IFR 6970 User manual

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Operating Manual
i
RF POWER METER
6970
IFR Ltd. 2000
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or recorded by any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing by IFR Ltd.
Printed in the UK
Manual part no. 46882-182
Issue 12
23 February 2000
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46882-182 App-A-1
Appendix A
POWER MEASUREMENT ERROR ANALYSIS
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................A-1
ERROR SOURCES...................................................................................................A-1
Instrumentation Error.....................................................................................A-1
Mismatch Error..............................................................................................A-1
Power reference uncertainty ..........................................................................A-2
Calculating measurement uncertainty............................................................A-2
Typical uncertainty calculations....................................................................A-3
INTRODUCTION
The 6970 uses the customary technique of power measurement of a sensor element at the
power source with a remote signal processing unit. By using a microcontroller and digital signal
processing techniques, sensor correction, calibration and zeroing factors can be used to give the
best enhancement of measurement accuracy.
RF power measurements are never free from uncertainties. These can be due to
instrumentation error, mismatch uncertainty and sensor calibration uncertainty. Significant
measurement errors are possible unless these uncertainties are reduced to a minimum.
ERROR SOURCES
Instrumentation Error
The instrumentation error comes from component tolerances and calibration uncertainty
of the power meter. The total instrumentation accuracy of 6970 is typically ±0.5 %.
Mismatch Error
Large uncertainties can arise from either sensor or source mismatches. The first effect of
these mismatches is to cause a transmission loss, i.e. the sensor does not receive the maximum
available power from the source. The second effect is multiple reflections occurring between the
source and the sensor causing unpredictable transmission losses.
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POWER MEASUREMENT ERROR ANALYSIS
App-A-2 46882-182
Power reference uncertainty
When the power reference is used to calibrate the power meter and the power sensor
together, the accuracy of the reference oscillator becomes part of the overall measurement
uncertainty.
Calculating measurement uncertainty
For a source and load having complex reflection coefficients of ΓSand ΓLrespectively,
the ratio of transmitted power to maximum available power is as follows:-
P
PO
SL
SL
L=−




−





−
1212
12
ΓΓ
ΓΓ
This has a maximum of:
()
1212
12
−




−





−
SL
SL
ΓΓ
ΓΓ
and a minimum of:
()
1212
12
−




−





+
SL
SL
ΓΓ
ΓΓ
Uncertainty is usually quoted as a percentage uncertainty.
From the previous formula:-
Positive uncertainty
()
=×+ −





100 1 21
SL
ΓΓ %
Negative uncertainty
()
=×− −





100 1 21
SL
ΓΓ %
The positive and negative uncertainties are essentially the same for low reflection
coefficients, but as the reflection coefficients increase the positive uncertainty increases more
rapidly than the negative uncertainty. If the source and load matches are quoted as VSWRs then
they may be converted to reflection coefficients by the following simple formula:-
Γ= −
+
S
S1 1where S is the VSWR
If the reflection coefficients are small, typically less than 0.15, the positive and negative
uncertainties can be taken to be equal and the uncertainty can be approximated by:-
Percentage uncertainty =×
200 SL
Γ
Γ
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POWER MEASUREMENT ERROR ANALYSIS
46882-182 App-A-3
Typical uncertainty calculations
(1) Calculate the mismatch uncertainty for a source reflection coefficient of 0.33 and a
sensor reflection coefficient of 0.05.
Positive uncertainty = 100 ×((1 + 0.33 ×0.05) 2−1)
= 100 ×((1 + 0.0165) 2−1)
= 100 ×(1.0333 −1)
= 3.33%
Negative uncertainty = 100 ×((1 - 0.33 ×0.05) 2−1)
= 100 ×((1 - 0.0165) 2−1)
= 100 ×(0.9673 −1)
= –3.27%
(2) Calculate the uncertainties for the source VSWR of 1.3:1 and a sensor VSWR of
1.05:1.
The VSWRs must first be turned in to reflection coefficients.
S
Γ=−
+==
13 1
13 1 03 23 0 130
.
.. ..
L
Γ=−
+==
105 1
105 1 005 205 0 024
.
.. ..
As both the source and sensor reflection coefficients are low we can apply the
approximation formula described previously.
