Hunter Passage 420 User manual

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DISTANCETHE
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)
he
first
oftheHunterPassageserieswaslaunched
over
10
years
agowiththePassage42.After.
buildingover225units,we
learnedagreat dealaboutwhat
ourownerswantedinacenter
cockpitcruiser.
Theincredibly
successfulPassage450
andnowthe
new
Passage
420
have
beendesigned
andengineeredto reflect
the
years
ofknowledge
gained
through
theowners,focus
groups,
Consumer
SatisfactionSurveys,aworld-classdealer
organization
andthe
continued
dedlcation
of
Warren
LuhrsandhisHunter
DesignTeam.

R
E
T
N
UH
ThenewPassage420mirrorsthe
innovationsthat
haveevolvedthroughout
theHunterline.Special
features
suchas
theB
& Rrig,integratedcockpit
arch,maststruts
andcompositechainplates
areall
present
onthe420.
Center
cockpitsarenot
usuallyknownforperforming,
butthe
Passage420surprisinglybreaks
therules.
Below,theinnovationcontinues
with
agreat
saloncomplete
withconveftible
dinetteand
opposing
settee,
both
loadedwithstoragecapability.
Thehighly
polished
teakdiningtable
is
a
work
ofartandcomplements
therichfabrics
and
durableCoriano.
Televisionwith
VCR
and
AM/FMstereo
withCDwillkeepthecrewentertained
whilethechef
prepares
in
theenormous
galley.
Sidebyside
dualopening
refrigeratorandfreezer,threeburner
gimbaled
range
withoven.
microwaveandtwinstainless
sinks,notto mentiona
hiddentrashreceptacle
areamenitiesusuallyonly
foundinthebest
ofhomes,
neverminda boat!
Thenavigation
stationopposite
the
galley
housesthecontrolstoall
the
ship's
systemsandallowsspace
forall your navigational
electronicsaswell.
Comfort
isimportantatHunterandthestaterooms
aboardthe
420
are
no
exception.
Aft,
you'll
findanisland,
queen-sized
berth
withaninner-spring
mattressthatisflankedbyhanging
wardrobes
!

\*---€-
anddrawers
large
enough
forlongterm
liveaboards.Evenaslide-out
deskisincluded.
The
private
ensuite
headfeatures
plenty
of
storage,
beautifulCorian'covered
vanityandashower.
Forward,the
guest
stateroom
withitsdoubleberthand
private
headwithshower
willplease familyorfriends.Spacious
and
,.'t
comfortable,thisstateroom
alsoboastsimmensestorageand
plenty
ofnatural
light
and
ventilation.Your
guest
maynever
wanttoleavel
Thecombination
ofperformance, comfortand
structural
integrity
allow
you
tosail
with
confidence
nomatterwhere
you
go;
so
"Go
TheDistance."
'?. - -g' Zz.4
"F ''4;:',6
- a'o
<
'&
I b-

4 t 0

I\_-
HTII{TER
OWNER'
S
MAI{UAL
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
a
a
a
a
a
BriefHistory
HunterWarranty
WarrantyReg
istration
Form.
Glossary
ofSailingTerms
ExplanationofSymbols
and
Labels
GENERAL
HANDLING
AND
OPEMTION
SafeBoatingTips..
Pre-Departure
Checklist..........
FloatPlan.
After
SailingChecklist......
Dockingand
Anchoring.
DieselEngineand
Motoring.
ElectricalSystem
Cooking
Stove....
Toilet.
Pumps.. ....,...
Watersystem
Operation..... .........i.....
WasteDischarge......
E
nvi
ronmental
Considerations.
GeneralCare
FabricCare
GeneralHardwareMaintenance
Electrolysis
and
Galvanic
Protection
Teak
Care
5
6-9
10
Page
1
2-4
11-12
13
14
15
16
17
-18
18-19
20
20
21
21
22
23
28
28-29
29
a
a
o
a
a
a
o
o
a
o
a
{
\.
o
MAINTENANCE
. Instructionsfor
Preparation
for
Bottom
Painting 24
o fngine,Transmission,
and
Drivetrain..
SteeringSystem. ZT
ElectricalSystems
Plumbing
Systerns.
Fuel
System.
27
28
29
30
31
32-33
StorageM/interization
{
1of
3

I
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
CONTINUED
DESCRIPTION
OF
MODEL
Certification
Details...
Buildefs
Information
P|ate......,..
Profile
with
Rig
and
Sail
Dimensionr....
..,---.........
Dirnensions,
Capacities,
etc.......
Deck
Plan
and
Hardware.....................
Deck
Hardware
Parts
Listing.......
Interior
Plan..........
Running
Rigging
Deck
plan.
Mainsheet
Rigging.....
Reef
rigg
ing
andInstructions...............
lynlinO
Rigging
Specifications...........
Rig
Description..........
Standing
Rigging
P|an..........
Spreader
Details......
Standing
Rigging
Specifi
cations...........
Rig
Tuning
Instructions................
Spinnaker
Details......
Engine
Compartment
Layout
Shaft
andPropeller
Drawing
SYSTEMS
AND
CIRCUITS
. PotableWatersystem.
lVaste
Water
System...........
Bifge
Pumping
System .................
a
a
a
a
a
o
a
a
a
a
a
o
t
o
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
o
a
a
o
a
a
a
o
o
a
Page
34
35
36
37
38
39-40
41
42
43
44-45
46
47
48
49
50-51
52-53
54
55
56
Locations
ofTh
roug
h-H
uIls,
Seacocks,
and
Valves
Fuel
System...............
LPG
System...............
Electrica
IDrawing
sfor
1
1
0v
or
220v
System.
..
..
Electrical
Drawings
for
1
2v
System..............
Battery
Switch
and
Shorepower
Connection...............
E*raust
System.....
Steering
System.....
Rudderand
Shaft......
Ernergency
Tiller.......
Anchoring
Arrangement.
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
(2of
3

