Interlogix IFS ES2001-4P-4T User manual

P/N 1072680 • REV A • ISS 09MAY14
IFS ES2001-4P-4T User Manual

Copyright
©
2014 United Technologies Corporation.
Interlogix is part of UTC Building &
Industrial Systems, a unit of United Technologies
Corporation. All rights reserved
.
Trademarks and
patents
Tr
ade names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of
the manufacturers or vendors of the respective products.
Manufacturer
Interlogix
2955 Red Hill Avenue
Costa Mesa, CA 92626 5923, USA
EU authorized manufacturing representative:
UTC Fire & Security B.V., Kelvinstraat 7,
6003 DH Weert, The Netherlands
Intended use
Use this product only for the purpose it was designed for; refer to the data sheet and
user documentation for details. For the latest product information, contact your local
supplier or visit us online at www.interlogix.com.
Certification
N4131
FCC compliance
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expr
essly approved by the
party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the
equipment.
ACMA compliance
Notice! This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause
radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Canada
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme á la norme NMB-003du Canada.
European Union
directives
2004/108/EC (EMC Directive): Hereby, UTC Fire & Security declares that this device
is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 2004/108/EC.
2002/96/EC (WEEE directive): Products marked with this symbol cannot be disposed
of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. For proper recycling, return this
product to your local supplier upon the purchase of equivalent new equipment, or
dispose of it at designated collection points. For more information see:
www.recyclethis.info.
Contact Information
For contact information, see
www.interlogix.com or www.utcfssecurityproducts.eu.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
IFS ES2001-4P-4T USER MANUAL ................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................5
1.1 Checklist ...............................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Features ................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Specification.........................................................................................................................................5
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................7
2.1 Product Description.............................................................................................................................7
2.2 Front Panel............................................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 LED indicators ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Rear Panel.............................................................................................................................................8
2.4 Hardware Installation...........................................................................................................................8
2.4.1 Before start up............................................................................................................................. 8
2.5 Desktop Installation.............................................................................................................................9
2.6 Rack Mounting .................................................................................................................................. 10
2.7 Product Application.......................................................................................................................... 11
2.7.1 Connecting end node or switch................................................................................................. 11
2.7.2 Typical Uses:............................................................................................................................. 12
2.8 Examples of Power over Ethernet Powered Device...................................................................... 13
3. SWITCH OPERATION................................................................................................14
3.1 Address Table ................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Learning............................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3 Forwarding & Filtering...................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Store-and-Forward............................................................................................................................ 14
3.5 Auto-Negotiation............................................................................................................................... 14
4. POWER OVER ETHERNET OVERVIEW...................................................................16
What is PoE? ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Mid-Span ............................................................................................................................................ 16
End-Span............................................................................................................................................ 16
PoE System Architecture ....................................................................................................................... 16
How Power is Transferred Through the Cable..................................................................................... 16
When to install PoE? .............................................................................................................................. 17
References............................................................................................................................................... 18
5. THE POE PROVISION PROCESS.............................................................................19
Stages of powering up a PoE link....................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Line Detection ................................................................................................................................... 19

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5.2 Classification..................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Start-up............................................................................................................................................... 20
5.4 Operation ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Power Overloads................................................................................................................................ 20
5.5 Power Disconnection Scenarios ..................................................................................................... 20
DC Disconnect.................................................................................................................................... 20
AC Disconnect.................................................................................................................................... 20
6.TROUBLESHOOTING.................................................................................................22
APPENDIX A NETWORKING CONNECTION...............................................................23
A.1 DATA OUT PoE Switch RJ-45 Port Pin Assignments (Port 1 to Port-4) ..................................... 23
A.2 Switch‘s RJ-45 Pin Assignments (Port-5 to Port-8)...................................................................... 23
A.3 RJ-45 cable pin assignment............................................................................................................ 24
CONTACTING TECHNICAL SUPPORT........................................................................25
Technical Support............................................................................................................................... 25

