Intecolor 2405 User manual

USER·S MANUAL
for the
INTECOLOR 2495 TERMINAL
999378
10/16/83
V.-2.7 / 2.8

USERI S MANUAL
for the
INTECOLOR 2405 TERMINAL
999378
10/16/83
V.-2.7/2.8
WARNING
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and may cause interference to radio communications if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions in this
manual. The equipment's radio frequency emissions have been
measured and found to be within the limits established in FCC
Rules, Part 15, Subpart J, for Class A computing devices. These
rules are designed to limit interference by such devices to
levels considered reasonable for commercial environments. If the
user operates this equipment in a residential environment he will
be likely to cause interference for which he can be required to
take corrective action at his own expense.
CCR Intecolor Corporation
225 Technology Park/Atlanta
Norcross, Georgia 30092
Telephone: [phone]
TWX: 810/766-1581
Copyright (C) 1983 by Intecolor Corporation. All rights reserved.

NOTICE
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form by
any
means without the prior written consent of the Intecolor Corporation.
Neither the Intecolor Corporation, nor its parent company, Intelligent
Systems Corporation assumes any responsibility for errors or omissions
which
may appear in this document or any liability for loss or damage
resulting from the use of information contained in it. The Intecolor
Corporation reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes
in its content without obligation to notify any person of such revisions or
changes.
No warranty of any kind is made or implied with regard to the firmware
described in this document and to its merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. This firmware is furnished under a license agreement
and
may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
This printing of the 2405 User I s Manual has been revised to cover
software
versions up to and including V2.8.
To report errors in the manual or software bugs, please complete and
return the Software Problem Report form at the back of the manual.
VT52™
is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard,
Massachusetts.
Copyright (C) 1983 by Intecolor Corporation. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE 2485
OVERVIEW
MODES OF OPERATION
DISPLAY CAPABILITIES
Display Organization
Character Sets
Screen Saver
'mE KEYBOARD
Special Purpose Keys
Alphanumeric Keys
Keys which Generate ASCII Control Codes
Function Keys
PF (Private Function) Keys
Numeric Keypad Keys
Cursor Control Keys
TERMINAL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
Power Switch and Line Fuse
Audible
Indicators
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.11
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.18
1.18
1.18
PART 'lWO: INSTALLATION, INTERCONNECTION AND PatlER-UP 2.1
lllilPACKIN} AND INSPECI'ING A NEW TERMINAL
'mE OPERATI~ ENVIRONMENT
PCWER-UP AND PRELIMINARY TESTING
Initial Test
INTERCONNECTION
PART THREE: SETUP, TESTING AND ON-LINE OPERATION
SETTING UP THE TERMINAL
Items on the Main Setup Menu
Summary of Terminal Setup Options
HOST-TERMINAL COMMUNICATIONS
Software Handshaking
Terminal
Control Codes
'mE TERMINAL'S SELF-TEST CAPABILITIES
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.11
3.11
3.11
3.12
3.14

PART FOUR: OPERATION IN THE ANSI X3.64 MODE
ANSI CONl'ROL SmUENCES
Command Structure
Examples of Valid ANSI Sequences
A Note
on Erroneous Commands
ANSI X3. 64 CavIMAND SmUENCE LISl'ING
PART FIVE: VT52 MODE OPERATION
Ca-tMAND SmUENCES WHIOI REPLACE ANSI SmUENCES
NEW COMMAND SmUENCES
ALTERNATE KEY CODES
APPENDICES
'!HE ASCII CODE
GLOSSARY OF TERMS (ANSI)
TERMINAL CONl'ROL CODES
SUMMARY OF ANSI SmUENCES - By Mnemonic
SUMMARY OF ANSI SmUENCES - By Function
SUMMARY OF ANSI SmUENCES - By Code
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE 24e5
LIGHT PEN OPERATION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
24e5 Character Set
Keyboard
CPU, Program Menory and I/O
Display
Memory and Display Generator
Interconnecting Wiring
Analog
Video Amplifiers
SOF'lWARE PROBLEM REPORT
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.5
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
A.l
B.l
C.l
D.l
E.l
F.l
G.l
H.l
le23e7
le1953
le1959,
sheet 1
le1959,
sheet 2
le1962
le1965
le1976