\_ EOU|PMENT
MANUALS
AND
TNFORMATTON
. Engine
Manual
.. KnotmeterandDepthsounder(except280)
, VHF
Radio
(exceptwhere
not
provided)
. CompassInformation
. StereoManual(except
280
&2g.S)
. Furling
System
Manual
. Dutchman
SailFlaking
Manual
(except
290
&
2g.S)
. Marine
RiggingGuide
. Winch
Maintenance
Manual
. Steering
Maintenance
Guide
. Sailmakerlnformation
. Water
Strainer
. BilgePump
. Toilet
Manual
. StoveManual
. HotWaterManual
. Microwave
Manual(exceptwhere
not
provided)
. Otrer:
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
CONTINUED
Vo
a
a
a
a
a
a
o
o
a
t3of3

HUNTERMARINE'SOWNERAND FOI.JNDER
WARRENR.LUHRS
BRIEF IilSTORY
Bomin1944 inEast
Orange,NewJersey,
WarrenR
Luhrs'
ancestry
goes
backto hisgreat-grandfather,
Henry,
who
helped
pioneer
railroadingandclipper
ships
in
Anreric4
and
tohis
great-uncle,
John,whohelped
buildthe
famous
St.
Petersburg-to-Moscowrailroad
forCzar
Alexander
II.
HenryLuhrsownedsharesintwenty-two
different
ocean-
going
vessels
-barks,brigsandschooners
-and
was
princi.
palownerof thebark,SophiaR.Luhrs,
named
after
his
wife.Hewas
also
a
partner
withAlbertSprout,
whoman-
agedashipyardinMelbridge,Maine,
where
theSophia
R.
Luhrs
wasbuilt.
TheLuhrs'
family
seatraditionwas
carried
onduring
the
greatdepressionby Warren
Luhrs'father,
Henry,who
worked
atasmallboat
manufacturerinMorgarlNewJer-
sey,andlater
startedhisowncompany.
Whenwarbroke
outinEurope,
theCoastGuardasked
HenryLuhrs
tore-
rairtheir
boats
andinstallice
sheathing
ontheir
bows.
AfterWorldWarII, Henry
built27
-foot
fishing
boats
andin
I918begantoconstructcustom-built
pleasure
craft.He
then
tumed
toskiffsand
in1952incorporated
as
HenryLuhrs
Sea
skiffs.
Heconstructedlapstrake
sea
skiffs
usingas-
sembly-linetechniques.Henrypersonally
"shook
down"his
prototypes
withfamilytripsuptheHudson
River
toLake
Champlain
Theseaskifis aclassofboatwhichhas
beenverypopular,
owingtoitsseaworthiness.It featwes
asharp
bow,which
reduces
pounding
insurforchoppy
seas,
and
ahullwhose
forwardsection
isrounded
belowthe
water
linetoincrease
stabilityinroughwater
orafollowing
sea.Suchskift can
either
besmooth-sided
oroflapstrake
construction.
HenryLuhrs'
basic
philosophy
wastoemulate
the
late
Herny
Ford
inbuildinganinexpensive
boat
fortheaverage
num,
thusenablinghimto enjoythel*ury ofboating.
Hewas
both
designer
andengineer,
creating
innovative
and
progres-
sivenewmodels.
Hedesigned
the
changeinthelineofthe
bowfromstraight
tocurved
at
a
time
whenallboats
where
beingbuiltwiththestraight
squareeffect.
It isbelieved
he
wasalsothefirst
designer-builder
topopularize
asmall
boat
withafly-bridge.
in 1960,Luhrs
acquired
theUlrichsenBoatCompany,
Il4arlboro,New
Jersey.Itwas
here,
too,thattheLulrrs'Alura
FiberglassDMsion
waslocated.Int965,
Henrysold
his
companytoBangor
Arrostook
Railroad"
whichwas
tobe-
cometherecreational
conglomerate,
Bangor-Punta.
It was
alsoduring
this
period
that
Silverton
ofTom'sRiver,
New
Jerseywaspurchased
byJohn
and
Warrenluhrs.
Today,WarrenR.Luhrs
andhis
brotherJohn,ownHunter
MarineCorporation,
Silverton
Marine
Corporation,
MainshipMotor Yachts
and
Lulrs FishingBoats withits
Aluradivision.Hunter
Marine
produces
sailboats
whilethe
other
companies
produce
powerboats.
InJanuary
of 1996,Warren
andJohntransferred
a
portion
oftheLuhrs Grouptoits
employees
tlroughan ESOP
pro-
gram
PAGE
1

HT]NTERMARII{E
LIMITEDWARRANTY
LIMITED ONEYEAR WARRANTY
HunterMarine
warrantsto thefirst-use
purchaser
and of twelve
(12)monthsfromthe dateof deliverytothe
anysubsequentownerduringthewarranty
period,
that first-use
purchaser
undernormal
use
andservice.
Dur-
any
part
manufactured
byHunterwill befree
ofdefects ingthisperiod, Hunter
will repair
or replace
any
part
causedbyfaultyworkmanshipor materials for aperiod judged
to bedefective
byHunter.
LIMITED FTVE
YEAR HULL STRUCTURE
AI\D BOTTOM BLISTBR WARRANTY
Hunterwarrantsto thefirst-use
purchaser
andanysub. ing
this
period,
Hunter
will supply
orreimburse
anautho-
sequentowner
duringthewarranty
period
thatthehull rizedHunterdealerforallofthepartsandlaborrequiredto
ofeachboatwill be
freefromstructural
defectsinmate- repairablistered
underwater
surfaceofthehull.
Thelabor
rialsand
workmanshipfora
period
offive(5)years
from cost reimbursement
will be
basedontheLabor
Allowance
thedateofdelivery
tothefirst-use
purchaser
undernor- ScheduleestablishedbyHunter
from
time
totime.
How-
maluseandservice. ever,iftherepair
is
performed
byanon-Hunterdealer,
the
repaircostMUSTbe
authorized
byHunterinadvance
and
Thislimitedwarranty
applies
only to thestructuralin- -bebasedonareasonablenumber
ofhoursas
determined
tegrityofthe hulland
thesupporting
par/gridorstringer byHurter.
Transportatioa
hauling,launching,
bottompaint,
system.Hulls,parlgrid or stringers modified
inanyway storage,dockage,cradling
rentaf
riggingandderigging,
or
or powered with engines
otherthanthetypeandsize othersimilarcostswill notbe
paid
byHunter.
It isrecom-
installedor specifiedbyHunterarenotcovered
bythis mendedthattherepair
bedone
dwingaseasonal
haulout
limitedwarranty.TheobligationofHunter
under
this
lim- forserviceorstorage.
itedwarranty
islimitedto therepairor replacement
of
hulls,thatit determinesto bestructurally
defective.This The
followingcircumstances
will voidthe
bottom
blister
isyoursoleandexclusive
remedy. limitedwarranty:
(1)Ifthe gel-coat
has
beensanded,sandblasted,
Hunteralso
warrants
to thefirst-use
purchaser
andany or-suggested to abrasionorimpact.
subsequentownerduringthe warrantyperiodthat the
boat
will be freefromgel-coat blistering
onunderwater (2) It the instructionsprovided
in theHunter
surfaces
ofthehull,excludingthe
keel
and
rudder,for a Owner's Manual
arenotfollowed
accordingtoHrurter's
period
of five(5)years
fromthedate
ofdeliveryto the requiredbottom
preparation
procedures.
first-use
purchaser
undernormaluse
andservice.
Dur-
RESTRICTIONS
APPLICABLE TO WARRANTIES
Theselimitedwarrantiesdo not cover: manufacturer ofsuch
itemswill be,if possible,
given
on
to thefirst-use
purchaser.
(
1
)Paint,window
glass,gel-coat,
upholsery
dam-
age,
plastic
finishes,engines,
engine
p&rts,
bilge
pumps, (2) Problemscaused
byimpropermaintenance,
stoves,blowers,
pressure
waterpumps,
propellers,
shafts, storage,cradling, blocking,
normal
wearand
tear,
mis-
rudders,
controls,
instruments,keels
andequipment
not use,neglect,accident,
corrosioq
electrolysisorimproper
manufactured
by Hunter.Any warranty made
by the operation.
PAGE
2