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1. Introduction
1.1 Checklist
Check the contents of your package for following parts:
ES2001-4P-4T
User's manual CD x1
Power cord x 1
If any of these pieces are missing or damaged, please contact your dealer immediately. If possible, retain the
carton including the original packing material, to repack the product in case there is a need to return it to us for
repair.
1.2 Features
◆8-Port 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet ports
◆4-Port supports 48VDC power to PoE Powered device
◆Hardware based 10/100Mbps auto-negotiation
◆Flow control for full duplex operation and back pressure for half duplex operation
◆Integrates address look-up engine, supports 1K absolute MAC addresses
◆Automatic address learning and address aging
◆Supports Auto MDI/MDI-X function
◆LED indicators for easy network diagnostic
◆Ethernet standards comply with IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet, IEEE 802.3x Flow Control and IEEE
802.3af Power over Ethernet
◆Optional Rack EarAccessories Kit for 10-inch cabinet (RKE-10A) and 19-inch cabinet (RKE-10B)
◆EMI standards comply with FCC, CE class A
1.3 Specification
Model ES2001-4P-4T
Hardware Specification
Network Connector
8-Port RJ-45 for 10/100Base-TX
PoE Inject Port
4-Port with PoE injector function, Port-1 to Port-4
LED Display
One power,
1-4 port PoE in-use, LNK/ACT
5-8 port LNK/ACT
Switch Architecture
Store and Forward switch architecture
Switch Fabric
1.6Gbps
MAC Address
1K MAC address table with Auto learning function
Throughput
1.19Mbps
Remote power feeding
End-point insert type and compatible with IEEE 802.3af

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Per port feeding power: 48V DC, 15.4W, 350mA(Maximum)
(Pin 1, 2, 3, 6)
Power
AC 100~240V, 50/60Hz,
Power Consumption
Max. 65 watts / 221 BTU
Dimension (W x D x H)
217 x 135 x 43 mm
Weight
1.0 kg
Power over Ethernet
PoE Standard
IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet / PSE
PoE Power Supply Type
End-Span
PoE Power Output
Per Port 48V DC, 350mA . Max. 15.4 watts
Power Pin Assignment
1/2(+), 3/6(-)
Power Budget
55 watts
Standard Conformance
EMI Safety
FCC Class A, CE
Operating environment
0~50 degree C, 10%~95%RH
Storage environment
-40 ~70 degree C, 95% RH
Operating Humidity T5% to 90% , relative humidity, non-condensing
Storage Humidity T5% to 90% , relative humidity, non-condensing
Standard Compliance
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3u
IEEE 802.3x
IEEE 802.3af
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Flow Control
Power over Ethernet

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2. Hardware description
This product operates at two different running speeds – 10Mbps or 100Mbps. The switch automatically
distinguishes the speed of incoming connection.
This section describes the hardware features of ES2001-4P-4T. For easier management and control of the Switch,
familiarize yourself with its display indicators, and ports. Front panel illustrations in this chapter display the unit LED
indicators. Before connecting any network device to the ES2001-4P-4T, please read this chapter carefully.
In the following section, the term “Switch”means the Switch device, i.e. ES2001-4P-4T; the term “switch”can be
any third party switches
2.1 Product Description
The ES2001-4P-4T is equipped with unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable ports providing dedicated 10 or 100Mbps
bandwidth. The ES2001-4P-4T supports MDI/ MDI-X for auto sensing the use of either CAT5 ‘patch’ or CAT5
‘crossover’ cables on each of the 8 x 10/100Mbps ports. The Switch also provides PoE injection function on ports
#1, 2, 3, 4, which is able to drive 4 x IEEE 802.3af compliant powered devices. Each 10/100Mbps port can
supports up to 200Mbps of throughput in full-duplex mode, the ES2001-4P-4T also provides a simple,
cost-effective, and highly reliable network connection for data as well as power. Furthermore, it is the ideal device
for bridging among Ethernet, Fast Ethernet workgroups and networks.
With 4 PoE interfaces, the ES2001-4P-4T is ideal for small business and workgroups requiring to deploy the PoE for
the wireless access points, IP-based surveillance camera or IP phones in any places easily, efficiently and cost
effective.
The front panel of ES2001-4P-4T provides LEDs for easy recognition of the switch operation status and
troubleshooting. These LED indicators display the power status for the system, LNK/ACT and speed for
each10/100M port. Also the PoE in use LED indicates for PoE ports (port#1 to port#4).
With data and power over Ethernet from one unit, the ES2001-4P-4T reduces the need for additional cables and
eliminates the need for dedicated electrical outlets on the wall, ceiling or any unreachable place. The CAT5 cable
carries both data and power lowering the installation costs, simplifying the installation effort and eliminating the need
for electricians or extension cords.
2.2 Front Panel
The Front Panel of the ES2001-4P-4T PoE Ethernet Switch consists of 8x Auto-Sensing 10/100Mbps Ethernet
RJ-45 Ports. The LED Indicators are also located on the front panel of the ES2001-4P-4T.
Figure 2-1 ES2001-4P-4T Switch front panel