Figure
1.1
1.2
1.3
3.1
3.3
Table
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.2
3.4
4.1
Figures in the Text
Description
Functional Block Diagram
Display
Organization
Keyboard Layout
Main Setup Menu
Horizontal Tabs
Tables in the Text
Description
Alpha Key Codes
Numeric and
Punctuation Key Codes
Keyboard Generation of Control Codes
Default Assignments for Function Keys
PF Key Codes
Numeric
Keypad Key Codes
Cursor
Key Codes
Keyboard Connector
Pin Assignments.
Host Connector
Pin Assignments
Printer Connector Pin Assignments
Light Pen Connector Pin Assignments
Baud Rates
Terminal Control Codes
PUl,
SS2
and SS3
Sequences
1.2
1.5
1.8
3.2
3.8
~
loll
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.15
1.16
1.17
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.7
3.13
4.34-ff

PART
ONE

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE 2495
OVERVIEW
The Intecolor 2405 is a data terminal, a device which an operator uses
to communicate with a host computer and to control auxiliary equipment like
printers and plotters.
Though they are physically unified, the 2405's components have two
logically distinct functions. The keyboard acts as an input device for the
host computer, while the display screen acts as an output device for the
host computer. These two devices can function in a simultaneous and
independent
fashion. Data can be transmitted from the keyboard to the host
while different data are transmitted fram the host to the display. This
type
of operation is called full duplex.
The 2405
belongs among those terminals which are popularly
characterized as "intelligent" because they have camputing capabilities of
their own. These capabilities are provided by microelectronic devices, in
particula~ by large scal~ integrated circuits which function as processors
and memor1es. In general, the presence of such capabilities at the
terminal is doubly advantageous: first, because the host's workload can be
minimized
(especially important in time-sharing situations); second,
because host programming can be considerably simplified.
The 2405's computing capabilities allow it to respond to commands
which are very simple in form, yet require very complex operations for
their execution. The operations of which the terminal is capable include
all those needed to construct multicolored displays of text and/or graphs
from
data supplied according to either of two protocols. These protocols
include the device independent and otherwise very flexible ANSI Standard
X3.64 protocol, and the widely used DEC VT52 protocol.
The 2405's main functional elements are represented in the diagram on
the next page (Figure 1.1). Data enter and leave the terminal in serial
form through two bidirectional ports. One of these ports is used for the
keyboard and for a printer. The other is-used for the host.
Within the terminal, data are handled eight bits in parallel by a
microprocessor. Associated with the processor is a read-only program
memory and a read/write Setup memory, which stores the values defining
terminal operating conditions such as baud rate, type of parity, etc. This
Copyright (C) 1983
-1.1-
by Inteco1or Corporation

Introduction
memory is equipped with a battery which permits it to remember settings
between operating sessions.
The processor can read or write data at a two page display memory.
Data fram the memory is used by a display generator to construct video and
sync signals. The video signals control the operation of three electron
guns in the CRT. The sync signals control the production of signals which
deflect the electron beams produced by the guns to produce a raster scan of
the display screen. (Further information about display capabilities is
provided on the following pages.)
HOST
PRINTER
KEYBOARD
Copyright (C) 1983
INTECOLOR 2405
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
DATA BUSS BDI - BD7
CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT
DISPLAY
MEMORY
REflESH ORA
IROIf-IItOII
SYSTEM ADDRESS BUSS BA'- BAIS
DISPLAY
GENERATOR
+70V +SV +12V -12V LINE SYNC
POWER SUPPLIES
AC LINE
SYIIC ANALOG
UNIT
(Figure 1.1)
-1.2-
by Inteco1or Corporation