HUNTERMARINE
LIMITED WARRANTY
RESTRICTIONS APPLICABLE TO WARRANTIBS (continued)
THIS WARRANTYIS EXPRESSLY
IN LIEU OF
ANY AND ALL OTHERREMEDIES
AND WAR.
RANTIESEXPRESSEDANDIMPLIED,INCLUD-
ING THE WARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABIL.
ITY AND FITNESS. SOMESTATES
OR COUN.
TRIESDONOTALLOW LIMITATIONS
ONHOW
LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS,SO
THEABOVELIMITATION MAY NOTAPPLYTO
YOU. THE PURCHASER
ACKNOWLEDGES
THAT NO OTHER REPRESENTATIONS
WERE
MADE TO HIM OR HER WITH RESPECT
TO
THEQUALITY ANDFUNCTION
OFTIIE BOAT.
ANY CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES WHICH
MAY BE INCURREDARE EXCLUDED AND
JUDGEDDEFECTIVEBY HUNTER. SOME
STATESORCOUNTRIES
DONOTALLOW THE
EXCLUSION
ORLIMITATION OFINCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES,
SO THE
ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY
NOTAPPLYTOYOU.TIIIS WARRANTYGIVES
YOU
SPECIFICLEGALRIGHTS,
ANDYOUMAY
ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY
FROM STATETO STATEOR COUNTRY TO
COUNTRY.
WARRANTYREGISTRATION
These
limitedwarrantiesshallnotbeeffective
unlessthe
HunterWarrantyRegistrationFormand
Pre-Delivery
ServiceRecord,whicharefurnished
witheach
newboat,
arefilledout completelyandreturned
to Hunterwithin
fifteen
(15)days
of delivery.
Responsibility
for sending
thecompleted
Registration
Form
remains
withthe
dealer.
Return
to the WarrantyRegistration
formto Hunter,
signedby bothDealerandOwner,is critical.Warranty
coveragecannotbeinitiated
untilthecompleted
formis
received
atHunter.
All repairs
and./orreplacements
will bemadeby anau-
thorized
Hunterdealer,
orat
theoption
ofHunter,
atthe
Hunter
plant.
If therepairs
are
of such
anature
thatthe
warranty
work mustbeperformed
at theHunterplant,
transportation
coststo andfrom theHunterplantshall
be
paid
bytheowner.The
labor
cost
reimbursement
will
bebasedonaLaborAllowance
Scheduleestablished
by
Hunterand
wherenot applicable,
onareasonable
num-
berof hours
as
determined
byHunter.Anyrepairs and
replacements
mustbe
approved
inadvancebyanautho-
rizedHunterservice
representative.
TRANSFER
OFLIMITED WARRANTIES
Limited warranties will be transferred to a subsequent
purchaser
ofthe boatif
(l) A noticeof the transferof ownership
of the
boat is given by the subsequent
purchaserin writing to
Hunterwithin thirty (30) daysof thetransfer.
(2) The notice shall includethe name,address
andtelephonenumber
of the
subsequent
purchaser,the
dateof purchase, thehullnumber
andthename
of the
sellerofthe boat.
Hunterwill mailto thesubsequentpwchasernoticeof
theexpirationdatesofthelimited
warranties.
Thetrans-
fer
oftheownershipoftheboatwillnotextend
theexpi-
rationdatesof thelimited
warranties.
PAGE
3

HUI{TERMARII{E
LIMITED WARRAI{TY
EPOXYBARRIER COAT
Shouldacustomer
wish
to have anepoxy
barrier
coat
appliedto hishull,example
Interlux
Interprotect
1000,
2000
or Westsystemsor Vc Tar, thiswill notvoidthe
fiveYearBlisterWarrantv.
HunterMarinerefersto epoxy
barrier
coatings
asmen-
tioned
above,
notepory
primerpaints.
Duringthe first yearof ownership,
the first pwchaser
willreceive twoCustomerSatisfaction
surveys
-thefirst
(CSS#I)will bereceivedshortly
after
takingdelivery
and
focuses
onthe
dealer'sability
tosell
and
commission
theboat,andtheOwner'sinitialsatisfaction.
The
second
If anepoxy
barriercoatisapplied
to aHuntervessel,
it
mustberegisteredwith theWa:ranty
Department
p[ql
to applicationof the
product.
If thedealer
applies
bot-
tompaintonly,sanding
will not beallowedand theno
sandingsystemmust
beused.
survey
(CSS#2),
nineto ten monthsinto ownership,
"measures"
dealerservicecapability
andallowstheowner
to evaluatemostof theboat's
functionalsystems
and
characteristics.Both
surveys
aredependentupon
receipt
ofthefirstpurchaser's Warranty
RegistrationForm.
CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION
SURVEYS
PAGE
4