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2.2.1 LED indicators
System
LED Color Function
PWR Green Lights to indicate that the Switch has power.
Per 10/100Mbps port
LED Color Function
PoE In-use
Green
Lights to indicate the port is providing 48VDC in-line power. (1-4 ports)
LNK/ACT
Green
Lit: Indicates the link through that port is successfully established.
Blinks to indicate that the Switch is actively sending or receiving data over that port.
2.3 Rear Panel
The rear panel of the ES2001-4P-4T has an AC inlet power socket, which accepts input power from 100 to 240VAC,
50-60Hz.
Figure 2-2 ES2001-4P-4T Switch rear panel
Power Notice:
The device is a power-
required device, it means, it will not work till it is powered. If your network is system critical, please
consider using UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) for your device to help prevent data loss or network downtime.
In some areas, installing a surge suppression device may also help to protect your ES2001-4P-4T
from being damaged by
unregulated surge or current to the ES2001-4P-4T or the power adapter.
2.4 Hardware Installation
2.4.1 Before start up
Before your installation, please refer to the following for your cabling:
100Base-TX
All 100Base-TX ports come with Auto-Negotiation capability. They automatically support 100Base-TX and
10Base-T networks. Users only need to plug a working network device into one of the 100Base-TX ports, and then
turn on the ES2001-4P-4T. The port will automatically detect the appropriate speed (10Mbps, 20Mbps, 100Mbps or
200Mbps) after the negotiation with the connected device.

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Cabling
Each 10/100Base-TX port uses RJ-45 sockets for connection of unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP). The IEEE
802.3u Fast Ethernet standard requires Category 5 UTP for 100Mbps 100Base-TX. 10Base-T networks can use
Cat.3, 4, or 5 UTP (see table below). Maximum distance is 100meters (328 feet).
Port Type
Cable Type
Connector
10Base-T
Cat 3, 4, 5, 2-pair
RJ-45
100Base-TX
Cat.5 UTP, 2-pair
RJ-45
Any Ethernet devices like hubs/ PCs can connect to the ES2001-4P-4T by using the appropriate cable. The
eight-10/100Mbps ports are auto-MDI/MDI-X and can be used with ‘straight-through’ or ‘crossover’ cables.
2.5 Desktop Installation
To install the Switch on desktop, simply follow the next steps:
Step 1: Attach the rubber feet to the recessed areas on the bottom of the Switch, as shown in Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 Attaching the rubber feet to the Fast Ethernet Switch
Step 2: Place the Switch on desktop near an AC power source.
Step 3: Keep enough ventilation space between the Switch and the surrounding objects.
Note: When choosing a location, please keep in mind the environmental restrictions discussed in Chapter 1, Section 4, in
Specification.
Step 4: Connect your Switch to 802.3af compatible Power Devices (PD) and other network devices.
A. Connect one end of a standard network cable to the 10/100 RJ-45 ports on the front of the Switch.
B. Connect the other end of the cable to the network devices such as printer servers, workstations or routers…etc.

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Note Connection to the Switch requires UTP Category 5 network cabling with RJ-
45 tips. For more information, please see the
Cabling Specification inAppendixA.
Step 5: Supply power to the Switch.
A. Connect one end of the power cable to the Switch.
B. Connect the power plug of the power cable to a standard wall outlet. When the Switch receives power, the Power
LED should remain solid Green.
2.6 Rack Mounting
To install the Switch in a 10-inch standard rack, follow the instructions described below.
Step 1: Place your Fast Ethernet Switch on a hard flat surface, with the front panel positioned towards your front
side.
Step 2: Attach a rack-mount bracket to each side of the Switch with supplied screws attached to the package.
Figure 2-4 shows how to attach brackets to one side of the Switch.
Figure 2-4 Attaching the brackets to the Switch.
You must use the screws supplied with the mounting brackets. Damage caused to the parts by using
incorrect screws will invalidate the warranty.
Step 3: Secure the brackets tightly.
Step 4: Follow the same steps to attach the second bracket to the opposite side.
Step 5: After the brackets are attached to the Switch, use suitable screws to securely attach the brackets to the
rack, as shown in Figure 2-5.

