in standalone mode) ·································································································204
MDC configuration example (in IRF mode)···············································································································207
Configuring Tcl························································································································································ 212
Restrictions and benefits ··············································································································································212
Entering Tcl configuration view from user view ········································································································212
Returning from Tcl configuration view to user view··································································································212
Index ········································································································································································ 213
1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and monitor
your device.
Figure 1 CLI example
You can log in to the CLI in a variety of ways. For example, you can log in through the console port, or
by using Telnet or SSH. For more information about login methods, see "Login overview."
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by function. To use a command, you must enter its view.
CLI views are hierarchically organized, as shown in Figure 2. Each view has a unique prompt, from which
you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt [Sysname-vlan100]
shows that you are in VLAN 100 view and can configure attributes for that VLAN.
2
Figure 2 CLI views
You are placed in user view immediately after you are logged in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where Device-name indicates the device name, defaults to Sysname, and can be
changed by using the sysname command. In user view, you can perform basic operations including
display, debug, file management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting, and reboot.
From user view, you can enter system view to configure global settings (such as the daylight saving time,
banners, and hotkeys) and some functions. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
From system view, you can enter different function views. For example, you can enter interface view to
configure interface parameters, enter VLAN view to add ports to the specific VLAN, enter user interface
view to configure login user attributes, or create a local user and enter local user view to configure
attributes for the local user. A function view might have child views. For example, in BGP view, there are
IPv4 unicast instance view and BGP-VPN IPv4 unicast instance view.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
Entering system view from user view
Task Command
Enter system view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
……
3
Returning to user view
You can return directly to user view from any other view by using the return command or pressing Ctrl+Z,
instead of using the quit command multiple times.
To return directly to user view from any other view:
Task Command
Return directly to user view. return
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. You can enter a question mark at any prompt or in any position
of a command to display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
•Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keyword of every command available in
the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Archive configuration
backup Backup the startup configuration file to a TFTP server
boot-loader Set boot loader
…
•Enter a space and a question mark after a command keyword to display all available, subsequent
keywords and arguments.
{If the question mark is in the place of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords, each
with a brief description. For example:
<Sysname> terminal ?
debugging Enable to display debugging logs on the current terminal
logging Display logs on the current terminal
monitor Enable to display logs on the current terminal
{If the question mark is in the place of an argument, the CLI displays the description of the
argument. For example:
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> Vlan-interface interface number
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
<1-4094> is the value range for the argument. <cr> indicates that the command is complete
and you can press Enter to execute the command.
•Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with that string. For example:
<Sysname> f?
fdisk
fixdisk
4
format
free
ftp
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp
ftp-server
ftp-user
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for canceling a configuration, restoring the default, or
disabling a feature. For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center, and
the undo info-center enable command disables the information center.
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can use keys or hotkeys to edit the command line, or use abbreviated
keywords or keyword aliases.
Editing a command line
To edit a command line, use the keys listed in Table 1 or the hotkeys listed in Table 2. When you are
finished, you can press Enter to execute the command.
Table 1 Command line editing keys
Ke
y
s Function
Common keys
If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts a character at the
position of the cursor and moves the cursor to the right. The edit buffer can
store up to 511 characters. Unless the buffer is full, all common characters
that you enter before pressing Enter are saved in the edit buffer.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back one
character.
Left arrow key (←) Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key (→) Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Up arrow key (↑) Gets the previous history command.
Down arrow key (↓) Gets the next history command.
Tab
If you press Tab after entering part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword:
•If a unique match is found, the system substitutes the complete keyword for
the incomplete one and displays what you entered in the next line.
•If there is more than one match, press Tab multiple times to pick the
keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
5
Entering a string or text type value for an argument
Generally, a string type argument value can contain any printable character (in the ASCII code range of
32 to 126) other than the question mark (?), quotation mark ("), backward slash (\), and space, and a
text type argument value can contain any printable character other than the question mark. However, a
specific argument might have more requirements. For more information about the specific requirements
for an argument, see the relevant command reference.
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter the command system-view, you only need to type sy. To
enter the command startup saved-configuration, type st s.
You can also press Tab to complete an incomplete keyword.
Configuring and using command keyword aliases
The command keyword alias function allows you to replace the first keyword of a non-undo command or
the second keyword of an undo command with your preferred keyword when you execute the command.
For example, if you configure show as the alias for the display keyword, you can enter either show clock
or display clock to execute the display clock command.
Usage guidelines
•After you successfully execute a command by using a keyword alias, the system saves the keyword,
instead of its alias, to the running configuration.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches an alias and a keyword, the command
indicated by the alias is executed. To execute the command indicated by the keyword, enter the
complete keyword.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches multiple aliases, the system displays an
error message.
•If you enter a string that partially matches an alias and a keyword and press Tab, the keyword
indicated by the alias is displayed. Pressing Tab again displays the keyword.
Configuration procedure
To configure a command keyword alias:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the command keyword
alias function. command-alias enable By default, the command keyword
alias function is disabled.