WelcomeTo
THE HUNTERMARIIT{EFAMILY
Congratulations
onyournew sailing
yacht
manufactured
by onits
operation
and
maintenance.
Pleasereadit carefully,
and
HunterMarine.
Wehaveengineeredandconstructedyour
boat familiarize
yourself
withthe
craftbeforeusingit.
to beasfinea yacht
asanyafloat. In order
to get thebest
performance
andmostenjoyment
from
your
boat
youshould If this
is
your
firstcraft,
or
you
are
changing
toa type
ofcraft
befamiliarwith its variouselementsand functions.
Please youare
notfamiliar with,for yourowncomfort
andsafery
takethetime
to studythismanual
anditsrecommendationsplease
ensurethat
youobtainhandling
andoperating
experi-
foryoursailing
pleasure. encebefore
assuming
command
of thecraft.Your
dealer
or
nationalsailing
federation
or yacht
clubwill bepleased
to
Westand
behind
the
quality
ofyourboatwith
awarrantywhich advise
you
of localsea
schools,
orcompetentinstructors.
you
shouldalso
review.To
insure
your
warranty
is
valid,
please
fill outtheattachedcard
andsendittouswithin
ten
(10)
days PLEASEKEEP
THIS MANUAL IN A SECURE
PLACE,
ofthe
purchase
date.Section
15ofthe
U.S.Federal
Boat
Safety ANDHANDIT OVER
TO
THENWOWNERWHEN
YOU
Actrequiresfrst ownerstobe
registered.
The
warranty
data SELL
THECRAFT.
shouldalsoberecorded
inthespacebelow
foryour
ownrefer-
ence. Youalso
need
tofill outand
mailthewananty
cards
on
your
Thismanualhasbeencompiledto help
youto operate
your dieselauxiliary stove,
head,
electric
water
pump
and
other
craft
withsafety and
pleasure.
It containsdetails
ofthe
craft, accessories.
These
areenclosedin themanufacturers' manu-
theequipmentsupplied
orfitted,itssystems,
andinformation als which
are
includedwithyour
owner's
manual.
OWI\IBR
INFORMATION CARI)
\- HI]LLIDENTITIICATIONI\T]MBTRISONTIIESIARBOARDAFTSIDEOFTIIEHTILLORTRANSOM
TIIISNT]MBM.MUSTBE GI\1EF{INAIIIIECF,SSARYCOMMT]NICATIONS
HT]LLNO. DATEDH,IVMu)TOOUAIM,
YACIITNAN{E
O\ryNM.N{ME
STREETADDRESS
SrAIEC0UNfRY ZIPCODE
HOMEFORT
n\G[\tst{u)u, SERIALNO. PROPN,LERSZE
DEALER
STREETADDRESS
CITT STAIErcOUNTRY ZPCODE
A copy of Cftapman'sPiloting, Seamanshipand Small Boat Handlingis provided with your Hunter Marine boat aspart of the standard
\_ equipment.
Any questions
regardingthemeaningof terminology usedin this manualmaybereferenced
in your Chapman's.
PAGE
5