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Figure 2-5 Mounting the Switch in a Rack
Step 6: Proceeds with the steps 4 and steps 5 of session 2.5 Desktop Installation to connect the network cabling
and supply power to your Switch.
2.7 Product Application
2.7.1 Connecting end node or switch
1. Place the ES2001-4P-4T on a smooth surface or fasten the mounting brackets purchased separately with the
provided screws in a standard 19” rack.
2. Connect the power cord to the power inlet socket of ES2001-4P-4T and the other end into the local power
source outlet. When the Switch receives power, the Power LED should remain solid Green.
3. Connect other switch or PC to one port of the ES2001-4P-4T using Category 3/4/5 UTP/STP cabling.
4. Connect another switch or PC to the other port of ES2001-4P-4T by following the same process as described
in Step 3.

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Figure 2-6 End node or Switch connection
Note:
Cable distance for Switch: The cable distance between the ES2001-4P-4T and PC should not exceed 100 meter for
UTP/STP cable.
Make sure the wiring is correct: It Category 3/4/5 cable can be used in 10 Mbps operation. To reliably operate your
network at 100Mbps, you must use an Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Category 5 cable, or better Data Grade cabling.
Use of CAT3 or CAT4 cables with 100Mbps may cause data loss.
2.7.2 Typical Uses:
Providing up to 4 PoE, in-line power interfaces, the Switch can easily build a power central-controlled IP phone
system, IP camera system, AP group for the enterprise. For instance, 4 camera / AP can be easily installed around
the corner in the company for surveillance demands or build a wireless roaming environment in the offices.
Without the power-socket limitation, the switch makes the installation of cameras or WLAN AP more easily and
efficiently.

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Figure 2-7 Department / workgroup PoE Switch connection
2.8 Examples of Power over Ethernet Powered Device
The below devices are typical examples of PoE powered devices. The power ratings (in watts) are given as a
guideline only. Please refer to the instructions of the powered device for accurate information.
3~5 watts
Voice over IP phones
Enterprise can install POE VoIP Phone, ATA and other Ethernet/non-Ethernet end-devices to the
central where UPS is installed for un-interrupt power system and power control system.
6~12 watts
Wireless LAN Access Points
Museum, Sightseeing, Airport, Hotel, Campus, Factory, Warehouse can install theAccess Point
anywhere with no hesitation
10~12 watts
IP Surveillance
Enterprise, Museum, Campus, Hospital, Bank, can install IP Camera without limits of install
location – no need electrician to install AC sockets.
3~12 watts
PoE Splitter
PoE Splitter split the PoE 48V DC over the Ethernet cable into 5/9/12V DC power output. It frees the
device deployment from restrictions due to power outlet locations, which eliminate the costs for
additionalAC wiring and reduces the installation time.

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3. Switch Operation
3.1 Address Table
The Switch is implemented with an address table. This address table is composed of many entries. Each entry is
used to store the address information of some node in network, including MAC address, port no, etc. This
information comes from the learning process of Ethernet Switch.
3.2 Learning
When one packet comes in from any port, the Switch will record the source address, port no. And the other related
information in address table. This information will be used to decide either forwarding or filtering for future packets.
3.3 Forwarding & Filtering
When one packet comes from some port of the Ethernet Switching, it will also check the destination address
besides the source address learning. The Ethernet Switching will lookup the address-table for the destination
address. If not found, this packet will be forwarded to all the other ports except the port which this packet comes in.
And these ports will transmit this packet to the network it connected. If found, and the destination address is located
at different port from this packet comes in, the Ethernet Switching will forward this packet to the port where this
destination address is located according to the information from address table. But, if the destination address is
located at the same port with this packet comes in, then this packet will be filtered, thereby increasing the network
throughput and availability.
3.4 Store-and-Forward
Store-and-Forward is one type of packet-forwarding techniques. A Store-and Forward Ethernet Switching stores
the incoming frame in an internal buffer, do the complete error checking before transmission. Therefore, no error
packets occurrence, it is the best choice when a network needs efficiency and stability.
The Ethernet Switch scans the destination address from the packet-header, searches the routing table provided for
the incoming port and forwards the packet, only if required. The fast forwarding makes the switch attractive for
connecting servers directly to the network, thereby increasing throughput and availability. However, the switch is
most commonly used to segment existing hubs, which nearly always improves overall performance. An Ethernet
Switching can be easily configured in any Ethernet network environment to significantly boost bandwidth using
conventional cabling and adapters.
Due to the learning function of the Ethernet switching, the source address and corresponding port number of each
incoming and outgoing packet are stored in a routing table. This information is subsequently used to filter packets
whose destination address is on the same segment as the source address. This confines network traffic to its own
respective domain, and reduces the overall load on the network.
The Switch performs "Store and forward" therefore, no error packets occur. More reliably, it reduces the
re-transmission rate. No packet loss will occur.
3.5 Auto-Negotiation
The STP ports on the ES2001-4P-4T switch have built-in "Auto-negotiation". This technology automatically sets the
best possible bandwidth when a connection is established with another network device (usually at Power On or

