HP 2600-PWR Series User manual

Access Security Guide
www.hp.com/go/hpprocurve
Switch 2600 Series
Switch 2600-PWR Series
Switch 2800 Series
Switch 4100 Series
Switch 6108

HP ProCurve
Switch 2600 Series
Switch 2600-PWR Series
Switch 2800 Series
Switch 4100gl Series
Switch 6108
Access Security Guide
October 2004

© Copyright 2001-2004 Hewlett-Packard Company,L..P. The infor-
mation contained herein is subject to change without notice.
Publication Number
5990-6024
October 2004
Applicable Products
HP ProCurve Switch 2626 (J4900A)
HP ProCurve Switch 2626-PWR (J8164A)
HP ProCurve Switch 2650 (J4899A)
HP ProCurve Switch 2650-PWR (J8165A)
HP ProCurve Switch 2824 (J4903A)
HP ProCurve Switch 2848 (J4904A)
HP ProCurve Switch 4104gl (J4887A)
HP ProCurve Switch 4108gl (J4865A)
HP ProCurve Switch 6108 (J4902A)
Trademark Credits
Windows NT®, Windows®, and MS Windows® are US
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Software Credits
SSH on HP ProCurve Switches is based on the OpenSSH
software toolkit. This product includes software developed
by the OpenSSH Project for use in the OpenSSH Toolkit. For
more information on OpenSSH, visit http://
www.openssh.com.
SSL on HP ProCurve Switches is based on the OpenSSL
software toolkit. This product includes software developed
by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. For
more information on OpenSSL, visit
http://www.openssl.org.
This product includes cryptographic software written by
Eric Young ([e-mail])
This product includes software written by Tim Hudson
([e-mail])
Disclaimer
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not
be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for technical
or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The
information is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind
and is subject to change without notice. The warranties for
Hewlett-Packard Company products are set forth in the
express limited warranty statements for such products.
Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an
additional warranty.
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or
reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished
by Hewlett-Packard.
Warranty
See the Customer Support/Warranty booklet included with
the product.
A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your
Hewlett-Packard products and replacement parts can be
obtained from your HP Sales and Service Office or
authorized dealer.
Hewlett-Packard Company
8000 Foothills Boulevard, m/s 5551
Roseville,California 95747-5551
http://www.hp.com/go/hpprocurve

Contents
1 Getting Started
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Introduction and Applicable Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
About the Feature Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Overview of Access Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
General SwitchTraffic Security Guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Command Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Simulating Display Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Command Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Screen Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Port Identity Convention for Examples . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Getting Documentation From the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Sources for MoreInformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Need Only a Quick Start? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
2 Configuring Username and Password Security
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Configuring Local Password Security .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Menu: Setting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
CLI: Setting Passwords and Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Web: Setting Passwords and Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Front-Panel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
When Security Is Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Front-Panel Button Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
iii

Configuring Front-Panel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Password Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Password Recovery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
3 Web and MAC Authentication for the Series 2600/
2600-PWR and 2800 Switches
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Client Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
How Web and MAC Authentication Operate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Authenticator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
General Setup Procedure for Web/MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Do These Steps Before You ConfigureWeb/MAC Authentication . . 3-12
Additional Information for Configuring the RADIUS Server To Support
MAC Authentication . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Configuring the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Configuring Web Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Configure the Switch for Web-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Configuring MAC Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Configure the Switch for MAC-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Show Statusand Configuration of Web-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . 3-26
Show Statusand Configuration of MAC-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . 3-28
Client Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
4 TACACS+ Authentication
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
iv

Terminology Used in TACACS Applications: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
General System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
General Authentication Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Configuring TACACS+ on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
BeforeYou Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
CLI CommandsDescribed in this Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Viewing the Switch’s Current Authentication Configuration . . . . . . . 4-9
Viewing the Switch’s Current TACACS+ Server
Contact Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Configuring the Switch’s Authentication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Configuring the Switch’sTACACS+ Server Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
How Authentication Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
General Authentication Process Using a TACACS+ Server . . . . . . . . 4-20
Local Authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Using the Encryption Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS+
Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Messages Related to TACACS+ Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
5 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
General RADIUS Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Outline of the Steps for Configuring RADIUS Authentication . . . . . . 5-6
1. Configure Authentication for the AccessMethods You Want RADIUS
To Protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
2. Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
3. Configure the Switch’s Global RADIUS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Local Authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
v

Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS
Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Configuring RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Operating Rules for RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Steps for Configuring RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Viewing RADIUS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
General RADIUS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
RADIUS Authentication Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
RADIUS Accounting Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Changing RADIUS-Server AccessOrder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Messages Related to RADIUS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
6 Configuring Secure Shell (SSH)
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Prerequisite for Using SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Public Key Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and
Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
1. Assigning a Local Login(Operator) and
Enable (Manager) Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
2. Generating the Switch’s Public and Private Key Pair . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
3. Providing the Switch’s Public Key to Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
4. Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH Client Contact
Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
5. Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
6. Use an SSH Client To Access the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Further Information on SSH Client Public-Key Authentication . . . . . . . . 6-21
Messages Related to SSH Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
vi

7 Configuring Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Prerequisite for Using SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and
Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Configuring the Switch for SSLOperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
1. Assigning a Local Login(Operator) and
Enable (Manager)Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
2. Generating the Switch’s Server Host Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
3. Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL Browser Contact
Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
Common Errors inSSL setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
8 Configuring Port-Based Access Control (802.1X)
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Why Use Port-Based Access Control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
How 802.1X Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Authenticator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Switch-Port Supplicant Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
General Setup Procedure for Port-Based Access Control (802.1X) . . . . . 8-12
Do These Steps Before You Configure 802.1X Operation . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Overview: Configuring 802.1X Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . 8-13
Configuring Switch Ports as 802.1X Authenticators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
1. Enable 802.1X Authentication on Selected Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
3. Configure the 802.1X Authentication Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
4. Enter the RADIUSHost IP Address(es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
vii

5. Enable 802.1X Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
802.1X Open VLAN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Use Models for 802.1X Open VLAN Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
Operating Rules for Authorized-Client and
Unauthorized-Client VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Setting Up and Configuring 802.1X Open VLAN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
802.1X Open VLAN Operating Notes . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Option For Authenticator Ports: Configure Port-SecurityTo Allow Only
802.1X Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802.1X Connections
to Other Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
Displaying 802.1X Configuration, Statistics, and Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
Show Commands for Port-Access Authenticator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
Viewing 802.1X Open VLAN Mode Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
Show Commands for Port-Access Supplicant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43
How RADIUS/802.1X Authentication Affects VLAN Operation . . . . . . . . 8-44
Messages Related to 802.1X Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
9 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Blocking Unauthorized Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Trunk Group Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Planning Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Port Security Command Options and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Retention of StaticMAC Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Displaying Current Port Security Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Configuring Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
MAC Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Differences Between MAC Lockdown and Port Security . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Deploying MAC Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
viii