3. Configure a command
keyword alias.
command-alias mapping
cmdkey alias
By default, no command keyword
alias is configured.
You must enter the cmdkey and alias
arguments in their complete form.
4. (Optional.) Display command
keyword alias information. display command-alias This command is available in any
view.
6
Configuring and using command hotkeys
To facilitate CLI operation, the system defines the hotkeys shown in Table 2 and provides five configurable
command hotkeys. Pressing a command hotkey is the same as entering a command.
If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software that you are using to interact with the device, the
definition of the terminal software takes effect.
To configure a command hotkey:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Assign a command
to a hotkey.
hotkey { ctrl_g | ctrl_l | ctrl_o |
ctrl_t | ctrl_u } command
By default:
•Ctrl+G is assigned the display
current-configuration command.
•Ctrl+L is assigned the display ip
routing-table command.
•Ctrl+O is assigned the undo debugging all
command.
•No command is assigned to Ctrl+T or
Ctrl+U.
3. (Optional.) Display
hotkeys. display hotkey Available in any view.
Table 2 System-reserved hotkeys
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Ctrl+C Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of a line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+N Displays the next command in the command history buffer.
Ctrl+P Displays the previous command in the command history buffer.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+V Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all characters to the right of the cursor.
Ctrl+Z Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates the current connection.
7
Hotke
y
Function
Esc+B Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Esc+F Moves the cursor forward one word.
Esc+N Moves the cursor down one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
Esc+P Moves the cursor up one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
Esc+< Moves the cursor to the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> Moves the cursor to the ending of the clipboard.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
After you enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands, when your input is interrupted by
system information output, the system redisplays your input after finishing the output so you can continue
entering the command line.
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-submit
ted commands.
info-center synchronous
By default, the system does not redisplay
entered-but-not-submitted commands.
For more information about this command, see
Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
After you press Enter to submit a command, the command line interpreter first examines the command
syntax. If the command passes syntax check, the CLI executes the command. If not, the CLI displays an
error message.
Table 3 Common command-line error messages
Error messa
g
e Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than one
command.
% Too many parameters found at '^' position. The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
8
Using the command history function
The system automatically saves commands successfully executed by a login user to two command history
buffers: the command history buffer for the user interface and the command history buffer for all user
interfaces. Table 4 compares these two types of command history buffers.
Table 4 Comparison between the two types of command history buffers
Item Command history buffer for a user
interface
Command history buffer for all
user interfaces
What kind of
commands are stored
in the buffer?
Commands successfully executed by the
current user of the user interface.
Commands successfully executed by
all login users.
Cleared when the user
logs out? Yes. No.
How to view buffered
commands? Use the display history-command command.
Use the display history-command all
command.
How to call buffered
commands?
•In Windows 200x or Windows XP
HyperTerminal or Telnet, use the up or
down arrow key (↑or ↓) to navigate to a
command in the buffer and press Enter to
execute the command again.
•In Windows 9x HyperTerminal, use Ctrl+P
and Ctrl+N to do so.
You cannot call buffered commands.
How to set the buffer
size?
Use the history-command max-size
size-value command in user interface view to
set the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to 10
commands.
You cannot set the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to
1024 commands.
How to disable the
buffer? Setting the buffer size to 0 disables the buffer.
You cannot disable the buffer.
The system follows these rules when buffering commands:
•Buffering a command in the exact format in which the command was entered. For example, if you
enter an incomplete command, the buffered command is also incomplete. If you enter a command
with a command keyword alias, the buffered command also uses the alias.
•If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the
command only once. If you enter a command multiple times in different formats, the system buffers
each command format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration are buffered as
two entries but successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry.
•To buffer a new command when a buffer is full, the system deletes the oldest command entry in the
buffer.
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you quickly identify the desired output.
9
Pausing between screens of output
If the output being displayed is more than will fit on one screen, the system automatically pauses after
displaying a screen. You can use the keys described in "Output controlling keys" to display more
information or stop the display.
By default, up to 24 lines can be displayed on a screen. You can change the maximum number of lines
that can be displayed on a screen by using the screen-length screen-length command. For more
information about this command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.
You can also disable pausing between screens of output for the current session. Then, all output is
displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the last screen is displayed.
Output controlling keys
Ke
y
s Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
Disabling pausing between screens of output
To disable pausing between screens of output, execute the following command in user view:
Task Command Remarks
Disable pausing
between screens of
output for the current
session.
screen-length disable
The default for a session depends on the setting of the
screen-length command in user interface view. The default of
the screen-length command is pausing between screens of
output and displaying up to 24 lines on a screen.
This command is a one-time command and takes effect only
for the current session.
Numbering each output line from a display command
You can use the | by-linenum option to prefix each display command output line with a number for easy
identification.