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Reset). Detecting the modes does this and speeds at the second of both devices are connected and capable of,
both 10Base-T and 100Base-TX devices can connect with the port in either Half- or Full-duplex mode.

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4. Power OVER Ethernet Overview
What is PoE?
Based on the global standard IEEE 802.3af, PoE is a technology for wired Ethernet, the most widely installed local
area network technology adopted today. PoE allows the electrical power necessary for the operation of each
end-device to be carried by data cables rather than by separate power cords. New network applications, such as IP
Cameras, VoIP Phones, and Wireless Networking, can help enterprises improve productivity. It minimizes wires that
must be used to install the network for offering lower cost, and less power failures.
IEEE 802.3af also called Data Terminal equipment (DTE) power via Media dependent interface (MDI) is an
international standard to define the transmission for power over Ethernet. The 802.3af is delivering 48V power over
RJ-45 wiring. Besides 802.3af also define two types of source equipment: Mid-Span and End-Span.
Mid-Span
Mid-Span device is placed between legacy switch and the powered device. Mid-Span is tap the unused wire pairs
4/5 and 7/8 to carry power, the other four is for data transmit.
End-Span
End-Span device is direct connecting with power device. End-Span could also tap the wire 1/2 and 3/6.
PoE System Architecture
The specification of PoE typically requires two devices: the Powered Source Equipment (PSE) and the Powered
Device (PD). The PSE is either an End-Span or a Mid-Span, while the PD is a PoE-enabled terminal, such as IP
Phones, Wireless LAN, etc. Power can be delivered over data pairs or spare pairs of standard CAT-5 cabling.
How Power is Transferred Through the Cable
A standard CAT5 Ethernet cable has four twisted pairs, but only two of these are used for 10BASE-T and
100BASE-T. The specification allows two options for using these cables for power, shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3:
The spare pairs are used. Figure 2 shows the pair on pins 4 and 5 connected together and forming the positive
supply, and the pair on pins 7 and 8 connected and forming the negative supply. (In fact, a late change to the spec
allows either polarity to be used).

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Power Sourcing
Equipment
(PSE)
Powered
Device (PD)
DC/DC
Converter
Spare Pair
Figure 1 - Power Supplied over the Spare Pins
The data pairs are used. Since Ethernet pairs are transformer coupled at each end, it is possible to apply DC power
to the center tap of the isolation transformer without upsetting the data transfer. In this mode of operation the pair on
pins 3 and 6 and the pair on pins 1 and 2 can be of either polarity.
Power Sourcing
Equipment
(PSE)
Powered
Device (PD)
DC/DC
Converter
Spare Pair
Figure 2 - Power Supplied over the Data Pins
When to install PoE?
Consider the following scenarios:
• You're planning to install the latest VoIP Phone system to minimize cabling building costs when your
company moves into new offices next month.
• The company staff has been clamoring for a wireless access point in the picnic area behind the building so
they can work on their laptops through lunch, but the cost of electrical power to the outside is not affordable.