fv'DDES OF OPERATION
., Setup Mode
e ANSI X3. 64 Mode
• V'l52 Mode
• Belf-test Mode
Copyright (C) 1983
Introduction
A local mode of operation, entered from the
keyboard. Used to select the values of
parameters governing host/terminal
communications (baud rate, parity, etc.) and
other operating conditions, and to check
status.
The terminal's display unit provides a Setup
Menu representing current conditions. Menu
items are selected from the keyboard.
An on-line mode, full duplex, with
selectable local echo, entered at power-up
(when
the terminal is appropriately set up),
from Setup Mode, or from VT52 mode upon
receipt of an appropriate command from the
keyboard or the host.
The terminal's display represents a page of
text having 24 lines, 80 characters per
line, or a graphic coordinate system with
limits defined by the points (0,0) and (159,
95).
An on-line mode, full duplex, with
selectable local echo, entered at power-up
(when
the terminal is appropriately set up),
from Setup Mode or fram ANSI Mode following
receipt of an appropriate command from the
keyboard or host.
Display capabilities are the same as those
for ANSI Mode.
A local mode, entered automatically at
terminal power-up and upon the receipt of an
appropriate command from the keyboard or
host.
The screen is used to display test patterns
and error messages. When no error is found,
the terminal reverts automatically to one of
its other modes.
-1.3-
by Inteco1or Corporation

Introduction
DISPLAY
CAPABILITIES
The
method used
to
create
displays
involves
the
electronic
division
of
the
display
area
on
the
screen
to
form a
matrix
of
cells
in
which
characters
or
plot
blocks can be
represented.
Display
Organization
The
dimensions
of
the
character
cell
matrix
are
80
character
cells
horizontally
and
24
character
cells
vertically.
Accordingly,
the
display
area
can
represent
a page
of
text
having
24
lines,
each
line
having
up
to
80
characters.
In
graphic
displays,
each
character
cell
represents
some
combination
of
up
to
8
plot
blocks.
A
graph
is
constructed
of
plot
blocks
on
an
(x,y)
coordinate
system
in
which x
is
an
integer
between
0
and
159
and y
is
an
integer
between
0
and 95.
Each
character
cell
resolves
to
a 6 x 12
pixel
matrix,
in
which
characters
and
plot
blocks
are
represented
as
patterns
of
colored
dots.
Each
character
cell
as
a whole
is
treated
as
an element
of
the
display.
A
memory
register
is
assigned
to
each
character
cell,
whose
content
is
defined
by
a
data
word
written
into
the
associated
register.
The
address
of
each
memory
register
corresponds
to
the
position
of
a
character
cell
in
the
display
area,
and
the
memory
furnishes
the
standard
resolution
display
generator
with
a sequence
of
data
words
in
step
with
the
progress
of
the
sweep
of
the
CRT's beams from
cell
to
cell
over
the
screen.
The
data
words
stored
in
the
memory
array
define
the
contents
of
the
character
cells
in
two
ways.
On
the
one hand, they
single
out
characters
from
the
terminal's
character
set
or
plot
block
set.
On
the
other
hand,
they
determine
a background
combination
for
the
display
of
the
selected
character
the
blink
or
underscore
attribute
of
the
character.
eight
foreground
colors
are
displayable.
and foreground
color
or
plot
block(s)
and
Eight
background and
The
data
words
held
in
memory do
not
represent
directly
the
dot
patterns
and
dot
colors
which
represent
characters
and
plot
block groups.
Instead,
they
point
to
registers
in
read-only
memories where a code
for
each
displayable
character
and
color
combination
is
permanently
stored.
Accordingly,
when
the
contents
of
the
standary
resolution
display
memory
are
changed,
the
content
of
an
entire
character
cell,
i.e.,
a
character
and/or
color,
is
changed.
Color
control
is
possible
with
ANSI
sequences and
with
the
FG/BG
key,
used
in
combination
with
keys
Q,
W,
E,
R,
T,
Y,
U
and
I.
(See
the
SGR
sequences
described
in
Part
Four
and
the
keyboard
description
below
for
further
information.)
The
size
of
the
2405's
character
cell
matrices
permits
the
display
of
the
ASCII
characters
with
standard
resolution
and,
in
addition,
the
display
Copyright
(C)
1983
-1.4-
by
Inteco1or
Corporation