Percentage uncertainty = 200 ×0.13 ×0.024
=±0.624%
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ii 46882-182
CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS
Chapter 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
Chapter 3 OPERATION
Chapter 4 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Appendix A POWER MEASUREMENT ERROR ANALYSIS
INDEX
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46882-182 iii
PRECAUTIONS
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS and NOTES
These terms have specific meanings in this manual:
WARNINGS contain information to prevent personal injury.
CAUTIONS contain information to prevent damage to the equipment.
Notes contain important general information.
HAZARD SYMBOLS
The meaning of hazard symbols appearing on the equipment is as follows:
Symbol Nature of hazard
Toxic hazard
Class II supply
Static sensitive component
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF USE
This product is designed and tested to comply with the requirements of IEC/EN61010-1
‘Safety requirements for electronic measuring apparatus’, for Class III hand-held equipment and
is for use in a pollution degree 2 environment. The equipment is designed to operate from an
installation Category I supply.
Equipment should be protected from the ingress of liquids and precipitation such as rain,
snow, etc. When moving the instrument from a cold to a hot environment, it is important to
allow the temperature of the instrument to stabilise before it is connected to the supply to avoid
condensation forming. The instrument must only be operated within the environmental
conditions specified in Chapter 1, ‘Performance Data’.
This product is not approved for use in hazardous atmospheres or medical applications. If
the equipment is to be used in a safety-related application, e.g. avionics or military applications,
the suitability of the product must be assessed and approved for use by a competent person.
WARNING - TOXIC HAZARDS
Some of the components used in this equipment may include resins and other materials
which give off toxic fumes if incinerated. Take appropriate precautions, therefore, in the disposal
of these items.
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iv 46882-182
WARNING - NICKEL CADMIUM
A Nickel-cadmium battery is used in this equipment. Do not crush or otherwise mutilate,
as corrosive electrolyte can be released. Do not incinerate as they may explode or release toxic
fumes.
WARNING - POWER ADAPTER
The supplied power adapter has been designed and tested in accordance with BS EN
60950 (IEC 950) ‘Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business
equipment’, and meets the ‘SELV’ requirements of products with low voltage DC supply inputs.
The adapter conforms with IEC safety Class II incorporating double insulation in its
construction, and does not require a protective ground connection.
No user serviceable parts are contained within the adapter and no attempt should be made
to open the case.
Where a supply lead is fitted to adapters incorporating an integrally fused plug ensure that
the fuse rating is commensurate with the current requirements of the adapter. See under
‘Performance data’ in Chapter 1 for power requirements.
CAUTION - LCD HANDLING
When using this equipment take care not to depress the front of the display module, as
this may damage the liquid crystal elements.
CAUTION - STATIC SENSITIVE COMPONENTS
This equipment contains static sensitive components which may be damaged by handling
- refer to the Maintenance part of the Service Manual for handling precautions.
CAUTION - PRECISION CONNECTOR
The precision Type N connector fitted to this instrument (Option 001 only) may be
damaged by mating with a non-precision type. Damage to the connector may also occur if the
connector interface parameters are not within specification. The connector should be checked
with the appropriate gauging tool.
CAUTION - SUITABILITY FOR USE
This equipment has been designed and manufactured by IFR Ltd. to for making power
measurements in the range 0.1 nW to 25 W over a wide range of frequencies using the IFR 6900
series of power sensors.. IFR Ltd. has no control over the use of this equipment and cannot be
held responsible for events arising from its use other than for its intended purpose.
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46882-182 v
PRECAUTIONS
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS et NOTES
Les termes suivants ont, dans ce manuel, des significations particulières:
WARNINGS contient des informations pour éviter toute blessure au personnel.
CAUTIONS contient des informations pour éviter les dommages aux équipements.
Notes contient d’importantes informations d’ordre général.
SYMBOLES SIGNALANT UN RISQUE
La signification des symboles liés à cet équipement est la suivante:
Symbole Nature du risque
Danger produits toxiques
Class II supply
CONDITIONS GENERALES D’UTILISATION
Ce produit e été conçu et testé pour être conforme aux exigences des normes
CEI/EN61010-1 « Spécifications des conditions de sécurité pour instruments de mesure
électronique », pour des quipements Classe III qui tiennent dans la main et pour une utilisation
dans un environnement de pollution de niveau 2. Cet équipement est conçu pour fonctionner à
partir d'une alimentation de catégorie I.