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• Management asks for IP Surveillance Cameras and business access systems throughout the facility, but they
would rather avoid another electrician's payment.
References
IEEE Std 802.3af-2003 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.3-2002, including IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002), 2003
Page(s):0_1-121
White Paper on Power over Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af)

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5. The PoE Provision Process
While adding PoE support to networked devices is relatively painless, it should be realized that power cannot simply
be transferred over existing CAT-5 cables. Without proper preparation, doing so may result in damage to devices
that are not designed to support provision of power over their network interfaces.
The PSE is the manager of the PoE process. In the beginning, only small voltage level is induced on the port's
output, till a valid PD is detected during the Detection period. The PSE may choose to perform classification, to
estimate the amount of power to be consumed by this PD. After a time-controlled start-up, the PSE begins supplying
the 48 VDC level to the PD, till it is physically or electrically disconnected. Upon disconnection, voltage and power
shut down.
Since the PSE is responsible for the PoE process timing, it is the one generating the probing signals prior to
operating the PD and monitoring the various scenarios that may occur during operation.
All probing is done using voltage induction and current measurement in return.
Stages of powering up a PoE link
Stage Action
Volts specified
per 802.3af
Volts managed
by chipset
Detection
Measure whether powered device has the correct signature
resistance of 15–33 KΩ
2.7-10.0 1.8–10.0
Classification
Measure which power level class the resistor indicates
14.5-20.5
12.5–25.0
Startup
Where the powered device will startup
>42
>38
Normal operation Supply power to device 36-57 25.0–60.0
5.1 Line Detection
Before power is applied, safety dictates that it must first be ensured that a valid PD is connected to the PSE's output.
This process is referred to as "line detection", and involves the PSE seeking a specific, 25 KΩ signature resistor.
Detection of this signature indicates that a valid PD is connected, and that provision of power to the device may
commence.
The signature resistor lies in the PD's PoE front-end, isolated from the rest of the PD's circuitries till detection is
certified.
5.2 Classification
Once a PD is detected, the PSE may optionally perform classification, to determine the maximal power a PD is to
consume. The PSE induces 15.5-20.5 VDC, limited to 100 mA, for a period of 10 to 75 ms responded by a certain
current consumption by the PD, indicating its power class.
The PD is assigned to one of 5 classes: 0 (default class) indicates that full 15.4 watts should be provided, 1-3
indicate various required power levels and 4 is reserved for future use. PDs that do not support classification are
assigned to class 0. Special care must be employed in the definition of class thresholds, as classification may be
affected by cable losses.

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Classifying a PD according to its power consumption may assist a PoE system in optimizing its power distribution.
Such a system typically suffers from lack of power resources, so that efficient power management based on
classification results may reduce total system costs.
5.3 Start-up
Once line detection and optional classification stages are completed, the PSE must switch from low voltage to its full
voltage capacity (44-57 Volts) over a minimal amount of time (above 15 microseconds).
A gradual startup is required, as a sudden rise in voltage (reaching high frequencies) would introduce noise on the
data lines.
Once provision of power is initiated, it is common for inrush current to be experienced at the PSE port, due to the
PD’s input capacitance. A PD must be designed to cease inrush current consumption (of over 350 mA) within 50 ms
of power provision startup.
5.4 Operation
During normal operation, the PSE provides 44-57 VDC, able to support a minimum of 15.4 watts power.
Power Overloads
The IEEE 802.3af standard defines handling of overload conditions. In the event of an overload (a PD drawing a
higher power level than the allowed 12.95 Watts), or an outright short circuit caused by a failure in cabling or in the
PD, the PSE must shut down power within 50 to 75 milliseconds, while limiting current drain during this period to
protect the cabling infrastructure. Immediate voltage drop is avoided to prevent shutdown due to random
fluctuations.
5.5 Power Disconnection Scenarios
The IEEE 802.3af standard requires that devices powered over Ethernet be disconnected safely (i.e. power needs
be shut down within a short period of time following disconnection of a PD from an active port).
When a PD is disconnected, there is a danger that it will be replaced by a non-PoE-ready device while power is still
on. Imagine disconnecting a powered IP phone utilizing 48 VDC, then inadvertently plugging the powered Ethernet
cable into a non-PoE notebook computer. What’s sure to follow is not a pretty picture.
The standard defines two means of disconnection, DC Disconnect and AC Disconnect, both of which provide the
same functionality - the PSE shutdowns power to a disconnected port within 300 to 400ms. The upper boundary is
a physical human limit for disconnecting one PD and reconnecting another.
DC Disconnect
DC Disconnect detection involves measurement of current. Naturally, a disconnected PD stops consuming current,
which can be inspected by the PSE. The PSE must therefore disconnect power within 300 to 400 ms from the
current flow stop. The lower time boundary is important to prevent shutdown due to random fluctuations.
AC Disconnect
This method is based on the fact that when a valid PD is connected to a port, the AC impedance measured on its
terminals is significantly lower than in the case of an open port (disconnected PD).