Introduction
Display Organization
(Figure 1.2)
r-- 80 CHAR SPACES (480 DOTS) I
I} ....
", ..............
\,', ............
l
24 ROWS
OF CHAR SPACES
(288 DOTS)
\'" ......
'" ...
\ " ggg --, J
\ " f=.0,:.;oo=+--I I
\ ,
\ 12
\
t---t--t DOTS
~------------~~ ~+-------~
\ \
~D~TS-l
25 TH CHAR SPACE
ON THE 11TH ROW
DISPLAY OF THE LETTER aT·
IN THIS SPACE ·DISPLAY
OF A PLDTTING BLDCK
(49,54) IN THIS SPACE
000 000
000
000
0 ••
•••
000 .00
000 .00
000
.00
000
.00
000
.00
000 .00
000 000
000 000
000
000
Copyright eC) 1983
• FOREGROUND
COLOR
a BACKGROUND
COLOR
-1.5-
000 000
000 000
000 000
000000
000 000
000 000
•••
000
•••
000
•••
000
000 000
000
000
000
000
by Inteco1or Corporation

Introduction
of those lower case characters which have descenders in their proper
relations to the other characters.
Character Sets
The character set includes the 96 uppercase and lowercase ASCII
characters, 32 control code symbols and 32 special graphics characters.
The complete character set is represented on a fold-out chart (drawing
#102307) included in the appendices.
The
control code symbols are displayable only following the issuance
of a special ANSI control sequence. When the terminal is in the Control
Representation Mode both ASCII control codes and longer control sequences
are represented on the screen, but these codes and sequences are not
otherwise acted on by the terminal processor. (See the CRM sequences.)
Switching between the ASCII lowercase characters and the special
graphics characters is done in response to <so> and <SI> control codes,
issued by the host or fran the keyboard (when local echo is selected). The
ASCII uppercase characters are always available. (See the ANSI SCS
sequences for fUrther information.)
Graphs
constructed of plot blocks can be displayed in response to ANSI
command sequences which cause points and lines to be drawn. (See the PIO'I'
cOI11!Pands.) Plot blocks resolve to 3 x 3 dots, and there can be up to eight
blocks in a character cell. Blocks can be plotted one at a time, but they
are handled by the display generator as groups of one to eight, like
characters. Accordin91y, when a new block is to be displayed within a
given character cell, the contents of the entire cell are changed. For
example,
if a group of two blocks is already displayed in the 9iven cell it
is replaced with a group of three blocks having the proper positions
relative to one another. This means that the colors of the blocks are not
indepentently controllable.
The 2405 contains two memory arrays which are dedicated to character
cell graphics; each array can hold enough data to define one complete
display. Normally, one page of memory is used for the Setup Mode menu and
the other is used for normal display; accordingly, switching to Setup Mode
does not involve the loss of data.
Screen Saver
A CRT (cathode ray tube) such as that used in the 2405 is subject to
damage by the prolonged display of a fixed image on its screen. Such
display tends to "burn" the image into the screen's phosphors.
The 2405
has automatic equipment which is designed to prevent this
kind of damage and thereby prolong the life of the CRT by limiting the time
a
given image can be displayed on the screen. A display which is not
changed within a period of ten minutes is automatically turned off. The
display returns as soon as there is any activity from the host or
keyboard.
Copyright (C) 1983
-1.6-
by Inteco1or Corporation