Cet équipement doit être protégé de l'introduction de liquides ainsi que des précipitations
d'eau, de neige, etc... Lorsqu'on transporte cet instrument d'un environnement chaud vers un
environnement froid, il est important de laisser l'instrument se stabiliser en température avant de
le connecter à une alimentation afin d'éviter toute formation de condensation. L'instrument doit
être utilisé uniquement dans les conditions d'environnement spécifiées dans le chapitre 1 «
Performances » du manuel d'utilisation.
Ce produit n’est pas garanti pour fonctionner dans des atmosphères dangereuses ou pour
un usage médical. Si l'équipement doit être utilisé pour des applications en relation avec la
sécurité, par exemple des applications militaires ou aéronautiques, la compatibilité du produit
doit être établie et approuvée par une personne compétente.
WARNING - DANGER PRODUITS TOXIQUES
Certains composants utilisés dans cet appareil peuvent contenir des résines et d'autres
matières qui dégagent des fumées toxiques lors de leur incinération. Les précautions d'usages
doivent donc être prises lorsqu'on se débarrasse de ce type de composant.
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vi 46882-182
WARNING - NICKEL CADMIUM
Une batterie au cadmium nickel est utilisée dans cet équipement.
Ne pas l'écraser ou la broyer, l'électrolyte contenu est corrosif. Ne pas l'incinérer cela risque de
provoquer l'explosion et le dégagement de fumées toxiques.
WARNING - ADAPTATEUR SECTEUR
L’adaptateur secteur fourni avec l’appareil a été conçu et testé en conformité avec la
norme BSEN 60950 (CE 950) “Sécurité de équipements de technologie de l’information et
équipements électriques industriels” et suit les recommandations “SELV” des produits
comportant des entrée continues à faible voltage. L’adaptateur possédant d’origine une double
isolation conformément à la norme CEI “Sécurité Classe II”, ne requière pas de retour à la masse.
L’adaptateur ne contient pas de composants réparables et il faut absolument éviter
d’ouvrir la prise.
Lorsque le câble d’alimentation connecté à l’adaptateur contient un fusible, il faut vérifier
qu’il soit bien dimensionné.
Voir chapitre 1 “Performance data” pour la consommation.
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46882-182 vii
VORSICHTSMASSNAHMEN
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS und NOTES
Diese Hinweise haben eine bestimmte Bedeutung in diesem Handbuch:
WARNINGS dienen zur Vermeidung von Verletzungsrisiken.
CAUTIONS dienen dem Schutz der Geräte.
Notes enthalten wichtige Informationen.
GEFAHRENSYMBOLE
Die Gefahrensymbole auf den Geräten sind wie folgt:
Symbol Gefahrenart
Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen
Class II supply
ALLGEMEINE HINWEISE ZUR VERWENDUNG
Dieses Produkt wurde entsprechend den Anforderungen von IEC/EN61010-1
"Sicherheitsanforderungen für elektronische Meßgeräte ", Klasse III, für Betrieb in der Hand zur
Verwendung in einer Grad 2 verunreinigten Umgebung, entwickelt und getestet. Dieses Gerät ist
für Netzversorgung Klasse I zugelassen.
Das Meßgerät sollte vor dem Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten sowie vor Regen, Schnee etc.
geschützt werden. Bei Standortänderung von kalter in wärmere Umgebung sollte das Meßgerät
wegen der Kondensation erst nach Anpassung an die wärmere Umgebung mit dem Netz
verbunden werden. Das Meßgerät darf nur in Umgebungsbedingungen wie in Kapitel 1
"Leistungsdaten (Performance data)" der Bedienungsanleitung beschrieben, betrieben werden.
Dieses Produkt ist nicht für den Einsatz in gefährlicher Umgebung (z.B. Ex-Bereich) und
für medizinische Anwendungen geprüft. Sollte das Gerät für den Einsatz in sicherheitsrelevanten
Anwendungen wie z.B. im Flugverkehr oder bei militaerischen Anwendungen vorgesehen sein,
so ist dieser von einer für diesen Bereich zuständigen Person zu beurteilen und genehmigen.
WARNING - WARNUNG VOR GIFTIGEN SUBSTANZEN
In einigen Bauelementen dieses Geräts können Epoxyharze oder andere Materialien
enthalten sein, die im Brandfall giftige Gase erzeugen. Bei der Entsorgung müssen deshalb
entsprechende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden.