GLOSSARYOF
SAILING
TERMS
A
' Abach describes
asail
u,henthe
wind
shikes
it onitsleeside.
Abaft:towards
theboat's
stern.
Abeam:
at
rightangles
tothecenter-lineof
theboat.
Affi atornearthestern.
Amidships:
the centerof the boat,
ath,vartships
andforeandaft.
Anti-fouling:a
poisonous
paint
compound
usedtoprotect
theunderwater
partofa hull
frommarine
gowths.
Apparentwind:thedirectionandspeedof
thewindfeltbythe
crew.
It isacombination
of truewindandthatcreatedbythemove-
mentoftheboat.
Astern:behind
theboat;togo
asternisto
drivethe
boatinreverse.
Athwartships:atright angles
tothefore
andaftline oftheboat.
B
Back:when
awindbacks,
itshiftscounter-
clockwise.
Backasail:
tosheet ittowindwardsothat
thewind
fillsonthe
sidethatisnormallyto
teeward.
Backstay:as|aythat
supports
themastfrom
aftand
preventsitsforward
movernent.
Ballast extra
weight,usually
lead
oriron,
placed
lowintheboatorexternallyonthe
keeltoprovide
stability.
Ballastkeel:
amassofballast
boltedtothe
keeltoincrease stability
and
prevent
akeel
boatfromcapsizing.
Batten:a
light,flexiblestrip
fedintoabat-
ten
pocket
attheleech
ofthesail
tosupport
theroach.
Beam:
l, themaximum
breadth
ofabmt;2,
a transverse
member
whichsupportsthe
deck;
3,on
thebeam
means
thatanobjectis
atrightangles
tothe
centerline.
Bearaway: tosteerthe
boatawayfromthe
wind.
Bearing:thedirection
ofanobject
from
an
observer,measured
in degrees
trueormag-
netic.
Beat: to sailazigzag
coursetowards
the
wtnd,
close-hauled
onalternate
tacks.
Belay:tomakefast
arope
aroundacleat,
usually
with afigure-of-eight
knot.
, Send:l, to secure
a sailto a spar
before
hoisting;
2,tomooraboat;3,asleeping
place
onboard.
Bight:abendorloopinarope.
Bilge:thelower,round
part
insidethe
hull
wherewater
collects.
Block:a
pulley
ina wooden
or
plastic
case,
consisting
ofasheavearoundwhich
arope
runs.
It is usedto changethedirectionof
pull.
Boot-topping:a narrow coloredstripe
painted
betweenthebottom
paintand
the
topside
anamel
Bottlescrew:
seeRiggingscrew
Broach: whena boatrunningdownwind
slews
broadside
tothe
windandheelsdan-
gerously.
It is caused
by heavyfollowing
seas
orhelmsman'serror.
Broadreach: thepointofsailingbetweena
bearn
reachandarun,whenthe
windblows
overthe
quarter.
Bulkhead:
partition
wallinaboat
normally
lfttedathwartships.
C
Caulk:tomakethe
seams
between
wooden
planks
watertightbyfilling withcotton,oa-
kum
oracompound.
Cavitation:the formationof a vacuum
aroundapropeller, causinglossinefficiency.
Center-board:aboardlowered
through
a
slotinthe keeltoreduceleeway.
Center-line:centeroftheboat
inaforeand
aftline.
Center
oreffort(COE):
the
point
atwhich
alltheforcesactingonthesailsare
concen-
trated.
Center
oflateralresistance
(CLR):
theun-
derwater
centerofpressure
about
whicha
boat
pivots
whenchangingcourse.
Chainpawl:ashortlug
whichdropsintoa
toothed
rackto prevent theanchorchain
nnningback.
Chain
plate:
a
metal
plate
boltedto
theboat
to which theshrouds or baclcstays
areat-
tached.
Chartdatum:
referencelevelon
achartbe-
lowwhich
thetideisunlikelyto
fall.Sound-
ings
are
given
belowchart
datum.The
da-
tum levelvariesaccording to countryand
area.
Chine:the
line
wherethe
bottom
ofthe
hull
meetsthesideatanansle.
Cleat: a wooden,
metalor plasticfitting
aroundwhich
ropeissecured.
Clevis
pin: alocking pin through whicha
split ring is passed
to preventaccidental
withdraw.
Clew:the
after,lowercorner
ofasail
where
thefootand
leechmeet.
Close-hauled
zthe
point of sailingclosest
tothewind;seealsobeat.
Closereach:the
point ofsailingbetween
close-hauled
anda beam reach,
when
the
windblowsforward
ofthebeam.
Close-winded:describesaboat
able
tosail
veryclose
tothewind.
Coaming:theraised
structure
surrounding
ahatch,cockpit,
etc.,which
preventswater
entering.
Cotterpin: soft,metal
pin folded backon
itselftoform
aneye.
Course:
thedirectionin whichavesselis
steered,
usually
given
indegrees:
tue, mag-
netic
orcompass.
Cringle: l, arope
loop,found
at
either
end
ofalineof reefponts;
2,aneye
inasail.
D
Dead
run: runningwiththe
windblowing
exactlyaft,
inlinewiththecenterline.
Deviation:the
differencebefween
the
direc-
tion indicated
by thecompass
needleand
themagnetic
meridian;causedby object
aboard.
I)isplacemenfi
1,theweight
ofwaterdis-
placed
bya
boatisequaltothe
weight
ofthe
bvat;2,adisplacernent
hull isonethat
dis-
places
itsownweightinwaterand isonly
supported
by buoyancy,asopposed
to a
planing
hullwhich
canexceed
itshull,
or
dis-
placement,
speed.
Downhaul:aropefittedto
pulldown asail
orspar.
Draft: theverticaldistancefromthewater-
lineto thelowest
pointof thekeel.
Drag: 1,ananchor
drags
when
it failsto
hole;2, theforce
ofwind onthesails,
or
water
onthehull,whichimpedes
the
boat's
progress.
Drift: 1,
tofloatwiththecurrent
or
wind;2,
USthe
speedofacurrent
(rateUK);3,UK:
thedistanceaboatiscarried by
acurrent
in
a
given
time.
I)rogue: aseaanchor
putover
thestem
ofa
boatorliferaftto retarddrift.
Dropkeel:aretractablekeel
whichcan
be
PAGE
6