Introduction
The screen saver equipment may be enabled or disabled by means of
Setup Mode commands.
THE KEYBOARD
The keyboard is used to generate codes which are transmitted either to
the host computer alone (on-line operation with no local echo), to the
display unit alone (off-line or local operation), or to both host and
display unit (on-line operation with local echo). These codes are ASCII
binary equivalents of characters and control symbols or of groups of these
characters and control symbols.
Within the terminal, the keyboard is assigned a buffer where
keystrokes
are recorded until the proper codes can be generated and sent to
the host computer. If the processing of keystrokes is slowed down or held
up
while the operator continues typing, the buffer can fill up. If this
occurs, an audible indication is given each time a new key is pressed and
the keystroke is ignored. When the terminal has had time to process some
of the keystrokes in the buffer new keystrokes are again accepted. A
buffer overflow is very unlikely to occur unless the Repeat key is held
down.
The standard 2405 keyboard is built in to the cabinet and is connected
to the terminal electronics by a cable and telephone type plug which is
accessible from the rear of the unit. The 2405D has a detatched keyboard
which
is connected to the terminal with a coiled cable terminated with a
standard telephone type plug.
To insure proper operation, the keyboard cable should be securely
plugged into the terminal before power is applied. If the cable plugged in
while the terminal is under power the keyboard might not operate properly.
Several versions of the keyboard are available. These versions differ
mainly with respect to the number of programmable function keys (F0-F23)
installed and to the keys assigned color control functions. Keyboards
supplied with terminals having V2.l through V2.4 software have either
twelve or twenty-four function keys, of which the first seven are marked
with color codes and are used in conjunction with the BG/F key for display
color control. Keyboards supplied with terminals having V2.5 through V2.7
software have color codes on alphabetic keys Q through I and may have zero,
twelve or twenty-four function keys.
The keys are arranged in three major groups. The group of keys to the
operator's right is used to control the display cursor, a blinking line or
other visible sign which marks the position at which the next display
operation will begin.
Copyright (C) 1983
-1.7-
by Inteco1or Corporation

Introduction
24B5 Keyboard Layout
(Figure 1.3)
NUMERIC PAD
OJRSOR PAD
The keys grouped immediately to the left of the cursor pad are
arranged in six rows. The top two rows contain special purpose keys who~e
functions are discussed.below. The bottom four rows constitute a numenc
keypad
similar to those found on standard office machines.
The
main keypad includes alphabetic and numberic keys organized like
the keys on a standard typewriter. These keys have grey caps. When
installed, the programmable function keys are situated above the
alphanumeric keys iiI one or two rows. Many of the ranaining keys have
special functions which are described below.
The
functions of the' various keys ·on the keyboard are described on the
following pages in detail under the following headings:
• Special Purpose Keys
o
The Alphanumeric Keys in the Main Keypad
• Keys Which Generate
ASCII Control Codes
•
Function Keys (F0 - F23)
• PF(Private Function) Keys
• Numeric Keypad Keys
• Cursor
Control Keys
Copyright (C) 1983
-1.8-
by Intecolor Corporation

Special Purpose Keys
D COMMAND lJ
~
~
Introduction
The Setup key is operated while holding down either
of the Shift keys in order to place the ter~minal in
its Setup Mode or to take it out of this mode.
This key is used by itself to enable operation of
the keyboard when it has been disabled by a command
from the host or by the terminal's Self-test
prograrn.
This key never
transmits a code to the host.
When the Break key is operated, the transmission
line to the host is pulled to a logical low state
for 0.2333 seconds (with a ten-percent variation)
and any operation being performed by the terminal
processor (scrolling the display, for example) is
interrupted.
The operation of this key has no effect when the
keyboard has been disabled.
The Command Key is used in conjunction the
alphanumeric keys to generate Escape sequences that
may be assigned functions by the host program. The
key is used by holding it down while striking
another key. When operated by itself it generates
no code.
The
sequences generated when this key is used begin
with <ESC>O. For example, the combination (Comn~d
P) gives the following sequence: <ESC>OP
The Page Print key is used to transfer the contents
of a display to a printer without altering the
display. It sends the following Media Copy (MC)
command sequence: <ESC>[0i
This key can be used when the terminal is operating
in any mode.
Copyright (e) 1983 -1.9- by Intecolor Corporation