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viii 46882-182
WARNING - NICKEL CADMIUM
Eine Nickel-Cadmium-Batterie ist in diesem Gerät eingebaut.
Das Gerät nicht beschädigen oder verbrennen, da ätzende Elektrolyte freigesetzt wird.
Die Batterie kann dabei explodieren oder giftige Gase freisetzen.
WARNING - NETZADAPTER
Der mitgelieferte Netzadapter ist entsprechend der Norm BS EN 60950 (IEC 950) für die
Sicherheit datentechnischer Anlagen, inklusive elektrischer Büromaschinen, ausgelegt und
getestet worden. Er entspricht den “SELV” Richtlinien für Geräte mit niedrigen
Gleichspannungsversorgungen.
Der Adapter entspricht mit doppelter Isolation der IEC Sicherheitsklasse II und benötigt
keinen Masse-Schutzleiter.
Der Adapter enthält keine reparier- oder austauschbaren Teile und darf nicht geöffnet
werden.
Falls ein Netzkabel und ein Stecker mit eingebauter Sicherung verwendet werden,
beachten Sie bitte, daß die Sicherung den elektrischen Werten des Adapters entspricht. Weiter
Information zur Leistungsaufnahme finden Sie unter “Leistungsdaten” in Kapitel 1.
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46882-182 ix
PRECAUZIONI
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS e NOTES
Questi termini vengono utilizzati in questo manuale con significati specifici:
WARNINGS riportano informazioni atte ad evitare possibili pericoli alla persona.
CAUTIONS riportano informazioni per evitare possibili pericoli all’apparecchiatura.
Notes riportano importanti informazioni di carattere generale.
SIMBOLI DI PERICOLO
Significato dei simboli di pericolo utilizzati nell’apparato:
Simbolo Tipo di pericolo
Pericolo sostanze tossiche
Class II supply
CONDIZIONI GENERALI D’USO
Questo prodotto è stato progettato e collaudato per rispondere ai requisiti della direttiva
IEC/EN61010-1 'Safety requirements for electronic measuring apparatus' per apparati di classe III
palmari e per l'uso in un ambiente inquinato di grado 2. L'apparato è stato progettato per essere
alimentato da un alimentatore di categoria I.
Lo strumento deve essere protetto dal possibile ingresso di liquidi quali, ad es., acqua,
pioggia, neve, ecc. Qualora lo strumento venga portato da un ambiente freddo ad uno caldo, è
importante lasciare che la temperatura all'interno dello strumento si stabilizzi prima di
alimentarlo per evitare formazione di condense. Lo strumento deve essere utilizzato
esclusivamente nelle condizioni ambientali descritte nel capitolo 1 'Performance Data' del
manuale operativo.
Questo prodotto non è stato approvato per essere usato in ambienti pericolosi o
applicazioni medicali. Se lo strumento deve essere usato per applicazioni particolari collegate
alla sicurezza (per esempio applicazioni militari o avioniche), occorre che una persona o un
istituto competente ne certifichi l'uso.
WARNING - PERICOLO SOSTANZE TOSSICHE
Alcuni dei componenti usati in questo strumento possono contenere resine o altri
materiali che, se bruciati, possono emettere fumi tossici. Prendere quindi le opportune
precauzioni nell'uso di tali parti.
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x 46882-182
WARNING - NICHEL CADMIO
Quest ’apparato incorpora una batteria al nichel cadmio.
Non tentare di rompere o comunque di manomettere la batteria in quanto essa contiene un
elettroliti corrosivo. Non incenerire in quanto la batteria può esplodere o emettere dei fumi
tossici.
WARNING - CARICA-BATTERIE
Il carica-batterie fornito è stato progettato e collaudato secondo le raccomandazioni IEC
950 (BS EN 60950) “Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business
equipment” e rispetta I requisiti “SELV” per prodotti alimentati in corrente continua e a bassa
tensione.
Il carica-batterie è conforme con le apparecchiature di classe II di sicurezza IEC con
doppio isolamento e non richiede collegamento di terra di protezione.
Il carica-batterie non contiene parti sostituibili e qualsiasi tentativo di apertura è da
evitare.
Qualora il carica-batterie contenga un fusibile, verificare che sia del giusto amperaggio
(vedi capitolo 1, “Performance data”).
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46882-182 xi
PRECAUCIONES
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS y NOTES
Estos términos tienen significados específicos en este manual:
WARNINGS contienen información referente a prevención de daños personales.