GLOSSARY
OFSAITII{GTERMS
drawnintothehull,whenentering
shallow
vatersandrecovering
on
toatrailer.
E
Eyeofthewind: direction
fromwhich
the
truewindblows.
F
Fair: well-faired
lineorsurface
issmoother
with nobumps, hollows
orabruptchanges
indirection.
Fairlead:afitting through
whichalineis
runto alterthedirection
oftheleadofthe
line.
Fathom:the
measurementused
fordepths
ofwaterand
lengthsorrope.
I fathom
: 6ft.
:1.83
m.
Fid: ataperedtoolusedforsplicingheavy
ropeandforsail-making,
often
hollow.
Fiddte:a
raisedborderfora
cabintable,chart
tableetc.,to
prevurt
objects
fallingoffwhen
theboats
heels.
Fix: the
position
ofthevesselas
plotted
from
twoor more
positionlines.
Forestay:theforernost
stay,runningfrom
themasthead
tothestemhead.
towhich the
headsailishanked.
Freeboard:vertical
distancebetweenthe
waterlineand
thetopof thedeck.
Genoa:alargeheadsail,
in varioussizes,
which
overlaps
the
mainsailand
ishoisted
in lighttofresh
windsonallpoints
ofsail-
ing.
Gimbals:
twoconcentric
rings,
pivoted
at
rightangleswhich
keepobjects
horizontal
despitethe
boat's
motion,e.g.compassand
cooker.
Goabout:
toturnttre
boatthrough
the
qteof
thewindtochange
tack.
Gooseneck:
thefitting attaching
theboom
tothemast,allowing
itto
moveinalldirec-
tions.
Goosewing:
to boom-out
the headsailto
windwardonarunby
usingawhisker
pole
toholdthesailontheopposite
side
tothe
mainsail.
Grqmd tackh: ganeral
term
used
for
anchon-
inggear.
Guardrail: a
metalrail fiued
aroundtheboat
toprevent thecrew
falling overboard.
Gudgeon:
arudderfitting. It istheeyeinto
which
theprntlefits.
Guy:asteadyingrope foraspar;aspinna-
ker
guy
controls
the
foreandaft
position
of
thespinnaker
pole;
theforeguy
holdsthe
spinnaker
pole
forwardanddown.
Gybe:tochangefromonetacktoanother
byturningthestern
throughthewind.
Ilalyard: ropeusedtohoist
and
lowersails.
Hank: fittingusedtoattachtheluffof
asail
to a stay.
Ilatch: anopeninginthedeck
givingaccess
totheinterior.
Hawse
pipe:
seeNavel
pipe.
Ilead-topwind: whenthebowsare
pointing
rightintothewind.
Headfoil: a streamlinedsurround to a
forestay,
withagroove intowhicha
headsail
luffslides.
Ileads:thetoilet.
Headway:theforwardmovementofaboat
through
thewater.
Heave-to:tobackthe
jibandlash
thetillerto
leeward;
usedin heavyweatherto encour-
age
theboattoliequietly andtorduce head-
way.
Ileavingline:alightlinesuitable
forthrow-
ing
ashore.
Heel:tolean overtooneside.
I
Isobars:lineson a weathermapjoining
places
ofequal
atmospheric
pressure.
J
Jackstay:
alinerunningforeand
aft,onboth
sidesoftheboat,towhichsafety
harnesses
are
clipped.
Jury: atemporarydevice
toreplace
lostor
damagedgear.
Keel:the main
backboneofthe
boattowhich
aballast
keelisboltedorthrough whichthe
centerboard
passes.
Kicking strap:alineusedtopullthe
boom
down,
tokeepithorizontal,
particularly
ona
reach
or
run.
L
Lanyard: ashortline attachedto oneobject,
such
asaknife. with which it is secwedto
another.
Leech:l, theafter
edge
ofatriangular
sail;
2,bothside
edgesofa squaresail.
Leehelm:thetendencyof a boat
to bear
awayfrclnthewind.
Lee
shore:ashore
ontowhich
the
windis
blowing.
Leeward:awayfromthe wind;thedirection
towhich thewind
blows.
Leeway:
thesidewaysmovement
ofaboat
offitscourse
asaresultofthe
windblowing
onone
side
ofthe
sails.
Lifeline: awireorrope riggedaround
the
decktoprevent
thecrew
fallingoverboard.
Linber holes:
gaps
leftatthe
lower
end
of
frames
above*tekeeltoallow
water
todrain
tothelowest
point
oftheDilges.
List: aboat'smore
orless
permanent
lean
to
oneside,owing
tothe
improper
distribution
ofweight,e.g.,
ballastorwater.
Log: 1,aninstrumentformeasuring
a
boafs
speedanddistancetravelled through
the
watet,2,to
recordin abook the
details
ofa
voyage,
usuallydistances
covered
and
weather.
Luff: theforwardedgeofa sail. To
luffup is
toturnthe
boat'sheadrightinto
the
wind.
Luffgroove: agroove
in awooden
ormetal
sparintowhich
theluf oftheheadsail
isfed.
Lurch: the
suddenroll ofaboat.
Marlin spike: a pointed
steel
or wooden
spike
usedtoopenupthestrands
ofrope
or
wirethensplicing.
MastStep:thesocket in which
thebase
of
themastislocated.
Measured
mile:adistance
ofone
nautical
mile measured
between
buoysor transits/
ranges
ashore,andmaxkedon
thechart.
Member:a
part
oftheskeleton
ofthe
hull,
suchasastringerlaminatedintoaf,rberglass
hulltostrengthenit.
Meridian: animaginaryline
encircling
the
Earthwhich passes
throughthepolesand
cutsatright angles
through
theEquator.
All
linesoflongitude
are
meridians.
Ilr/tlzzenll, theshorter,after-mast
onaketc
h
oryawl;2, thefore
and
aftsailset
on
this
mast.
N
Navel pipe: a metal pipe in the foredeck
through which the anchor chain passesto
PAGE
7