copyright (C) 1983
Introduction
The Erase Line key is used to erase the <contents of
the display from the cursor position to the end of
the line. It sends the following Erase Line (EL)
command sequence: <ESC>[0K
This key can be used only when the terminal is
operating in the ANSI X3.64 Mode (local or remote
echo enabled).
The Erase Page key is used to erase the display from
the cursor position to the end of the page. The key
generates the following Erase DisFlay (ED) command
seauence: <ESC>[0J
This key can be used only when the terminal is
operating in the ANSI X3.64 Mode (local er rerrote
echo enabled).
The
FG/BG key is used to change the colers with
which characters and plot blocks are displayed.
Color change is accomplished by striking this key
and then one of the following alphabetic keys:
Q,W,E,R,T,Y,U,I (or, in some units, keys F0-F7).
These keys represent the colors black, red, green,
yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white respectively.
Only characters displayed subsequently, beginrling at
the current cursor position are affected.
Used unshifted with one of the color coded keys, the
FG/BG generates an ANSI SGR foreground coler control
sequence. Shifted, FG/BG generates an ANSI SGR
background color control sequence. When the
tenninal is on line the SGR sequences must be echoed
locally or by the host before they can be acted
upon.
The
Repeat key may be held down together with
another key in order to transmit repeatedly the code
or code sequence generated
by that key.
If this key is used to generate a very long string
of codes while the terminal is operating at a low
baud rate the·· keyboard buffer could overflow.
Therefore, the terminal is equipped with a repeat
rate controller, which lowers the repeat rate
automatically if the buffer fills to a certain
point. (See the PRKC ccmnands.)
-1.10 .....
by InteeoloJ: Corpora,tion

Introduction
The Alphanumeric Keys in the Main Keypad
The alphanumeric keys (including the space bar), with grey caps,
generate the ASCII codes for the uppercase and lowercase alphabetic
characters, numerals and punctuation marks. When these codes are returned
to the terminal, either locally or by the host, they can cause the display
of the characters. In certain modes of operation, these keys can be used
to display special graphics characters.
On some terminals the keys Q, W, E, R, T, Y, U and I are marked with
colored bars. (Others have colored bars on the function keys F0-F7.) The
color coded keys can be used in conjunction with the FG/BG key to generate
ANSI SGR sequences for changing the colors of the display.
Operated by themselves, the alphanumeric keys generate the lowercase
A~CII codes. They are commonly used in conjunction with three other keys,
the two Shift keys and the Alpha Lock key, to produce the uppercase codes.
The
two Shift keys are used interchangeably in
conjunction with other keys to generate the
uppercase ASCII codes. All the alphanumeric keys
except
for the Space Bar and DEL are affected by the
Shift keys. The Shift keys are used by holding
either of them down while operating another key. By
themselves they generate no code.
The Alpha Lock
key, when engaged, makes all the
alphabetic keys uppercase. It does not affect
numeric and special character keys.
The
codes generated with
the alphabetic keys
are
given in
the table
below as hexadecimal numbers.
Alpha
Key Codes -(Table
1.4)
~
Shifted Unshifted
~
Shifted Unshifted
A
41 61 N 4E
6E
B 42 62 0
4F 6F
C 43 63 P 50 7'0
D 44 64
Q
51
71
E
45
65 R
52
72
F 46
66 S
53
73
G 47 67 T 54 74
H 48
68
U
55
75
I 49 69
V
56 76
J 4A
6A W
57
77
K 4B 6B X 58 78
L 4C
6C
y
59
79
M 4D 6D Z
SA
71',
Copyright
(C)
1983
-1.11..,. by
Intecolor Corporation