CAUTIONS contienen información referente a prevención de daños en equipos.
Notes contienen información general importante.
SÍMBOLOS DE PELIGRO
Los significados de los símbolos de peligro que aparecen en los equipos son los
siguientes:
Símbolo Naturaleza del peligro
Aviso de toxicidad
Class II supply
CONDICIONES GENERALES DE USO
Este producto ha sido diseñado y probado para cumplir los requerimientos de la
normativa IEC/EN61010-1 "Especificaciones de los requisitos de seguridad para instrumentos
electrónicos de medida", para equipos clase III de mano y para uso en un ambiente con un grado
de contaminación 2. El equipo ha sido diseñado para funcionar sobre una instalación de
alimentación de categorías I.
Debe protegerse el equipo de la entrada de líquidos y precipitaciones como nieve, lluvia,
etc. Cuando se traslada el equipo de entorno frío a un entorno caliente, es importante aguardar la
estabilización el equipo para evitar la condensación. Sólo debe utilizarse el aparato en las
condiciones ambientales especificadas en el capítulo 1 "Especificaciones" o "Performance Data"
del Manual de Instrucciones/Manual de Operación/Funcionamiento.
Este producto no ha sido aprobado para su utilización en entornos peligrosos o en
aplicaciones médicas. Si se va a utilizar el equipo en una aplicación con implicaciones en cuanto
a seguridad, como por ejemplo aplicaciones de aviónica o militares, es preciso que un experto
competente en materia de seguridad apruebe su uso.
WARNING - AVISO DE TOXICIDAD
Alguno de los componentes utilizados en este equipo pudieran incluir resinas u otro tipo
de materiales que al arder produjeran sustancias tóxicas, Por tanto, tome las debidas
precauciones en la manipulación de esas piezas.
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xii 46882-182
WARNING - NIQUEL CADMIO
En este equipo se utiliza una batería de NiquelCadmio.
No las aplaste o rompa ya que podría liberar electrólito corrosivo.
No las queme ya que podría dar lugar a que la batería explote o libere humos tóxicos.
WARNING - ADAPTADOR DE ALIMENTACIÓN A RED AC
El adaptador de alimentación suministrado ha sido diseñado y probado según la normativa
BS EN 60950 (IEC 950) “Seguridad en aparatos de tecnologías de la información, incluyendo
equipamiento eléctrico de oficinas “ y cumple los requerimientos “SELV” de productos con baja
tensión de entrada DC.
El adaptador cumple la normativa de seguridad IEC clase II, está construido con doble
aislamiento y no precisa conexión a toma de tierra de seguridad.
En el interior del adaptador no existen partes reemplazables por el usuario y no debe
hacerse ningún intento de abrir la carcasa.
Si el adaptador tiene instalada una clavija de red con fusible incorporado, asegúrese de
que el valor del fusible está en consonancia con el consumo de corriente del adaptador. Vea el
capítulo 1 “Especificaciones” para obtener detalles del consumo de equipo.
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46882-182 1-1
Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
CONTENTS
Page
CONVENTIONS.......................................................................................................1-1
PURPOSE AND FEATURES OF EQUIPMENT.....................................................1-1
ACCURACY.............................................................................................................1-2
OPERATIONAL FACILITIES.................................................................................1-2
PERFORMANCE DATA..........................................................................................1-3
OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES.............................................................................1-6
SUPPORTED POWER SENSORS...........................................................................1-6
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 General characteristics of 6910, 6920 and 6930 series power sensors
when used with 6970...............................................................................1-7
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1-1 6970 RF Power Meter..............................................................................1-2
CONVENTIONS
The following conventions apply throughout this manual:
CAPS Capitals refer to titles marked on the panel.
[CAPS] Capitals in square brackets indicate key titles.
PURPOSE AND FEATURES OF EQUIPMENT
The 6970 RF Power Meter is a microcontroller controlled RF power meter which
combines the high accuracy and fast, intuitive operation of a quality bench power meter with
battery powered portability.
The unit can be used to measure RF and microwave power from -70 dBm (0.1 nW) to
+44 dBm (25 W) over a wide range of frequencies using the IFR 6910, 6920 and 6930 series of
power sensors.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
1-2 46882-182
Fig. 1-1 6970 RF Power Meter
ACCURACY
High accuracy is achieved by applying calibration and linearity factor correction. All
power sensors are supplied with individual calibration data. IFR 6900 series sensors all have an
excellent return loss specification to minimise mismatch errors in power measurement.