GLOSSARY
OFSAITING
TERMS
thelockerbelow.
{oon
sight:
a
vessel's
latitude
canbe
found,
vusing asextant,
whenaheavenlybody
on
theobserver's
meridian
isatitsgreatest
al-
titude.
Thesight
ofthe sun
atnoonisthe
one
mostfrequently
taken.
Off thewind: with thesheets
slackedoff,
notclose-hauled.
Onethewind:closehauled.
Outhaul:arope
used
topullout
thefootof
asail.
Overalllength(LOA): the
boat'sextreme
length,
measured
from
theforemost
past
of
thebowto theaftermost
partof thestern,
excluding
bowspirt,
selisteering
gear
etc.
P
Painter:the
bow
linebywhich
adinghy,or
tender,
istowed
ormade
fast.
Pintle:a
rudder
fittingwithalong
pinwhich
slips
intothe
gz
dgeon
toform
ahinged
pivot
fortherudder.
Pitch: l, the
upand
downmotion
ofthebows
of a boat
plunging
over
thewaves;
2, the
angle
ofthe
propeller
blades.
loint ofsailing:thedifferent
anglesfrom
- thewindonwhichaboat
maysail;
theboat's
courserelativeto
the
direction
ofthe
wind.
Porfi theleft-handside
ofaboat,looking
forward
(opp.
of
starboard).
Porttack:aboat
isona
port
tackwhenthe
wind strikes
the port side
first andthe
mainsail
isouttostarboard.
A boat
onthe
porttackgives waytoaboatonastarboard
tack.
Position
line/lineofposition:alinedrawn
onachart,
asaresultoftaking abearing,
along
whichtheboat's
positionmusti.e.
Two
position
lines
give
afx.
Pulpit: ametal
guardrail fittedatthe
bows
ofa boattoprovidesafety
forthecrew
Pushpit:ame/tal
guar
draiIfitted
atthe stern.
Quarter:the
portion
ofthe
boat
midway
be-
tween
thestern
andthe
beam;
onthe
quar-
termeans
about
45degrees
abaftthebeam'
R
Rake:theforeand
aftdeviation
fromthe
perpendiculax
ofamast
orother
featureofa
\- 'loat'
Range:l, seeTfansit 2,oftides,the
ditrer-
ence
between
thehighandlow
waterlevels
ofatide;3,thedistance atvhich alightcan
beseen.
Rating:amethodofmeasuringcertain
di-
mensions
ofa
yacht
toenable
it totake
part
inhandicapraces.
Reach:tosailwiththe
windapproximately
onthebeam;allsailing
points
between
run-
ning
and
close-hauled.
Reef:toreducethesailarea
byfoldingor
rollingsurplus materialon theboom
or
forestay.
Reefing
pennant strong
linewithvfuichthe
luff or leechcringle is pulled downto the
boomwhenreefing.
Rhumbline: alinecuttingall
meridiansaI
thesameangle;thecourse
followedby a
boatsailinginafixeddirection.
Ridinglight to anchorlight: anall-round
white
light,usuallyhoisted
onthe
forestay,
toshow that
aboatunder50
ft. (l5m) isat
anchor.Itmust
bevisiblefor
2mls.
(3km).
Rigging
screw:
adeck
fiuingwithwhichthe
tension
of standingrigging, e.g. stays,
shrouds,isadjusted.
Roach:thecurved
part
ofthe leech
ofasail
which
extends
beyondthedirect
linefrom
headto
clew.
Run:tosailwiththe
windaft andwith
the
sheetseasedwell
out.
Runningrigging:allthe
moving
lines,such
assheetsandhalyards,used
in thesetting
andtrimmingofsails.
S
Scope:
thelengthofropeorcable
paid
out
whenmor
anchoring.
Scuppers:
1,holesinthe
toerailwhictrallow
water
todrainoffthedeck;2,drain
cockpit
throughhull.
Seacock:
avalve
whichshuts
offanunder-
water
inletoroutlet
passing
through
thehull.
Seize:tobind
tworopes
together,
orarope
toaspar,witha lightline.
Serve:
tocover
and
protect
a
splice
orpart
ofaropewith twinebound
tightly against
thelay.
Servingmallef toolwith agrooved
head,
usedwhenservingaropetokeep
thetwine
ataconstantand
hightension.
Set:
1,
to
hoistasail;2,the
way
inlvhichthe
sailsfit; 3,thedirectionoftidal current
or
steam.
Shackle: ametallink with arernovable
bolt
acrossthe openend; ofvarious shapes:
D,
U.
Sheave:agrooved wheel
in ablock
orspar
forarope
torunon.
Sheet:the
rope
attachedto
theclew
ofasail
ortothe boom,enabling
it tobe
controlled
ortrimmed.
Shrouds:
ropes
or wires,usually
in pairs,
ledfromthemastto chain
platesat deck
leveltoprevent
themast
fallingsideways;
part
ofthe standingrigging.
Sloop:
asingle-mastedsailing
boat
with a
mainsailand
one
head
sail.
Spar:ageneral termforanywood
or
metal
pole,
e.g.,mast
or boom,
used
to carry
or
give
shape
tosails.
Spindrift: sprayblownalong
the
surface
of
thesea.
Spinnaker:
alarge,light,balloon-shaped
sail
setwhenreachingor running.
Splice:tojoin ropes
or wires
byunlaying
thestrands
andinterweaving
them.
Splitpin:seeCotter
pin.
Spreaders:horizontalstruts
attached
tothe
mast,whichextendtotheshrouds
and
help
tosupportthe
mast.
Stall: asailstallswhentheairflowover
it
breaksup,causingtheboat
to lose
way.
Stanchion:uprightmetal
post
bolted
tothe
deckto support
guardrails or lifelines.
Standing
parh thepartof a linenotused
whenmaking
aknot;the
part
ofarcpe
which
ismadefast,or around
whichtheknotis
tied.
Standingrigging: theshrouds
andstays
which arepermanently set
up andsupport
themasts.
Starboard:
right-handsideofa
boat
looking
forward
(opp.
ofporl).
Starboardtack: aboatison
thestarboard
tack
when
thewindstrikes
thestarboard
side
fustandtheboomisouttoporf.
Stay:
wire
or
ropewhichsupports
the
mast
in aforeandaftdirection;
part
ofthe
stand'
ing rigging.
Steerageway:aboat
hassteerage
way
when
it hassufficientspeedto allow it to be
steered,
ortoanswerthehelm.
Stem:
thetimeratthebow,
fromthe
keel
upwards,
towhichthe
plankingisattached.
Sternway:
thebackward,
stern-first
move-
mentofaboat.
PAGE
8

GLOSSARYOFSAILING
TERMS
Stringer: a foreand
aftmember,fittedto
,trengthentheframes.
T
Taclc I, the
lower
forwardcorner
ofasail;
2,
to turn theboat
through
thewind so
thatit
blows
ontheopposite
sideofthesails.
Tacking:working
towindwardbysailing
close-hauled
on alternate
courses
sothat
the
windisfirston
oneside
oftheboat,
then
ontheother.
Thckpennant alength
ofwirewith aneye
in eachend,used
to raisethe tack of a
headsailsome
distance
offthedeck.
Tackle:a purchase
system
comprisingof
ropeandbloch,s
whichisused
togain
me-
chanicaladvantage.
Thng:astrong
metal
fittingbywhichstand'
ingrigging
isattached
tothe
mastorother
spar.
Tenderofdinghy:
asmall
boatused
toferry
storesand
people
toayacht.
Terminalfitting: fittingattheend
ofawire
rope
bywhichashroudor stqycan
be
at-
tachedtothe
mast,atangor
ariggingscran/
turnbuckle.
Tide:the
vertical
riseandfalloftheoceans,
. caused
principally
bythegravitational
at-
tractionofthemoon.
Toerail: alowstrip
ofmetalormoulding
runningaround
theedge
ofthedeck.
Topping
lift: alinefromthe
mastheadtoa
spar,normallythe
boom,
whichisusedto
raiseit.
Topsides:the
part
ofaboat's
hullwhichis
abovethewaterline.
Thack:l,the coursea
boat
hasmade
good;
2, afitttngon
themast
orboom
intowhich
theslideson
asailfit;3,
afitting
alongwhich
atrwellerruns, used
toalter
thetension
of
thesheets.
Thansit twofixedobjects
areintansit when
seen
inline;two
transits
givepositiony'x.
Traveller: l, aring orhoop
whichcanbe
hauledalongaspar;2,a
fittingwhich
slides
in atack and
isused
toaltertheangleof
the
sheets.
Thim: 1,toadjust
theangle
ofthesails,by
means
ofsfteels,
so
thatthey
workmosteffi-
ciently;
2,
toadjustthe
boat'sload,
andthus
theforeandaft
angleat
which
it floats.
Thuewind: thedfuection
andspeed
ofthe
wind felt whenstationary,
at anchoror on
'- land.
Thrnbuckle:seeRiggingscnew.
U
Underway: aboatisunder
way
whenit is
not madefastto the shore, at anchor
or
aground.
Uphaul:alineusedtoraisesomething
verti-
cally,
e.g.,the
spinnaker
pole.
V
Veer:l, thewindveers
whenit shifts
in a
clockwisedirection;
2, to pay out anchor
cableorropeina
gradual,
controlled
way.
w
Wake:thedisturbedwaterleftastern
of a
boat.
Waterline:thelinealongthe
hullat
whicha
boatfloats.
Waterlinelength
(WL):the
lengthofaboat
from
stemtosternatthewoterline.
It gov-
erns
themaximumspeed
ofadisplacement
hull andaffectsaboat's
ratting.
Weather
helm:
(opp.
of
leehelm).
Weather
side:
thesideofaboatonwhich
thewindisblowing.
Wettedsurface:thearea
ofthe
hull under
water.
Whiskerpole: alightpole used
toholdout
theclewof aheadsail whan
running.
Winch: a
mechanicaldevice,
consistingusu-
ally of a metaldrumturned
by a handle,
around
whicha line is wound
to givethe
crewmore
purchasingpower
when
hauling
tautaline,e.g.,a
jib
sheet
Windage:those
parts
of aboat
whichin-
aeasedrag,e.g.,rigging,spars,
crew,etc.
Windlass:
awinchwith ahorizontal
shaft
and
avertical
handle,used
to haulupthe
anchorchain.
Windward:thedirection
frun whidr
thewind
blows;towards
thewind(opp.
ofleeward).
Y
Yawl: a two mastedboatwith a mizzen
stepped
aft of therudderstock/post.
PAGE
9