To number each output line from a display command:
Task Command
Number each output line from a display command. display command |by-linenum
For example:
# Display information about VLAN 100, numbering each output line.
<Sysname> display vlan 100 | by-linenum
1: VLAN ID: 100
10
2: VLAN type: Static
3: Route interface: Configured
4: IP address: 10.1.1.125
5: Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
6: Description: VLAN 0100
7: Name: VLAN 0100
8: Tagged ports: None
9: Untagged ports:
10: GigabitEthernet7/0/1
11:
Filtering the output from a display command
You can use the | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression option to filter the display command
output:
•begin—Displays the first line matching the specified regular expression and all subsequent lines.
•exclude—Displays all lines not matching the specified regular expression.
•include—Displays all lines matching the specified regular expression.
•regular-expression—A case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters, which can contain the special
characters described in Table 5.
Table 5 Special characters supportedin a regular expression
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
^ Matches the beginning of a line. "^user" matches all lines beginning with "user". A
line beginning with "Auser" is not matched.
$ Matches the end of a line. "user$" matches all lines ending with "user". A line
ending with "userA" is not matched.
. (period) Matches any single character. ".s" matches "as" and "bs".
* Matches the preceding character or
string zero, one, or multiple times.
"zo*" matches "z" and "zoo", and "(zo)*" matches
"zo" and "zozo".
+ Matches the preceding character or
string one or multiple times. "zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but not "z".
| Matches the preceding or succeeding
string. "def|int" matches a string containing "def" or "int".
( )
Matches the string in the parentheses,
usually used together with the plus sign
(+) or asterisk sigh (*).
"(123A)" matches "123A".
"408(12)+" matches "40812" and "408121212",
but not "408".
\N
Matches the preceding strings in
parentheses, with the Nth string
repeated once.
"(string)\1" matches a string containing
"stringstring".
"(string1)(string2)\2" matches a string containing
"string1string2string2".
"(string1)(string2)\1\2" matches a string
containing " string1string2string1string2".
11
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
[ ] Matches a single character in the
brackets.
"[16A]" matches a string containing 1, 6, or A;
"[1-36A]" matches a string containing 1, 2, 3, 6, or
A (- is a hyphen).
To match the character "]", put it immediately after
"[", for example, []abc]. There is no such limit on
"[".
[^] Matches a single character not in the
brackets.
"[^16A]" matches a string that contains at least one
character other than 1, 6, or A, such as "abc". A
match can also contain 1, 6, or A (such as "m16"),
but it cannot contain these three characters only
(such as 1, 16, or 16A).
{n}
Matches the preceding character n
times. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer. "o{2}" matches "food", but not "Bob".
{n,}
Matches the preceding character n
times or more. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2,}" matches "foooood", but not "Bob".
{n,m}
Matches the preceding character nto m
times or more. The numbers nand m
must be nonnegative integers and n
cannot be greater than m.
"o{1,3}" matches "fod", "food", and "foooood",
but not "fd".
\<
Matches a string that starts with the
pattern following \<. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters preceding the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"\<do" matches the word "domain" and string
"doa".
\>
Matches a string that ends with the
pattern preceding \>. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters following the pattern are
not digits, letters, or underscores.
"do\>" matches the word "undo" and string
"abcdo".
\b
Same as [^A-Za-z0-9_], matches a
character that is not a digit, letter, or
underscore.
"\ba" matches "-a", but it does not match "2a" or
"ba".
\B Same as [A-Za-z0-9_], matches a digit,
letter, or underscore. "\Bt" matches "install", but not "big top".
\w Same as \B. "v\w" matches "vlan" and "service".
\W Same as \b. "\Wa" matches "-a", but not "2a" or "ba".
\
Escape character. If a special character
listed in this table follows \, the specific
meaning of the character is removed.
•"\\" matches a string containing "\".
•"\^" matches a string containing "^".
•"\\b" matches a string containing "\b".
For example:
# Use |begin user-interface in the display current-configuration command to match the first line of
output that contains user-interface to the last line of output.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | begin user-interface
user-interface aux 0 1
12
user-role network-operator
#
user-interface con 0 1
user-role network-admin
#
user-interface vty 0 15
authentication-mode scheme
user-role network-operator
#
ssh server enable
#
return
# Use | exclude Direct in the display ip routing-table command to filter out direct routes and display only
the non-direct routes.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table | exclude Direct
Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.2.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 1.1.2.2 GE3/0/2
# Use | include snmp in the display current-configuration command to filter in entries that contain snmp.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | include snmp
snmp-agent
snmp-agent community write private
snmp-agent community read public
snmp-agent sys-info version all
snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 192.168.1.26 params securityname public
Saving the output from a display command to a file
A display command shows certain configuration and operation information of the device. Its output
might vary over time or with user configuration or operation. You can save the output to a file for future
retrieval or troubleshooting.
Use one of the following methods to save the output from a display command:
•Save the output to a separate file. Use this method if you want to use one file for a single display
command.
•Append the output to the end of a file. Use this method if you want to use one file for multiple
display commands.
To save the output from a display command to a file, use one of the following commands in any view:
Task Command
Save the output from a display command to a separate file. display command > filename
Append the output from a display command to the end of a file. display command >> filename
For example:
# Save the VLAN 1 settings to a separate file named vlan.txt.
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