The integral calibrator provides a precision 0 dBm (1 mW) power reference at 50 MHz to
give the same precision calibration standard as bench instruments.
OPERATIONAL FACILITIES
The instrument front panel consists of a 13 key keypad and a liquid crystal display (LCD)
comprising a 4 digit readout with annunciators. Power levels are displayed on the digital readout
with a peaking meter ’bar graph’underneath for convenient monitoring of power fluctuations with
time. The keyboard is used both to enable measurement functions and enter data
When switched off, the instrument is permanently in a low power standby mode.
Pressing the [ON/ENTER] key will power-up the unit, which will remain active until either the
[OFF] key is pressed, or the microcontroller detects that there has been no keypress for a
continuous period of 6 minutes. The unit will then switch to low power standby mode to prolong
battery life. The auto power off feature can be disabled if required and will be disabled if the
instrument is powered from the AC adapter.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
46882-182 1-3
The instrument settings are automatically stored in non-volatile memory when the unit
powers down, and these settings will be restored when the instrument is switched on again.
The optional AC adapter should be used to re-charge the internal batteries, but can also be
used for powering the unit for bench applications. An optional vehicle DC supply lead enables
the unit to be charged or operated from a standard vehicle cigar lighter socket. New batteries will
provide a minimum of 8 hours continuous use before recharging is required, reducing with
extensive use, high temperature and high humidity.
Limit checking with both upper and lower power limits may be performed, with
convenient audio and visual alarms to alert the user of a measurement that is out of limits.
Sensor calibration and linearity factors can be entered with the dual function keypad. The
6970 and power sensor can also be calibrated using the integral 0 dBm 50 MHz power reference
with traceability to National Standards.
The 6970 is fully auto-ranging, but also has a manual range control facility provided for
fixed range measurements or modulated signals. The display indicates either AUTO or MAN as
appropriate, with indication of under and over-range conditions.
PERFORMANCE DATA
Frequency range 30 kHz to 46 GHz (dependent on sensor).
Power range -70 dBm (0.1 nW) to + 44 dBm (25 W)
(dependent on sensor)
Power sensors supported 6910 series (-30 to +20 dBm)
6920 (-70 to -20 dBm), 6923/24 (-65 to -20 dBm)
6930 series (-15 to +35 dBm)
6930 Series option 002 (−5 to +44 dBm)
Number of inputs 1
Instrumentation accuracy
(including carry over) ±1% range 0, 1, 2 ±5% range 3
Power accuracy ±0.2 dB assuming that calibration using a traceable
0 dBm power reference has taken place.
±2 dB typical when an uncalibrated sensor is used
(all sensors).
Specification applies when measuring a signal in the
centre of the power sensor dynamic range, from a
source with return loss better than 14 dB.
Display
Type LCD
Resolution 4 digits for positive readings
3 digits for negative readings
Units dB, dBm, nW, µW, mW, W, mV, V, dBV
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GENERAL INFORMATION
1-4 46882-182
Annunciators Analogue bargraph
Battery low indicator.
Indication of auto-ranging or manual range.
Upper and lower limits.
Correction
Linearity Factor Ability to enter in range 0.01 to 15 with 0.01
resolution. Defaults to standard setting.
Calibration Factor Ability to enter in range 0.01% to 200%.
Resolution: 0.01 to 99.99%.
0.1, 100% and above.
Auto-Calibration Ability to calibrate against a 0 dBm 50 MHz
reference. This may be internal or a suitable
external source.
Auto-Zero Removes DC offset from amplifier gain stages and
sensor.
Set accuracy <400 nW (6910 series)
<100 pW (6920), <200 pW (6923/24)
<12 µW (6930 series)
Drift When measured over one hour at constant
temperature.
±10 nW (6910 series)
±100 pW (6920 series)
±300 nW (6930 series)
Noise As averaged over 5 seconds.
±100 nW (6910 series)
±100 pW (6920 series)
±3 µW (6930 series)
Facilities
Averaging Selected automatically
dB relative Ability to select the current measurement value, or a
user defined value as an offset for relative power
measurements.
Duty cycle Enables entry of duty cycle of pulsed signal in the
range 0.01% to 100%. The 6970 calculates the peak
value of the pulsed signal from the average power
measured by the sensor.
Audio limit Produces audible tones when the measured power is
above or below programmed limits.
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