EXPLANATION
OFSAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
This
book
contains
safety
precautions
which
mustbe
observed
when
operating
or servicing
yourboat'
Review
andunderstand
these
instructions.
A
Denotes
a reminder
of safety
practices
or directs
attention
to unsafe
practices
whichcouldresult
in
personal
injuryordamage
tothe
craft
orcomponents.
Denotes
anextreme
intrinsic
hazard
exists
which
wo
uldresultinhig
hproba bilityof
death
orirre
pa
rable
injuryif
properprecautions
are
not
taken.
Denotes
ahazardexists
whichcan
result
ininiuryor
death
ifproper
precautons
are
not
taken.
PAGE
10

SAFE
BOATII{G
TIPS
BEPREPARED
Takeasafe
boating
course.In theU.S.,contact
your
locaiCoast
Guard
office
for information.Outsidethe
U.S.,
contact
your
local
Boating
Industry
fordetails.
Carry
allsafety
equipment
requfued
bythelawsthatap-
ply to your area.
Requirements
aregenerally available
from
the
coast
Guard
oryourlocalBoating
Industry.
MINIMUM RECOMMENDED SAFETYEQUIPMENT
. Required
lifesaving
equipment
includinglifevestsand
throwables
. Required
fireextinguishing
equipment
. FirstAid kit
.Emergency
Positionlndicating
Radio
Beacon
(EPIRB)
. Manual
bailing
device
. Anchor
with sufficient
lineand/orchain
. flashlight
withgood
batteries
. Binoculars
VFIF
radio
'-. Navigational
charts
for theappropriate
areas
. Flares
. Fogbell LIFE JACKETS
A life
jacket
maysave
yourlife,butonlyif youwear
it.
Keep
jackets
in a readily
accessible
place
--- not in a
closed
compartment
orstored
underother
gear.
Remove
them
fromtheir
packaging,
if so
provided.
In addition,
throwable
flotation
devices
mustbeimmediately
avail-
able
foruse.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Approved
fireextinguishers
arerequired
onmost
boats, ofeach
fireextinguisher.
Fireextinguishers
are
nonnally
therefore
check
withyourlocal
authorities.
All passen- classified
according
to firetype.Befamiliar
with what
gers
should
know
thelocation
andoperating
procedure typeof fireextinguishers areonboards.
. Noise
emitting
devtce
. Radar
reflector
. Sufficient
food
and
water
provisions
. Auxiliarystarting
battery
. Space
fuses
andbulbs
. Sunglasses
and
sunblock
. Blanket
Therequired
safety
equipment
youmust have
onboard
may
vary
by
regionorbodyofwater.Therefore,
please
check
withthe
localboatingauthorities
priorto leaving
onyourtrip for asafety
examination.
Astheowner
of thecraft,obtaining
andmain'
taining
necessary
safetyequipment
isyourre-
sponsibility.
For
moreinformation
about
equip'
ment
required,
contact
your local
boating
au'
thorities.
LIFE
SAVING
HMARD:ltis especially
important
that children,
handicapped
people
and non'
swimmers
weara life
jacketat alltimes.
Chil'
drenand non-swimmers
need
special
instruc'
tioninthe
use
oflife
iackets.
PAGE
11

EXPLANATION
OFSAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
Mostboats
operating
oncoastal
waters
are
required
to
carry
approved
visual
distress
signals,
therefore
check
withyourlocal
authorities
as
towhichtype
arerequired.
FLARES
DRUGS
AND BOATING
WHILE UNDERWAY
Donotdrink
alcohol
while
boating.
Thecombination
of
noise,sun,
windand
motion
allcornbine
to produce
fa-
tigue
on
the
water.
The
effects
ofalcohol
are
greater
on
thewaterthan
onland.
BEFOREGETTING UNDERWAY
. LeaveaFloatplan(example
included). . Check
theweather.
Do not ventureout if theweather
. Perform
aPre-Departure
checklist
(example
included). is,or will be,threatening'
. Keep
a goodlookout.
Thisisespecially
trueof sail-
boats.
Keep
a
watchto
leeward
under
theheadsail.
Keep
away
fromsw'immers,
divers,
andskiers.
. Knowand
obeY
local
boating
laws.
.Respect
bad
weather,
and
be
prepared
forquickly
chang-
insconditions.
FIRE/EXPLOSION
HAZARD;
Pyrotechnic
signal-
ing
devices
can
cause
injury
and
properlydam-
age if not handled properly. Follow
manufacturer's
directions
regarding
the
proper
use
ofsignaling
devices.
IMPAIRED
OPER^ATION
HAZARD;
Operating
any
boat
while
intoxicated
orunderthe
influence
of
other
drugs
is bothdangerous
andillegal.
lm-
paired
vision
or
judgmenton
the
water
may
lead
toaccidents
and
Personal
iniury.
COLLISION
HAZARD;
Use
extra
caution
in
shal-
low
water
orwhere
underwater/floating
obiects
maybe present.
Hitting
an obiect
at speed
or
severe
angle
canseriously
iniure
peopleand
damage
your
boat.
PAGE
12